广东省江门市新会区2023-2024学年高三上学期8月开学考试
一、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
完形填空
Laura encourages her two kids to make crafts and drawings from old bits of packaging. She began 1． her family's waste when she moved house and decided that she would leave all single-use 2． behind.
"It's cheaper and you know that the item will 3． being used instead of being set aside — so it's just perfect! Each of us play a big 4． in taking care of the environment. It's 5． to try to help rather than just keep complaining about the current situation."
Any glass container is 6． and repurposed for something else. This means that the family only send a piece of 7． to landfill every two weeks on average. She tries not to buy any plastic at all, but when she does, she will get it 8． washed and recycled.
The family also grow their own tomatoes, lettuce, and some other vegetables in the garden, and have orange trees outdoors. Laura has also 9． herself in a community of friends who 10． items with each other that they need, like furniture or plates.
She said, "We tried to use the minimum 11． and take over some toys and baby equipment from friends and relatives. If we really had to 12． anything, first we tried at the 13． market."
To help educate her kids, Laura takes them out on nature walks to the forest where they 14． rubbish as they go. "They enjoy this 15． , because they know it's better for the environment," she said.
1．A． considering B． reducing C． analyzing D． dividing
2．A． pot B． handle C． item D． collections
3．A． continue B． sto C． fancy D． delay
4．A． game B． lead C． match D． role
5．A． original B． enjoyable C． cautiou D． normal
6．A． attended to B． left out
C． washed u D． taken away
7．A． equipment B． furniture C． gla D． rubbish
8．A． thoroughly B． delightedly C． modestly D． accidentally
9．A． devoted B． found C． exposed D． buried
10．A． share B． trade C． discu D． clarify
11．A． necessary B． valuable C． ordinary D． possible
12．A． purchase B． discover C． approach D． preserve
13．A． far-away B． duty-free C． second-hand D． life-long
14．A． pull out B． pick u C． hold back D． keep off
15．A． activity B． idea C． theme D． jungle
二、阅读理解 第一节(共14小题;每小题2.5分，满分35分)
阅读理解
Rachel Hore's fascinating novels move between the past and the present. Her latest The House on Bellevue Gardens is set in London now and in the early 1960s.
Best-selling author Rachel Hore's previous novels include The Glass Painter's Daughter, which was shortlisted(入围) for the 2010 Romantic Novel of the Year award, and A Gathering Storm, which was shortlisted for the 2012 Historical Novel of the Year award.
Here, she shares three books that made an impact on her life.
Orlando
by Virginia Woolf
Reading Orlando for the first time in my late teens gave me a wonderful sense of freedom and the possibilities that a life full of books can offer. Forever youngOrlando possesses "the strength of a man and a woman's grace".
He lives through four centuries and has many disguises; sometimes he even changes his gender.
It was an excellent literary work through history that excited and inspired me.
Flight Behaviour
by Barbara Kingsolver
I've read many of Barbara Kingsolver's novels, including her well-known The Poisonwood Bible, admiring how easily she writes about the power and beauty of the natural world, of which humanity is a dependent part.
I particularly love Flight Behaviour because she engages the reader easily with an ambitious subject for fiction — climate change.
Her story makes us all care about what we are doing to our world.
The Hawk in the Rain
by Ted Hughes
We were given The Thought Fox to read at school and I was so deeply impressed with its central image of the fox in the snow inspiring the poem that I spent that week's money on the book it appears in. I read and re-read it and was amazed!
I loved the writer's technique of description, as well as the energy, the violence and the sensuousness (敏感) of those poems.
Everyone should have their ‘discovery of poetry' moment, and mine was Ted Hughes.
16．Which of the following books was shortlisted for the 2012 Historical Novel of the Year award
A．The House on Bellevue Gardens.
B．The Glass Painter's Daughter.
C．A Gathering Storm.
D．Flight Behaviour.
17．Which book did Rachel Hore read when she was in her late teens
A．Flight Behaviour. B．Orlando.
C．The Poisonwood Bible. D．The Hawk in the Rain.
18．For what does Rachel Hore admire Barbara Kingsolver
A．The topic of her novel.
B．How she writes about the power and beauty of the natural world.
C．How her novels excite and inspire readers.
D．Her technique of description.
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
19．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.
20．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.
