课件12张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第一学时 Reading and ComprehensionTask 1语 篇
理 解快速阅读课文“A Student of African Wildlife”，以约30词写出文章的段落大意。
温馨提示：本文是写人记叙文，写摘要时要介绍主人公的主要事迹。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This passage introduces the groups of chimps to us，which makes us realize that the bond of a chimp family is as strong as that of a human's.Jane Goodall's efforts and her opinion on the protection of the chimps made her achieve a lot.Task 2语 篇
理 解根据课文“A Student of African Wildlife”，选择正确答案。
1．What did the group do first in the morning? They________．
A．went into the forest slowly
B．let the chimp family of chimps wake up
C．observed the family of chimps wake up
D．helped people understand the behavior of the chimpsC语 篇
理 解2．The chimps show love in their family by________each other.
A．touching B．feeding
C．feeding or cleaning D．feeding or touching
3．The purpose of her study was to make people________．
A．watch the wild chimps in cages
B．gain a doctor's degree
C．understand and respect the lives of chimps
D．live in the forest as men canCC语 篇
理 解4．“Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.”Can you use a word to take the place of “behave”？
A．Act. B．Live.
C．Look. D．See.A语 篇
理 解5．What can we infer from the text?
A．Jane Goodall's mother lives with her.
B．Jane Goodall loves animals and tries to protect them.
C．Jane Goodall looks down upon men.
D．Jane Goodall doesn't like to work with other women of her age.BTask 3语 篇
理 解根据课文“A Student of African Wildlife”，完成下面的表格。Jane Goodallcame to Gombeto understand chimps behaviourchanged the way people think about chimpsTask 4语 篇
理 解根据课文“A Student of African Wildlife”，在下文空格中填上恰当的词语，使文章连贯完整。
Jane Goodall 1.________(dream) of working with animals in their own environment since her 2.________(child)，3.________ was not easy and unusual for a woman.However，4.________ her mother's support，she first arrived in Gombe in 1960，and from then on，she spent years 5.________(observe) and recording their daily 6.________(active)．has dreamtchildhoodwhichwithobservingactivities语 篇
理 解Her work changed 7.________way people think about chimps.As to Jane，8.________concerned her most was that the world can understand and respect the life of these animals 9.__________ than use them for 10.________________ (entertain) or advertisements.thewhatratherentertainment 3．which 引导非限制性定语从句。
5．spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意思是“花时间做某事”。
9．rather than 意思是“而不是”。课件40张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第三学时 Using Language：
Reading，Listening and Speaking 栏目链接课 前
热 身Ⅰ.单词默写(A)根据所给的词性和汉语意思写出下列单词。
1．________n．疾病，恶心→________adj.有病的，生病的
2．________n．仁慈，好心→________adj.仁慈的，好心的
3．________adj.考虑周到的→______________n．考虑，体谅
4．________vt.&vi.递送，接生，发表(演说等)→________n．递送，交付sicknesssickkindnesskindconsiderateconsiderationdeliverdelivery 栏目链接课 前
热 身5．________adj.谦虚的，谦让的→________n．谦虚，谦逊modestmodesty 栏目链接课 前
热 身 (B)根据所给的英文解释写出下列单词。
1．________：the speed or the number of times something happens within a particular period of time.
2．________：to plan to do something.
3．________：an unexpected situation involving danger in which immediate action is necessary.
4．________：a group of people in society who are born and live around the same time.
5．________：giving opinions openly and honestly.rateintendemergencygenerationoutspoken 栏目链接课 前
热 身Ⅱ.短语熟记1．__________继续，坚持
2．__________遇见，碰见
3．__________ 碰巧，凑巧
4．__________查阅，参考，谈到
5．_________________________瞧不起carry oncome acrossby chancerefer tolook down on/upon 栏目链接课 前
热 身Ⅲ.佳句背诵1．__________________________(似乎)she had been very busy in her chosen career，travelling abroad to study__________________(还，而且)writing books and articles.
