Unit 4 Body Language Reading and Thinking—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.I can't describe my ________(angry) in words.
2.If I hadn't been faced with so many ________(barrier), I wouldn't be where I am.
3.As a result, people could make _____ (infer) about who was participating in the virtual (虚拟) conversation.
知识点2 形容词的用法
4.As a matter of fact, my opinions are not always __________(identity) with my parents'.
5.He is not a __________(rely) person, for he never carries out his promises.
【提升能力】
6.她唱歌多么动听啊！我从没有听过更好听的了。 (否定词+比较级）
How beautifully she sings! I ______________________________________________.
7.研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更快乐。（who引导的定语从句）
A study shows the students _______________________ are happier than those _______________________________.
8.我们使用人工而不是机器翻译，因为我们相信他们更可靠。（as引导原因状语从句）
We use human translators rather than machines ______________________________________________.
9.Amy和她的兄弟们表演魔术时受到了热烈的掌声。（时间状语从句的省略）
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given warm applause ______________________________________________.
10.近年来，美国见证了中国出口市场的快速增长。(witness)
In recent years, the United States ______________________________________________.
【综合素养】
11. Body language provides a lot of information on what other people are thinking. Research has shown that 55% of communication comes from body language. ①_______________ Next time you're in a meeting, watch for these cues (暗示).
Real smiles crinkle (使起皱纹) the eyes. When it comes to smiling, the mouth can lie but the eyes can't. Real smiles reach the eyes, crinkling the skin to create crow's feet around them. People often smile to hide what they're really thinking and feeling, so next time you want to know if someone's smile is real, look for crinkles at the comers of their eyes. ②_______________
③_______________ Have you ever been in a meeting with someone and noticed that every time you cross or uncross your legs, they do the same Or perhaps they lean their heads the same way as yours when you're talking That's actually a good sign. It means that the conversation is going well and that the other party accepts your message.
Eyes that lie. Most of us believe that it's difficult to hold someone's gaze(凝视) when they're lying. But that's such common knowledge that people will often try to hold eye contact, hoping to cover up the fact that they're lying. ④_______________ If you're talking with someone whose gaze is making you uncomfortable, something is up and they might be lying to you.
Even if you can't read a person's exact thoughts, you can learn a lot from their body language. ⑤_______________
A. Copying your body language is a good thing.
B. If they aren't there, that smile is hiding something.
C. Good signs lead to good conversations in a meeting.
D. You'll have to find out how long they have looked at you.
E. Learning how to understand that 55% can give you a lot of help.
F. That's especially true when words and body language don't match.
G. The problem is that most of them will hold eye contact until it feels uncomfortable.
12. Body language is a language without spoken words and is therefore called non-verbal communication. We use body language all the time. For instance looking someone in the eye means something different than not looking someone in the eye.
Body language is used especially to express feelings. For instance if we don't like someone, it's often difficult to say that directly to the person. However, we can make it clear through body language. The opposite is also true. People may give their true feelings away by not being aware of their body language. Research has shown that most people pay more attention to, and believe more readily, their impression of how a person acts through body language than what's said through words.
Usually body language occurs unconsciously(无意识地). Yet the body language we use decides to a large extent the quality of our communication. It follows that therefore it would be good to become conscious of our own and others' body language. We can learn to use our body language for a purpose as well as learn to understand and interpret body language of others.
It's important to note that body language has different meanings in different cultures. How we can interpret body language depends on the situation, the culture, the relationship we have with the person as well as the gender of the other. This means that there isn't one signal that has the same meaning all over the world. If you don't take this into account you may get yourself into some serious trouble! Body language is also connected with spoken language and a whole pattern of behaviour of a person. As well as that, various body language signs can complement (补充) each other to make a particular meaning clearer or strengthen the meaning of what we communicate.
1.Why is body language used in our daily life
A.Because body language can get the meaning across better.
B.Because people can communicate without using words.
C.Because sometimes we can't express how we feel easily by words.
D.Because body language makes the atmosphere better.
2.Why should we try to know more about the other's body language
A.To respond with body language.
B.To help the other one feel confident.
C.To make the communication go on smoothly.
D.To make the unconscious communication meaningful.
