2024届高考英语专题复习：词义猜测 课件 (共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
Reading Comprehension
Words guessing Period 1
1. a fat cat
2. when pigs fly
肥猫
当猪在飞
warming up
Let’s try again!
1. Lucy married a man who owns a big company and has millions of dollars. He is really a fat cat.
a rich man
2. Peter is very lazy and he never does his homework. He can go to a university when pigs fly.
impossible
高考英语阅读理解解题策略之
词义猜测
要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。考生应能“根据上下文推断生词和短语的含义”。
some common ways to raise questions
According to the passage, the word *** could best be replaced by ______.
2. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word ***
In the * paragraph, the word *** means (refers to) ______.
4. What does the underlined word ***in paragraph*mean
skills
How can we guess the meaning of unknown words or phrases
猜测词意
构词法
Word formation
语境法
Context clues
Period 1
Period 2
1. Definition 定义法
2. Similarity 同义法
3. Contrast 对比法
4. Cause and Effect因果法
猜测词义
5. Common Sense 普通常识
语
境
法
Definition
定义描述法
It will be very hard but very brittle
— that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
●信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as, that is, that is to say,
in other words, — (破折号) ，：(冒号)等
practice1
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “ death valley ” of autonomous vehicles（自动驾驶车辆)：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
What does the phrase “ death valley ” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.A place where cars often break down.
B.A case where passing a law is impossible.
C. An area where no driving is permitted.
D.A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.
Similarity
同义关系法
He is a serious person who always does everything conscientiously.
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful．
2. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。
认真地
有害的
●信号词： also, or, like , as…as, the same as等
practice2
【2022年 全国乙卷】
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. personnel safety. B. assistance from drones.
C. inspection and repair. D. construction of infrastructure.
Contrast
对比关系法
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
肮脏的
节约的
3. Contrast 对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的信号词有while ,though, otherwise, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of , yet, but, contrary to, however,等。
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s,wolves had practically disappeared from theYellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada,where there were fewer humans around.
What does the underlined word“displaced” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Tested. B.separated.
C.forced out. D.tracked down.
practice3
【2017年 全国III卷 C】
Cause and Effect
因果关系法
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
(adj. 大的)
4. Cause and Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
practice4
凋谢,枯萎
Common sense
生活常识法
5
5. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。
But sometimes, no rain falls for a long time. Then there will be a drought.
In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.
(n. 旱灾)
(v. 颤抖)
Tips:
1. Never be nervous! Try to guess!
2. Use your own knowledge and imagination!
practice5
In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry.
The underlined word means____.
A. money B. children C. rice D. houses
高考真题连接
1. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
2. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns
about 65,000 yuan a year.
动物学家
牧羊人
Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
圆胖的
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
节约的
（2020年全国1卷D篇)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites your really need to avoid.
13.What does the underlined word“beanpoles”in paragraph1 refer to
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
Summary
How to guess the meaning of words
Practice
makes
perfect!
生活
常识
同义词
反义词
定义
猜
生活
常识
因果
关系
同义词
定义
猜
生活
常识
对比
转折
定义
猜
Review the skills learned today and do some practice.
Homework
Thank you!