Module 2 My home town and my country 知识点讲义

Module 2 My home town and my country
Unit 1 It's taller than
many other buildings.
① population
考点1
population/ p pj le n/n.（某一地区的）人口，全体居民
e.g. The population of this town is about 50,000.
该镇约有5 万人口。
population 作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
拓展：population 的用法总结：
(1)表示“有多少人口”用have/has a population of... 或“the population of...+be+...”。
(2)表示人口的“多”或“少”，用large/big 或 small。
(3)对人口多少进行提问， 常用“What is the population of... ”。
(4)当主语是“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
e.g. The country has a population of over three million.
(=The population of that country is over three million.)
那个国家拥有三百多万人口。
China has a large population. 中国人口众多。
What’s the population of Beijing 北京有多少人口？
Three quarters of the population are farmers.
四分之三的人口是农民。
② million
考点2
million/m lj n/ num. 百万
基数词+ million+ 可数名词复数millions of+ 可数名词复数
与million 用法类似的单词有：
hundred（百）；
thousand （千）；
billion （十亿）等。
e.g. The population of Hefei is over nine million.
合肥人口超过了九百万。
There are millions of people visiting the Great Wall every year.
每年有数百万人参观长城。
③ Pretty good!
考点3
pretty/pr ti/ adv. 非常，很
修饰形容词、副词的原级形式，相当于very，quite
pretty 作形容词，意为“漂亮的，精致的；(尤指女子) 妩媚的；动人的”。
e.g. My eating habits are pretty good.
我的饮食习惯很好。
You look so pretty in that dress!
你穿那件连衣裙看起来真漂亮！
④ In fact, it only became important in the 1980s.
考点4
in fact 事实上，实际上
e.g. No one believes it, but in fact, Mary did pass the exam.
尽管没有人相信，但实际上，玛丽确实考试及格了。
I thought the work would be difficult. In fact, it’s very easy.
我原以为这项工作会很难，事实上，它很容易。
in fact 通常位于句首， 可用于强调，尤其与刚提到的情况相反。
⑤ It’s getting bigger and busier.
考点5
get/ɡet/ 用作系动词，表示“变得”，后跟形容词作表语。
e.g. Winter comes; the day gets shorter and the night gets longer. 冬天到了，白天变得短了，夜晚变得长了。
She soon got the children ready for school.
她很快让孩子们做好上学的准备。
She got a ticket to Shanghai. 她获得一张去上海的票。
He gets to school on time every day. 他每天按时到校。
⑥ Some day it will become as busy as Hong Kong, I’m sure.
考点6
as... as 和……一样
e.g. The boy is as tall as me. 这个男孩和我一样高。
Men are not so careful as women. 男人没有女人细心。
as... as 可用于肯定句和否定句中。
so... as只能用于否定句中。
as... as 之间只能用形容 词或副词的原级。
⑦ Its streets are much wider and cleaner too.
考点7
much + 比较级
much 副词，意为“更……；……得多”，常修饰形容词或副词的比较级。
even, a lot, a little 和 a bit 也可用于修饰比较级。
e.g. Mary’s room is much bigger than mine.
玛丽的房间比我的大得多。
He runs much faster than me. 他跑得比我快多了。
Cynthia was speaking even more slowly than usual.
辛西娅说得比平时还要慢。
⑧Today the population of Shenzhen is more than (3)____ million.
考点8
more than 超过；多于
e.g. More than 500 students are watching the game.
500 多名学生正在观看比赛。
There are less than 20 people in the office.
办公室里不到20个人。
more than后常跟数目， 相当于 over。
less than 是 more than 的反义短语，意为“少 于，不到”。
Unit 2 Cambridge is a beautiful city in the east of England.
① Cambridge is in the east of England.
考点1
in the east of... 在……的东部
e.g. Shandong Province is in the east of China.
山东省在中国的东部。
辨析：in, on与to
in on to
表示在地点内部 表示两地接壤 表示两地相隔
② My home town is especially famous for its university.
考点2
especially/ spe li/ adv. 尤其
e.g. When he is at the airport or on the train, he especially loves reading e-books.
当在机场或火车上时，他尤其喜欢看电子书。
副词→ especially 尤其
形容词→ especial 特别的， 特殊的
考点3
be famous for 因……而闻名
e.g. China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国因长城而闻名。
She is famous as a writer. 她作为一名作家而闻名辨析：be famous for 与be famous as
be famous for 意为“因……而闻名”， 后接闻名的原因。
be famous as 意为“ 作为…… 而闻名”，后接表示职位、名称、身份等的词。
③Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north…
考点4
low /l / adj. 矮的；低的
e.g. There is a low table in her bedroom.