2．____________________(突然我想到)how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
3．__________________ (进一步的阅读)made me realize that____________hard work and______________as well as gentle nature ____________(是苦干、决心和善良的天性)got her into medical school.It seemed thatas well asIt hit me thatFurther readingit wasdeterminationthat 栏目链接课 前
热 身4．__________________________________(后来使她成功的是)the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.What made her succeed later on was 栏目链接 栏目链接语 篇
理 解Task 1快速阅读课文“Why Not Carry on Her Good Work？”， 以约30词写出课文的段落大意。
温馨提示：本文是记叙文，写摘要时需紧扣人物、事件、结果等要素。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________One evening the author read by chance a small book by Lin Qiaozhi，a specialist in women's diseases，and wanted to carry on her good work to be a doctor. 栏目链接语 篇
理 解Task 2仔细阅读“Why Not Carry on Her Good Work？”，根据课文内容选择正确答案。
1．Which of the following is NOT an achievement of Lin Qiaozhi?
A．She got a medical training for her career.
B．She became a specialist in women's diseases.
C．She made sure that about 50，000 babies were safely delivered.
D．She helped to fight for equal rights for women.D 栏目链接语 篇
理 解2．From paragraph 1，what can we infer(推断)?
A．The writer's homework was to change her life.
B．The writer liked biology and chemistry.
C．The writer was a middle school student.
D．The writer was studying at university.A 栏目链接语 篇
理 解3．For what purpose did Lin Qiaozhi write a small book about how to look after babies?
A．It explained how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.
B．She wanted to make money.
C．It was intended for women who lived in the countryside and could not reach a doctor.
D．Both A and C.D 栏目链接语 篇
理 解4．What accounted for Lin Qiaozhi's success?
A．Hard work and determination.
B．Determination and kindness.
C．Kindness and consideration.
D．Gentle nature and hard work.C 栏目链接语 篇
理 解5．What cannot we infer from the passage?
A．It was not easy to reach a doctor in the countryside when someone suddenly fell ill.
B．Many babies died because they were not cared for properly.
C．Lin Qiaozhi made a lot of money from her work.
D．People paid more attention to boys' education than that of girls'.C 栏目链接 栏目链接口 语
训 练Part A Role Play情景介绍：魏芳与王萍在谈论妇产科专家林巧稚。
角色：魏芳和王萍。
任务：(1) 请根据中文提示提出问题。
(2) 请你的同学根据课文内容回答你的提问，然后你们互换角色进行口语练习。
Q1: 林巧稚是干什么的？
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Q1：What does Lin Qiaozhi do?
A1：She was a specialist in women's diseases，living from 1901 to 1983. 栏目链接口 语
训 练Q2: 在她那个年代女性容易进入医学院吗？是什么使她得以进入医学院学医的？
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q2: Was it easy for a woman to get medical education at that time？What got her into medical school?
A2：It was not easy for a woman to get medical education at that time，but her hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature got her into medical school. 栏目链接口 语
训 练Q3: 是什么使她得以成功的？
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q4: 她把一生献给了什么事业？
____________________________________________________________________________________________Q3：What made her succeed?
A3：What made her succeed was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.Q4：What did she devote her life to?
A4: She devoted her whole life to her patients. 栏目链接口 语
训 练Q5：她为什么要写一本关于如何照顾婴儿的书？
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q5: Why did Lin Qiaozhi write a small book about how to look after babies?
