课件14张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第一学时 Reading and ComprehensionTask 1语 篇
理 解快速阅读课文“Communication：No Problem？”，以约30词写出文章的段落大意。
温馨提示： 本文文体为夹叙夹议，写摘要时，要扣住几个具体事例及其文章想说明的道理：了解身势语的重要性。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The text gives some examples showing that people from different cultures may use different body language，so studying international customs may help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads.Task 2语 篇
理 解根据课文“Communication：No Problem？”，选择正确答案。
1．Which is the main idea of the text?
A．There are different customs in different countries.
B．Foreigners should follow the customs of the country where they are visiting.
C．People use body movements to send messages and different body movements have different meanings.
D．The importance of knowing customs.C语 篇
理 解2．Which two persons will shake hands after being introduced according to the text?
A．Akira Nagata and George Cook.
B．Ahmed Aziz and Darlene Coulon.
C．Darlene Coulon and George Cook.
D．Ahmed Aziz and Julia Smith.C语 篇
理 解3．When a man from Colombia and a lady from France are introduced to each other，what will they do as greeting according to the text?
A．The man will approach the lady and try to touch and kiss the lady on the cheek while she will step back.
B．They will shake hands and then kiss each other twice on each cheek.
C．The man will nod at the lady and she will smile back.
D．They will bow to each other.B语 篇
理 解4．If two men stand close to each other while talking，they cannot be from ________．
A．Britain B．Spain
C．an Arab country D．Italy
5．“Tony approached_Julia.”The underlined word in line 11 has the same meaning as that of the sentence ________．
A．The lion's approach drove away the small animalsAB语 篇
理 解B．As you approach the town，you'll see the college on the left
C．It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way
D．Oil prices have approached their highest level for almost ten yearsTask 3语 篇
理 解根据课文“Communication：No Problem？”，完成下列表格。
Not all cultures greet each other in the same way.Approachedtouchedkissed语 篇
理 解(续上表)BritainCanadaFranceBowedhandcloseshooknoddedtwiceTask 4语 篇
理 解根据课文“Communication：No Problem？”，在下列空格中填上恰当的词语，使文章连贯完整。
If you have a chance to observe several foreign visitors from different countries getting together，you'll surely experience some 1._________________ that will happen among them in body language due to the difference of their 2.________．For example，when at the first meeting，Colombians like to 3.________ others，4.________ their shoulders，while British will keep a certain distance from others；misunderstandingsculturesapproachtouch语 篇
理 解Canadians will 5.________，while Japanese will 6.________．From the above examples，we know that all cultures don't 7.________ each other in the same way.
In short，as well as 8.____________，our body language can also express our 9.________ through physical distance，actions or posture.But remember that 10.______of the actions or posture is good or bad，and they are only the ways of 11.____________ with people.Different cultures result in different body language.shake handsbowgreetspoken languagefeelingsnonecommunicating课件41张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第三学时 Using Language：
Reading，Listening and Speaking 栏目链接课 前
热 身Ⅰ.单词默写根据所给的英文解释写出下列单词。
1．____________：to open your mouth wide and breathe deeply，usually because you are tired or bored.
2．____________：the special activity or purpose of a person or a thing.
3．____________：to put your arms around someone and hold them tightly to show love or friendship.
4．____________：not right，true or real.yawnfunctionhugfalse 栏目链接课 前
热 身5．____________：the position or level that someone holds in an organization.
6．____________：the hand when tightly closed.rankfist 栏目链接课 前
热 身Ⅱ.短语熟记1．____________舒适；快活；自由自在
2．____________背对；背弃
3．____________丢脸
4．____________对……表示尊敬
5．____________与……相似
6．____________在远处，隔开一段距离
7．____________在多数情况下，往往at easeturn one's backlose faceshow respect forbe similar toat a distancein most cases 栏目链接课 前
热 身8．____________用同样的方式
9．____________总的来说
10．____________打算做某事in the same wayin generalintend to do 栏目链接课 前
热 身Ⅲ.佳句背诵1．The most universal facial expression is，of course，the smile-its fun_ction is to show happiness and __________________________(使人们舒服)．
2．Standing at a little distance __________________(双手打开)will show that I am willing to listen.
