2024届高考英语一轮复习：定语从句的应用 学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语一轮复习：定语从句的应用 学案（无答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-07 12:11:34 | ||
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定语从句的应用
限定性定语从句 ： 限定_______，无逗号隔开
一．定语从句的分类：
x非限定性定语从句：不限定先行词，做句子的补充说明，有____隔开
非限定性定语从句的引导词不能为that”
试比较：I have a son who is a doctor. 我有一个做医生的儿子。
I have a son，who is a doctor. 我有一个儿子，他是一名医生。
你能说出他们意义上的区别吗？__________________________________________________________
二．定语从句的结构： _______词 +关系词+_______ 从句
三．定语从句的翻译方式：
1 若定语从句较短，可将整个句子翻译为_______
如I meet a person who has good temper and is kind to me.
我遇到一个脾气温和并对我很好的人。
2 若定语从句较长，可将引导词翻译出来，which(这) ，where（_______），when（_______），why（_______）
如：Chunqiu period was a symbolic historical time when the rulers of separated states set up a separatist regime by force of arms and competed for talented people.
春秋时期是一段象征性的历史时期，这个时期里诸侯割据，各统治者争夺人才。
3 介词+which 或介词+whom
介词直译+which翻译为（_______）
介词直译+whom翻译为（这个人或这些人）
翻译：We have invited about 100 experts to attend the meeting, most of whom spealize in information technology.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：The complications(并发症) will greatly increase the risk of diabetes（糖尿病）, by which about 75% of
the deaths are caused.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
四．定语从句关系词的选择
指人: that、who、whom （作主语或宾语）
关系代词（在定语从句中作主语或宾语或定语） 指物: that、which、as （作主语或宾语）
指所属：whose（作定语）
关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）: where、when、why (可相当于介词+which 的结构)
先判断先行词在从句中所做成分，再结合语境进行选择。
1. The place _______interested me most was the Summer Palace in Beijing.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2. The prize will go to the writer ________ science friction shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
3. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
4.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
5. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
6. A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
7. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
定语从句的写作应用：
1. 我还记得我加入足球俱乐部的那一天。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 同理心（Sympathy）带给人们温暖和善意，能帮助我们和他人建立联系。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. 最终，那小偷把偷来的所有东西都交给警察了.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. 生命就像一条大河，时而(there are moments when)宁静时而疯狂。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. 他不认识我提到的教授。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. 村庄的变化太大了，似乎不大可能找到十年前我们游泳的那条小溪（creek）了。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7.这个男孩的从他的口袋里掏出（pull out）一支手表, 表的指针（hands）是由小的钻石制成（be made of）。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8.我们经历（go through）了一个时期，这期间在农村的通信（telecommunication）是非常困难的。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
定语从句在2023年武汉市9月调研考试阅读理解的应用(虚线部分)
【七选五】
Have you ever struggle to understand how someone feels Building up your empathy(同理心)skills helps you connect with your friends. 36
What is empathy
Empathy is a kind of capability that lets you step into someone else’s shoes and then figure out how they are feeling. For instance,if you can see your friend is upset after losing a football match and you support them by telling them some warm and motivating words,you are showing empathy.Miranda McKearney set up an organization called EmpathyLab that builds empathy through reading. 37 "Empathy is a force for change,"she says.
38
Scientists say empathy isn't something you are born with,it's a skill you can acquire through learning. One way you can do this is by active listening.When someone is talking to you,listen closely and respond in a way that shows you understand their situations and emotions thoroughly.Reading,advocated by EmpathyLab,is also a great way to boost empathy,since stories can take you inside someone else's mind and show you the world through their eyes and
emotions.
Put empathy into action.
39 This could mean trying out something that is important to a friend or family member,like exploring their favourite place.EmpathyLab advocated ideas for putting empathy into action in schools or at home.That might be connecting with someone new in your class and having a friendly conversation,or making small changes to your behaviour. All small acts of kindness to others can make a difference, which in turn will be copied by someone else. 40
A.How can you have more empathy
B.Who need empathy most in daily life
C.Besides,it also"spreads kindness and inspires them to do the same.
D.To find out more conducts you can do,log in EmpathyLab..
E.Only by putting empathy into action can you relate to others' bad lives.
F.She believes even small,supportive actions can have a positive impact.
