Module4 Planes, ships and trains 知识点语法总结归纳

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名称 Module4 Planes, ships and trains 知识点语法总结归纳
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Module 4 Planes, ships and trains
Unit 1 He lives the farthest from school.
知识讲解
知识点1.except prep.除……之外 The students went to the park except me. 除了我之外,同学们都去了公园。
考向【重难点】辨析except, except for, besides与but
except “除了……之外”,表示“(从整体中)减去”。(前后事物是同类的) Nobody was late except me. 除了我之外,没有人迟到。
except for “除了”,说明整个基本情况之后,对细节加以纠正。(前后事物是不同类的) Your composition is very good except for a few mistakes.除了几处错误之外,你的作文非常好。
besides “除了……之外(还)”,表示“加上”。 Besides being a singer, he is a great dancer. 他除了是位歌手,还是位优秀的舞蹈家。
but 着重在整体,一般放在nothing, nobody等否定词之后。 Don’t scold her; she’s nothing but a child.不要责骂她,她只不过是个孩子。
典例 —All the workers went home yesterday______Mr. White. Why —Because he was on duty.
A.except B.besides   C.except for D.beside
【点拨】根据答语可知Mr. White在值班,没有回家,所以要表示“除了……之外”,而不包括除了的部分,因此用except。
知识点2.maybe adv.也许
考向 辨析一 【重难点】 perhaps,probably,maybe
maybe maybe,也许,可能,和 perhaps 多数情况下可以互换,意思较接近。通常用在句子前面。Maybe you are right.也许你是对的。
perhaps 也许,可能,大概,perhaps 还有建议的意思。Perhaps I'll go there alone.我也许要一个人去那里。
probably 大概,很可能,表示的可能性远远大于maybe 和perhaps。He probably told his father the matter. He usually tells his father everything.他很可能已经告诉他爸爸这件事了。他通常把一切都告诉他的爸爸。
辨析二【重点】may,maybe与may be的区别与用法
may 情态动词,“可以,可能”,may +动词原形 I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。
may be may是情态动词,be是动词原形, 两者构成完整的谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构,意为“也许是、可能是”。 He may be a teacher. 他可能是个老师。
maybe 副词,意思是“也许、可能”,在句中作状语,相当于perhaps,常位于句首。 Maybe she'll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。
另maybe和may be有时可相互转换。
eg:You may be right. = Maybe you are right. 你或许是对的。
He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。
知识点3.by taxi 乘出租车 表示动作的方式,同样的结构还有:by bus乘公共汽车;by plane 乘飞机;by ship 乘船
典例—________do you go to work every day,Jimmy
—By bus,but sometimes by taxi. (合肥四校联考试卷)
A.Why  B.How C.What D.When
by 是一个多义的介词,有多种用法。
考向一 (表示方法、手段)通过,借助。
eg:I want to learn English by watching English movies. 我想通过看英语电影学习英语。
He goes to work by bus every day. 他每天乘坐公交车上班。
典例You can improve your English_____ practicing more. (重庆) A.by  B.with  C.of  D.in
【点拨】考查介词用法。这里是“靠/凭”多练习来提高英语。选项中只有by有此用法。
考向二 靠近,在……旁边。
eg:Lucy is sitting by a table. 露西正坐在桌子旁边。
考向三 (表示时间)不迟于。
eg:Will you finish it by tomorrow? 到明天你能完成吗?
典例—How do you go to school —________bus.
A.To  B.By C.For D.With
知识点4.a bit一点;稍许
eg:I’m a bit hungry now. 我现在有点饿。
考向【易错点】辨析a bit和a little
相同点 1. 二者都可以用作副词,修饰动词,形容词,副词或比较级。
2.二者都可以用作代词,代替不可数名词。eg:He is a bit/little afraid of the teacher. 他有点害怕老师。
不同点 1.二者都可以修饰不可数名词,但a little可直接用于名词前作定语,而a bit必须接of后才可以用于名词前作定语。 eg:Danny has a bit of/a little money. 丹尼有点钱。
2.not a bit意为“一点也不”,与not at all同义;not a little意为“非常;很”,与very同义。 She is not a bit tired. 她一点也不累。She is not a little tired. 她非常累。
典例 用a bit或a little填空。
1.His younger brother feels ___________ better today.
2.She doesn’t want to stop to have a rest, because she is not ________ tired. (1. a bit/a little;2. a bit)
知识点5. far/fɑ /adv. 远;遥远地 adj. 远的;遥远的
eg:I go far to my work. 我上班走很远的路。
Now we see a ship far away on the horizon.