3．Looking away from people or yawning will，in most cases，make me________________________(显得不被他人感兴趣)．put people at easewith open handsappear to be uninterested 栏目链接 栏目链接语 篇
理 解Task 1 快速阅读课文“Showing our feelings”， 以约30词写出文章的段落大意。
温馨提示：本文是说明文，写摘要时，扣住说明的主题即可。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________By giving some examples，the text tells that we can understand people even if we don't know their language if we can “read” their body language. 栏目链接语 篇
理 解Task 2根据课文“Showing our feelings”，选择正确答案。
1．Which of the following about body language is TRUE?
A．It is more important than spoken language.
B．It is as important as spoken language.
C．It is not as important as spoken language.
D．It is less important than spoken language.B 栏目链接语 篇
理 解2．Why may a person smile if he loses face?
A．To show his anger.
B．To hide embarrassment.
C．To threaten others.
D．To laugh at others.B 栏目链接语 篇
理 解3．If you are not interested in other's talking，you may ________to show your respect.
A．look away from him or yawn
B．turn toward and look at something
C．fix your attention on the speaker
D．stand at a little distance with open hands D 栏目链接语 篇
理 解4．Suppose you are a teacher in America，you'll tell your students to ________ when others are talking.
A．avoid looking at others directly
B．look directly at others
C．glance at others
D．look down at othersB 栏目链接语 篇
理 解5．We can infer from the text that ________．
A．we can communicate successfully with others using body language
B．people from different countries will misunderstand each other using body language
C．we should try to learn more about other countries' customs
D．all around the world，people express the same ideas using the same body languageC 栏目链接 栏目链接口 语
训 练Part A Role Play情景介绍：Ann与John在讨论身势语。
角色：Ann和John。
任务：(1) 请根据中文提示提出问题。
(2) 请你的同学根据课文内容回答你的提问，然后你们互换角色进行口语练习。
Q1: 人们能通过身势语表达感情吗？
________________________________________________________________________Q1：Can people show their feelings through body language?
A1：Yes，they can. 栏目链接口 语
训 练Q2: 最普遍的脸部表情是什么？
________________________________________________________________________
Q3: 微笑有许多作用吗？ 能举几个例子吗？
________________________________________________________________________Q2: What is the most universal facial expression?
A2：Smile.Q3：Does smiling have many functions? Can you give some examples?
A3: Yes.It can show happiness and put people at ease.It can also hide anger，fear or worry. 栏目链接口 语
训 练Q4: 你如何表达同意或不同意？
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q5：如果我们转向某人看着他，我们表达的是什么意思？
________________________________________________________________________Q4: How do you show agreement or disagreement?
A4: I nod my head up and down if I agree and shake the head from side to side if I disagree.Q5：If we turn toward and look at someone，what do we want to show?
A5：We are interested. 栏目链接口 语
训 练Q6: 你认为哪种交流方式更有效，是口头语言还是身势语？
________________________________________________________________________Q6: Which do you think is more powerful in communication，body language or spoken language?
A6：I think body language is more powerful in communication. 栏目链接Part B Retelling口 语
训 练 请用自己的话复述课文，你可以参照上述问题及其答案。
关键词：body language(身势语)；facial expression(面部表情)；show(展现)；communication(交流)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________People show their feelings by using body languages.Smiling，the most universal facial expression，is used to show happiness，put people at ease as well as hide anger，fear or worry.If they agree they nod the head up and down while shaking the head from side to side shows 栏目链接disagreement.Turning toward and looking at someone means interest.Body language is more powerful in communication than spoken language. 栏目链接 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练1．It is possible to “read” others around us，even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.(p.30)
“读懂”我们周围的人的意思是有可能的，即使人们并不打算让我们知道他们的身势语所表达出来的意思。 栏目链接词语链接要 点
讲 与 练intend 意欲；计划；为特殊目的而设计；为特定用途而打算
intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
be intended for sb./sth.为……而设计 栏目链接即学即练要 点
讲 与 练完成下列句子。
(1)We_____________(打算去) but they ______________________(不打算去) with us.
