2024届高三英语一轮复习语法：主谓一致课件(共17张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语一轮复习语法：主谓一致课件(共17张PPT) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-09-08 19:36:43 | ||
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(共17张PPT)
高考英语一轮复习
主谓一致
主谓一致即在句子中谓语动词的数必须和主语的数保持一致。一般可根据三个原则来确定：
语法一致：主语的单、复数决定谓语动词的单、复数。
意义一致：形单意复或形复意单的名词作主语，谓语动词要根据主语的意义决定。
就近一致：谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
注意：主谓一致一般会与动词的时态和语态放在一起考查，当时态和语态确定后，还要考虑主谓一致，考生要仔细辨识主语的单复数，尤其是主语较长时，要准确锁定其中心词；还要分析语法关系、逻辑意义，同时考虑就近和就远原则。
主谓一致概述：
1.The results of the research （be）to be published soon.
2.If anyone （see）Lisa, ask her to call me.
3.Each of the students （have） an apple.
4.The students each （have）an apple.
5. All （be）well that ends well.
are
sees
has
have
代词all作主语：若指人，谓语动词用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语动词通常用单数
主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数
复合不定代词 someone,anyone, everyone, nobody/ no one, something, anything, everything, nothing 等作主语，谓语动词用单数
each of+名词复数/them/us/you作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但“we, you, they或名词复数+each”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
is
语法一致：
6. Having to change trains （be）a small inconvenience.7. What they need most （be）money while what we need most （be） textbooks.
8. Many a page in this book （be）missing.
9. There （be）a pair of glasses on the desk, and maybe the glasses （be）Jack's.
is
is
are
is
is
are
is
many a, the whole, each, every, either, neither+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，特别提示：当what/whoever/which引导主语从句时，有时需要根据what/whoever/which所指代的词汇的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如 trousers,pants,jeans,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of或two/three/...pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
10. 99 and 2 （be）101.
表示”……加（减、乘、除）……”的结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
1. The police （have） not made any arrests.
2. The rich （be） to help the poor.
3. The Chinese （be） hard-working.
4. Physics （be） my favorite subject.
have
are
are
is
形式为单数但意义为复数概念的 police,cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数
表示一类人的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded 等和“the+姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数
表示某国人总称的the Chinese,the British,the Irish等作主语时，谓语动词用复数
诸如 maths, physics, politics,news等以“-s”结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
意义一致：
5. Three sheep （be） eating grass there.
6. The whole class （consist） of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.7. The whole class （be） doing experiments.
are
consists
are
单复数同形的名词，如 sheep,deer,means,works(工厂）等作主语时，谓语动词的数与实际意义一致
集体名词，如family,class,crew, team, group, audience, committee, crowd, government 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词被作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数
就近一致：
1. Not only the students but also the teacher （wish） for a holiday.2. Neither you nor I （be） wrong.3. There （be） two boys and a girl under the tree.
wishes
am
are
or, either... or..., neither... nor..., not only... but also...,not...but...在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在there be 句型中，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Step 3. 难点突破1. Tom and Jack （be）close friends.
2. The singer and dancer （be）to attend our evening party.
3. Many a teacher and (many a) student （have）seen the film.
4. English and American literature （be）appealing to her.
are
is
has
are
一个单数可数名词或不可数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词所修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式
两个单数可数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数
两个单数可数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数
被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数可数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数
6. Twenty years （be）a long time in one's life.
7. About one third of the books （be）worth reading.
is
are
5. Tom as well as two of his friends （be）invited to the party.
was
在含“名词或代词+with,along with, together with,as well as, rather than, but, except或not等+名词或代词”结构的句子中，谓语动词的数应该和第一个名词或代词保持一致
“分数、百分数、half、the rest或most of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词需与of后的名词保持一致
表示时间、重量、距离、价格和体积等的名词复数作主语时，通常被当作整体看待，后接谓语动词的单数形式
8. This type of buses （be）now on show.
9. A number of students （be）from the south.
10. More than one student （have）failed the exam.
is
are
has
由“kind/form/type/sort/series/...+of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的形式取决于of前的这些词的单复数形式
a number of+名词+谓语动词的复数形式（许多）the number of+名词复数+谓语动词的单数形式(……的数量）
如果主语由“many a+名词；more than one+名词”构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式
Step 4. 定语从句、强调句中的主谓一致1. Don't choose me, who （be）not fit for this job.2. John is one of the students that （have）the keys.3. John is the only one of the students that （have）the keys.