3.When we interpret a kind of body language, we should remember _________.
A.different cultures present the same meaning
B.it has nothing to do with the spoken language
C.it is only connected with the behaviour patterns
D.its signals have various meanings in different situations
答案以及解析
1.答案：anger
2.答案：barriers
3.答案：inferences
4.答案：identical
解析：考查形容词。句意:事实上,我的观点并不总是和我的父母的观点相同。be identical with..."与……相同"。故填identical。
5.答案：reliable
解析：考查形容词。句意:他不可靠,因为他从不遵守诺言。空处修饰person,故用形容词,reliable表示"可依靠的,可依赖的"。故填reliable。
6.答案：have never heard a better song
解析：根据"我从没有听过更好听的了"可知,此处指"这是我听过的最好听的歌",因此用"否定词+比较级"表示最高级。
7.答案：who are engaged in after-school activities; who are not
解析：分析句子结构可知,这两个空是定语从句,分别修饰students和those,且关系词在从句中作主语,指人。
8.答案：as we believe they are more reliable
解析：根据句意可知,此处是原因状语从句,as引导原因状语从句时表示众所周知的原因。
9.答案：when performing magic
解析：当主句的主语与从句的主语一致,且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时,从句可以使用省略结构。perform与主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用"when + doing"的形式,补充完整为when they were performing magic。
10.答案：has witnessed Chinese export markets increasing fast
解析：分析句子结构可知,Chinese export markets与increase之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故此处应用动词-ing形式作宾补。此处witness作动词讲,意为"见证"。
11.答案：①-⑤EBAGF
解析：①根据上下文可知,一项研究表明, 55%的交流来自肢体语言。下次你参加会面时,观察这些暗示。所以此处起到承上启下的作用。E项"学习如何理解那55% (的肢体语言)可以给你很多帮助"符合语境。故选E。
②根据上文可知,人们经常用微笑来隐藏他们的真实想法和感受,所以下次你想知道某人的微笑是否真实时,寻找他们眼角的皱纹。如果眼角无皱纹,那就说明微笑下隐藏着一些事情。故选B。
③根据本段落介绍的一系列肢体动作内容以及倒数第二句"That's actually a good sign."可知,如果他人模仿你的肢体语言,这说明沟通顺利,是件好事。故选A。
④根据下句"If you're talking with someone whose gaze is making you uncomfortable, something is up and they might be lying to you."可知,如果你和一个人说话,他的凝视让你不舒服,那是出了什么事,他们可能在骗你。G项符合语境。故选 G。
⑤根据上句"Even if you can't read a person's exact thoughts, you can learn a lot from their body language."可知,即使你不能读懂一个人的确切想法,你也可以从他们的肢体语言中学到很多。F项承接上文。故选F。
12.答案：1-3.CCD
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的前三句可知,为了使我们的意思表达清楚,我们经常使用身势语。故选C。
2.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Yet the body language we use decides to a large extent the quality of our communication"可知,身势语很大程度上决定着人与人之间交流的质量,所以为了能让交流更好地进行下去,就应该捕捉并且体会身势语流露出的信息。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"body language has different meanings in different cultures"和"depends on the situation, the culture...the other"可知,D项表述正确。故选D。
2Unit 4 Body Language Reading for Writing—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.I heard Mary suffered from ________ (anxious) when she took an exam recently.
2.His____________(explain) are always difficult to believe.
3.The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed _________(conflict).
知识点2 介词的用法
4.In daily life, we might have some conflicts with our friends and family ________ where to go for holidays.
5.I really felt ashamed ________ failing to lend a hand to my neighbor when he was in need.
【提升能力】
6.你周末的计划不是那么实际，因此我不会同意的。(not that)
_________________________, so I won't agree with you.
7.我看见他在操场上闲逛，一只手插在口袋里。 (with复合结构)
I saw him wandering around the playground _________________________.
8.不管在通往成功的路上会发生什么，我永远都会在你的身边！(whatever)
_________________________, I'll always be at your side!
9.请不要让学生在复习功课时受到打扰。(have + 宾语+宾补)
Please _________________________ while they are reviewing their lessons.