现在我们看到远处的地平线上有一艘轮船。
考向【重点】 farther和further 都是far 的比较级
farther 强调在距离上更远,强调的是广度 He jumped farther than Mike. 他跳得比迈克远。
further 是强调在程度上更深远, 强调的是深度 He studied much further in this area than any other student in the class. 在这个领域里他比班上其他任何同学研究得都深。
典例 Is Lily’s home ________ away from school than Linda’s A. far  B. farther   C. farthest
【点拨】形容词比较级用法的考查。句中后面有than表示两者比较,所以前面用far的比较级farther。所以选择答案 B 。
拓展 有关far的常用词组:
far from 远离eg:The moon is far from the earth. 月球离地球很远。
as far as 远到;直到;到……为止,至于;就……而言
eg:We walked as far as the river. 我们一直走到河边。
拓展 有关far的常用词组:
eg:How far is it from Beijing to Guangzhou 从北京到广州有多远?
so far 到目前为止; 就此范围(程度)来说eg: So far 50 people have died in the fighting. 到现在为止,已有50人在战斗中丧生。
知识点6.close/kl s/adj.接近的,靠近的,亲密的
考向一 是指空间和时间上比较接近。
eg:The two buildings are close together.那两座建筑物相距很近。
考向二 是指空间和时间上比较接近。
eg:The two buildings are close together.那两座建筑物相距很近。
考向三 close 放在动词后面通常用作副词,接近,靠近。
eg:They sat close together.他们紧挨着坐在一起。
考向四 be close to接近;靠近。
eg:She feels good to be close to nature. 她喜欢亲近大自然。
Unit 2 What is the best way to travel
知识点1.book/b k/v.预订(飞机等座位);(向饭店,旅馆,酒店)预约eg:I’d like to book a table for two for eight o’clock tonight.我想订今晚八点的两人桌。I’ve booked you on the 10 o’clock flight.我已经给你预订了十点的飞机票。
知识点2. outside/ a t'sa d/prep.在……外面;adv.在外面;n.外面,外部;adj.外面的,外表的
词性 用法
prep.在……的外面 和名/代词相连。You can park your car outside my house.你可以把你的车停在我家房子的外面。
adv.在外面 单独使用可以表示地点,或者放在动词后面,表示动作的方向。Go outside and see if it's raining.去外面看看是否下雨。
n.外面,外部 The outside of the house needs painting.房子的外面需要油漆一下。
adj.外面的 放在名词的前面。You have to pay to make outside calls.你必须为自己打的外线电话付费。
知识点3. however/ ha ev (r)/adv.无论如何; 不管怎样 conj. 然而;可是
考向一【重难点】用作副词 (1)表示让步:意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”,用来修饰形容词或副词。
eg:Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到达时就给我打电话,不论多么晚也要打。
(2) 表示转折:尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时,表示转折,其意为“可是”“然而”等。可放在句首、句中或句末,通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。eg:My father, however, did not agree. 但是,我父亲不同意。
My room is small,however, it's comfortable. 我的房间很小,但却很舒服。
考向二【难点】however和but使用的区别,二者都意为“可是,但是”
but 并列连词,连接两个并列分句,上下两句在总的意义上构成了对比。常用于口语。 I really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪,但是这次我要尝一点。
however 不能直接连接两个分句,必须另起新句,并用逗号隔开。比but用的场合更正式。 It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大,不过我们还是出去寻找那个男孩。
知识点4. cost as much as 花费和……一样多。多指精力和金钱方面的花费。
考向一 cost v.多指花费金钱。过去式cost。
eg:Learning French costs as much as spending summer holiday in Hainan.学习法语花费的金钱和在海南度暑假的花费一样多。
考向二 cost n.费用,花费eg:The cost of living in cities is higher than before. 城市生活的花费高于以前。
考向三【难点】cost和take作为“花费”的用法区别
cost 主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“价值” sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱 A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间 Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些新单词。
take 后面常跟双宾语 It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间 It took them three years to build this road. 他们花了三年时间修这条路。
(doing)sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
典例It___me about 10 days ____ painting the walls. (湖北黄石)
A. took; to finish B. cost; finishing C. took; finishing D. spent; to finish
【点拨】考查 It took sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间这一句型。It是形式主语,后面的动词不定式才是真正的主语。
考向四【重点】 as much as 表示和……一样多,通常和不可数名词连用;as many as 也表示和……一样多,通常和可数名词连用。
eg:I have as many books as you have.我拥有的书和你拥有的一样多。
典例 汉译英(每空词数不限):汤姆的日常消费和他哥哥的一样多。Tom's daily ________ is __________ his brother's. (cost, as much as)
知识点5.because of 因为,由于
考向 辨析because, because of
because 连词,引导原因状语从句。Because it rained, I couldn’t go there yesterday. 因为下雨,我昨天没去那里。
because of 介词短语,后接名词或名词短语。Because of the rain, I couldn’t go there yesterday. 因为下雨,我昨天没去那里。
典例Mary had to stay at home ________her poor family.
