人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元综合练习（含答案)
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-07 23:05:35 | ||
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Unit 4 Natural Disasters
序号 内容
Part1 话题综述和感知
Part2 相关话题阅读练
Part3 话题写作常用词汇和结构
Part4 话题写作练(应用文、读后续写)
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Part
1
话题综述和感知
)
※话题综述
本单元以自然灾害为话题， 探讨在“人与自然”的主题之下， 当人类面临自然灾害的威胁 时， 应该树立防灾意识， 不断研究和认识自然灾害， 提高在灾害中逃生和生存的能力。人类 在重大自然灾害面前不屈不挠， 相互援助， 坚定信心， 重建家园。考察多以阅读和写作的形 式体现。从写作方面而言，主要体现对灾害的预防及“灾害无情， 人有情”的主题意义。
※话题感知读 (读一读)
What to Do During an Earthquake
As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes
When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Don’t go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony.
If you are in the street when an earthquake happens, don’t stand near buildings, fences or walls. Move quickly to a large open place to wait. Remember that standing under trees could also be dangerous.
※话题感知练 (填一填)
Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often 1 ． thick that you cannot see the sun and the wind sometimes has such 2 ． (strong) to move sand dunes. A typical example of sandstorms is the Dust Bowl of the 1930s in the United States. It was the 3 ． (bad) sandstorm disaster in the history of the United States. For nearly ten years dust blew on the southern plains of America, 4 ． caused serious results. People couldn’t breathe when they went outside and 5 ． (child) wore dust masks to school. The sky 6 ． (be) often dark for days. Over five million acres of land became desert during the Dust Bowl, 7 ． (force) 200,000
people to leave their homes.
The disaster 8 ． (cause) by bad farming methods and several years 9 ． very little rainfall made things worse. The land dried up and the wind blew the soil away. 10 ． took over thirty years to reverse the process and replant the land.
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【答案】
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1. so 2.strength 3.worst 4.which 5.children
6.was 7.forcing 8.was caused 9.with 。10.it
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2
相关话题阅读练
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Passage1 阅读理解
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier (水闸) has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later, the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six-week period in July and August 2003, more than 11, 400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration (脱水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity (强度) are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions (排 放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such
as the building “Flower Tower”, which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is one of the fastest growing cities on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250 ，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra
demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal-fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
1 ．What problem should be settled now in London
A ．How to protect the city’s property.
B ．Where to build its flood defences.
C ．How to improve the function of the old flood defences.
D ．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.
2 ．Which of the following measures CAN’T solve the heat wave disaster in Paris
A ．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B ．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C ．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings
D ．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower” .
3 ．The purpose of the passage is ________.
A ．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B ．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities
C ．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D ．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
Passage2 阅读理解
It’s terrible and strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so suddenly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off. I was so frightened that I just froze.
Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere.
At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! 1 just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes_But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Despite the disaster, moments like those gave us hope for the future.
Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time. None of us
knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while then.
Now, one year has passed and I’m back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back. Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster. we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.
4 ．When did this hurricane hit the author’s hometown
A ．In September. B ．In August. C ．In July. D ．In Summer.
5．What does the underlined sentence “we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes” mean
A ．We ate mosquitoes as our meals.
B ．There were too many mosquitoes.
C ．We were tired of those mosquitoes.
D ．We were bitten by mosquitoes constantly.
6 ．What can we learn about those families in that area
A ．Some families still didn’t return home.
B ．Most families came back home.
C ．Few families returned home.
D ．Only we came back home.
7 ．Who played the most important role in surviving this disaster
A ．The author himself. B ．The author’s mum.
C ．Smartie. D ．All the people stuck in the disaster
Passage3 阅读理解
Floods can strike quickly and with little waning in many parts of the world. Surviving a flood is a matter of preparation and correct action as soon as the disaster begins. ____8____.
●Make a flood survival plan.
____9____. Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, such as a friend’s home in a safe town or a shelter in your area. Make sure everyone in the family know where these locations are and how to get there. Make sure the shelters and the routes to them are through high ground.
●Escape flood waters.
You may have only a short time to escape. Act quickly, using your planned route. Head to the chosen shelters during flood warnings. When emergency services tell you to leave, follow their advice. Move to higher ground away from water. Whether you are on foot or have to give up your car, higher ground is your best option. If you’re stuck at home, head for the roof if you can do so safely.
Avoid crossing through water. Water up to your ankles (脚踝) is enough to be dangerous.
When you’re not sure of the water depth, don’t risk it. ____ 10____. Use it to measure the water’s depth and feel for stable (稳固的) ground.
●Follow news and warnings.
Flooding information can be found on your local news or weather station’s TV channel or website. ____ 11____. Also, listen to local radio stations for regular updates.
●____ 12____.
Roads and other paths may have been destroyed. Stay off bridges. The soil under usual routes will be soft and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find other routes over high ground or wait for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe.
A ．Watch out for damaged areas
B ．Protect your home during a flood
C ．If you have to go through water, bring a stick
D ．Sit down with your family to establish a plan of action
E ．If your car gets stuck in water, open or break the windows
F ．Here are some tips to help you and your family survive a flood
G ．You should receive weather information to monitor changes in the weather
Passage4 完形填空
The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods. The group ____ 13____ volunteering during Hurricane Katrina. During that storm alone, they ____ 14____ more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops! Since then, they have saved more ____ 15____ around the US! The Cajun Navy has gone to save during many of the worst ____ 16____ that hit the US, such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence.
Using their ____ 17____, they always go into places where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters. They bring their small boats and great skills to find those who are ____ 18____ and then they ____ 19____ them to safety. How strong and ____20____ they are in struggling with floodwaters!
Many of the volunteers are fishermen and ____21____ boat pilots. They, who come from the southeast United States, are expert in ____22____ through a series of swamps (沼泽) and narrow waterways. The skills they have help them find the way around ____23____ floodwaters.
A reporter ____24____ his feelings and meanwhile ____25____ them after the Cajun Navy stepped in to help during bad flooding in Louisiana. “The ____26____ were volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms, no ____27____ medals awarded to them for acts of bravery. It was a(n) ____28____ heart, not a commanding officer, that called them into risky ____29____ to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground,” he said.
The Cajun Navy is a great example of character in action. They do also ____30____ others. And more and more volunteers join the group. They often put themselves in danger to ____31____ others. And they do not do it for money or attention, but ____32____ because they
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(
Part3
话题写作常用句型
)
※常用句型
1. survive an earthquake
2. how to signal for help if you are trapped.
3. As we know, typhoon is one natural disaster that often results in heavy losses to people’s life and property.
4. It is vital for us to learn how to protect ourselves from its damage.
5. Preparedness is very important.
6. Before the coming of typhoon, we should pay close attention to the reports about it and take measures in advance.
7. People living in the low-lying areas should leave there to protect themselves from the flood.
8. When typhoon comes, we had better stay indoors and close all the doors and windows.
9. I hope we can be less affected by typhoon in the future.
10. To arouse our students’ awareness of self-protection, we will hold a speech competition on the theme of “Earthquake Safety Guidelines” on … ...