21．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
22．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
阅读理解
Improvements to energy efficiency, such as LED lights, are seen by many authorities as a top priority for cutting carbon emissions. Yet a growing body of research suggests that a rebound effect could wipe out more than half of the savings from energy efficiency improvements, making the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change even harder to hit.
A team led by Paul Brockway at the University of Leeds, UK, looked at the existing 33 studies on the impact of the rebound effect. First comes the direct rebound: for instance, when someone buys a more efficient car, they may take advantage of that by driving it further. Then comes the indirect rebound: fuel savings leave the owner with more money to spend elsewhere in the economy, consuming energy.
Although the 33 studies used different methods to model the rebound effect, they produced very consistent estimates of its impact, leading the team to conclude that the effect wipes out, on average, 63 percent of the anticipated energy savings.
"We're not saying energy efficiency doesn't work. What we're saying is rebound needs to be taken more seriously," says Brockway.
The idea that increased efficiency may not deliver the hoped-for savings dates back to the Jevons paradox(悖论), named after the economist William Stanley Jevons, who, in 1865, observed that more efficient coal use led to more demand for coal.
If the rebound effect does prove to be as big as suggested, it means future global energy demand will be higher than expected and the world will need far more wind and solar power and carbon-capture technology than is currently being planned for.
But that doesn't mean nothing can be done to limit the rebound effect. One answer is to double down on energy efficiency and do twice as much to achieve the same effect.
23．Which of the following is a rebound effect
A．A man uses LED lights to cut carbon emissions.
B．A company uses coal more efficiently to reduce waste.
C．A family saves money by using energy-saving devices.
D．A lady spends savings from her fuel efficient car on more clothes.
24．How did Paul Brockway's team carry out their research
A．By interviewing economists.
B．By analyzing former studies.
C．By modeling the rebound effect.
D．By debating about the Jevons paradox.
25．What would Paul Brockway probably agree with
A．Authorities should dismiss energy efficiency.
B．Worldwide efforts to preserve energy are in vain.
C．The rebound effect helps protect the environment.
D．More attention should be paid to the rebound effect.
（2021高三下·长沙月考）阅读理解
Video
calls are a common occurrence, but have you imagined being able to touch the
person on the other end of the line Scientists are making this a reality.
Researchers
at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin
stretch device (SSD), a haptic (触觉的) device
that can recreate the sense of touch. Haptic technology mimics (模仿) the experience of touch by stimulating small areas of the skin in
ways that are similar to what is felt in the real world, through force, vibration
(震动) or motion.
Vibration
is the most common haptic technology today and has been built into many
electronic devices, such as one attached to the back of a trackpad (触控板) in laptops, which mimics a button clicking. However, haptic
feedback with vibration becomes less sensitive when used continuously. The
existing technology also has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch
with objects in virtual environments or located remotely, according to Mai
Thanh Thai, lead author of the study.
The
new technology overcomes issues with existing haptic devices. The research team
introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft, artificial
"muscles".
"Our
three-way directional skin stretch device, built into the fingertips of the
wearable haptic glove we also created, is like wearing a second skin — it's
soft, stretchable and mimics the sense of touch — and will enable new forms of
haptic communication to enhance everyday activities, " said Thanh Nho Do, senior
author of the study.
It
works like this: Imagine you are at home and you call your friend who is in
Australia. You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend also wears a
glove with integrated (集成的) 3D
force sensors. If your friend picks up an object, it will physically press
against your friend's fingers. And his/her glove with 3D force sensors will
measure these interactions. The force signals can be sent to your glove so your
device will generate the same 3D forces, making you experience the same sense
of touch as your friend.
The
haptic devices could be applied in various scenarios, allowing users to feel
objects inside a virtual world or at a distance. This could be especially
beneficial during such times like the COVID-19 pandemic when people rely on
video calls to stay connected with loved ones. Or it could be used in medical
practices. Doctors can feel a patient's organ tissues with surgical tools
without touching them.
26．What's the main purpose of the text
A．To encourage the use of a new product.
B．To inform readers of a new invention.
C．To compare different haptic devices.
D．To introduce the development of haptic technology.
27．What can we learn about the SSD
A．It mimics the sense of touch through a trackpad.
B．It mainly uses vibration technology.
C．It takes the shape of a glove.
D．It makes virtual haptic communication possible.
28．What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about
A．The advantages of the new haptic glove.