A5：She wrote the book in the hope of giving advice to women in the countryside when they couldn't reach a doctor. 栏目链接Part B Retelling口 语
训 练请用自己的话复述课文，你可以参照上述问题及其答案。
关键词：specialist(专家)；medical education(医学教育)；devote(奉献)；care for(照顾)；give advice to(给……建议)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lin Qiaozhi，a specialist in women's diseases，lived from 1901 to 1983.Though it was not easy for a woman to get medical education at that time， 栏目链接口 语
训 练her hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature got her into medical school.However，what made her succeed was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients，to whom she devoted her whole life.With her experience，Lin Qiaozhi wrote many books and articles，one of which was about caring for babies.She wrote this in the hope of giving advice to women in the countryside when they couldn't reach a doctor. 栏目链接 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练1．By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi，a specialist in women's diseases.(p.6)
我偶然碰见一篇关于林巧稚医生，一位妇科疾病专家的文章。 栏目链接词语链接要 点
讲 与 练come across ＝ run across ＝ meet by chance
(偶然) 遇见；碰见
come about ＝ happen 发生
come from 来自
come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出
come up 升起；发生；出现
come up with sth.找到或提出(答案﹑办法等) 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练(1)I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。
(2)She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。 栏目链接即学即练要 点
讲 与 练 用come短语的适当形式填空。
(1)I________________ some new words while reading.
(2)His new book will________________ next month.
(3)She________________________a new idea for increasing sales.
(4)Can you tell me how the accident__________________？
(5)How did it________________ that he knew where we were?came acrosscome outcame up withcame aboutcome about 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练2．I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.(p.6)
我细细地读了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练词语链接intend vt.计划；打算
intention n．意图，意向，目的
intend to do/doing sth.＝mean to do sth.打算做某事
sth.be intended for (某物)是为……而准备的
intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
intend sth.as/to be 打算让某物作……用
intend that...打算…… 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练 (1)I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying.
听说他们要结婚了。
(2)I intend you to take over.
我打算让你来接管。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练即学即练根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
(1)This book is__________________________(是为初学者写的)．
(2)Was that remark intended______________(介词) a joke?
(3)I didn't intend her____________(see) the painting until it was finished.intended for the beginnerasto see 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练3．There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi，tired after a day's work，went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.(p.6)
数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭常常是不可能给她报酬的。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练词语链接deliver vt.给……接生，分娩；投递，传送，运送；演讲，宣布
deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩
deliver sth.to...把某物送到……
express delivery快递
deliver a speech 发表演说 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练思维拓展说出下列画线部分的意思。
(1)Which doctor delivered_the_baby？(接生了这个婴儿)
(2)We delivered_your_order to your door.(送货)
(3)He delivered_an_important_report at the meeting.(做了重要报告)
(4)After he came into power，the President delivered_a_wonderful_speech．(发表了一篇精彩的演说) 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练即学即练 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
(1)Some new books______________________the school.(已被派送到学校)
(2)The actor ____________________(做演讲) in a soft voice.have been delivered todelivered/gave a speech 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练4．Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work？(p.6)
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的事业呢？ 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练词语链接carry on (doing sth./with sth.) 继续(做)某事
carry out a plan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示
carry sth.through 成功地完成某事物
(1)Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away.
我不在的时候，要继续做工作。
(2)They decided to carry on in spite of the weather.
他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持。 栏目链接要 点
讲 与 练即学即练 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或carry短语。
(1)____________(继续往前走) until you come to a bridge.
(2)His determination __________________________(使他度过难关)．
(3)Don't blame me.I'm only ____________my orders.(执行命令)Carry oncarried him throughcarrying out 栏目链接课件50张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第二学时 Learning about Language 栏目链接Ⅰ.单词默写课 前
热 身(A)根据所给的词性和汉语意思写出下列单词。
1．________n．成就，功绩→________vt.完成，取得
2．________n．专家，专业工作者→________adj.特别的，专门的→________adv.特别地，专门地
3．________n．组织，机构，团体→________vt.组织→________n．组织者
4．________vt.&vi.举动，表现→________n．行动，举止，习性achievementachievespecialistspecialspeciallyorganizationorganizeorganizerbehavebehaviour 栏目链接课 前
热 身5．________n．连接，关系→________vt.连接，联合
6．________vt.观察，观测，遵守→________n．观察，观测
7．________vt.&vi.讨论，辩论，争论→________n．讨论，辩论，争论
8．________n．款待，娱乐→________vt.&vi.招待， 款待，娱乐
9．________vt.鼓励，激发，启示→________n．灵感，鼓舞→________adj.令人鼓舞的
10．________n．&vt.支持，拥护→________n．支持者connectionconnectobserveobservationargueargumententertainmententertaininspireinspirationinspiringsupportsupporter 栏目链接课 前
热 身 (B)根据所给英文解释写出下列单词。
1．________：a battle，a movement with a political or business purpose.