10.尽管他们多年未见，但还是第一眼就认出了彼此。 (while引导让步状语从句)
_________________________, they recognized each other at first sight.
【综合素养】
11. Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot— one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).
Described in science journal Nature, the "Octobot" could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration. "The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots," the study's authors wrote.
Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don't do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren't especially safe around humans, because they're made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.
So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They've taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.
But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, it's still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.
"Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration," Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology's Center for Micro-Bio Robotics, wrote in a comment. "Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and the quality of life."
(1).What's the special feature of "Octobot"
A.It's soft. B.It's made of metal. C.It's very small. D.It looks like an octopus.
(2).What's the disadvantage of traditional robots
A.They're hard to control. B.They're too heavy to move.
C.They can't predict conditions. D.They can't behave well all the time.
(3).One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot's ________.
A.silicone body B.complex components
C.precise movements D.flexible power source
(4).What's the possible application of "Octobot"
A.Medical research. B.Life rescue. C.Machine operation. D.House cleaning.
12. We've all had the experience of wanting to get a project done but putting it off to a later date. So why do we delay things Are we built to operate this way at some times
These questions are central to my research on goal pursuit (追求). It all starts with a simple choice between working now on a given project and doing anything else. The decision to work on something is driven by how much we value accomplishing the project in that moment — what psychologists call its subjective value. And delay, in psychological terms, is what happens when the value of doing something else outweighs the value of working now.
This way of thinking suggests a simple trick to defeat delay. For example, instead of cleaning my house, I might try to focus on why grading papers is personally important to me. It's simple advice, but sticking to this strategy (策略) can be quite difficult.
People are not entirely wise in the way they value things. For example, a dollar bill is worth exactly the same today as it is a week from now, but its subjective value — roughly how good it would feel to own a dollar — depends on other factors besides its face value, such as when we receive it. The tendency for people to devalue money and other goods based on time is called delay discounting. For example, receiving $100 three months from now is worth the same to people as receiving $83 right now. People would rather lose $17 than wait a few months to get a larger reward.
Getting something done is a delayed reward, so its value in the present is reduced: the further away the deadline is, the less attractive it seems to work on the project right now. The tendency to delay things closely follows economic models of delay discounting. One way to manage it is to make the finish line seem closer. For example, vividly imagining a future reward reduces delay discounting.
(1).Which of the following best explains "outweighs" in Paragraph 2
A.Is equal to. B.Is greater than. C.Is involved in. D.Is central to.
(2).What should we do to overcome delay in the author's opinion
A.Avoid setting a deadline too strictly.
B.Consider doing nothing temporarily.
C.Increase the subjective value of working now.
D.Realize great fun of working immediately.
(3).Which proverb can best summarize the theory of delay discounting
A.Time and tide wait for no man.
B.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
C.One of these days is none of these days.
D.Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
(4).What is suggested to deal with delay discounting
A.Asking for nothing in return.
B.Lowering our high expectations.
C.Searching for instant satisfaction.
D.Making future rewards more inviting.
答案以及解析
1.答案：anxiety
2.答案：explanations
解析：考查名词。句意：他的解释总是很难相信。分析句子可知，此处应该用复数名词作主语。故填explanations。
3.答案：conflicts
解析：考查名词。句意：联合国维和部队的目的是维护和平，防止武装冲突。conflict为可数名词，前文没有冠词，说明数量大于一应用复数形式。故填conflicts.