4. It is the boys who （be）responsible for the accident.
am
have
has
are
定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与其先行词保持一致
在强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”中，当被强调部分是句子主语时，“其他部分”中的谓语动词应和被强调的主语保持一致。
专项练习
1.(2015湖南,27)It is important to remember that success______a sum of small efforts made each day and often______ years to achieve.
A.is;takes B.are;takes C.are;take D.is;take
[解析] 句意:记住这一点很重要:成功是每天所付出的一点一滴的努力的积累,往往需要多年的积淀才能获得。本题考查主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,第一空和第二空共用主语success,它是不可数名词,故谓语动词用单数形式。故选择A 项。
2.(2014湖南,32,1分)All we need______a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A.are B.was C.is D.were
[解析] 句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。本题考查主谓一致。根据题干可知all指代的是a small piece of land,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,整句话的语境为一般现在时,故选择C项。
专项练习
3.（2014吉林省实验中学高三第一次模拟，22）—Lydia, what did our headteacher say just now
—Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who to lead the group asked to be at the school gate before 6: 30 in the morning.
A. is; is B. are; are
C. are; is D. is; are
[解析] 句意：——Lydia，校长刚才说什么？——全体学生和带队老师们早上6: 30前在校门口集合。第一空who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the teachers，故从句谓语应使用be动词的复数形式are；如果and连接的两个并列主语被no, every或each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数，故第二空应使用be动词的单数形式is。注意as well as不是并列连词，不能引导并列成分，所以谓语动词要和其前的主语保持一致.
专项练习
5.（2014河南省开封市高三第一次模拟考试，24）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.
—Delete it! It' s a trick. Many a person ______by such tricks.
A. has been cheated B. have been cheated
C. were cheated D. was cheated
[解析] 句意：——嗨！我收到一条短信，说我赢得了一等奖，周末双人巴黎游。——删掉吧！这是骗局。已经有许多人上当了。“many a+名词单数” 作主语时，谓语用单数形式，首先排除B、C两项；说话人强调的不是动作发生在过去，而是对现在造成的结果，故应使用现在完成时。
6.（2014河北衡水中学高三上学期五调，34）How many countries ________ the European Union made up of, do you know
A. is B. are C. have D. has
[解析] 句意：你知道欧盟是由多少个国家组成的吗？句子的主语the European Union指整体概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。be made up of由…组成。
专项练习
7.（2013江苏卷，21,1分）Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
[解析] 句意: 一般来说, 学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是必要的。本题考查主谓一致。由with连接的两个成分作主语, 即A with B, 谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致, 所以本句谓语动词应该和students’ inner motivation保持一致, 用单数。本句说的是一般情况, 所以用一般现在时态。故选A项。
8.（北京市东城区2013届高三12月联考，21）The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
[解析] 句意：篮球教练和他的团队表现出色，在赛后不久接受了采访。主语the basketball coach是单数，虽然后面跟有as well as引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数，因为as well as不是并列连词，不能引导并列成分，故排除A、D两项；根据语境，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故选择B项。
专项练习
9. All my family_______watching TV together every Sunday evening.A. likes B. like C. liked D. is liking
[解析] 考查主谓一致和时态。family作主语时, 谓语动词既可以用单数形式, 也可以用复数形式。根据句中的together可知, 此处侧重指家庭成员, 所以谓语动词用复数形式。由时间词every Sunday evening可知应用一般现在时。故答案为B。
10. Linda, together with her brothers, _______spending the holiday in Chile when the strong earthquake broke out.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。该句的主语是Linda, 故谓语动词应用单数形式。根据从句的时态可以判断主句应用过去进行时, 故答案为A。句意:当智利大地震发生的时候, Linda和她的哥哥们正在那儿度假。
专项练习
高考英语一轮复习
主谓一致
主谓一致即在句子中谓语动词的数必须和主语的数保持一致。一般可根据三个原则来确定：
语法一致：主语的单、复数决定谓语动词的单、复数。
意义一致：形单意复或形复意单的名词作主语，谓语动词要根据主语的意义决定。
就近一致：谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
注意：主谓一致一般会与动词的时态和语态放在一起考查，当时态和语态确定后，还要考虑主谓一致，考生要仔细辨识主语的单复数，尤其是主语较长时，要准确锁定其中心词；还要分析语法关系、逻辑意义，同时考虑就近和就远原则。
主谓一致概述：
1.The results of the research （be）to be published soon.