11. We’re so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon In-fa hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins.
12. On behalf of our class, I’m writing to express our most sincere pity and care for you.
13. Thinking about your present situation, we cannot wait to make every bit of our effort to help you.
14. Therefore, we make a donation of some money, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.
15. We are convinced that with the help of so many kind people, a better house can be
Part4 话题写作练 (应用文、读后续写)
※应用文练
Passage1
假定你是李华， 在某国际学校就读。因你所在海滨城市经常有飓风袭扰， 必须提醒新来 的英国交换生 Kate 了解安全须知。请你用英语给她发一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 飓风来临前应该怎么做；
2. 飓风来临时应该怎么做；不应该做什么。 注意：词数为 80 左右。
Dear Kate,
I’m wring to
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________
Yours Li Hua
Passage2
假如你是李华， 你们学校英文报近期在“世界灾难日”举办如何在灾难中保护自己和逃难的征 文比赛， 你被选拔代表班级参加， 刚好你观看了海啸的视频， 所以你决定参考以上的视频文 本给读者们写一篇建议信，内容如下：
1. 写信目的;
2. 海啸的形成和危害;
3. 就防御和逃生提建议;
4. 希望和祝福。
注意：词数 120 左右。
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_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
※读后续写练
Passage3
阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词
数应为 150 左右。
A serious earthquake can be a terrible experience, and it is easy to forget safety measures in disorder. Fortunately, most earthquake safety measures are common sense, but if you forget everything else, remember the following instructions: drop, cover, and hold on. Also, the most of earthquake deaths happen after the earthquake, so remember that the danger does not end when the shaking does! And it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Practise for an earthquake. You should do earthquake practice and teach your children about earthquake safety. Everyone in the family should do some earthquake practice often. It’s very important.
Be always ready before an earthquake. It’s necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers (120, 110, 119, etc.)
There is a strong chance of short circuits and fire breakouts during an earthquake. If you are cooking when an earthquake happens, make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
If you stay indoors during an earthquake, move away from unsupported areas: windows, large mirrors and so on. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects. Try to get under a doorway or another area of the building which is held up by strong beams. Stay under a table or desk only if it is very strong. Do not rush to lifts, because it is far safer to stay where you are.
Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Cover your head with your arms around it and curl into a ball, and wait for the shaking to stop.
Para 1.
If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, go to an area which is as open as possible.
Para 2.
After an earthquake, many buildings are less strong, although they appear safe.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2. 至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
参考答案
Part2 相关话题阅读练
1 ．C 2 ．D 3 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上正面临洪水和热浪等灾害的 3 个城市。
1．推理判断题。由 London 下中的“London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier (水闸) has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. (伦敦的防洪堤正在老化。自 1982 年 以来，泰晤士河水闸保护了该市免受洪水威胁，但其设计仅能持续到 2030 年，每两三年关 闭一次)”点明了伦敦危机暗伏的原因是防洪堤老化， 故推测出伦敦现在应该解决如何改善旧 防洪堤的功能的问题。故选 C 项。
2．细节理解题。由 Paris 下第二段中的“One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. (一个解决方案是在养老院安装空调)”和第三段“In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”, which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner. (在巴黎， 当地政府鼓励建筑 师设计新型建筑， 例如“花塔”，它使用竹子覆盖物作为天然空调)”可知， 盖上一层竹子的新
型建筑、在养老院安装空调和鼓励建筑师设计新型建筑(如花塔) 都是解决巴黎的热浪灾难
的措施， D 项“禁止城市建造“花塔””错误。故选 D 项。
3．推理判断题。由第一段“There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves. (过去几年， 自然灾害的数量急剧增加， 据推测， 全球变暖和气候变化 可能在未来造成更多的灾害。世界上一些主要城市正面临洪水和热浪等灾害)”和下文介绍的
3 个遭受自然灾害的城市可知， 文章的目的是警告我们大城市中日益严重的自然灾害。故选 B 项。
4 ．B 5 ．D 6 ．A 7 ．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家人在经历了可怕的飓风后幸运得救， 并在母亲的
鼓励下团结一致共建家园的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It was August, so it was really,really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! (当时是八月， 非常非常热， 到处是难闻的气味。) ”可知， 飓风发生的时间是
八月 August。故选 B 项。 5．词句猜测题。由前三段内容可知，飓风吹走了我们的房顶，那时正是八月，天气很热很 热并且到处是难闻的气味，可推测晚上有很多蚊子。再根据此句“Livingin the open air,we became breakfast,lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes. (住在露天的环境中， 我们成了蚊子们的 早餐、午餐和晚餐了。) ”可推断出他们被蚊子咬，故 D 项“We werebitten by mosquitoes constantly. (我们不停地被蚊子咬。) ”符合语境，故选 D 项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now,one year has passed and I’m back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back.Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster. we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. (现在，一年过去了，我回到了新奥尔良的家中。一些家庭还没有回来，但许多人已 经回来了。尽管我们周围充满了灾难的回忆，但我们正在共同努力重建我们的家园和生 活。) ”可知一些人还没有回到家乡。 A 项“Some families still didn’t return home.”符合题意， 故选 A 项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Mom said that whatever happens,we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive,though.All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us,we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights,we could see the Big Dipper,and the Milky Way. It was amazing!