B．The applications of the new haptic technology.
C．An explanation of how the haptic device works.
D．A personal experience of using SSDs during a video call.
29．How could the new haptic device benefit people
A．It could replace video calls as a way to communicate.
B．it could be used for recreating organ tissues.
C．Doctors could perform surgeries at once.
D．Users could feel remote objects in a realistic way.
三、阅读理解 第二节 七选五 (共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
任务型阅读
Choosing a career is one of those important decisions that can change the course of your life. 30． Ample information and self-examination can help you choose a satisfying career that you will enjoy for years to come. If you feel confused about picking a career, you're not alone. We're here to help!
Evaluate your work style. The right career for you will be suited to your work style. Do you need the discipline of a structured work environment to do your best 31． There are, of course, other factors that affect your job performance. But, your natural work style plays a big role.
Identify your skills. Every career requires a different skill set. Sales managers need great leadership skills, and teachers need to be able to communicate effectively with both students and parents. 32． List every talent and skill you have, even if it doesn't seem like it will help you get a job.
33． What do you want out of a career Do you want to help other people Do you want to travel How much money do you want to make Of course, what you want to achieve often changes over time, and things that were once extremely important become less so.
Remember that things can change. There are a million "Best Careers" lists out there that will say you should have a certain career because you will make a certain amount of money with it. 34． There might be a lot of demand for a job now, but what about in 10years Don't choose a job just because it's number one on a list somewhere. Things can change over time, and the job that was once number one might end up not even making the list a few years from now.
A. Determine your goals.
B. It deserves considerable time and reflection.
C. Take some time to figure out what you're good at.
D. Ask questions about the advantages and disadvantages of the job.
E. Or do you like setting your own schedule and work independently
F. However, there's no way to totally guarantee job security and stability.
G. Are you willing and able to put in that time and the money that comes with it
四、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Singing is one of those universal actions that everyone can do for fun, regardless of how they sound. According to recent studies 35． (conduct) at Goethe University Frankfurt, singing can be actually helpful to your immune system. The study focused 36． a group of people who sang in a professional choir and discovered that the amount of proteins in the blood that function as antibodies(抗体) was 37． (obvious) higher after singing, so people involved in music could be less likely 38． (get) sick.
Singing actually is the perfect physical exercise for people who are injured, disabled or elderly. Not only 39． (do) singing help increase your lung capacity, but it helps stimulate circulation. This can lead to better results when people hit the gym thanks to the person's increased aerobic(有氧的) capacity and newfound physical or mental strength.
The simple truth is that singing makes you happy. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), a chemical 40． reduces pain and makes you feel 41． (happy) and less stressed. People who sing, especially in choirs and on the stage are known to have better social skills and be loss lonely. 42． (stand) on the stage and performing can be tough, 43． when you do it in a group, it can help improve your sense of self as well as increase your 44． (confident).
五、词形变化 用括号里单词的适当形式填空。(共10个空，每空1.25分，满分1-2.5分)
45． She put all her (energy) into her work.(所给词的适当形式填空)
46． The public kept (complain) about the increase in the cost of health insurance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
47． The room still has many of its (origin) features. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48． Over the next several (decade), she held many important positions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49． The legendary Dragon Gate was built using (material) donated from China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50． Tokyo and New York are major (finance) centres.（用所给词的适当形式填空）
51． In recent years, they (reflect) people's wishes and faiths. (所给词的适当形式填空)
52． I (absolute) enjoyed the archery, too. (所给词的适当形式填空)
53． The exact (location) are being kept secret for reasons of security. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54． With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he found the animals and (approach) them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
六、写作 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
55．假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom来信和你讨论他对太空探索的看法，他认为花巨资探索太空是没有必要的，请你据此给他写一封回信。内容包括：(1)你对他观点的看法；(2)你对太空探索的看法和理由。
注意：(1)词数80左右;(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear Tom,
I have known your ideas about exploring space.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
七、写作 第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
56．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The easy way out isn't always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat my father to a special meal. I glanced through the cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time, I started on it as soon as he left for work.
As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Dad loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn't have to face him laughing at my work.
I went on preparing the rest of the meal, and, when Dad got home, we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing.
Looking out, I saw Dad standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in the rubbish bin. Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder.
Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the. fermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. I had to admit what the "living thing" was and why it was there. I don't know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing, Dad or me.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My dad tapped me gently on the shoulder, and we went inside.