(2)I ________________(计划让她去) together with you.
(3)The book ______________(为……写的) children aged 5～7.
(4)I______________________________(本来打算赶早班的火车)，but I didn't get up in time.intend to godon't intend goingintended her to gois intended forintended to catch the early train 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练词汇小贴士
un? 前缀置于过去分词前构成形容词：
unspoken adj.未说出口的；无言的
unspoken fears of failure 对失败的无言的惧怕
unpaid没有报酬的
uneducated没受过良好教育的
unemployed 失业的
unsettled 没有解决的 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练2．The most universal facial expression is，of course，the smile—its fun_ction is to show happiness and put people at ease.(p.30)
最普遍使用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和使人心静。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练词语链接ease n．安逸；舒适 vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
at ease 休闲；安心；自在；不拘束
put/set sb.at (his，her，etc.) ease 使某人感到舒适﹑不拘束等
with ease (without difficulty) 容易地；无困难地
ease sb.of sth.减轻某人的痛苦、负担
(1)The injection brought her immediate ease.
她经过注射后，疼痛消失了。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练(2)The news that her son passed the exam eased her.
她听到儿子通过考试的消息便安心了。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)听说孩子们都很安全，她才放心。
Her mind__________________ knowing that the children were safe.
(2)她不断练习奏鸣曲直到熟练为止。
She practiced until she could play the sonata ________________．
(3)The teacher's smiling face ______________(让我松了一口气)．was at easewith easeput me at ease 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练(4)He passed the test______________(轻而易举地)．
(5)Walking helped__________________________(减轻他的痛苦)．with easeto ease him of his pain 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练3．There are unhappy smiles，such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it.(p.30)
还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”就会用微笑来掩饰。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练词语链接lose face丢脸
face to face面对面地
face the music面对批评；接受惩罚
save (one's) face挽回面子 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)Failing to go to university ________________(让我感到丢脸)．
(2)Don't think you're__________(丢面子) when you make a mistake in public，since no one is perfect.
(3)Though she had lost her job，she __________(保全面子) by saying she'd left it willingly.made me lose facelosing facesaved face 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练[联想拓展]
lose heart 泄气；灰心
lose one's heart to 爱上；钟情于
lose weight 减肥
lose one's way 迷路
lose one's life 丧生
lose courage 丧失勇气
lose sight of 看不见 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练4．In most places around the world，frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger.(p.30)
在世界上大多数地方，皱眉或者背对着某人都表示发怒。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练词语链接
turn to 向……求助
turn out 结果是……
turn up 出现；找到；把音量开大
turn down 关，拒绝
turn away 走开；转过脸去；把……打发走
turn in 进入；交出；上交
turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑
It's impolite to turn one's back to the other while talking.
在交谈时背对对方是不礼貌的。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练即学即练用turn短语的适当形式填空。
(1)Nobody seems to understand.I don't know who to ____________．
(2)It ____________that he had forgotten our appointment.
(3)He________the key________to me when he left the room.
(4)Mary promised to come but at last she didn't____________．turn toturned outturnedoverturn up 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练(5)He __________________the policeman in order not to be recognized.