Despite the disaster, moments like those gave us hope for the future. (但是妈妈说，无论发生什 么事， 我们都应该看到事情好的一面。虽然我们只剩下身上的衣服了， 但要保持积极是很难 的。但正如妈妈不断提醒我们的， 我们都在一起很安全。妈妈的话让我们感觉好多了。我记 得躺在午夜的天空下仰望星空。因为没有灯光， 我们可以看到北斗七星和银河系。这是惊人 的！尽管发生了灾难，但这样的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。) ”可知，如果没有妈妈对我 们的安慰和鼓励就没有现在安全和乐观的我们。故选 B 项。
8 ．F 9 ．D 10 ．C 11 ．G 12 ．A
【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了一些帮助人们在洪水中生存的建议。
8．上文“Surviving a flood is a combination of preparation and appropriate action as soon as the disaster begins.” (要想躲过洪水，一开始就得做好准备工作和采取适当的行动。) 提到在洪 水中生存准备工作和行动的重要性， 下文给出了具体的建议， 则设空处应该是承上启下的句 子， F 项“这里有一些帮助你和家人在洪水中生存的建议”能够承上启下， 符合语意。故选 F 项。
9．下文“Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, such as a friend’s home in a safe town or a shelter in your area.” (万一需要离开家，你得选几个见面的地点，比如去到在 安全的城镇的朋友家， 或是你所在区域的避难所。) 提到制定全家人集合的安全地点， 确保 全家人知道地点在哪以及去的路线。 D 项“和你的家人坐下来制定一个行动计划”符合本段内
容， 引出下文。其中“establish a plan”和小标题“Make a flood survival plan.”一致；“Sit down with your family”和下文“Make sure everyone in the family knows”内容一致。故选 D 项。 10．上句“When you’re not sure of the water depth, don’t risk it.” (当你不确定水的深度时，就 不要冒险。)指出不确定水深时不要贸然涉水，则设空处应该指出正确做法， C 项“如果你 必须涉水，就得携带一根棍子”指出必须涉水时正确做法是携带一根棍子，下文“Useit to measure the water’s depth and feel for stable (稳固的) ground.” (用棍子来测量水的深度， 并感 受地面是否稳定。) 则解释了棍子的作用， 其中 it 指代 C 项中的“a stick”。所以 C 项符合题 意。故选 C 项。
11．上文“Flooding information can be found on your local news or weather station’s TV channel or website.” (有关洪水的消息可以在当地新闻或气象台的电视频道或网站上找到。) 提到了解 有关洪水的消息的渠道， G 项“你应该收看天气预报， 关注天气变化”进一步告诉我们要关注 天气信息，了解变化。下文“Also, listen to local radio stations for regular updates.” (此外，定 期收听当地电台的最新消息。) 的“Also”承接 G 项内容， 指出了解洪水信息的另一做法。所 以 G 项符合题意。故选 G 项。
12．结合篇章结构可知， 设空处是第四个小标题， 是应对洪水的第四个建议。下文“Roadsand other paths may have been destroyed. Stay off bridges. The soil under usual routes will be soft and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find other routes over high ground or wait for the
authorities to indicate which roads are safe.” (道路可能受损。远离桥梁。常规路线下的土壤会 变软， 难以支撑车辆的重量。我们应该在高地上寻找其他路线， 或者等待当局指示哪些道路 是安全的。) 介绍洪水中的路况隐患和如何选择安全路线， A 项“留意受灾区域”能够概括该 段内容， 下文“Roads and other paths may have been destroyed”与 A 项的“damaged areas”一致。 所以 A 项符合题意。故选 A 项。
13 ．B 14 ．C 15 ．D 16 ．B 17 ．A 18 ．A 19 ．C 20 ．B 21 ．C 22 ．A 23 ．D
24 ．A 25 ．B 26 ．D 27 ．A 28 ．D 29 ．C 30 ．B 31 ．C 32 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了卡津海军在美国用船只在恶劣的风暴中拯救了 很多生命的故事，对他们的英勇行为表示钦佩和赞扬。 13 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该组织在卡特里娜飓风期间开始志愿工作。 A. improved 改 善； B. started 开始； C. delayed 延迟； D. survived 存活。结合下文“during Hurricane Katrina” 和“Sincethen, they have saved”可以推断该组织在卡特里娜飓风期间开始志愿工作。故选 B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅在那场风暴中，他们就从被淹的房屋和屋顶救出了 1 万多 人！ A. missed 错过；B. met 遇见；C. rescued 援救；D. struck 罢工。结合上文 The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods.(卡津海 军是一群志愿的小船主， 他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和“morethan 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops”，以及下文的“saved”可知， 这里表达的是他们从被淹的房屋
和屋顶救出了 1 万多人！故选 C 。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他们在美国各地挽救了更多的生命！ A. officers 官员； B. money 金钱； C. food 食物； D. lives 生命。结合空格前的“saved”和上文“more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops”可知，表达的是挽救了更多的生命。故选 D。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在袭击美国的许多最恶劣的风暴中，如飓风哈维和飓风佛罗 伦萨，卡津海军都去救援。 A. raindrops 雨滴； B. windstorms 风暴； C. sandstorms 沙尘暴；
D. rainfalls 降雨。结合后文“such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence”可知这里提到的 是袭击美国的许多最恶劣的风暴。故选 B。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：用他们的“船”，他们总是进入人们和动物被洪水围困的地方。
A. boats 船；B. trucks 卡车；C. bikes 自行车；D. cars 汽车。结合上文“The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods.(卡津海军是一群 志愿的小船主，他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和后文“peopleand animals are trapped by floodwaters”可知，在洪水中去援救别人应该用船。故选 A。
18．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们带着他们的小船和高超的技能去寻找那些处于危险 中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。 A. in danger 有危险；B. in place 在正确的位置，就 位； C. out of work 失业； D. out of order 发生故障。结合上文中的“they always go into places where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters(他们总是进入人们和动物被洪水围困的 地方)”可知是寻找那些处于危险中的人。故选 A。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们带着他们的小船和高超的技能去寻找那些处于危险中的 人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。 A. force 强制；B. invite 邀请；C. transport 运输，运送；
D. persuade 说服。根据下文“They bring their small boats and great skills to find those”和“them to safety”推断出，找到处于危险中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。故选 C。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在与洪水作斗争，多么坚强和勇敢啊！ A. secure 安全 的；B. brave 勇敢的；C. modest 谦逊的；D. straightforward 直截了当的。 and 连接并列成分， 这里是在表扬这些致力于援救工作的卡津海军， 所以和 strong 并列用brave 符合题意， 说明 他们的勇敢无畏。故选 B。
21 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多志愿者是渔民和熟练的船只驾驶员。 A. honest 诚实 的；B. trapped 受困的；C. skilled 熟练的；D. greedy 贪婪的。结合后文的“They, who come from the southeast United States, are expert in”和空格后的“boat pilots”，推断应该是熟练的船只驾驶 员。故选 C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们来自美国东南部，擅长航行穿越一系列沼泽和狭窄的水 道。 A. sailing 航行；B. looking 看；C. flying 飞行；D. driving 驾驶。结合后文“through a series of swamps (沼泽) and narrow waterways”推断应该用 sail 表示“擅长航行穿越一系列沼泽和狭 窄的水道”。故选 A。
23 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的技能帮助他们找到绕过强大的洪水的方法。 A. peaceful 和平的；B. mixed 混合的；C. limited 有限的；D. powerful 强大的。结合上文卡津海 军从洪水中救人和下文“floodwaters”推断这里描述的是强大的洪水。故选 D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助后，一 名记者传达了他的感受，同时赞扬了他们。 A. conveyed 传达；B. discovered 发现；C. valued 重视； D. ignored 忽略。结合宾语“his feelings”和接下来他说的话可知用 convey 符合题意。 故选 A。
25 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助后，一 名记者传达了他的感受，同时赞扬了他们。 A. taught 教；B. praised 表扬；C. beat 打；D. asked 问。结合后文这位记者的话“The 14 were volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms, no 15 medals awarded to them for acts of bravery.”可知这是在赞扬他们。 故选 B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄们是来自卡津海军的志愿者， 他们没有军衔， 没有制服， 没有颁发给他们的英勇行为的军事奖章。 A. passers-by 路人；B. witnesses 目击者；C. victims 受害者；D. heroes 英雄。结合前文“Navy stepped in to help during bad flooding in Louisiana(在 路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时， 卡津海军介入帮助)”可知这些来自卡津海军的志愿者是英雄。 故选 D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英雄们是来自卡津海军的志愿者，他们没有军衔，没有制 服，没有颁发给他们的英勇行为的军事奖章。 A. military 军事的； B. athletic 体育的； C. ecological 生态的；D. economic 经济的。结合前文“volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms”，再结合前文提到他们英勇地救助处于危难中的人， 可知虽然他们英勇救 人，但没有颁发给卡津海军英勇行为的军事奖章。故选 A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是一颗无私的心，而不是指挥官，把他们召唤到危险的洋 流中， 把濒危的公民带到更高、更安全的地方。 A. weak 软弱的；B. icy 冰冷的；C. thoughtless 轻率的；D. selfless 无私的。结合后文提到“And they do not do it for money or attention”可知他 们拥有无私的的心。故选 D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是一颗无私的心，而不是指挥官，把他们召唤到危险的洋流 中，把濒危的公民带到更高、更安全的地方。 A. companies 公司；B. funds 资金；C. currents 电流，水流；D. flights 航班。结合后文“to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground” 推断是一颗无私的心把他们召唤到危险的洋流中。故选 C。