在她的卧室里有一张矮桌子。
辨析：low 与short
low 意为“矮的；低的”，与high 相对。用来表示建筑物和山低或矮，也表示价格或声音低。
short 意为“矮的；短的”，与tall 或long 相对。用来表示人的身高矮或物体的长度短。
④Everywhere in England, you will notice how green the countryside is.
考点5
everywhere/evriwe (r)/ adv.，pron. 处处；各个地方
辨析：somewhere, anywhere, nowhere与everywhere
somewhere 用于肯定句，“某处，在某处；到某处”
anywhere 既可用于肯定句表达“在任何地方”， 又可用于否定句、疑问句， 代替somewhere
nowhere 无处，哪里都不
everywhere 所有地方，处处，各个地方
e.g. I’m not going home. I have to go somewhere else first.
我不准备回家，我得先去别的地方。
Did you go anywhere interesting
你去过什么有趣的地方吗？
There was nowhere to hide and nowhere to run.
无处可藏，也无处可逃。
I’ve looked everywhere. 我已经各处都看过了。
⑤ It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter.
考点6
never/nev (r)/ adv. 从不
e.g. Sally was never good at maths.
萨莉从来就不擅长数学。
He never smokes. 他从不抽烟。
never 常置于be 动词、助动词和情态动词之后，实义动词之前，表示否定意义。
Unit 3Language in use
① India is smaller than that of China but bigger than that of Russia.
考点1
that 作代词的用法
在表示比较的句子中，用that 替代与前文同类的名词，而在汉语比较句中，可以省略后一比较项相同的词语。
e.g. I have this pen for a long time. That is a gift from my brother. 我拥有这支钢笔很久了。那是我哥哥给我的礼物。
The weather today is colder than that yesterday.
今天的天气比昨天冷。
The things in a street market are cheaper than those in a supermarket.
街市上的东西要比超市的东西便宜。
② New York is more _____ than any other city in the US.
考点2
“比较级 + than + any other + 单数可数名词(+比较范围)”结构
(1)表示“在同一范围中比其他任何一个……更……”用“比较级 + than + any other +单数名词(+比较范围)”句型。
e.g. Tom swims faster than any other boy of the three.
(=Tom swims fastest of the three boys.)
在这三个男孩中，汤姆游得比其他任何一个都快。
(2)如果比较的人或物不在同一范围内，用“比较级 + than + any + 单数名词”。
e.g. The Changjiang River is longer than any river in India.
长江比印度的任何一条河流都长。
形容词比较级 (一)
考点1
一般句式的构成：主语 + be 动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + 宾语
考向
句型结构。当比较两个事物时，英语中要用到比较级的句型结构，其中标志词为 than，than 为介词，若其后跟动词，需变为动名词形式。
e.g. I like playing basketball more than going shopping.
相比购物，我更喜欢打篮球。
考点2
形容词比较级的构成
构成方法 原级 比较级
单音节和部分双音节单词 一般在词尾加 -er Tall small light high Taller smaller Lighter higher
以字母 e结尾的形容词直接加 -r Nice large wide Nicer larger wider
单音节和部分双音节单词 以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写该字母，再加 -er Big hot thin Bigger hotter thinner
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词，先把y 变成 i，再加 -er Busy easy early Busier easier earlier
考点3
可用来修饰形容词比较级的单词或词组：even, far, much, a lot, a great deal, a bit, a little 等
考题3：[河池改编] My brother is _____ taller than me now. He grows really fast.
A. very B. much C. more D. as
考点4
比较级句式中的替代问题
[重点] 在比较级句式中，为了避免重复，经常用that 或those 代替前面出现的名词。如：
that 代替可数名词单数或不可数名词 The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Beijing. 哈尔滨的天气比北京冷。
those 代替复数名词 The teachers in No. 2 Primary School are younger than those in No.1 Primary School. 第二小学的教师比第一小学的教师年轻。
考点5
原级有相同也有倍数
当比较的对象A 与 B 情况对比相同时，要使用以下结构：
主语+ 系动词/ 谓语+ as + 形容词/ 副词原形 + as + 其他.
e.g. I study as hard as my brother.
我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
考向2
原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词，表示“……若干倍”，当与表示倍数的词在一起时，它们的位置是“倍数词+ as... as...”。
e.g. This river is twice as long as that one.
这条河的长度是那条河的两倍。