G.Miranda recommends going into the thick of people's lives to show empathy
【B篇】
I arrived home from work, my mind racing. I was scheduled to perform an experiment using pricey piece of equipment, but I had spent the whole day worrying about the experiment which was on the top of my agenda, and I amazingly longed to shut off my anxious thoughts. So after dinner I made up of hot chocolate, stretched myself on my sofa, and opened a page. Almost instantly, my mind left behind the details of experimental design and stepped into a land of monsters, magic dust, and man-like bear comprising wonderful world distinct from my daily life. It was exactly what I needed.
Growing up,I was virtually never a big fan of novels.My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter book,while my copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my disciplines for better grades. After I started graduate school,extracurricular reading didn't appeal to me at all but I spent most of my time on campus digesting research papers and textbooks and my mind couldn't handle processing fact-filled nonfiction books at home,too.So I knew that I needed to find a way to enjoy reading again.
To help me stick with it,I made a New Year's resolution:I would read two fiction books per month for the entire year.The result was an almost instant appreciation of fiction, along with many unexpected results including ones that have benefited my schoolwork.
What surprised me the most was how much I learned.Some of the best books I read were historical fictional stories happening in a realistic historical setting. I learned about life indifferent countries, as well as struggles people there faced during difficult periods in their histories.The books have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I've started to think more deeply about the diversity of issues in the scientific community and could serve it, heart and soul.
24.What did the author do to wipe out the anxiety
A.He drowned it in chocolate.
B.He conducted an experiment.
C.He slept on the sofa leisurely.
D.He escaped into a fantasy world.
25.What does the author mean by the underlined part in paragraph 2
A.Reading novels was a waste of time.
B.Reading a good book was time well spent.
C.He was too busy to take good care of his books.
D.The Harry Potter book wasn't as good as expected.
26.How did the New Year's resolution benefit the author
A.More sympathy went out to him.
B.His moral values were strengthened.
C.He learned much about religious diversity.
D.He gained new insight into his academic discipline.
27.What's the best title of the text
A.Reading:A Lifelong Hobby
B.The Power of Research Papers
C.Novels:Love at Second Sight
D.The Benefits of History Reading
【C篇】
A group of researchers studying the behavior of Amur tigers Siberian tiger have found that they have different personality types that help them survive and raise their baby tigers.
According to the previous investigation, Amur tigers are definitely the largest cats in the world. They live in vast forests in wilderness areas of eastern Russia and in protected areas of northern China. There are about 400 of these tigers left in the wild, although there are probably hundreds more living in zoos or reserves.
The researchers based the study on a human test called "The Big Five" which scores people on five personality features.They asked feeders working with 248 cats in two shelters to spy on the tigers and give an account of their personalities.The results divided the tigers into two groups,which the researchers described as having either"majesty"or"steadiness".Tigers in the majesty category were those that appeared “dignified(高贵的)and ambitious'”. The tigers in the steadiness category were "sincere and tolerant"
Majestic tigers had a higher social status, spent more time hunting live animals,and mated and ate more. The steady tigers seemed gentler and loving toward one another. Rosalind Arden,co-author of the study, said,"It's pleasant to see that you don't have to be dominant, fierce, competitive, and aggressive in order to succeed as a tiger, which doesn't correspond with people's traditional insights into tigers."
There were female and male tigers in both categories.In fact,female Amur tigers are rare and feel exhausted after giving birth to baby tigers so that fathers often help raise the baby tigers.Having a steady personality,especially for male ones, could play a significant role in the relatively long amount of time-two to three years-that baby tigers stay with their parents.The researchers say both personalities have advantages that help the tiger survive threats, including loss of habitat and hunting. The team hopes the study will encourage more support from all walks of life in a bid to guarantee the tigers’ conservation.
28.What does the author intend to do in paragragh2
A.To justify an argument.
B.To add background information.
C.To summarize the previous paragraph.
D.To introduce a new topic for discussion.
29.The researcher conducted the study on Amur tiger by______.
A.categorizing them for inspection
B.scoring them on 5 personality features
C.doing comparison experiments in the lab
D.observing them through a personality test
30.What does Rosalind Arden think of their findings
A.They improve Amur tigers' welfare.
B.They change the tigers' living conditions.
C.They help the reproduction of Amur tigers.
D.They contradict traditional ideas about tigers.
31.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Few sex-related differences exist in tigers 'personalities.
B.A steady personality decreases tigers' chance of survival.