2.If anyone （see）Lisa, ask her to call me.
3.Each of the students （have） an apple.
4.The students each （have）an apple.
5. All （be）well that ends well.
are
sees
has
have
代词all作主语：若指人，谓语动词用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语动词通常用单数
主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数
复合不定代词 someone,anyone, everyone, nobody/ no one, something, anything, everything, nothing 等作主语，谓语动词用单数
each of+名词复数/them/us/you作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但“we, you, they或名词复数+each”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
is
语法一致：
6. Having to change trains （be）a small inconvenience.7. What they need most （be）money while what we need most （be） textbooks.
8. Many a page in this book （be）missing.
9. There （be）a pair of glasses on the desk, and maybe the glasses （be）Jack's.
is
is
are
is
is
are
is
many a, the whole, each, every, either, neither+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，特别提示：当what/whoever/which引导主语从句时，有时需要根据what/whoever/which所指代的词汇的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如 trousers,pants,jeans,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of或two/three/...pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
10. 99 and 2 （be）101.
表示”……加（减、乘、除）……”的结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
1. The police （have） not made any arrests.
2. The rich （be） to help the poor.
3. The Chinese （be） hard-working.
4. Physics （be） my favorite subject.
have
are
are
is
形式为单数但意义为复数概念的 police,cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数
表示一类人的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded 等和“the+姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数
表示某国人总称的the Chinese,the British,the Irish等作主语时，谓语动词用复数
诸如 maths, physics, politics,news等以“-s”结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
意义一致：
5. Three sheep （be） eating grass there.
6. The whole class （consist） of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.7. The whole class （be） doing experiments.
are
consists
are
单复数同形的名词，如 sheep,deer,means,works(工厂）等作主语时，谓语动词的数与实际意义一致
集体名词，如family,class,crew, team, group, audience, committee, crowd, government 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词被作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数
就近一致：
1. Not only the students but also the teacher （wish） for a holiday.2. Neither you nor I （be） wrong.3. There （be） two boys and a girl under the tree.
wishes
am
are
or, either... or..., neither... nor..., not only... but also...,not...but...在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在there be 句型中，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Step 3. 难点突破1. Tom and Jack （be）close friends.
2. The singer and dancer （be）to attend our evening party.
3. Many a teacher and (many a) student （have）seen the film.
4. English and American literature （be）appealing to her.
are
is
has
are
一个单数可数名词或不可数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词所修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式
两个单数可数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数
两个单数可数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数
被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数可数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数
6. Twenty years （be）a long time in one's life.
7. About one third of the books （be）worth reading.
is
are
5. Tom as well as two of his friends （be）invited to the party.
was
在含“名词或代词+with,along with, together with,as well as, rather than, but, except或not等+名词或代词”结构的句子中，谓语动词的数应该和第一个名词或代词保持一致
“分数、百分数、half、the rest或most of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词需与of后的名词保持一致
表示时间、重量、距离、价格和体积等的名词复数作主语时，通常被当作整体看待，后接谓语动词的单数形式
8. This type of buses （be）now on show.
9. A number of students （be）from the south.
10. More than one student （have）failed the exam.
is
are
has
由“kind/form/type/sort/series/...+of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的形式取决于of前的这些词的单复数形式
a number of+名词+谓语动词的复数形式（许多）the number of+名词复数+谓语动词的单数形式(……的数量）
如果主语由“many a+名词；more than one+名词”构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式
Step 4. 定语从句、强调句中的主谓一致1. Don't choose me, who （be）not fit for this job.2. John is one of the students that （have）the keys.3. John is the only one of the students that （have）the keys.