(6)I'm so sorry that he ____________my help.turned his back toturned down 栏目链接课件40张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第二学时 Learning about Language 栏目链接Ⅰ.单词默写课 前
热 身(A)根据所给的词性和汉语意思写出下列单词。
1．________n．陈述；说明→________vt.陈述；说明
2．________vt.迎接；问候→________n．敬礼；问候
3．__________vt.代表；象征→____________n．代表；代理→____________n．代表；代理人
4．________vt.&vi.保护；保卫→________n．防御；保卫
5．____________n．社团；联系；联想→____________vt.连接；联合结交；联合statementstategreetgreetingrepresentrepresentationrepresentativedefenddefenceassociationassociate 栏目链接课 前
热 身6．________adj.好奇的→________n．好奇心；奇物→________adv.好奇地
7．________adj.主要的→________n．大多数
8．______________vt.误解；误会→__________________n．误解；误会
9．________vt./n.尊敬→____________adj.恭敬的
10．________adj.生气的→________n．生气→________adv.生气地curiouscuriositycuriouslymajormajoritymisunderstandmisunderstandingsrespectrespectfulangryangerangrily 栏目链接课 前
热 身 (B)根据所给英文解释写出下列单词。
1．________：room for several people to sleep in，especially in a school.
2．________：to come near to.
3．________：to run or travel somewhere in a great hurry.
4．________：fully grown person who is legally responsible for their action.
5．________：probable or expected.dormitoryapproachdashadultlikely 栏目链接课 前
热 身6．________：to say hello to someone or welcome them.
7．________：to do sth.in order to protect someone or something from being attacked.
8．________：want to know about sth.strange or unusual.
9．_______________：fail to understand someone or something correctly.
10．__________：to officially speak or take action for another person or group of people.greetdefendcuriousmisunderstandrepresent 栏目链接Ⅱ.短语熟记课 前
热 身1．____________________ 在防守；在保卫
2．____________________ 相反地
3．____________________很可能……；有希望……
4．____________________总的来说；通常
5．____________________保卫……以免受……
6．____________________对……感到好奇……
7．____________________吻某人的脸颊
8．____________________与……握手in defenceon the contrarybe likely toin generaldefend againstbe curious aboutkiss sb.on the cheekshake hands with 栏目链接课 前
热 身Ⅲ.佳句欣赏1．______________________(第一个到达的人)was Tony Garcia from Colombia，________________(紧跟着)Julia Smith from Britain.
2．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，____________________(好像在自卫)．
3．________________(并非所有的) cultures greet each other the same way，____________________________(他们也不会感到舒服)in the same way with touching or distance between people.The first to arriveclosely followed byas if in defenceNot all nor are they comfortable 栏目链接 栏目链接要 点
讲与练1．Yesterday，another student and I，representing our university's student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.(p.26)
昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会去首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。
represent vt.代表；象征；描述；作为……的官方或授权代表或代理 栏目链接词语链接要 点
讲与练representative n．代表；众议员
adj.典型的；有代表性的
n．表现；陈述；代理
represent sth./sb.as sth./sb.把/……描绘成……
represent sb.as/to be 宣称某人为……
represent oneself as... 自称……
(1)The bald eagle represents the United States.
秃鹰象征了美国。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练(2) He was picked out from the whole class to represent them at the other school.
他被挑选出来作为全班同学的代表，到另一所学校去。 栏目链接即学即练要 点
讲与练选词填空。
represent/representation/representative
(1)Each colour on the chart______________a different department.
(2)The ______________were all amazed by what had happened in the factory.
(3)Our company has no________________in Africa.representsrepresentativesrepresentation 栏目链接要 点
讲与练2．After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.(p.26)
在机场等了半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。 栏目链接词语链接要 点
讲与练curious adj.好奇的；爱探究的；奇怪的
curiously adv.好奇地
curiosity n．好奇心
be curious about对……好奇
be curious to do急于做……
out of curiosity出于好奇
in/with curiosity好奇地 栏目链接要 点
讲与练(1)Curiously enough he had never seen the little girl.
说也奇怪，他竟从未见过那个小女孩。
(2)I see his eyes curiously stare at me.
我看见他的眼睛好奇地盯着我。 栏目链接即学即练要 点
讲与练 完成下列句子。
(1)He looked ______________(好奇地) at the people.
(2)The boy ______________________________(对所见的一切都感到好奇)．
(3)I__________________(极想知道)what has happened to him.