4.答案：over
解析：考查介词。句意:在日常生活中,我们可能会与朋友和家人就去哪里度假这件事发生一些冲突。have conflicts with sb. over sth."就某事与某人有冲突"。故填over。
5.答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意:当我的邻居有困难时,我真的很惭愧没能帮上忙。feel ashamed of表示"对……感到羞愧/惭愧"。故填of。
6.答案：Your plan for the weekend is not that practical
解析：此处是副词短语,not that表示"不那么……"。
7.答案：with a hand in the pocket
解析：此处是"with+宾语+宾补"结构作状语,其中宾语是介词短语。
8.答案：Whatever happens on the way to success
解析：根据句意可知,这里是whatever引导的让步状语从句,此处相当于no matter what。
9.答案：don't have the students disturbed
解析：此处是"have +宾语+宾补"结构。因students与disturb之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词作宾补。
10.答案：While they hadn't met for many years
解析： while引导让步状语从句,表示"尽管",while从句常常放在主句之前。
11.答案：(1)-(4)ADDB
解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第一段中的"robots have been hard, made of metal"以及"...has managed to build an entirely soft robot—one that draws inspiration from an octopus."的对比可知,Octobot机器人的特点是它很柔软。故选A。
(2).推理判断题。根据第三段第一句"Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don't do so well on rough terrains or in unpredictable conditions."以及本段内容可知,传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行,此外,由于沉重的金属部件,传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害,据此可推断出,传统机器人的缺点是他们不能一直表现得很好。故选D。
(3).细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"Even if engineers build a silicone body, it's still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power."可知,即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体,但是制作柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战,比如动力来源。据此可知,最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源。故选D。
(4).细节理解题。从文章最后一段中的"Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration..." 可知,尽管对软体机器人的开发和研究还处于早期阶段,但它适用于诸如搜索救援和探索等任务。故选B。
12.答案：(1)-(4)BCBD
解析：(1).词义猜测题。根据本段内容可知,要去做某件事的决定是被我们在那一刻完成计划的评估驱动的—心理学家称其为某件事的"主观价值"。而拖延从心理学的角度讲,就是当做别的事情的价值大于即刻就工作的价值时发生的情况。故选B。
(2).推理判断题。根据第二段第三、四句"The decision to work on something is driven by how much we value accomplishing the project in that moment—what psychologists call its subjective value. And delay, in psychological terms, is what happens when the value of doing something else outweighs the value of working now."可知,作者认为人们之所以会拖延是因为他们对完成当前工作任务的主观价值评估较低;再结合第三段的内容可推知,人们可以通过提高对自己完成当前工作任务的主观价值评估来克服拖延。故选C。
(3).推理判断题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是"The tendency...receiving $ 100 three months from now is worth the same to people as receiving $ 83 right now. People would rather lose $ 17 than wait a few months to get a larger reward."可知,人们更看重眼前利益,故B项"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.(一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林"符合题干要求。故选B。
(4).细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容,尤其是最后两句"One way to manage it is to make the finish line seem closer. For example, vividly imagining a future reward reduces delay discounting."可知,作者认为应对拖延的一种方式就是让终点线看上去更近。比如说,生动地想象未来的奖赏会减少延迟折扣。故选D。
2Unit 4 Body Language Discovering Useful Structures—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1._________(try) and error leads to the finding of truth.
2.The doctor made an ________ (assess) of the damage and said he must have an operation immediately.
知识点2 形容词的用法
3.He had developed a ____(slightly) American accent.
知识点3 动名词的用法
4.Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.
5.Jack said that he wouldn't mind _____ (wait) for us.
【提升能力】
6.I __________________.
我承认犯了一个严重的错误。
7.I found __________________.
我发现和他争论没用。
8.It is worthwhile ___________________.
在教育上多花钱是值得的。
9._____________________ can enlarge your vocabulary.
每天记一些新单词可以扩大你的词汇量。
10.Mr Jones decided to walk to the university ______________.
琼斯先生决定步行去大学而不坐出租车。
【综合素养】
11. When choosing your dream career, it is important that you first know yourself well. The best way to begin is through self-exploration which will allow you to uncover more about your personal interests, skills, personality, and values. ①_________
Interests are important considerations when choosing a career. By focusing on your interests, you can determine which career options would provide you with the highest satisfaction and a sense of enjoyment. ②_________ Job satisfaction contributes to a positive attitude at work, which in turn will affect your chances of gaining success in your career.
The next thing you have to consider is the skills you own. ③_________ These skills can be either hard or soft skills. And you need to determine which of those skills are transferable (可转移的). Transferable skills are not specific to one job, so you can apply them to a variety of different jobs. Having the right skill set is the key that opens a whole new field of career possibilities for you. You may even be surprised at the number of career options that are a good fit with the skills you currently have.
④_________ You will need to assess (评定) your individual personality, motivational drive, needs and attitudes to find a career that has the best fit with your personality. For example, a salesperson generally needs to be naturally outgoing.