4. It is the boys who （be）responsible for the accident.
am
have
has
are
定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与其先行词保持一致
在强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”中，当被强调部分是句子主语时，“其他部分”中的谓语动词应和被强调的主语保持一致。
专项练习
1.(2015湖南,27)It is important to remember that success______a sum of small efforts made each day and often______ years to achieve.
A.is;takes B.are;takes C.are;take D.is;take
[解析] 句意:记住这一点很重要:成功是每天所付出的一点一滴的努力的积累,往往需要多年的积淀才能获得。本题考查主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,第一空和第二空共用主语success,它是不可数名词,故谓语动词用单数形式。故选择A 项。
2.(2014湖南,32,1分)All we need______a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A.are B.was C.is D.were
[解析] 句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。本题考查主谓一致。根据题干可知all指代的是a small piece of land,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,整句话的语境为一般现在时,故选择C项。
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3.（2014吉林省实验中学高三第一次模拟，22）—Lydia, what did our headteacher say just now
—Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who to lead the group asked to be at the school gate before 6: 30 in the morning.
A. is; is B. are; are
C. are; is D. is; are
[解析] 句意：——Lydia，校长刚才说什么？——全体学生和带队老师们早上6: 30前在校门口集合。第一空who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the teachers，故从句谓语应使用be动词的复数形式are；如果and连接的两个并列主语被no, every或each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数，故第二空应使用be动词的单数形式is。注意as well as不是并列连词，不能引导并列成分，所以谓语动词要和其前的主语保持一致.
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5.（2014河南省开封市高三第一次模拟考试，24）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.
—Delete it! It' s a trick. Many a person ______by such tricks.
A. has been cheated B. have been cheated
C. were cheated D. was cheated
[解析] 句意：——嗨！我收到一条短信，说我赢得了一等奖，周末双人巴黎游。——删掉吧！这是骗局。已经有许多人上当了。“many a+名词单数” 作主语时，谓语用单数形式，首先排除B、C两项；说话人强调的不是动作发生在过去，而是对现在造成的结果，故应使用现在完成时。
6.（2014河北衡水中学高三上学期五调，34）How many countries ________ the European Union made up of, do you know
A. is B. are C. have D. has
[解析] 句意：你知道欧盟是由多少个国家组成的吗？句子的主语the European Union指整体概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。be made up of由…组成。
专项练习
7.（2013江苏卷，21,1分）Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
[解析] 句意: 一般来说, 学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是必要的。本题考查主谓一致。由with连接的两个成分作主语, 即A with B, 谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致, 所以本句谓语动词应该和students’ inner motivation保持一致, 用单数。本句说的是一般情况, 所以用一般现在时态。故选A项。
8.（北京市东城区2013届高三12月联考，21）The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
[解析] 句意：篮球教练和他的团队表现出色，在赛后不久接受了采访。主语the basketball coach是单数，虽然后面跟有as well as引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数，因为as well as不是并列连词，不能引导并列成分，故排除A、D两项；根据语境，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故选择B项。
专项练习
9. All my family_______watching TV together every Sunday evening.A. likes B. like C. liked D. is liking
[解析] 考查主谓一致和时态。family作主语时, 谓语动词既可以用单数形式, 也可以用复数形式。根据句中的together可知, 此处侧重指家庭成员, 所以谓语动词用复数形式。由时间词every Sunday evening可知应用一般现在时。故答案为B。
10. Linda, together with her brothers, _______spending the holiday in Chile when the strong earthquake broke out.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。该句的主语是Linda, 故谓语动词应用单数形式。根据从句的时态可以判断主句应用过去进行时, 故答案为A。句意:当智利大地震发生的时候, Linda和她的哥哥们正在那儿度假。
专项练习