2．________：place where it is dark because the sun does not shine directly.
3．________：to watch attentively and carefully.
4．________：to regard highly，think highly of.
5．________：a large number of people gathered together in a public place.campaignshadeobserverespectcrowd 栏目链接Ⅱ.短语熟记课 前
热 身1．_____________ 过着……的生活
2．______________人
3．________________涌上心头，涌入脑海
4．________________离开，启程，出发
5．_____________________与……有共同点
6．____________________关注，关心，使……参与……
7．_______________为……而战
8．_______________致力于
9. _______________装扮成……lead a．..lifehuman beingcrowd inmove offhave...in common withconcern oneself withfight fordevote...todress up as 栏目链接课 前
热 身Ⅲ.佳句欣赏1．However，the evening________________________________________.
但这个傍晚让我们觉得这一切都是值得的。
2．________after her mother came to help her for the first few months ________allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。makes it all worthwhileOnlywas she 栏目链接课 前
热 身3．________ I stop，it all comes ______________and I remember the chimps in laboratories.
我一旦停下来，所有一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。Oncecrowding in 栏目链接 栏目链接要 点
讲与练1．She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.(p.1)
她把她的一生全部奉献给了中国妇女和儿童的医疗事业。 栏目链接词语链接要 点
讲与练devote...to...献身；致力于
be devoted to sth./sb.热爱/全心全意对待，忠实于某人/某事 栏目链接即学即练要 点
讲与练(1)他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。
_____________________________________________
(2)退休后，他将全心全意去侍弄园艺。
_________________________________________
(3)每个人都知道我们的厂长对妻子十分忠诚。
______________________________________________________________________________He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.After his retirement，he will devote himself to gardening.Everybody knows that our director is very devoted to his wife. 栏目链接要 点
讲与练2．Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.(p.2)
简已经研究这些黑猩猩家族很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。 栏目链接词语链接要 点
讲与练behave vi.&vt.举动；举止；行为表现
behaviour n. 举止，行为方式
behave well 举止得体
behave badly 行为不端
a well?behaved boy 一个举止得体的男孩
behave oneself/well 使某人自己举止规矩
behaviour towards/to...对……的态度/行为 栏目链接要 点
讲与练 (1)Behave yourself；don't make a fool of yourself.
注意你的举止，别闹出笑话来。
(2)How is your new car behaving?
你的新车性能如何？ 栏目链接即学即练要 点
讲与练根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。(1)It's hard to train children to________________(举止得体) at the table.
(2)She is always________________(举止得体) at school.
(3)Their________(behave) ________(介词) me shows that they do not like me.behave wellwell behavedbehaviourtowards 栏目链接要 点
讲与练3．However，the evening makes it all worthwhile.(p.2)
到傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练 栏目链接即学即练 要 点
讲与练根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
(1)The necklace was________100 francs at most.
(2)It's____________to discuss the question again.
(3)You would find it________your while to come to the meeting.
(4)Can't you find something________doing at all? The book is______________________(很值得读) a second time.
(5)This place of interest is worthy______________________/__________________/____________________(参观)．worthworthwhileworthwell worth readingworthof a visitof being visitedto be visited 栏目链接要 点
讲与练4．She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.(p.2)
她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。 栏目链接词语链接要 点
讲与练observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝
observation n．[u] 观察；观测；监视
observe sb.do sth.观察某人做某事(已做完)
observe sb.doing sth.观察某人正在做某事
under observation 被监视
(1)The police observed the man entering/enter the bank.
警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。
(2)The woman was observed to follow him closely.
有人看到那女子紧跟着他。 栏目链接即学即练要 点
讲与练用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或指出划线部分的中文意思。
(1)They were observed________(enter) the bank at that time.