Another important element (要素) to consider in your decision when choosing a dream career is your values. ⑤_________ And the scale of your values is based on your attitudes and beliefs about what is important in life.
A. Values are linked to your beliefs.
B. What are the things you are good at
C. Interests are also important for your choice.
D. Choosing a dream career will have an influence on your skills.
E. If you enjoy your job, you will be more motivated to do your job well.
F. One or more of these elements may have a great influence on your choice of careers.
G. It is equally important that you take your personality into account when choosing your dream career.
12. Here are some tips for you to get along with your teachers.
Show respect. ①_________ You may not always agree with them and you may not always feel like settling down and paying attention in class, but you do need to show that you can give a basic level of care and respect towards adults.
Learn to listen. Listening is a learnt skill and one that is very important during your high school years. ②_________ Your eye contact will also help demonstrate your attention. You will also miss out on valuable information and instructions if you don't listen.
③_________ You will not always understand everything that you see and hear in class. If you are unsure about something or a task that needs to be completed, speak to your teacher about it. Ask the questions. If the teacher is too busy, ask to arrange a suitable time that you can ask the questions you need for further clarification.
Never gossip (传播流言)about your teacher. Spreading gossip means talking about someone behind his or her back.
④_________ Live by the rule to never say anything about someone that you wouldn't be comfortable saying to one's face. If you hear a rumour about a teacher, do not pass it on! ⑤_________
A. Seek further explanation.
B. Always do what the teachers tell you to do.
C. Show respect for your teachers at all times.
D. It's really important that you don't make it personal.
E. It's all hurtful, no matter how serious you might think.
F. It is also a sign of respect for your teacher when you listen.
G. It would be better to speak to someone else in authority, such as your class teacher.
答案以及解析
1.答案：Trial
解析：考查名词。句意：反复试验可以发现真理。and连接两个并列的名词作主语，使用try的名词trial（试验）合乎句意的需要，trial and error是固定表达，意为：反复试验/试错法。故填Trial。
2.答案：assessment
解析：考查名词。句意：医生对损伤作了评估，说他必须马上动手术。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少made的宾语，an后面搭配名词单数。assess的名词形式为assessment。故填assessment。
3.答案：slight
解析：考查形容词。句意：他已经有轻微的美国口音了，修饰后文名词accent应用形容词slight，作定语。故填slight。
4.答案：noting
解析：句意：科学家通过指出饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住地做出回应。by是介词，后面应接名词或者动名词作宾语。故填noting。
5.答案：waiting
6.答案：admitted making a serious mistake
7.答案：it useless arguing with him
8.答案：spending much money on education
9.答案：Remembering some new words every day
10.答案：instead of taking a taxi
11.答案：FEBGA
解析：本文主要说明了深入地认识自己对事业的选择的影响。
①根据上文内容可以知道这里是指前面提及的一个或多个因素会影响你对事业的选择。故选F。
②从本段主旨句可知,这里主要讲的是兴趣对事业选择的重要性。再根据空前内容及空后的"Job satisfaction contributes to a positive attitude at work"可知,兴趣会带来愉悦感,如果你享受你的工作,你就会有动力做好。故选E。
③根据空前一句话并结合选项可知,这里是问你对什么比较擅长。故选B。
④本空是本段主旨句,下文主要讲的是个人性格对事业选择的重要性。故选G。
⑤根据本段主旨句可知,本段主要是讲价值观。再根据空后一句可知。故选A。
12.答案：CFAEG
解析：①本部分的小标题是"尊重老师",C项"时刻尊重你的老师"与标题一致,而且能引出下文。故选C。
②根据上文提到的"Listening is a learnt skill..."可知,F项符合语境。故选F。
③根据下文的"你如果对需要完成的某件事或某项任务不确定,就去跟你的老师谈谈"可知,A项"寻求进一步的解释"可作为本段的小标题。故选A。
④本段的小标题是"决不要传播与老师有关的流言",紧接着是对传播流言的解释,E项是传播流言的危害。故选E。
⑤根据上文的"你如果听到与老师有关的流言,不要传播"可知,所填的应该是具体的做法。G项"最好和有权威的人谈一下,比如你的班主任"符合语境。故选G。
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