30 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也会激励其他人。 A. acknowledge 承认；B. inspire 激励；
C. adopt 采纳；D. investigate 调查。结合前文“The Cajun Navy is a great example of character in action.”可知他们是榜样，他们也会激励其他人。故选 B。
31 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常把自己置于危险之中去帮助别人。 A. abandon 放弃；
B. consult 咨询；C. assist 协助，帮助；D. guide 指南。结合上文“The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods.(卡津海军是一群志 愿的小船主， 他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和本句中“They often putthemselves in danger”可知是他们经常把自己置于危险之中去帮助别人，呼应下文“they can help and they want to help”。故选 C。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们这样做并不是为了金钱或关注，而仅仅是因为他们可以 帮助并且他们想要去帮助。 A. cruelly 残酷地； B. delicately 微妙地； C. hardly 几乎没有； D. merely 仅仅地。结合上文“And they do not do it for money or attention”和下文“because they can help and they want to help”可知用副词merely 比较贴切，表示仅仅是因为他们可以帮助并且 他们想要去帮助，才会这样做。故选 D。
Part4 话题写作练
◎应用文练
Passage1
Dear Kate,
I’m writing to inform you a newcomer, of some tips on hurricane safety so that you can survive this common threat to a coastal city.
Knowing what to do matters when a hurricane strikes. Before a hurricane, make sure your property is protected. Close windows and bring indoors anything that could blow away. You should have sufficient food, water, medicine and batteries for emergency. During a hurricane, you’d better stay in the shelter, away from windows and listen to weather warning. Do not assume the storm has passed and go out even if the wind stops. Dangerous winds may return.
Yours Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华， 在某国际学校就读。因你所在海滨城市 经常有飓风袭扰，必须提醒新来的英国交换生 Kate 了解安全须知。请你用英语给她发一封 电子邮件。
【详解】 1.词汇积累
告知： inform sb. of sth.→tell sb. sth.
重要： matter→count
建议： tip→advice
充足的： sufficient→enough
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句： Do not assume the storm has passed and go out even if the wind stops. Dangerous winds
may return.
拓展句：Do not assume the storm has passed and go out even if the wind stops because dangerous winds may return.
【点睛】 [高分句型 1] I’m writing to inform you a newcomer, of some tips on hurricane safety so that you can survive this common threat to a coastal city. (运用了目的状语从句)
[高分句型 2] Close windows and bring indoors anything that could blow away. (运用了 that 引 导的定语从句)
Passage2
Dear readers,
I’m writing to tell you something about tsunamis and give you some advice on how to protect us when tsunamis break out.
Tsunamis are usually caused by strong earthquakes that happen in oceans. Great sea waves will be pushed towards shores with great speed. If tsunamis happen, people living near the shores will be in danger. The buildings will also be destroyed.
To protect ourselves from the natural disaster, here are some suggestions for you. First, when we are playing or living near the shore, it’s vital for us to be aware of the warning system so that we can be prepared for disasters. Second, if tsunamis happen, we must run towards high land as fast as possible. Holding tight to branches or driftwood, we can also save our lives.
I hope my advice will be helpful. I wish all of us can protect ourselves from dangers and live
a happy
life.
Yours, Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生写一封建议性。内容包括海啸的形成和危害， 以及对如何防御和逃生给予建议。
【详解】 1.词汇积累
建议： advice→suggestions
爆发： happen→break out
意识到： realize→be aware of
重要的： vital→essential
2.句式拓展
原句： Holding tight to branches or driftwood can also save our lives.
拓展句： If we hold tight to branches or driftwood, we can also save our lives.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】 If tsunamis happen, people living near the shores will be in danger.(运
用了现在分词做后置定语修饰名词)
【高分句型 2】First, when we are playing or living near the shore, it’s vital for us to be aware of the warning system so that we can be well-prepared for disasters.(运用了 it 作形式主语， to do 不 定式做真正的主语以及 so that 引导的目的状语从句)
¤读后续写练
One possible version:
Para 1.
If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, go to an area which is as open as possible. Don’t move to buildings, electric poles and other objects which may fall during an earthquake and injure you. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible and stay in your car. Protect your head and stay low to the ground till the shaking ends and it is safe to move. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm the people nearby.
Para 2.
After an earthquake, many buildings are less strong, although they appear safe. If you stay indoors, move people from the building quickly and help disabled or injured people. Once outdoors, move well away from the building so that if it falls down, you will not be injured. Wait till public safety officials announce that it is safe to stay indoors. By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly increase your chances of survival without injury.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一次严重的地震是一次可怕的经历， 人们很容易忘记混乱的安全 措施。幸运的是， 大多数地震安全措施都是常识， 但如果你忘了其他的事情， 请记住以下指 示:蹲下，找掩护，抓住。文章主要介绍了一些有关地震安全的知识。
【详解】 1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“如果你在地震期间呆在户外， 去一个尽可能开放的地方。 ”可知， 第一 段可描写在户外躲避地震的方法。
②由第二段首句内容“地震过后， 许多建筑物虽然看起来很安全， 但并不坚固。 ”可知， 第二 段可描写在室内躲避地震的方法。
2.续写线索：在户外——去开放的地方——远离大海——在室内——尽快转移出去——户外
远离建筑物
3.词汇激活
行为类
受伤： be injured/ injury/ be wounded
落下： fall / drop down
保持冷静： keep calm / keep one's head
情绪类
安全： safety /safe/ secure
非常： greatly/ enormously
【点睛】 [高分句型 1] If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible and stay in your car. (运 用了 if 引导条件状语从句)
[高分句型 2] By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly increase your chances of survival without injury. (运用了动名词作宾语)
序号 内容
Part1 话题综述和感知
Part2 相关话题阅读练
Part3 话题写作常用词汇和结构
Part4 话题写作练(应用文、读后续写)
(
Part
1
话题综述和感知
)
※话题综述
本单元以自然灾害为话题， 探讨在“人与自然”的主题之下， 当人类面临自然灾害的威胁 时， 应该树立防灾意识， 不断研究和认识自然灾害， 提高在灾害中逃生和生存的能力。人类 在重大自然灾害面前不屈不挠， 相互援助， 坚定信心， 重建家园。考察多以阅读和写作的形 式体现。从写作方面而言，主要体现对灾害的预防及“灾害无情， 人有情”的主题意义。
※话题感知读 (读一读)
What to Do During an Earthquake
As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes
When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Don’t go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony.