At a party three months later, everyone wanted to try my bread.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B；2．C；3．A；4．D；5．B；6．C；7．D；8．A；9．B；10．B；11．D；12．A；13．C；14．B；15．A
【知识点】环境保护类；学习教育类；记叙文
【答案】16．C
17．B
18．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；人物传记类；文学艺术类
【答案】19．C
20．D
21．B
22．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了约翰利用大自然的自我修复能力，设计实验、验证试验、付诸实施的过程。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
19．段落大意题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems观察大自然如何解决问题”和“John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making约翰开始怀疑这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱”以及第二段中的“asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals 问问题。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌 哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质 ”，可知约翰喜欢提问，故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it生态机器里的动植物把污泥当作食物，开始吃起来”，可知约翰给容器里放入污泥的目的是为了对生态机器进行测试，故选D。
21．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作”，可知该段提到福州是为了证明约翰的想法在实践中起到了很大的作用，故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段中约翰的原话“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式”，可知约翰的工作的基础是大自然的自我修复能力，故选A。
【答案】23．D
24．B
25．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；新闻报道类；科普类；环境保护类
【答案】26．B
27．D
28．C
29．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家正在使视频通话能够触碰到电话另一端的人成为现实。这一项技术将会利用在方方面面，造福于人类。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
26．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic (触觉的) device that can recreate the sense of touch.”澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软皮肤拉伸设备，这是一种可以重现触觉的触觉设备，下文讲述了该设备的工作原理和应用，所以本文的目的是介绍一项发明。故选B。
27．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Scientists are making this a reality.”以及第二段中的“Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic(触觉的) device that can recreate the sense of touch.”澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软皮肤拉伸设备(SSD)，这是一种可以重现触觉的触觉设备。可知，SSD可使虚拟触觉通信成为可能。故选D。
28．考查段落大意。根据第六段中的“It works like this:”可知，这段主要是解释触觉设备的工作原理。故选C。
29．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The haptic devices could be applied in various scenarios, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance.”可知，触觉设备可以应用在各种场景中，允许用户感受虚拟世界中的物体或者远距离的物体。故选D。
【答案】30．B；31．E；32．C；33．A；34．F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【答案】35．conducted；36．on/upon；37．obviously；38．to get；39．does；40．which/that；41．happier；42．Standing；43．but；44．confidence
【知识点】说明文；科普类；学习教育类
45．【答案】energies
【知识点】可数名词
46．【答案】complaining
【知识点】分词
47．【答案】original
【知识点】形容词的用法
48．【答案】decades
【知识点】可数名词
49．【答案】materials
【知识点】可数名词
50．【答案】financial
【知识点】形容词的用法
51．【答案】have reflected
【知识点】现在完成时
52．【答案】absolutely
【知识点】副词的用法
53．【答案】locations
【知识点】主谓一致；可数名词
54．【答案】approached
【知识点】一般过去时
55．【答案】Dear Tom,
I have known your ideas about exploring space. I didn't agree that exploring space is a waste of time and money. Actually, it's more important than you can imagine.
The space technology can help to improve the techniques in other fields. With the help of satellites, GPS is widely used all over the world. Besides, space technology represents a country's scientific and technological level. Last but not least, exploring space helps us to think the future of mankind.
In short, exploring space is so important that we should continue this great project.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
56．【答案】My dad tapped me gently on the shoulder, and we went inside. Sitting back to our Cornish chicken, Dad, smilingly, updated me on recent events at his work without a mere mention of the crazy dough wildly dancing outside, which served wonderfully as a gentle embarrassment reliever. However, while doing the dishes after dinner, Dad said to me with firmness in his voice, "You don't have to be an expert to make bread, but you do have to do your research before taking actions. There is no such thing as an easy way out." And that was the starting point of my journey with making the perfect bread.
At a party three months later, everyone wanted to try my bread. The rest of the night slipped away, filled with inquiries about my secret recipe. Yet, hardly was there a different answer other than, "Beauty comes from balance and patience." To be frank, that was exactly what I'd learnt during my numerous experiments. An amazing loaf of bread required suitable balance of ingredients to mix as well as enormous patience of waiting for the dough to rise. Countless were my failures to make tasty bread, every single moment of it was cherished. Along the journey, I've developed from the man whose dough sighs in a dustbin to the man whose bread makes your taste but dance.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写；故事阅读类；学习教育类；记叙文
1 / 1广东省江门市新会区2023-2024学年高三上学期8月开学考试
一、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
完形填空
Laura encourages her two kids to make crafts and drawings from old bits of packaging. She began 1． her family's waste when she moved house and decided that she would leave all single-use 2． behind.