(4)To tell the truth，I did it simply ____________(出于好奇)．in/with curiosityis curious about everything he seesam curious to knowout of curiosity 栏目链接要 点
讲与练3．Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek！(p.26)
托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了她的脸！ 栏目链接词语链接要 点
讲与练(A)approach vt.接近，走进；着手处理
n．接近，临近；方法，途径
an approach to(doing) sth.做某事的方法/途径
make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
(1)He approached me with stealthy steps.
他悄然走近我。
(2)Our approach scared the butterfly and it flew away.
我们走近时把那只蝴蝶吓跑了。 栏目链接即学即练 要 点
讲与练完成下列句子。
(1)______________________(时机即将来临) when we must think about buying a new house.
(2)I find him ___________________(很难接近)，that is not easy to talk to in a friendly way.
(3)_________________________(当冬天临近)，many birds will fly south to go through their winter.
(4)What's__________________(最好的方法) to teaching English?The time is approachingdifficult to approachAt the approach of winterthe best approach 栏目链接要 点
讲与练(B)结构：主语 ＋ vt.＋ sb.＋on/in＋ the ＋ 身体部位
常用于这个句型的动词有：strike，take，lead，hit，beat，pat，knock 等，如：
hit sb.in the face 打某人的脸
pat sb.on the shoulder 拍某人的肩
kiss sb.on the cheek 亲……的脸颊 栏目链接即学即练要 点
讲与练完成下列句子。
(1)French people usually_______________________(亲吻对方的脸颊) when meeting for the first time.
(2)The teacher ___________________________(拍拍汤姆的肩)，saying he had done a good job in the test.kiss each other on the cheekpatted Tom on the shoulder 栏目链接要 点
讲与练4．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence.(p.26)
她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。 栏目链接词语链接要 点
讲与练defend v．防护；防御；保护；保卫
defence n．防御；保卫
in defence of...为了保卫……
in sb's defence为……辩护；在……的防备下
defend...from/against保卫……以免受……
(1)The forest will act as a defence against desert dust.
森林能起到防御沙漠尘土的作用。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练(2)The wall was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)在美国一些年轻人带着枪以保护自己。
Some young people carry guns to ______________________in America.
(2)我用棍子保护自己以免受到那条狗的攻击。
I ________________with a stick __________the dog's attack.
(3)部长在为自己的政策辩护时指出，交通死亡事故已经锐减。defend themselvesdefended myselfagainst 栏目链接要 点
讲与练____________________his policy，the Minister pointed to the sharp decrease in road deaths.
(4)他们拿起武器保卫祖国。
They took up arms____________________their country.
In defence ofin defence of 栏目链接要 点
讲与练5．However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.(p.26)
但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练词语链接likely adj.可能的，表示可能性很大时，可用most，very修饰likely
It is likely that sb....＝sb.is likely to do...某人可能做某事
(1)He is likely to win the game.
他可能会赢得这场比赛。
(2)We've just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is likely to come.
我们刚从广播里听到一则播报——一场飓风可能到来。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练 栏目链接要 点
讲与练完成下列句子。
(1)未来24小时之内可能会有降雪。
Snows ____________________________in the next 24 hours.
(2) 他很有可能成功。
__________________that he will succeed.
(3)成功是有可能的，但把握性不大，然而她还是有可能坚持。
Success is_____________，but hardly____________．However，she ______________stick to it.are likely to happen It's most likelypossibleprobableis still likely to 栏目链接要 点
讲与练6．In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads! (p.26)
但总的说来，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练词语链接in general通常；一般而言；大体上
in general＝ generally speaking
frankly speaking坦白地说
honestly speaking诚实地说
generally adv.通常地，一般地
(1)In general，the more expensive the computer is，the better it is.
一般说来，电脑越贵越好。
(2)In general，people don't like to be made fun of.
大体上讲，人们都不喜欢被捉弄。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练翻译句子。
(1)__________(一般说来)，I prefer a comedy to a tragedy.