(2)The police observed that the driver did not observe the traffic rules.Humans fall into two classes.
(3)Do you______________(庆祝)Christmas in your country?entering观察，遵守observe 栏目链接要 点
讲与练5．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.(p.2)
她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。
解释：以“only＋状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将助动词或连系动词置于主语之前。
(1)Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.
只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练 (2)Only when you pointed it out for me did I realize that I was wrong.
只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。
注意：如果以“only＋主语”开头的句子不用倒装。
(1)Only we can help ourselves.
只有我们能帮自己。
(2)Only Tom failed in the exam.
只有汤姆考试不及格。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练 用倒装句型翻译句子。
(1)只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。
_______________________________________________
(2)只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。
_____________________________________________________Only in this way can we learn English better.Only after you read the instructions do you know how to use the machine. 栏目链接要 点
讲与练6．For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.(p.2)
40年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练词语链接respect vt.& n．尊敬，敬重
respectable 值得尊敬的
respectful 恭敬的
respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊敬某人
have / show respect for sb./sth.尊敬某人/事
gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb.赢得某人的尊敬
out of respect 出于尊敬 栏目链接要 点
讲与练词语链接 (1)If you don't respect yourself，how can you expect others to respect you?
自己不自重，又怎能受到别人尊重呢？
(2)I have the greatest respect for you.
我非常尊敬您。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)I________you________(因某事而尊敬) your honesty.
(2)I show great respect________(介词) him due to his devotion to his post.
(3)______________________(出于尊敬)，he took off his hat.
(4)Mr.Wang is a__________teacher and all his students are________to him.respectforforOut of respectrespectablerespectful 栏目链接要 点
讲与练7．She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(p.2)
她一直主张它们(黑猩猩)应该留在野外生活，而不为娱乐和广告所利用。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练argue vt.& vi.争论；讨论；争辩
argument n．[c]争论；争辩；争吵
argue for (sb./sth.)为(某人/某事)而辩护
argue against (sb./sth.) 反对(某人/某事)而辩护
argue with sb.(about/over sth.) 与某人(为某事)而争吵
argue that...主张……
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.通过争论使某人做/不做某事
have an argument about/over sth.辩论某事 栏目链接要 点
讲与练 (1)Don't argue with your mother.
不要和母亲争辩。
(2)I argued that we needed a larger office.
我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。
(1)We____________________________(说服她加入) us.
(2)We argued________the waiter________the price________the meal.
(3)I_________________________________________(和邻居争论了起来) about a tree in his garden.argued her into joiningswithaboutofargued with/had an argument with my neighbor 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练8．She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.(p.2)
她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练词语链接inspire vt.鼓舞，激励；赋予灵感/启示；激起；唤起(感情，思想等)
inspiration 鼓舞，鼓励，启示
inspiring 令人鼓舞的
inspired 受到鼓舞的
inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)The beautiful scenery __________the composer.
(2)His encouraging remarks __________ confidence in me.
(3)Do you think his speech is__________？ Have you found any__________in his speech? I felt greatly_____________and I decided to follow his example.inspiredinspiredinspiringinspirationinspired 栏目链接要 点
讲与练9．Jane was permitted to begin her work after her mother came to support her.(p.3)
母亲过来帮忙以后，简才被允许开始工作。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练词语链接support vt.支撑，支持，拥护，资助；忍受；抚养，赡养；证实
n．支撑；抚养者，维持生计者；支持，赞成；鼓舞 栏目链接要 点
讲与练思维拓展观察下列句中画线部分的词性和含义。
(1)He has a large family to_support．
他要抚养(v.)一大家子人。
(2)Hunter is the chief_support of the family.
亨特是他一家的顶梁柱(n.)。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练10．look down upon/on (p.4)蔑视；瞧不起 栏目链接要 点
讲与练词语链接look on sb./ sth.as ＝ consider sb./ sth.as
把某人看作
look on 袖手旁观
look into sth.调查或观察某事物
look up 查阅(单词、资料)；向上看
look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人)
look out for sb./sth.警惕或留心某人/物 栏目链接要 点
讲与练(1)She looks down on people who've never been to university.