"It's cheaper and you know that the item will 3． being used instead of being set aside — so it's just perfect! Each of us play a big 4． in taking care of the environment. It's 5． to try to help rather than just keep complaining about the current situation."
Any glass container is 6． and repurposed for something else. This means that the family only send a piece of 7． to landfill every two weeks on average. She tries not to buy any plastic at all, but when she does, she will get it 8． washed and recycled.
The family also grow their own tomatoes, lettuce, and some other vegetables in the garden, and have orange trees outdoors. Laura has also 9． herself in a community of friends who 10． items with each other that they need, like furniture or plates.
She said, "We tried to use the minimum 11． and take over some toys and baby equipment from friends and relatives. If we really had to 12． anything, first we tried at the 13． market."
To help educate her kids, Laura takes them out on nature walks to the forest where they 14． rubbish as they go. "They enjoy this 15． , because they know it's better for the environment," she said.
1．A． considering B． reducing C． analyzing D． dividing
2．A． pot B． handle C． item D． collections
3．A． continue B． sto C． fancy D． delay
4．A． game B． lead C． match D． role
5．A． original B． enjoyable C． cautiou D． normal
6．A． attended to B． left out
C． washed u D． taken away
7．A． equipment B． furniture C． gla D． rubbish
8．A． thoroughly B． delightedly C． modestly D． accidentally
9．A． devoted B． found C． exposed D． buried
10．A． share B． trade C． discu D． clarify
11．A． necessary B． valuable C． ordinary D． possible
12．A． purchase B． discover C． approach D． preserve
13．A． far-away B． duty-free C． second-hand D． life-long
14．A． pull out B． pick u C． hold back D． keep off
15．A． activity B． idea C． theme D． jungle
【答案】1．B；2．C；3．A；4．D；5．B；6．C；7．D；8．A；9．B；10．B；11．D；12．A；13．C；14．B；15．A
【知识点】环境保护类；学习教育类；记叙文
二、阅读理解 第一节(共14小题;每小题2.5分，满分35分)
阅读理解
Rachel Hore's fascinating novels move between the past and the present. Her latest The House on Bellevue Gardens is set in London now and in the early 1960s.
Best-selling author Rachel Hore's previous novels include The Glass Painter's Daughter, which was shortlisted(入围) for the 2010 Romantic Novel of the Year award, and A Gathering Storm, which was shortlisted for the 2012 Historical Novel of the Year award.
Here, she shares three books that made an impact on her life.
Orlando
by Virginia Woolf
Reading Orlando for the first time in my late teens gave me a wonderful sense of freedom and the possibilities that a life full of books can offer. Forever youngOrlando possesses "the strength of a man and a woman's grace".
He lives through four centuries and has many disguises; sometimes he even changes his gender.
It was an excellent literary work through history that excited and inspired me.
Flight Behaviour
by Barbara Kingsolver
I've read many of Barbara Kingsolver's novels, including her well-known The Poisonwood Bible, admiring how easily she writes about the power and beauty of the natural world, of which humanity is a dependent part.
I particularly love Flight Behaviour because she engages the reader easily with an ambitious subject for fiction — climate change.
Her story makes us all care about what we are doing to our world.
The Hawk in the Rain
by Ted Hughes
We were given The Thought Fox to read at school and I was so deeply impressed with its central image of the fox in the snow inspiring the poem that I spent that week's money on the book it appears in. I read and re-read it and was amazed!
I loved the writer's technique of description, as well as the energy, the violence and the sensuousness (敏感) of those poems.
Everyone should have their ‘discovery of poetry' moment, and mine was Ted Hughes.
16．Which of the following books was shortlisted for the 2012 Historical Novel of the Year award
A．The House on Bellevue Gardens.
B．The Glass Painter's Daughter.
C．A Gathering Storm.
D．Flight Behaviour.
17．Which book did Rachel Hore read when she was in her late teens
A．Flight Behaviour. B．Orlando.