(2)总体来说，酒后开车的人的数量越来越少了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________In generalIn general，the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller. 栏目链接要 点
讲与练7．长难句结构分析 栏目链接要 点
讲与练 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练将下列句子译成英语， 并分析其结构。
(1)他们笑着，紧紧拥抱着，因为在异国他乡遇到熟人，他们真是太高兴了。
__________________________________________ 栏目链接要 点
讲与练(2)九班的学生走向操场，非常自信能赢得比赛。
__________________________________________ 栏目链接课件11张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第五学时 Writing写 作
指 导 如何写好信件写 作
指 导一、信件格式
1．信头：发信人地址和日期。
这部分中有时可省去发信人地址，但一般要写日期。放在信纸的右上方。
2．称呼：对收信人的尊称。
最普通的是Dear，但与Mr.，Mrs.，Miss等不同的是：Dear后一般用名字，而Mr.，Mrs.，Miss后不能单独用名字，而只能是姓或姓与名，比如：对John Smith的称呼，应该是Mr. Smith，Mr. John Smith或Dear John。称呼后面可用逗号或者冒号。写 作
指 导3．信的正文
4．结尾：发信人对收信人的谦称或敬语放在信的右下方。
这部分要特别注意英语习惯，不可根据汉语意思写上诸如“此致敬礼”、“祝您健康”之类的中国式的结尾语。常用的英语书信结束语如下：
写给同龄人或年长的朋友：Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，Yours等等。
写给好朋友：Love，With love，Best wishes等等。写 作
指 导写给亲戚：Love，With love，Your (ever) loving son (sister)等等。
5．签名。
签名一般在结束语的下面一行。写 作
指 导二、信件的正文
1．开头。
常见的私人信件的开头方式有：
表示高兴：I was so glad/pleased/happy to receive your letter.
表示感谢：Thank you for your wonderful gift/your interesting letter.
表示关心与询问：How are you these days？/How are you getting on these days/with your work/studies?写 作
指 导表示抱歉：①I am sorry that I did not write to your sooner but I have been very busy these days.
②I am sorry that I have not written to you for such a long time，but let me assure you that you have always been in my thoughts.
2．信件主体。
这部分内容是最自由的，与汉语书信没有什么区别。私信件一般文体很随便，可以写任何你想写的内容。写 作
指 导3．结束信件。
常用的话语有：
①I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
②I am afraid I have to stop now but I will write again.
③Please give my regards to your family.
④Take good care of you and keep in touch.课件15张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第四学时 GrammarUnit 4 Body language
语 法
精 讲动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。
1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Hearing the news，they immediately set off for Shanghai.
＝When they heard the news，they immediately set off for Shanghai. 语 法
精 讲听到这个消息，他们立即动身去上海。
Having turned off the TV set，he began to go over his lessons.
＝After turning off the TV set，he began to go over his lessons.
关掉电视机以后，他便开始复习功课。 语 法
精 讲2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill，he didn't go to school yesterday.
＝Since he was ill，he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
Not knowing how to get there，I had to ask the way.
＝As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.
因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。 语 法
精 讲3．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons，you will succeed.
＝If you work hard at your lessons，you will succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 语 法
精 讲4．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.
＝He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 语 法
精 讲5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Having failed for many times，they still didn't give up.
＝Although they had failed for many times，they still didn't give up.
尽管他们失败了很多次，他们还是不放弃。 语 法
精 讲6．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
The child fell，striking his head against the door and cutting it.
小孩摔了一跤，在门上碰破了头。
[注意]
①如果动词-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，用其一般式(doing)；如果先于谓语动词的动作发生，用其完成式(having done)。 语 法
精 讲Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.
由于看见家里没人，他决定给他们留一张便条。
Having finished his homework，he went fishing.
做完作业后，他就去钓鱼了。
②是使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式) 语 法
精 讲Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)
③有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般说来”；judging by/from...“从 ……判断” ；taking everything into consideration“总的说来”。
Generally speaking，adults know more than teenagers.
一般说来，成年人比十几岁的孩子懂得多。 语 法
精 讲④动词-ing形式的否定形式是在动词-ing形式之前加not。
Not having received his reply，I rang him up again.
没有收到他的回音，我又给他打了一个电话。