C.Greater conservation efforts have been made due to the study.
D.Personality types of baby tigers are influenced by their parents.
限定性定语从句 ： 限定_______，无逗号隔开
一．定语从句的分类：
x非限定性定语从句：不限定先行词，做句子的补充说明，有____隔开
非限定性定语从句的引导词不能为that”
试比较：I have a son who is a doctor. 我有一个做医生的儿子。
I have a son，who is a doctor. 我有一个儿子，他是一名医生。
你能说出他们意义上的区别吗？__________________________________________________________
二．定语从句的结构： _______词 +关系词+_______ 从句
三．定语从句的翻译方式：
1 若定语从句较短，可将整个句子翻译为_______
如I meet a person who has good temper and is kind to me.
我遇到一个脾气温和并对我很好的人。
2 若定语从句较长，可将引导词翻译出来，which(这) ，where（_______），when（_______），why（_______）
如：Chunqiu period was a symbolic historical time when the rulers of separated states set up a separatist regime by force of arms and competed for talented people.
春秋时期是一段象征性的历史时期，这个时期里诸侯割据，各统治者争夺人才。
3 介词+which 或介词+whom
介词直译+which翻译为（_______）
介词直译+whom翻译为（这个人或这些人）
翻译：We have invited about 100 experts to attend the meeting, most of whom spealize in information technology.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：The complications(并发症) will greatly increase the risk of diabetes（糖尿病）, by which about 75% of
the deaths are caused.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
四．定语从句关系词的选择
指人: that、who、whom （作主语或宾语）
关系代词（在定语从句中作主语或宾语或定语） 指物: that、which、as （作主语或宾语）
指所属：whose（作定语）
关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）: where、when、why (可相当于介词+which 的结构)
先判断先行词在从句中所做成分，再结合语境进行选择。
1. The place _______interested me most was the Summer Palace in Beijing.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2. The prize will go to the writer ________ science friction shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
3. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
4.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
5. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
6. A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
7. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
定语从句的写作应用：
1. 我还记得我加入足球俱乐部的那一天。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 同理心（Sympathy）带给人们温暖和善意，能帮助我们和他人建立联系。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. 最终，那小偷把偷来的所有东西都交给警察了.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. 生命就像一条大河，时而(there are moments when)宁静时而疯狂。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. 他不认识我提到的教授。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. 村庄的变化太大了，似乎不大可能找到十年前我们游泳的那条小溪（creek）了。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7.这个男孩的从他的口袋里掏出（pull out）一支手表, 表的指针（hands）是由小的钻石制成（be made of）。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8.我们经历（go through）了一个时期，这期间在农村的通信（telecommunication）是非常困难的。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
定语从句在2023年武汉市9月调研考试阅读理解的应用(虚线部分)
【七选五】
Have you ever struggle to understand how someone feels Building up your empathy(同理心)skills helps you connect with your friends. 36
What is empathy
Empathy is a kind of capability that lets you step into someone else’s shoes and then figure out how they are feeling. For instance,if you can see your friend is upset after losing a football match and you support them by telling them some warm and motivating words,you are showing empathy.Miranda McKearney set up an organization called EmpathyLab that builds empathy through reading. 37 "Empathy is a force for change,"she says.
38
Scientists say empathy isn't something you are born with,it's a skill you can acquire through learning. One way you can do this is by active listening.When someone is talking to you,listen closely and respond in a way that shows you understand their situations and emotions thoroughly.Reading,advocated by EmpathyLab,is also a great way to boost empathy,since stories can take you inside someone else's mind and show you the world through their eyes and
emotions.
Put empathy into action.
39 This could mean trying out something that is important to a friend or family member,like exploring their favourite place.EmpathyLab advocated ideas for putting empathy into action in schools or at home.That might be connecting with someone new in your class and having a friendly conversation,or making small changes to your behaviour. All small acts of kindness to others can make a difference, which in turn will be copied by someone else. 40
A.How can you have more empathy
B.Who need empathy most in daily life
C.Besides,it also"spreads kindness and inspires them to do the same.
D.To find out more conducts you can do,log in EmpathyLab..
E.Only by putting empathy into action can you relate to others' bad lives.
F.She believes even small,supportive actions can have a positive impact.
