Module 10 The weather 知识点讲义

Module 10 The weather
Unit 1It might snow.
① Are you coming with us
考点1
现在进行时表将来
e.g. I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
我打算明天去上海。
My father is arriving in Beijing tomorrow.
我父亲明天会到达北京。
在英语中， 一些表示位移的动词go, come, leave, arrive, fly 等，常用现在进行时表将来，表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
② Are you joking
考点2
joke/d k/ n. 笑话；玩笑 v. 说笑话；开玩笑
用来表示说话人对对方所说的话感到惊讶或不相信，相当于“You must be joking!.”。
joke 的常用搭配：
joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑
joke about sth. 就某事物开玩笑
tell a joke/jokes 讲笑话
play a joke on sb. 戏弄某人
e.g. Tommy’s uncle often jokes with him.
汤米的叔叔经常跟他开玩笑。
Don’t joke about beliefs. 别拿信仰开玩笑。
Can you tell us a joke, Mr. Gao
高老师，你能给我们讲个笑话吗？
He played a joke on his sister.
他对他的妹妹搞了个恶作剧。
③ And it’s cloudy too, so it might snow.
考点3
cloudy /kla di/ adj. 多云的
e.g. It’s cloudy now and there are some clouds in the sky.
现在的天气是多云，有一些云在空中。
n. cloud
复数→ clouds
考点4
might /ma t/ v.aux. 可能
e.g. Tom might be in the library, but I’m not sure.
汤姆可能在图书馆，但我不确定。
表示推测的情态动词：
（可能性依次减小）
must（一定）
may（可能）
might（也许）
can’t（不可能）
might 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。
④ What’s the temperature
考点5
temperature/tempr t / n. 温度
e.g. The temperature of last summer was very high.
去年夏天的气温非常高。
—What’s the temperature now 现在气温是多少？
—It’s 18 degrees. 18 度。
The doctor took his temperature and gave him some
medicine. 医生给他量了体温，并开了一些药给他。
常用短语：
have a temperature 发烧；
take one’s temperature 量某人的体温。
询问温度是多少时不能用how much 或how many， 用 “What’s the temperature... ”， 答语用“It’s ...”。
⑤ Not usually, although this year it snowed quite a lot.
考点6
although/ l' / conj. 然而；尽管
e.g. Although he is 72 years old, he keeps running every day.
尽管他72 岁了，但他坚持每天跑步。
although/though 所引导的让步状语从句不能与连词but 连用， 但可以和yet, still 等词连用。
⑥ I like sunny weather, and I like snow as well.
考点7
as well 也
e.g. She likes reading as well.=She likes reading, too.
她也喜欢看书。
He can also speak Japanese. 他也会说日语。
If you don’t go there, I won’t go either.
如果你不去那里，我也不去。
as well 只用于句末，用于肯定句，前面不需要用逗号与句子其他部分分开。
too 可用于肯定句和一般疑问句，多位于句末，其前一般要加上逗号。
also 常用于书面语，用在句中。具体位置是be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前，不用于句末。
either 只用于否定句的句末。
⑦ Me neither.
考点8
neither/'na / adv.( 某人或某事物) 也不
e.g. —She can’t speak Japanese. 她不会说日语。
Neither can I. 我也不会。
Neither of us is right. 我们两个没有一个是正确的。
neither 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
“Neither/Nor ＋ 助动词/ be 动词/ 情态动词＋主语”，表示另外的人或物具有前文中的否定情况。
both 两者都 both...and... 既……又…… 复数
all 三者或三者以上都 all of... 所有……都 单复数均可
none 三者或三者以上都不 none of... 所有……都不 单复数均可
either 两者中任意一个 either...or... 或者……或者…… 就近原则
either of... 两个中任何一个 常用单数
neither 两者都不 neither...nor... 既不……也不…… 就近原则
neither of... 两个中任何一个都不 常用单数
⑧ I wish I were in Australia now.
考点9
wish/w / v. 希望
辨析：wish 与 hope
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
hope + that 从句 希望……
wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人某事
wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望（某人）做某事
wish + that 从句 “希望……”从句用虚拟语气
注意：无 hope sb. to do 结构
e.g. I wish you to go to her party. 我希望你去她的聚会。
I hope to see you. 我希望见到你。
⑨ It’s probably sunny and hot there.
考点10
probably/pr b bli/ adv. 或许；可能
e.g. The news is probably true. 这则消息可能是真的。
This task is too difficult; you probably won’t stick with it.
这项任务太难了，你很可能难以坚持下来。
若用在否定句中，应放在否定词的前面。
⑩ Come on, better get going!
考点11
come on 快点
e.g. Come on. We have no time left. 快点，我们没有时间了。
Come on, children. You can do that!
来吧，孩子们，你们可以做到！
Come on, Tom! You will be the first!
加油，汤姆！你会是第一名的！
come on 表示说话者对对方 的催促、劝诱、鼓励及提 醒，意为“快点；加油；开 始；得了吧”等。
Unit 2 The weather is fine all year round.
① It is about 3,000 miles from the east coast to the west coast,...
考点1
mile/ma l/ 用作名词，意为“英里”。
e.g. Forty miles is a long way to walk in a day.
一天走 40 英里路是够远的。
在英文中，表示距离、重量、金钱、时间、数学运算等的词语或短语常被看作一个整体，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
②The weather gets cooler, and the green leaves start to turn gold, then brown.