If you are in the street when an earthquake happens, don’t stand near buildings, fences or walls. Move quickly to a large open place to wait. Remember that standing under trees could also be dangerous.
※话题感知练 (填一填)
Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often 1 ． thick that you cannot see the sun and the wind sometimes has such 2 ． (strong) to move sand dunes. A typical example of sandstorms is the Dust Bowl of the 1930s in the United States. It was the 3 ． (bad) sandstorm disaster in the history of the United States. For nearly ten years dust blew on the southern plains of America, 4 ． caused serious results. People couldn’t breathe when they went outside and 5 ． (child) wore dust masks to school. The sky 6 ． (be) often dark for days. Over five million acres of land became desert during the Dust Bowl, 7 ． (force) 200,000
people to leave their homes.
The disaster 8 ． (cause) by bad farming methods and several years 9 ． very little rainfall made things worse. The land dried up and the wind blew the soil away. 10 ． took over thirty years to reverse the process and replant the land.
(
【答案】
)
1. so 2.strength 3.worst 4.which 5.children
6.was 7.forcing 8.was caused 9.with 。10.it
(
Part
2
相关话题阅读练
)
Passage1 阅读理解
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier (水闸) has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later, the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six-week period in July and August 2003, more than 11, 400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration (脱水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity (强度) are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions (排 放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such
as the building “Flower Tower”, which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is one of the fastest growing cities on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250 ，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra
demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal-fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
1 ．What problem should be settled now in London
A ．How to protect the city’s property.
B ．Where to build its flood defences.
C ．How to improve the function of the old flood defences.
D ．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.
2 ．Which of the following measures CAN’T solve the heat wave disaster in Paris
A ．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B ．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C ．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings
D ．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower” .
3 ．The purpose of the passage is ________.
A ．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B ．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities
C ．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D ．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
Passage2 阅读理解
It’s terrible and strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so suddenly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off. I was so frightened that I just froze.
Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere.
At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! 1 just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes_But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Despite the disaster, moments like those gave us hope for the future.
Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time. None of us
knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while then.
Now, one year has passed and I’m back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back. Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster. we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.
4 ．When did this hurricane hit the author’s hometown
A ．In September. B ．In August. C ．In July. D ．In Summer.
5．What does the underlined sentence “we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes” mean
A ．We ate mosquitoes as our meals.
B ．There were too many mosquitoes.
C ．We were tired of those mosquitoes.
D ．We were bitten by mosquitoes constantly.
6 ．What can we learn about those families in that area
A ．Some families still didn’t return home.
B ．Most families came back home.
C ．Few families returned home.
D ．Only we came back home.
7 ．Who played the most important role in surviving this disaster
A ．The author himself. B ．The author’s mum.
C ．Smartie. D ．All the people stuck in the disaster
Passage3 阅读理解
Floods can strike quickly and with little waning in many parts of the world. Surviving a flood is a matter of preparation and correct action as soon as the disaster begins. ____8____.
●Make a flood survival plan.
____9____. Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, such as a friend’s home in a safe town or a shelter in your area. Make sure everyone in the family know where these locations are and how to get there. Make sure the shelters and the routes to them are through high ground.
●Escape flood waters.
You may have only a short time to escape. Act quickly, using your planned route. Head to the chosen shelters during flood warnings. When emergency services tell you to leave, follow their advice. Move to higher ground away from water. Whether you are on foot or have to give up your car, higher ground is your best option. If you’re stuck at home, head for the roof if you can do so safely.
Avoid crossing through water. Water up to your ankles (脚踝) is enough to be dangerous.
When you’re not sure of the water depth, don’t risk it. ____ 10____. Use it to measure the water’s depth and feel for stable (稳固的) ground.
●Follow news and warnings.
Flooding information can be found on your local news or weather station’s TV channel or website. ____ 11____. Also, listen to local radio stations for regular updates.
●____ 12____.
Roads and other paths may have been destroyed. Stay off bridges. The soil under usual routes will be soft and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find other routes over high ground or wait for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe.
A ．Watch out for damaged areas
B ．Protect your home during a flood
C ．If you have to go through water, bring a stick
D ．Sit down with your family to establish a plan of action
E ．If your car gets stuck in water, open or break the windows
F ．Here are some tips to help you and your family survive a flood
G ．You should receive weather information to monitor changes in the weather
Passage4 完形填空
The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods. The group ____ 13____ volunteering during Hurricane Katrina. During that storm alone, they ____ 14____ more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops! Since then, they have saved more ____ 15____ around the US! The Cajun Navy has gone to save during many of the worst ____ 16____ that hit the US, such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence.
Using their ____ 17____, they always go into places where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters. They bring their small boats and great skills to find those who are ____ 18____ and then they ____ 19____ them to safety. How strong and ____20____ they are in struggling with floodwaters!
Many of the volunteers are fishermen and ____21____ boat pilots. They, who come from the southeast United States, are expert in ____22____ through a series of swamps (沼泽) and narrow waterways. The skills they have help them find the way around ____23____ floodwaters.
A reporter ____24____ his feelings and meanwhile ____25____ them after the Cajun Navy stepped in to help during bad flooding in Louisiana. “The ____26____ were volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms, no ____27____ medals awarded to them for acts of bravery. It was a(n) ____28____ heart, not a commanding officer, that called them into risky ____29____ to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground,” he said.
The Cajun Navy is a great example of character in action. They do also ____30____ others. And more and more volunteers join the group. They often put themselves in danger to ____31____ others. And they do not do it for money or attention, but ____32____ because they
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Part3
话题写作常用句型
)
※常用句型
1. survive an earthquake
2. how to signal for help if you are trapped.
3. As we know, typhoon is one natural disaster that often results in heavy losses to people’s life and property.
4. It is vital for us to learn how to protect ourselves from its damage.
5. Preparedness is very important.
6. Before the coming of typhoon, we should pay close attention to the reports about it and take measures in advance.
7. People living in the low-lying areas should leave there to protect themselves from the flood.
8. When typhoon comes, we had better stay indoors and close all the doors and windows.
9. I hope we can be less affected by typhoon in the future.
10. To arouse our students’ awareness of self-protection, we will hold a speech competition on the theme of “Earthquake Safety Guidelines” on … ...