C．The Poisonwood Bible. D．The Hawk in the Rain.
18．For what does Rachel Hore admire Barbara Kingsolver
A．The topic of her novel.
B．How she writes about the power and beauty of the natural world.
C．How her novels excite and inspire readers.
D．Her technique of description.
【答案】16．C
17．B
18．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；人物传记类；文学艺术类
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
19．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.
20．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.
21．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
22．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】19．C
20．D
21．B
22．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了约翰利用大自然的自我修复能力，设计实验、验证试验、付诸实施的过程。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
19．段落大意题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems观察大自然如何解决问题”和“John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making约翰开始怀疑这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱”以及第二段中的“asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals 问问题。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌 哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质 ”，可知约翰喜欢提问，故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it生态机器里的动植物把污泥当作食物，开始吃起来”，可知约翰给容器里放入污泥的目的是为了对生态机器进行测试，故选D。
21．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作”，可知该段提到福州是为了证明约翰的想法在实践中起到了很大的作用，故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段中约翰的原话“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式”，可知约翰的工作的基础是大自然的自我修复能力，故选A。
阅读理解
Improvements to energy efficiency, such as LED lights, are seen by many authorities as a top priority for cutting carbon emissions. Yet a growing body of research suggests that a rebound effect could wipe out more than half of the savings from energy efficiency improvements, making the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change even harder to hit.
A team led by Paul Brockway at the University of Leeds, UK, looked at the existing 33 studies on the impact of the rebound effect. First comes the direct rebound: for instance, when someone buys a more efficient car, they may take advantage of that by driving it further. Then comes the indirect rebound: fuel savings leave the owner with more money to spend elsewhere in the economy, consuming energy.
Although the 33 studies used different methods to model the rebound effect, they produced very consistent estimates of its impact, leading the team to conclude that the effect wipes out, on average, 63 percent of the anticipated energy savings.
"We're not saying energy efficiency doesn't work. What we're saying is rebound needs to be taken more seriously," says Brockway.
The idea that increased efficiency may not deliver the hoped-for savings dates back to the Jevons paradox(悖论), named after the economist William Stanley Jevons, who, in 1865, observed that more efficient coal use led to more demand for coal.
If the rebound effect does prove to be as big as suggested, it means future global energy demand will be higher than expected and the world will need far more wind and solar power and carbon-capture technology than is currently being planned for.
But that doesn't mean nothing can be done to limit the rebound effect. One answer is to double down on energy efficiency and do twice as much to achieve the same effect.
23．Which of the following is a rebound effect
A．A man uses LED lights to cut carbon emissions.
B．A company uses coal more efficiently to reduce waste.
C．A family saves money by using energy-saving devices.
D．A lady spends savings from her fuel efficient car on more clothes.
24．How did Paul Brockway's team carry out their research
A．By interviewing economists.
B．By analyzing former studies.
C．By modeling the rebound effect.
D．By debating about the Jevons paradox.
25．What would Paul Brockway probably agree with
A．Authorities should dismiss energy efficiency.
B．Worldwide efforts to preserve energy are in vain.
C．The rebound effect helps protect the environment.
D．More attention should be paid to the rebound effect.
【答案】23．D
24．B
25．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；新闻报道类；科普类；环境保护类
（2021高三下·长沙月考）阅读理解
Video
calls are a common occurrence, but have you imagined being able to touch the
person on the other end of the line Scientists are making this a reality.
Researchers
at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin
stretch device (SSD), a haptic (触觉的) device
that can recreate the sense of touch. Haptic technology mimics (模仿) the experience of touch by stimulating small areas of the skin in
ways that are similar to what is felt in the real world, through force, vibration
(震动) or motion.
Vibration
is the most common haptic technology today and has been built into many
electronic devices, such as one attached to the back of a trackpad (触控板) in laptops, which mimics a button clicking. However, haptic
feedback with vibration becomes less sensitive when used continuously. The
existing technology also has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch
with objects in virtual environments or located remotely, according to Mai
Thanh Thai, lead author of the study.
The
new technology overcomes issues with existing haptic devices. The research team
introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft, artificial
"muscles".
"Our
three-way directional skin stretch device, built into the fingertips of the
wearable haptic glove we also created, is like wearing a second skin — it's
soft, stretchable and mimics the sense of touch — and will enable new forms of
haptic communication to enhance everyday activities, " said Thanh Nho Do, senior
author of the study.