考点2
leaves /li vz/ n. (leaf 的复数形式 ) 叶子
leaf—leaves 叶子 half—halves 一半
wife—wives 妻子 shelf—shelves 架子
wolf—wolves 狼 thief—thieves 窃贼
life—lives 性命 knife—knives 刀
考点3
turn /t n/ v. 变成
e.g. When spring comes, trees turn green.
当春天来时，树木变成了绿色。
She turned pale. 她的脸变得苍白。
turn 在此处作连系动词，意为“变成”，其后常接表颜色的词。
常见的系动词：
表示状态， 如be, keep, remain, stay。
表示“像；看起来”等，如seem, appear, look。
表示人的某种感觉，如feel, smell, sound, taste。
表示一种缓慢变化的动作，如become, grow, fall, get, go。
③In Seattle, in the northwest, it is not very cold but it rains a lot, so bring an umbrella.
考点4
northwest /n θ'west / n. 西北
e.g. The train station is in the northwest of the city.
火车站在城市的西北方向。
There is a factory in the northwest part of this city.
在这座城市的西北部有一座工厂。
④ If you want to visit Alaska, you had better go in summer.
考点5
had better 最好
e.g. You had better do your homework first.
你最好先做家庭作业。
You’d better not watch TV every day.
你最好不要每天看电视。
had better 可简写为 “’d better”
had better (not) do sth. 最好（不要）做某事
⑤In Texas and the southeast, it is usually very hot and sunny compared to other places.
考点6
compare/k m'pe (r)/ v. 比较，对比
e.g. He compared his camera to/with mine.
他拿自己的照相机和我的比较。
Books can be compared to friends.
书可以被比作朋友。
⑥ There are storms from time to time in summer and autumn.
考点7
from time to time 意为“偶尔；有时；间或”，与 sometimes, at times 意思相近。
e.g. They walk along the river from time to time after supper.
他们晚饭后有时沿着河散步。
time 构成的短语：
on time 准时 in time 及时
at no time 从未 at a time 每次，一次
at one time 曾经，一度 at the same time 同时
all the time 一直，始终 have a hard time (in)
doing sth. 做某事很困难
⑦ Any time you like!
考点8
any/'eni/ adj. 任何的
e.g. You can read any of the books in the library.
你可以阅读图书馆里的任何一本书。
Take any book you like.
你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本。
I don’t eat any meat.
我一点儿肉也没吃。
any 的用法：
形容词，可与单数可数名词连用；也可与不可数或复数名词 连用，用于否定句或疑问句中。
代词“无论哪一个，无论哪些”
Unit 3Language in use
① It may rain later, so take an umbrella with you.
考点1
later/'le t (r)/ adv. 后来；随后
e.g. The weather will get cooler later.
晚些时候天气将会变得更凉爽。
Two years later she left our school.
(=She left our school after two years.)
两年后她离开了我们学校。
时间段+later three days later 三天之后
after+ 时间段 after three days 三天之后
② The wind is very strong.
考点2
strong/str / adj. 强的；猛烈的
表示大“ 风” 用strong， 表示“ 风” 刮得大要用strongly； 表示大“ 雨” 用heavy，表示“雨”下得大要用heavily 或hard。
e.g. A strong wind was blowing right in my face.
一阵劲风迎面吹来。
The wind is blowing strongly outside.
外面正刮着大风。
I was late for class because of the heavy rain.
因为大雨我上课迟到了。
It rained heavily last night. 昨晚雨下得很大。
③ Make sure you bring an umbrella.
考点3
make sure 确定
e.g. Make sure (that) you’re right. 确定你是对的。
Please make sure of the time of the meeting.
请确定一下开会的时间。
make sure 的用法
make sure + that 从句
make sure of sth.
④ You will not have to pay much for it.
考点4
have to 必须，不得不
e.g. I have to stay at home to look after my younger sister.
我不得不待在家里照看我妹妹。
You don’t have to help her. She can finish it by herself.
你不必帮助她，她自己能完成。
后跟动词原形，not have to=needn’t, 意为“不必”。
情态动词may/might
考点
情态动词may/might 表可能
表可能性，有“或许、可能”之意。might 与may 可以换用，但might 表示较多的怀疑，更加不肯定，语气更委婉。表示推测时，might 比may 的可能性小些。
e.g. They may/might have a lot of work to do.
他们可能有许多工作要做。
考向2
may 和might 均可用于肯定句和否定句中，两者的否定形式，均在后面直接加not。
e.g. He might not be at home at this moment.
现在他可能不在家。
may not 没有缩写形式。
考向3
may/might 可以表示请求，可用于主语是第一人称的一般疑问句，对“May I... ”这类问句作肯定回答时，除了用“Yes, you may.”之外，还有更温和的回答方式“Yes, please.”；在作否定回答时，除了“No, you may not.”或“No, you mustn’t.”之外，还有更有礼貌的回答方式“I am sorry. /I am afraid... / You’d better not.”。
拓展：表推测的形容词和副词
如： probably, possible, perhaps, maybe 等。
其中perhaps 和maybe 多置于句首。
常用的句型有：“It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.”；“It’s possible that...”；“ 主语 + will probably/possibly + v.”等。
e.g. Is it possible to visit Alaska in December
十二月份去阿拉斯加旅游有可能吗？
It will probably be cold and wet.
天气很可能会又冷又湿。
Maybe he forgot to tell you.
也许他忘记告诉你了。