她瞧不起没上过大学的人。
(2)You can't look down upon a person because he is poor.
你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
(1)He was___________________________(被人看不起) because of his humble background.
(2)He is________________________(被认为是) the leading authority on the subject.
(3)If you want to know how a word is used，________it________in a dictionary.looked down onlooked on as lookup 栏目链接要 点
讲与练11．If the word group refers to different members，use a plural verb.(p.5)
如果group指不同的成员，谓语动词用复数。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练词语链接refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言
refer to sb./sth.as 把某人/物称作
refer sth./sb.to 把某事提交；让某人向……求助
(1)We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
我们同意不再谈这件事了。
(2)She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.
当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练根据中文提示在括号里填入适当的词语。
(1)Although she didn't mention any names，everyone knew who she was________________(指)．
(2)He gave the speech___________________________________________
(没有参阅) his notes.
(3)He likes to________________________(被称为) “Doctor Khee”．
(4)My doctor referred me________(介词) a hospital specialist.referring towithout referring tobe referred to asto 栏目链接要 点
讲与练12．长难句结构分析 栏目链接要 点
讲与练即学即练将下列句子译成英语，并分析其结构。
(1)这意味着必须拆掉上个月建好的房子。
_____________________________________________
(2)他在我们学校所做的第一件事就是女生必须留短发。
_____________________________________________ 栏目链接课件11张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第五学时 Writing写 作
指 导人物描写文人物描写文就是通过描写人物的外貌并介绍人物的姓名、年龄、经历、特长、爱好等来表现人物特征的一种文体。描写内容一般包括肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及细节描写，写作时根据文章的要求和要表达的主题，灵活选用，分清主次，突出重点。
写人物描写文时应该注意：(1)认真审题，确定人称和时态：这类文章一般选择第一人称或第二人称；对于时态的选择则要视情况而定，一般来说，描写人物的外貌，性格，兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出身、教育背景、经历、事迹常用一般过去时。写 作
指 导 (2)重组信息，合理安排，突出重点：根据写作要求，既要涵盖所有的要点，又要安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。(3)斟词酌句，正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型：用词要符合人物的身份和特征，从而突出人物的个性，同时要避免句子的单调，毫无花样，要长短句结合，注意选用适当的衔接词。写 作
指 导写作中常用到的句型：
1．年龄出身。
was born on，a daughter of a poor family，at the age of，as a girl of，in one's thirties，a twenty-five-year-old young girl，during her childhood，live a happy/hard life，spend her childhood in the countryside...
2．外貌特征。
pretty，beautiful，handsome，good-looking，cool，black eyes，fat，healthy，near-sighted，ordinary-looking，short，strong，tall，thin，with a big nose，wearing a big smile，white-haired...写 作
指 导3．性格特点。
kind-hearted，warm-hearted，bad-tempered，bright，charming，smart，clever，wise，confident，diligent，friendly，generous，be ready to help others，have a good temper，humorous，independent，lazy，narrow-minded，naughty，patient，considerate...
4．兴趣爱好。
be good at singing，be expert at painting，be interested in English，be fond of music，be crazy about，be pleased with，be tired of，be strict in one's work，enjoy doing，have a strong desire to do，写 作
指 导look forward to doing sth.，long for，be eager for sth.，be addicted to doing，have a talent for language，work hard at...
5．成就事迹。
graduate from，make a great contribution to，devote oneself to doing sth.，succeed in doing sth.，do sth.with great determination，do research into this field，give up one's life for sth.，overcome many difficulties，receive the Nobel Prize for，set a new world record，won a gold medal...写 作
指 导6．经典句型。
(1)With great efforts，she made a lot of progress in her English language study.
(2)She always impresses us deeply with her lively English class.