11. We’re so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon In-fa hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins.
12. On behalf of our class, I’m writing to express our most sincere pity and care for you.
13. Thinking about your present situation, we cannot wait to make every bit of our effort to help you.
14. Therefore, we make a donation of some money, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.
15. We are convinced that with the help of so many kind people, a better house can be
Part4 话题写作练 (应用文、读后续写)
※应用文练
Passage1
假定你是李华， 在某国际学校就读。因你所在海滨城市经常有飓风袭扰， 必须提醒新来 的英国交换生 Kate 了解安全须知。请你用英语给她发一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 飓风来临前应该怎么做；
2. 飓风来临时应该怎么做；不应该做什么。 注意：词数为 80 左右。
Dear Kate,
I’m wring to
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________
Yours Li Hua
Passage2
假如你是李华， 你们学校英文报近期在“世界灾难日”举办如何在灾难中保护自己和逃难的征 文比赛， 你被选拔代表班级参加， 刚好你观看了海啸的视频， 所以你决定参考以上的视频文 本给读者们写一篇建议信，内容如下：
1. 写信目的;
2. 海啸的形成和危害;
3. 就防御和逃生提建议;
4. 希望和祝福。
注意：词数 120 左右。
(
rebuilt
.
)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
※读后续写练
Passage3
阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词
数应为 150 左右。
A serious earthquake can be a terrible experience, and it is easy to forget safety measures in disorder. Fortunately, most earthquake safety measures are common sense, but if you forget everything else, remember the following instructions: drop, cover, and hold on. Also, the most of earthquake deaths happen after the earthquake, so remember that the danger does not end when the shaking does! And it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Practise for an earthquake. You should do earthquake practice and teach your children about earthquake safety. Everyone in the family should do some earthquake practice often. It’s very important.
Be always ready before an earthquake. It’s necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers (120, 110, 119, etc.)
There is a strong chance of short circuits and fire breakouts during an earthquake. If you are cooking when an earthquake happens, make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
If you stay indoors during an earthquake, move away from unsupported areas: windows, large mirrors and so on. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects. Try to get under a doorway or another area of the building which is held up by strong beams. Stay under a table or desk only if it is very strong. Do not rush to lifts, because it is far safer to stay where you are.
Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Cover your head with your arms around it and curl into a ball, and wait for the shaking to stop.
Para 1.
If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, go to an area which is as open as possible.
Para 2.
After an earthquake, many buildings are less strong, although they appear safe.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2. 至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
参考答案
Part2 相关话题阅读练
1 ．C 2 ．D 3 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上正面临洪水和热浪等灾害的 3 个城市。
1．推理判断题。由 London 下中的“London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier (水闸) has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. (伦敦的防洪堤正在老化。自 1982 年 以来，泰晤士河水闸保护了该市免受洪水威胁，但其设计仅能持续到 2030 年，每两三年关 闭一次)”点明了伦敦危机暗伏的原因是防洪堤老化， 故推测出伦敦现在应该解决如何改善旧 防洪堤的功能的问题。故选 C 项。
2．细节理解题。由 Paris 下第二段中的“One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. (一个解决方案是在养老院安装空调)”和第三段“In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”, which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner. (在巴黎， 当地政府鼓励建筑 师设计新型建筑， 例如“花塔”，它使用竹子覆盖物作为天然空调)”可知， 盖上一层竹子的新
型建筑、在养老院安装空调和鼓励建筑师设计新型建筑(如花塔) 都是解决巴黎的热浪灾难
的措施， D 项“禁止城市建造“花塔””错误。故选 D 项。
3．推理判断题。由第一段“There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves. (过去几年， 自然灾害的数量急剧增加， 据推测， 全球变暖和气候变化 可能在未来造成更多的灾害。世界上一些主要城市正面临洪水和热浪等灾害)”和下文介绍的
3 个遭受自然灾害的城市可知， 文章的目的是警告我们大城市中日益严重的自然灾害。故选 B 项。
4 ．B 5 ．D 6 ．A 7 ．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家人在经历了可怕的飓风后幸运得救， 并在母亲的
鼓励下团结一致共建家园的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It was August, so it was really,really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! (当时是八月， 非常非常热， 到处是难闻的气味。) ”可知， 飓风发生的时间是
八月 August。故选 B 项。 5．词句猜测题。由前三段内容可知，飓风吹走了我们的房顶，那时正是八月，天气很热很 热并且到处是难闻的气味，可推测晚上有很多蚊子。再根据此句“Livingin the open air,we became breakfast,lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes. (住在露天的环境中， 我们成了蚊子们的 早餐、午餐和晚餐了。) ”可推断出他们被蚊子咬，故 D 项“We werebitten by mosquitoes constantly. (我们不停地被蚊子咬。) ”符合语境，故选 D 项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now,one year has passed and I’m back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back.Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster. we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. (现在，一年过去了，我回到了新奥尔良的家中。一些家庭还没有回来，但许多人已 经回来了。尽管我们周围充满了灾难的回忆，但我们正在共同努力重建我们的家园和生 活。) ”可知一些人还没有回到家乡。 A 项“Some families still didn’t return home.”符合题意， 故选 A 项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Mom said that whatever happens,we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive,though.All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us,we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights,we could see the Big Dipper,and the Milky Way. It was amazing!