A.so B.because C.so that D.because of
【点拨】句意:因为贫穷的家庭,玛丽不得不呆在家里。her poor family是名词短语,所以用because of。
Unit 3 Language in use
语法讲解: 形容词、副词的最高级
形容词和副词的最高级变化有两种形式,一种是直接在词尾加上est ,另外一种就是在单词前面加上most,词形的变化是由单词的音节决定的。
构成方法 原级 最高级
单音节和少数双音节单词 一般在词尾加-est Tall,long,young,old,hard,fast, quick Tallest,longest,youngest,oldest,hardest, fastest,quickest
一般以e结尾的直接加st nice,fine,large, close,late Nicest,finest,largest,closest,latest
单音节和少数双音节单词 以重读闭音节结尾的词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应该先双写该字母,再加est big, hot, red , thin Biggest, hottest , reddest , thinnest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先将y 变成i,再加-est busy, easy, early busiest, easiest , earliest
大部分双音节和多音节单词 在单词前面加most careful,carefully, dangerous,slowly, beautiful,beautifully most careful,most carefully, most dangerous,most slowly, most beautiful ,most beautifully
形容词、副词不规则的变化详见下表:
原级 最高级
good/well best
bad/ill , badly worst
many/much most
old oldest/eldest
little least
far farthest/furthest
考点1.三者或三者以上事物进行比较的,使用形容词和副词的最高级,后面通常用of/in/among...来表示比较的范围。
eg:Jack is the tallest in our class.杰克是我们班里面个子最高的。
Jimmy lives the farthest from school of all my classmates.
我所有的同班同学中吉米住得离学校最远。
考向一【易错点】 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。eg:(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.三个兄弟汤姆最高。
考向二【重点】 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。
eg:Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 迈克是班上最聪明的。
= Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
考向三【难点】 “否定词语+比较级”,“否定词语+ so...as”结构也可以表示最高级含义。
eg:Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.没比这更容易的了。
考向四【重点】 当要表示在某个范围内第几长、宽、高等时,也应用最高级。
eg:—Which river is the first longest in the world 世界上第一长的河流是哪条河? —The Nile.尼罗河。
考向五【重点】 one of +the+形容词最高级+名词复数;表示最……之一。eg:one of the longest rivers 最长的河流之一。
典例1 —It’s one of the _____ things in the world to stay with friends.
—I agree. It always makes us relaxed. (陕西)
A. worst B. happiest C. busiest D. hardest
典例 2 Wembley Stadium(温布利大球场)is one of the ________ soccer fields of the world.It will be the place for soccer matches during the Olympics next week.
A.famous  B.more famous  C.most famous
【点拨】本题考查形容词最高级的基本用法,is one of the...后面通常加形容词最高级,因此答案选C。
考点2. 用于某种语境中,根据语境推测可以得知是最高级。
eg:Flying is the fastest way of traveling but it is the most expensive.
飞机是最快的旅行方式,但是它又是最昂贵的方式。
典例1 Eighteen kids died in the school bus accident in Gansu Province. It’s ________ one that I have ever heard of.
A.a very serious  B.a more worse
C.the most serious D.the least serious
【点拨】本题考查形容词最高级的用法。根据答题空后面的定语从句可以推断出应该使用形容词的最高级。十八个孩子死于甘肃省的校车事故当中,它是我曾经听到的最严重的一个。
典例2 —It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except drawing pictures.
—Right. That’s what she likes________.
A.more  B.less  C.most  D.least
【点拨】本题考查副词的最高级,根据上下句语境可以知道,画画是她的最爱,因此选择most。
考点3. 最高级前是否加定冠词the,要视具体情况而定,基本原则是:形容词最高级前面必须加定冠词the;副词最高级前面可以加,也可以不加。
eg:Lily is the best singer in our school.莉莉是我们学校唱歌最好听的。
Tom lives farthest from here among us.汤姆是我们中住得离这最远的。
考向一【重点】下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost。eg:This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子几乎是最大的了。
注意: a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。
eg:This is the very best./ This is much the best.这是最好的。
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。
eg:Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。
典例Nanjing isn’t so large ________ Shanghai, however, it’s the second ________ city in East China. (江苏无锡)
A. like; largest  B. as; largest C. like; large D. as; large
考向二【易错点】 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”。
eg:It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。
知识点1. hurry 匆忙
考向一 作名词,常与介词in连用,构成in a hurry 匆忙。
eg:Rose is always in a hurry. 罗斯总是匆匆忙忙。
考向二 作动词,常见短语:hurry off 匆匆离去; hurry up 赶快。
eg:Hurry up, or we will miss the train. 快点,否则我们赶不上火车了。
典例 —I'm leaving tomorrow.
—Tomorrow Why________? You said you liked the city!
A.in a hurry  B.so fast  C.so slowly  D.so often
知识点2.my family 我的家人(庭)
family作为主语时谓语动词有两种形式,谓语动词用作单数时,我们将family看作一个整体,强调家庭员时,谓语动词用复数。
集合名词 个体 整体
family All my family are having dinner.我们全家都在吃晚饭。 Almost every family has owned a television. 几乎每个家庭都拥有一台电视机。
典例 Lily’s family ________ Nanjing.
A.lives in  B. live in  C.live on
【点拨】考查主谓一致。首先family是指一家人还是指一个整体家庭。在这句话中,指的是人,谓语应用live。另in 和 on的区别在于是后面的地点是大的还是小的。Nanjing 是大地点,所以选择in。
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