It
works like this: Imagine you are at home and you call your friend who is in
Australia. You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend also wears a
glove with integrated (集成的) 3D
force sensors. If your friend picks up an object, it will physically press
against your friend's fingers. And his/her glove with 3D force sensors will
measure these interactions. The force signals can be sent to your glove so your
device will generate the same 3D forces, making you experience the same sense
of touch as your friend.
The
haptic devices could be applied in various scenarios, allowing users to feel
objects inside a virtual world or at a distance. This could be especially
beneficial during such times like the COVID-19 pandemic when people rely on
video calls to stay connected with loved ones. Or it could be used in medical
practices. Doctors can feel a patient's organ tissues with surgical tools
without touching them.
26．What's the main purpose of the text
A．To encourage the use of a new product.
B．To inform readers of a new invention.
C．To compare different haptic devices.
D．To introduce the development of haptic technology.
27．What can we learn about the SSD
A．It mimics the sense of touch through a trackpad.
B．It mainly uses vibration technology.
C．It takes the shape of a glove.
D．It makes virtual haptic communication possible.
28．What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about
A．The advantages of the new haptic glove.
B．The applications of the new haptic technology.
C．An explanation of how the haptic device works.
D．A personal experience of using SSDs during a video call.
29．How could the new haptic device benefit people
A．It could replace video calls as a way to communicate.
B．it could be used for recreating organ tissues.
C．Doctors could perform surgeries at once.
D．Users could feel remote objects in a realistic way.
【答案】26．B
27．D
28．C
29．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家正在使视频通话能够触碰到电话另一端的人成为现实。这一项技术将会利用在方方面面，造福于人类。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
26．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic (触觉的) device that can recreate the sense of touch.”澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软皮肤拉伸设备，这是一种可以重现触觉的触觉设备，下文讲述了该设备的工作原理和应用，所以本文的目的是介绍一项发明。故选B。
27．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Scientists are making this a reality.”以及第二段中的“Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic(触觉的) device that can recreate the sense of touch.”澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软皮肤拉伸设备(SSD)，这是一种可以重现触觉的触觉设备。可知，SSD可使虚拟触觉通信成为可能。故选D。
28．考查段落大意。根据第六段中的“It works like this:”可知，这段主要是解释触觉设备的工作原理。故选C。
29．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The haptic devices could be applied in various scenarios, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance.”可知，触觉设备可以应用在各种场景中，允许用户感受虚拟世界中的物体或者远距离的物体。故选D。
三、阅读理解 第二节 七选五 (共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
任务型阅读
Choosing a career is one of those important decisions that can change the course of your life. 30． Ample information and self-examination can help you choose a satisfying career that you will enjoy for years to come. If you feel confused about picking a career, you're not alone. We're here to help!
Evaluate your work style. The right career for you will be suited to your work style. Do you need the discipline of a structured work environment to do your best 31． There are, of course, other factors that affect your job performance. But, your natural work style plays a big role.
Identify your skills. Every career requires a different skill set. Sales managers need great leadership skills, and teachers need to be able to communicate effectively with both students and parents. 32． List every talent and skill you have, even if it doesn't seem like it will help you get a job.
33． What do you want out of a career Do you want to help other people Do you want to travel How much money do you want to make Of course, what you want to achieve often changes over time, and things that were once extremely important become less so.
Remember that things can change. There are a million "Best Careers" lists out there that will say you should have a certain career because you will make a certain amount of money with it. 34． There might be a lot of demand for a job now, but what about in 10years Don't choose a job just because it's number one on a list somewhere. Things can change over time, and the job that was once number one might end up not even making the list a few years from now.
A. Determine your goals.
B. It deserves considerable time and reflection.
C. Take some time to figure out what you're good at.
D. Ask questions about the advantages and disadvantages of the job.
E. Or do you like setting your own schedule and work independently
F. However, there's no way to totally guarantee job security and stability.
G. Are you willing and able to put in that time and the money that comes with it
【答案】30．B；31．E；32．C；33．A；34．F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
四、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Singing is one of those universal actions that everyone can do for fun, regardless of how they sound. According to recent studies 35． (conduct) at Goethe University Frankfurt, singing can be actually helpful to your immune system. The study focused 36． a group of people who sang in a professional choir and discovered that the amount of proteins in the blood that function as antibodies(抗体) was 37． (obvious) higher after singing, so people involved in music could be less likely 38． (get) sick.