G.Miranda recommends going into the thick of people's lives to show empathy
【B篇】
I arrived home from work, my mind racing. I was scheduled to perform an experiment using pricey piece of equipment, but I had spent the whole day worrying about the experiment which was on the top of my agenda, and I amazingly longed to shut off my anxious thoughts. So after dinner I made up of hot chocolate, stretched myself on my sofa, and opened a page. Almost instantly, my mind left behind the details of experimental design and stepped into a land of monsters, magic dust, and man-like bear comprising wonderful world distinct from my daily life. It was exactly what I needed.
Growing up,I was virtually never a big fan of novels.My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter book,while my copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my disciplines for better grades. After I started graduate school,extracurricular reading didn't appeal to me at all but I spent most of my time on campus digesting research papers and textbooks and my mind couldn't handle processing fact-filled nonfiction books at home,too.So I knew that I needed to find a way to enjoy reading again.
To help me stick with it,I made a New Year's resolution:I would read two fiction books per month for the entire year.The result was an almost instant appreciation of fiction, along with many unexpected results including ones that have benefited my schoolwork.
What surprised me the most was how much I learned.Some of the best books I read were historical fictional stories happening in a realistic historical setting. I learned about life indifferent countries, as well as struggles people there faced during difficult periods in their histories.The books have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I've started to think more deeply about the diversity of issues in the scientific community and could serve it, heart and soul.
24.What did the author do to wipe out the anxiety
A.He drowned it in chocolate.
B.He conducted an experiment.
C.He slept on the sofa leisurely.
D.He escaped into a fantasy world.
25.What does the author mean by the underlined part in paragraph 2
A.Reading novels was a waste of time.
B.Reading a good book was time well spent.
C.He was too busy to take good care of his books.
D.The Harry Potter book wasn't as good as expected.
26.How did the New Year's resolution benefit the author
A.More sympathy went out to him.
B.His moral values were strengthened.
C.He learned much about religious diversity.
D.He gained new insight into his academic discipline.
27.What's the best title of the text
A.Reading:A Lifelong Hobby
B.The Power of Research Papers
C.Novels:Love at Second Sight
D.The Benefits of History Reading
【C篇】
A group of researchers studying the behavior of Amur tigers Siberian tiger have found that they have different personality types that help them survive and raise their baby tigers.
According to the previous investigation, Amur tigers are definitely the largest cats in the world. They live in vast forests in wilderness areas of eastern Russia and in protected areas of northern China. There are about 400 of these tigers left in the wild, although there are probably hundreds more living in zoos or reserves.
The researchers based the study on a human test called "The Big Five" which scores people on five personality features.They asked feeders working with 248 cats in two shelters to spy on the tigers and give an account of their personalities.The results divided the tigers into two groups,which the researchers described as having either"majesty"or"steadiness".Tigers in the majesty category were those that appeared “dignified(高贵的)and ambitious'”. The tigers in the steadiness category were "sincere and tolerant"
Majestic tigers had a higher social status, spent more time hunting live animals,and mated and ate more. The steady tigers seemed gentler and loving toward one another. Rosalind Arden,co-author of the study, said,"It's pleasant to see that you don't have to be dominant, fierce, competitive, and aggressive in order to succeed as a tiger, which doesn't correspond with people's traditional insights into tigers."
There were female and male tigers in both categories.In fact,female Amur tigers are rare and feel exhausted after giving birth to baby tigers so that fathers often help raise the baby tigers.Having a steady personality,especially for male ones, could play a significant role in the relatively long amount of time-two to three years-that baby tigers stay with their parents.The researchers say both personalities have advantages that help the tiger survive threats, including loss of habitat and hunting. The team hopes the study will encourage more support from all walks of life in a bid to guarantee the tigers’ conservation.
28.What does the author intend to do in paragragh2
A.To justify an argument.
B.To add background information.
C.To summarize the previous paragraph.
D.To introduce a new topic for discussion.
29.The researcher conducted the study on Amur tiger by______.
A.categorizing them for inspection
B.scoring them on 5 personality features
C.doing comparison experiments in the lab
D.observing them through a personality test
30.What does Rosalind Arden think of their findings
A.They improve Amur tigers' welfare.
B.They change the tigers' living conditions.
C.They help the reproduction of Amur tigers.
D.They contradict traditional ideas about tigers.
31.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Few sex-related differences exist in tigers 'personalities.
B.A steady personality decreases tigers' chance of survival.
C.Greater conservation efforts have been made due to the study.
D.Personality types of baby tigers are influenced by their parents.