Despite the disaster, moments like those gave us hope for the future. (但是妈妈说，无论发生什 么事， 我们都应该看到事情好的一面。虽然我们只剩下身上的衣服了， 但要保持积极是很难 的。但正如妈妈不断提醒我们的， 我们都在一起很安全。妈妈的话让我们感觉好多了。我记 得躺在午夜的天空下仰望星空。因为没有灯光， 我们可以看到北斗七星和银河系。这是惊人 的！尽管发生了灾难，但这样的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。) ”可知，如果没有妈妈对我 们的安慰和鼓励就没有现在安全和乐观的我们。故选 B 项。
8 ．F 9 ．D 10 ．C 11 ．G 12 ．A
【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了一些帮助人们在洪水中生存的建议。
8．上文“Surviving a flood is a combination of preparation and appropriate action as soon as the disaster begins.” (要想躲过洪水，一开始就得做好准备工作和采取适当的行动。) 提到在洪 水中生存准备工作和行动的重要性， 下文给出了具体的建议， 则设空处应该是承上启下的句 子， F 项“这里有一些帮助你和家人在洪水中生存的建议”能够承上启下， 符合语意。故选 F 项。
9．下文“Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, such as a friend’s home in a safe town or a shelter in your area.” (万一需要离开家，你得选几个见面的地点，比如去到在 安全的城镇的朋友家， 或是你所在区域的避难所。) 提到制定全家人集合的安全地点， 确保 全家人知道地点在哪以及去的路线。 D 项“和你的家人坐下来制定一个行动计划”符合本段内
容， 引出下文。其中“establish a plan”和小标题“Make a flood survival plan.”一致；“Sit down with your family”和下文“Make sure everyone in the family knows”内容一致。故选 D 项。 10．上句“When you’re not sure of the water depth, don’t risk it.” (当你不确定水的深度时，就 不要冒险。)指出不确定水深时不要贸然涉水，则设空处应该指出正确做法， C 项“如果你 必须涉水，就得携带一根棍子”指出必须涉水时正确做法是携带一根棍子，下文“Useit to measure the water’s depth and feel for stable (稳固的) ground.” (用棍子来测量水的深度， 并感 受地面是否稳定。) 则解释了棍子的作用， 其中 it 指代 C 项中的“a stick”。所以 C 项符合题 意。故选 C 项。
11．上文“Flooding information can be found on your local news or weather station’s TV channel or website.” (有关洪水的消息可以在当地新闻或气象台的电视频道或网站上找到。) 提到了解 有关洪水的消息的渠道， G 项“你应该收看天气预报， 关注天气变化”进一步告诉我们要关注 天气信息，了解变化。下文“Also, listen to local radio stations for regular updates.” (此外，定 期收听当地电台的最新消息。) 的“Also”承接 G 项内容， 指出了解洪水信息的另一做法。所 以 G 项符合题意。故选 G 项。
12．结合篇章结构可知， 设空处是第四个小标题， 是应对洪水的第四个建议。下文“Roadsand other paths may have been destroyed. Stay off bridges. The soil under usual routes will be soft and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find other routes over high ground or wait for the
authorities to indicate which roads are safe.” (道路可能受损。远离桥梁。常规路线下的土壤会 变软， 难以支撑车辆的重量。我们应该在高地上寻找其他路线， 或者等待当局指示哪些道路 是安全的。) 介绍洪水中的路况隐患和如何选择安全路线， A 项“留意受灾区域”能够概括该 段内容， 下文“Roads and other paths may have been destroyed”与 A 项的“damaged areas”一致。 所以 A 项符合题意。故选 A 项。
13 ．B 14 ．C 15 ．D 16 ．B 17 ．A 18 ．A 19 ．C 20 ．B 21 ．C 22 ．A 23 ．D
24 ．A 25 ．B 26 ．D 27 ．A 28 ．D 29 ．C 30 ．B 31 ．C 32 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了卡津海军在美国用船只在恶劣的风暴中拯救了 很多生命的故事，对他们的英勇行为表示钦佩和赞扬。 13 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该组织在卡特里娜飓风期间开始志愿工作。 A. improved 改 善； B. started 开始； C. delayed 延迟； D. survived 存活。结合下文“during Hurricane Katrina” 和“Sincethen, they have saved”可以推断该组织在卡特里娜飓风期间开始志愿工作。故选 B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅在那场风暴中，他们就从被淹的房屋和屋顶救出了 1 万多 人！ A. missed 错过；B. met 遇见；C. rescued 援救；D. struck 罢工。结合上文 The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods.(卡津海 军是一群志愿的小船主， 他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和“morethan 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops”，以及下文的“saved”可知， 这里表达的是他们从被淹的房屋
和屋顶救出了 1 万多人！故选 C 。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他们在美国各地挽救了更多的生命！ A. officers 官员； B. money 金钱； C. food 食物； D. lives 生命。结合空格前的“saved”和上文“more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops”可知，表达的是挽救了更多的生命。故选 D。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在袭击美国的许多最恶劣的风暴中，如飓风哈维和飓风佛罗 伦萨，卡津海军都去救援。 A. raindrops 雨滴； B. windstorms 风暴； C. sandstorms 沙尘暴；
D. rainfalls 降雨。结合后文“such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence”可知这里提到的 是袭击美国的许多最恶劣的风暴。故选 B。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：用他们的“船”，他们总是进入人们和动物被洪水围困的地方。
A. boats 船；B. trucks 卡车；C. bikes 自行车；D. cars 汽车。结合上文“The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods.(卡津海军是一群 志愿的小船主，他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和后文“peopleand animals are trapped by floodwaters”可知，在洪水中去援救别人应该用船。故选 A。
18．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们带着他们的小船和高超的技能去寻找那些处于危险 中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。 A. in danger 有危险；B. in place 在正确的位置，就 位； C. out of work 失业； D. out of order 发生故障。结合上文中的“they always go into places where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters(他们总是进入人们和动物被洪水围困的 地方)”可知是寻找那些处于危险中的人。故选 A。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们带着他们的小船和高超的技能去寻找那些处于危险中的 人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。 A. force 强制；B. invite 邀请；C. transport 运输，运送；
D. persuade 说服。根据下文“They bring their small boats and great skills to find those”和“them to safety”推断出，找到处于危险中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。故选 C。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在与洪水作斗争，多么坚强和勇敢啊！ A. secure 安全 的；B. brave 勇敢的；C. modest 谦逊的；D. straightforward 直截了当的。 and 连接并列成分， 这里是在表扬这些致力于援救工作的卡津海军， 所以和 strong 并列用brave 符合题意， 说明 他们的勇敢无畏。故选 B。
21 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多志愿者是渔民和熟练的船只驾驶员。 A. honest 诚实 的；B. trapped 受困的；C. skilled 熟练的；D. greedy 贪婪的。结合后文的“They, who come from the southeast United States, are expert in”和空格后的“boat pilots”，推断应该是熟练的船只驾驶 员。故选 C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们来自美国东南部，擅长航行穿越一系列沼泽和狭窄的水 道。 A. sailing 航行；B. looking 看；C. flying 飞行；D. driving 驾驶。结合后文“through a series of swamps (沼泽) and narrow waterways”推断应该用 sail 表示“擅长航行穿越一系列沼泽和狭 窄的水道”。故选 A。
23 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的技能帮助他们找到绕过强大的洪水的方法。 A. peaceful 和平的；B. mixed 混合的；C. limited 有限的；D. powerful 强大的。结合上文卡津海 军从洪水中救人和下文“floodwaters”推断这里描述的是强大的洪水。故选 D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助后，一 名记者传达了他的感受，同时赞扬了他们。 A. conveyed 传达；B. discovered 发现；C. valued 重视； D. ignored 忽略。结合宾语“his feelings”和接下来他说的话可知用 convey 符合题意。 故选 A。