Singing actually is the perfect physical exercise for people who are injured, disabled or elderly. Not only 39． (do) singing help increase your lung capacity, but it helps stimulate circulation. This can lead to better results when people hit the gym thanks to the person's increased aerobic(有氧的) capacity and newfound physical or mental strength.
The simple truth is that singing makes you happy. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), a chemical 40． reduces pain and makes you feel 41． (happy) and less stressed. People who sing, especially in choirs and on the stage are known to have better social skills and be loss lonely. 42． (stand) on the stage and performing can be tough, 43． when you do it in a group, it can help improve your sense of self as well as increase your 44． (confident).
【答案】35．conducted；36．on/upon；37．obviously；38．to get；39．does；40．which/that；41．happier；42．Standing；43．but；44．confidence
【知识点】说明文；科普类；学习教育类
五、词形变化 用括号里单词的适当形式填空。(共10个空，每空1.25分，满分1-2.5分)
45． She put all her (energy) into her work.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】energies
【知识点】可数名词
46． The public kept (complain) about the increase in the cost of health insurance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】complaining
【知识点】分词
47． The room still has many of its (origin) features. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】original
【知识点】形容词的用法
48． Over the next several (decade), she held many important positions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】decades
【知识点】可数名词
49． The legendary Dragon Gate was built using (material) donated from China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】materials
【知识点】可数名词
50． Tokyo and New York are major (finance) centres.（用所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】financial
【知识点】形容词的用法
51． In recent years, they (reflect) people's wishes and faiths. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have reflected
【知识点】现在完成时
52． I (absolute) enjoyed the archery, too. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absolutely
【知识点】副词的用法
53． The exact (location) are being kept secret for reasons of security. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】locations
【知识点】主谓一致；可数名词
54． With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he found the animals and (approach) them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】approached
【知识点】一般过去时
六、写作 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
55．假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom来信和你讨论他对太空探索的看法，他认为花巨资探索太空是没有必要的，请你据此给他写一封回信。内容包括：(1)你对他观点的看法；(2)你对太空探索的看法和理由。
注意：(1)词数80左右;(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear Tom,
I have known your ideas about exploring space.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
I have known your ideas about exploring space. I didn't agree that exploring space is a waste of time and money. Actually, it's more important than you can imagine.
The space technology can help to improve the techniques in other fields. With the help of satellites, GPS is widely used all over the world. Besides, space technology represents a country's scientific and technological level. Last but not least, exploring space helps us to think the future of mankind.
In short, exploring space is so important that we should continue this great project.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
七、写作 第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
56．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The easy way out isn't always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat my father to a special meal. I glanced through the cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time, I started on it as soon as he left for work.
As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Dad loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn't have to face him laughing at my work.
I went on preparing the rest of the meal, and, when Dad got home, we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing.
Looking out, I saw Dad standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in the rubbish bin. Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder.
Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the. fermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. I had to admit what the "living thing" was and why it was there. I don't know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing, Dad or me.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My dad tapped me gently on the shoulder, and we went inside.
At a party three months later, everyone wanted to try my bread.
【答案】My dad tapped me gently on the shoulder, and we went inside. Sitting back to our Cornish chicken, Dad, smilingly, updated me on recent events at his work without a mere mention of the crazy dough wildly dancing outside, which served wonderfully as a gentle embarrassment reliever. However, while doing the dishes after dinner, Dad said to me with firmness in his voice, "You don't have to be an expert to make bread, but you do have to do your research before taking actions. There is no such thing as an easy way out." And that was the starting point of my journey with making the perfect bread.
At a party three months later, everyone wanted to try my bread. The rest of the night slipped away, filled with inquiries about my secret recipe. Yet, hardly was there a different answer other than, "Beauty comes from balance and patience." To be frank, that was exactly what I'd learnt during my numerous experiments. An amazing loaf of bread required suitable balance of ingredients to mix as well as enormous patience of waiting for the dough to rise. Countless were my failures to make tasty bread, every single moment of it was cherished. Along the journey, I've developed from the man whose dough sighs in a dustbin to the man whose bread makes your taste but dance.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写；故事阅读类；学习教育类；记叙文
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