(3)He is always particular about everything.As a result，no one likes to make friends with him.
(4)My mother is a village woman，who is already in her fifties.She has very little school education，写 作
指 导but she knows that knowledge is of great importance to young people.
(5)Such is my mother，a kind and hard-working woman.I'll respect and love her forever.课件20张PPT。英语·必修4（人教版）第四学时 Grammar 语 法
精 讲主谓一致
主谓一致就是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数等方面保持一致。主要包括三大原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则。
语法一致是指谓语动词要和它的主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语单数，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语复数，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：
China is a big country with a long history.
These books are all Wei Fen's. 语 法
精 讲2．意义一致原则。
意义一致原则指谓语动词采用单数还是复数形式要取决于主语所表达的是单数还是复数概念或意义，而不是取决于主语形式上的语法标记。例如：
Ten years is a long period to him.
People are talking about the news. 语 法
精 讲3．就近一致原则。
就近一致原则指谓语动词的数要与它最靠近的主语的数保持一致。例如：
Not only the teacher but also the students like playing football.
There is an apple，a pear，and a bunch of grapes on the table.
注意： 主谓一致的三个原则中，最主要的是语法一致原则，而语法一致原则的关键是分清楚一些名词或相当于名词的词做主语时，是单数还是复数。一、并列主语的主谓一致 语 法
精 讲1．两个单数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
2．两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一个人或同一件物或同一个概念时，或表示不可分开的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 语 法
精 讲3．用and连接的单数主语，前面有限定词each，every，many a，no等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式，后一个限定词可省略。例如：
Each pen and (each )book is found in its place.
Every boy and (every) girl is treated in the same way.
Many a boy and (many a) girl has seen it.
4．由and 连接的两个what从句做主语时，要根据意义一致原则决定谓语动词的数。
What he says and does do not agree. 语 法
精 讲5．由连词or，neither...nor，either...nor，not only...but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。例如：
He or you have taken my pen.
Either you or he is not telling the truth.
Not only the switches but also the old wire has been changed. 语 法
精 讲6．单数名词＋as well as，with，along with，like，together with，rather than，except，but，including，accompanied by，plus，besides，in addition to，no less than 等后跟名词做主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
My mother，as well as my father，has a key to the office.
The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 语 法
精 讲1．不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。这类不定代词有either，neither，each，one，the other，another，somebody，someone，something，anyone，anything，anybody，everyone，everything，everybody，no one，nothing，nobody等。例如：
Neither likes the friends of the other.
两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。
Everything around us is matter.
我们周围的所有东西都是物质。 语 法
精 讲注意：neither of与either of的结构里，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，一般用单数形式。
例如：Neither of them was/were in good health，but both worked very hard.
Has either of them been seen recently? 语 法
精 讲2．有些集体名词如：crowd，family，team，orchestra(管弦乐队)，group，government，committee，class，school，union，firm，staff，public等，它们作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
His family is a big family.
他家是个大家庭。
His family are very well.
他的家人都很健康。 语 法
精 讲The public is / are requested not to leave litter in the park.
公众不准在公园扔垃圾。 语 法
精 讲3．有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如：news，means，works，还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如：economics，physics，mechanics，politics等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
Politics is a complicated business.
Here is the news. 语 法
精 讲4．由“the＋adj.”结构作主语表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示某个人时谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The old are taken good care of in our society.
The wounded was taken to a hospital at once. 语 法
精 讲5．由all of，most of，a lot of，some of，none of，plenty of，the rest，the majority of 等＋名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词的单复数一致。
Enough of the pictures have been collected.
Some agree with Tom，but the rest of us agree with Sam. 语 法
精 讲三、数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致1．表示时间，重量、距离、价值等名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：
Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
2．“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如：
Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed.
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 语 法
精 讲3．由more than one (或more than one＋单数名词)，many a＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
More than one student has passed the examination.
Many a boy learns to swim before he can read.
注意：如果more than后面是复数名词，则谓语动词要用复数。例如：
More than two hundred students have attended the lecture.