25 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助后，一 名记者传达了他的感受，同时赞扬了他们。 A. taught 教；B. praised 表扬；C. beat 打；D. asked 问。结合后文这位记者的话“The 14 were volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms, no 15 medals awarded to them for acts of bravery.”可知这是在赞扬他们。 故选 B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄们是来自卡津海军的志愿者， 他们没有军衔， 没有制服， 没有颁发给他们的英勇行为的军事奖章。 A. passers-by 路人；B. witnesses 目击者；C. victims 受害者；D. heroes 英雄。结合前文“Navy stepped in to help during bad flooding in Louisiana(在 路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时， 卡津海军介入帮助)”可知这些来自卡津海军的志愿者是英雄。 故选 D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英雄们是来自卡津海军的志愿者，他们没有军衔，没有制 服，没有颁发给他们的英勇行为的军事奖章。 A. military 军事的； B. athletic 体育的； C. ecological 生态的；D. economic 经济的。结合前文“volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms”，再结合前文提到他们英勇地救助处于危难中的人， 可知虽然他们英勇救 人，但没有颁发给卡津海军英勇行为的军事奖章。故选 A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是一颗无私的心，而不是指挥官，把他们召唤到危险的洋 流中， 把濒危的公民带到更高、更安全的地方。 A. weak 软弱的；B. icy 冰冷的；C. thoughtless 轻率的；D. selfless 无私的。结合后文提到“And they do not do it for money or attention”可知他 们拥有无私的的心。故选 D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是一颗无私的心，而不是指挥官，把他们召唤到危险的洋流 中，把濒危的公民带到更高、更安全的地方。 A. companies 公司；B. funds 资金；C. currents 电流，水流；D. flights 航班。结合后文“to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground” 推断是一颗无私的心把他们召唤到危险的洋流中。故选 C。
30 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也会激励其他人。 A. acknowledge 承认；B. inspire 激励；
C. adopt 采纳；D. investigate 调查。结合前文“The Cajun Navy is a great example of character in action.”可知他们是榜样，他们也会激励其他人。故选 B。
31 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常把自己置于危险之中去帮助别人。 A. abandon 放弃；
B. consult 咨询；C. assist 协助，帮助；D. guide 指南。结合上文“The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods.(卡津海军是一群志 愿的小船主， 他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和本句中“They often putthemselves in danger”可知是他们经常把自己置于危险之中去帮助别人，呼应下文“they can help and they want to help”。故选 C。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们这样做并不是为了金钱或关注，而仅仅是因为他们可以 帮助并且他们想要去帮助。 A. cruelly 残酷地； B. delicately 微妙地； C. hardly 几乎没有； D. merely 仅仅地。结合上文“And they do not do it for money or attention”和下文“because they can help and they want to help”可知用副词merely 比较贴切，表示仅仅是因为他们可以帮助并且 他们想要去帮助，才会这样做。故选 D。
Part4 话题写作练
◎应用文练
Passage1
Dear Kate,
I’m writing to inform you a newcomer, of some tips on hurricane safety so that you can survive this common threat to a coastal city.
Knowing what to do matters when a hurricane strikes. Before a hurricane, make sure your property is protected. Close windows and bring indoors anything that could blow away. You should have sufficient food, water, medicine and batteries for emergency. During a hurricane, you’d better stay in the shelter, away from windows and listen to weather warning. Do not assume the storm has passed and go out even if the wind stops. Dangerous winds may return.
Yours Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华， 在某国际学校就读。因你所在海滨城市 经常有飓风袭扰，必须提醒新来的英国交换生 Kate 了解安全须知。请你用英语给她发一封 电子邮件。
【详解】 1.词汇积累
告知： inform sb. of sth.→tell sb. sth.
重要： matter→count
建议： tip→advice
充足的： sufficient→enough
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句： Do not assume the storm has passed and go out even if the wind stops. Dangerous winds
may return.
拓展句：Do not assume the storm has passed and go out even if the wind stops because dangerous winds may return.
【点睛】 [高分句型 1] I’m writing to inform you a newcomer, of some tips on hurricane safety so that you can survive this common threat to a coastal city. (运用了目的状语从句)
[高分句型 2] Close windows and bring indoors anything that could blow away. (运用了 that 引 导的定语从句)
Passage2
Dear readers,
I’m writing to tell you something about tsunamis and give you some advice on how to protect us when tsunamis break out.
Tsunamis are usually caused by strong earthquakes that happen in oceans. Great sea waves will be pushed towards shores with great speed. If tsunamis happen, people living near the shores will be in danger. The buildings will also be destroyed.
To protect ourselves from the natural disaster, here are some suggestions for you. First, when we are playing or living near the shore, it’s vital for us to be aware of the warning system so that we can be prepared for disasters. Second, if tsunamis happen, we must run towards high land as fast as possible. Holding tight to branches or driftwood, we can also save our lives.
I hope my advice will be helpful. I wish all of us can protect ourselves from dangers and live
a happy
life.
Yours, Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生写一封建议性。内容包括海啸的形成和危害， 以及对如何防御和逃生给予建议。
【详解】 1.词汇积累
建议： advice→suggestions
爆发： happen→break out
意识到： realize→be aware of
重要的： vital→essential
2.句式拓展
原句： Holding tight to branches or driftwood can also save our lives.
拓展句： If we hold tight to branches or driftwood, we can also save our lives.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】 If tsunamis happen, people living near the shores will be in danger.(运
用了现在分词做后置定语修饰名词)
【高分句型 2】First, when we are playing or living near the shore, it’s vital for us to be aware of the warning system so that we can be well-prepared for disasters.(运用了 it 作形式主语， to do 不 定式做真正的主语以及 so that 引导的目的状语从句)
¤读后续写练
One possible version:
Para 1.
If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, go to an area which is as open as possible. Don’t move to buildings, electric poles and other objects which may fall during an earthquake and injure you. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible and stay in your car. Protect your head and stay low to the ground till the shaking ends and it is safe to move. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm the people nearby.
Para 2.
After an earthquake, many buildings are less strong, although they appear safe. If you stay indoors, move people from the building quickly and help disabled or injured people. Once outdoors, move well away from the building so that if it falls down, you will not be injured. Wait till public safety officials announce that it is safe to stay indoors. By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly increase your chances of survival without injury.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一次严重的地震是一次可怕的经历， 人们很容易忘记混乱的安全 措施。幸运的是， 大多数地震安全措施都是常识， 但如果你忘了其他的事情， 请记住以下指 示:蹲下，找掩护，抓住。文章主要介绍了一些有关地震安全的知识。
【详解】 1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“如果你在地震期间呆在户外， 去一个尽可能开放的地方。 ”可知， 第一 段可描写在户外躲避地震的方法。
②由第二段首句内容“地震过后， 许多建筑物虽然看起来很安全， 但并不坚固。 ”可知， 第二 段可描写在室内躲避地震的方法。
2.续写线索：在户外——去开放的地方——远离大海——在室内——尽快转移出去——户外
远离建筑物
3.词汇激活
行为类
受伤： be injured/ injury/ be wounded
落下： fall / drop down
保持冷静： keep calm / keep one's head
情绪类
安全： safety /safe/ secure
非常： greatly/ enormously
【点睛】 [高分句型 1] If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible and stay in your car. (运 用了 if 引导条件状语从句)
[高分句型 2] By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly increase your chances of survival without injury. (运用了动名词作宾语)