【精品解析】湖北省市温德克英联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期8月开学综合性难度选拔考试英语试题

湖北省市温德克英联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期8月开学综合性难度选拔考试英语试题
一、听录音，回答问题。（5分）
1．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What can be concluded about Keven from the conversation
A．He wants to buy the new car
B．He thinks his signature is necessary
C．He has already signed a contract
D．He doesn't always say what he means.
【答案】D
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I don't know whether Keven favors the new car or not.
W: He said he liked it. But he didn't want to sign a contract.
【分析】问题：从对话中 关于 Keven可以得出什么结论？根据"He said he liked it. But he didn't want to sign a contract."他说他喜欢，但他不想签合同。故选D。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
2．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What does the man mean
A．A cold drink can be relaxing.
B．Scott and Tina like to play jocks on each other.
C．Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: With Scott and Tina both up for the same job, I feel nervous when they're in the same room.
M: I just try to act normally, like tell them a joke or something. That usually breaks the ice.
【分析】问题：男士是什么意思？根据"With Scott and Tina both up for the same job, I feel nervous when they're in the same room. " Scott 和Tina 都在做同一份工作，当他们在同一个房间时，我感到紧张，以及"I just try to act normally, like tell them a joke or something. That usually breaks the ice."我只是尽量表现得正常，比如给他们讲个笑话什么的。这通常会打破僵局。可推知他的意思是幽默在尴尬的情况下会有所帮助，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
3．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What are the speakers mainly discussing
A．How customers could be best served.
B．What kind of stores can offer lower prices.
C．Whether online stores will replace high-street stores.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. Online stores can offer much lower prices than the high-street stores.
W: I doubt it. I think we'll always want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them.
【分析】问题：谈话人主要在讨论什么？根据" I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. Online stores can offer much lower prices than the high-street stores. "我认为网上购物将取代外出购物。网上商店可以提供比商业街商店低得多的价格；以及"I doubt it. I think we'll always want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them."我对此表示怀疑。我想在买东西之前，我们总是想亲自触摸一些东西，看看它们。可知他们在讨论网上商店是否会取代商业街商店。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
4．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What does the man mean
A．The lady should stop being patient.
B．He can't understand the lady's feeling.
C．The lady should not blame others.
D．Nobody may be interested in her problem.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: You just don't know what I feel! Everything is getting worse, because of him. M: Stop blaming other people. Be patient, and think positively.
【分析】问题：男士是什么意思？根据"You just don't know what I feel! Everything is getting worse, because of him."你就是不知道我的感受！因为他，一切都变得更糟了；以及"Stop blaming other people. Be patient, and think positively."别再责怪别人了。要有耐心，积极思考。可推知男士的意思是这位女士不应该责怪别人。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
5．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What does the man think of the party
A．He doesn't like the part.
B．He hates to prepare for the party.
C．It is worthwhile to prepare for the party.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I'm really looking forward to the party. But it's all the hard work you have to do before that I don't enjoy.
W: Oh, it's fine. It gives us the chance to get the house nice and tidy.
【分析】问题：男士对这个聚会怎么看？根据"I'm really looking forward to the party. But it's all the hard work you have to do before that I don't enjoy.."我真的很期待这个聚会。但我不喜欢你以前所做的艰苦工作。可知他讨厌为聚会做准备。故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
二、听录音，回答问题。（15分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考） 听录音，回答问题。
6．Whom did the woman buy the sweater for
A．A friend. B．A family member. C．Herself.
7．What will the woman do next
A．Talk to the manager.
B．Show the receipt.
C．Leave the store.
【答案】6．B
7．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hello, I'd like to return this sweater. I have the receipt right here.
M: OK, let me take a look… Um…so you bought this over a month ago
W: That's right. It was a birthday present for my niece.
M: I'm sorry, ma'am. But if it has been over a month, we can't return your money.
W: Are you kidding me I haven't even opened the package, my friend!
M: Well, that is just our store rule.
W: There must be something you can do.
M: I'll talk to my manager.
W: I'd like to talk to him myself!
【点评】考查细节理解，首先理解题干，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
6．问题：女士给谁买了这件毛衣？根据"It was a birthday present for my niece."这是给我侄女的生日礼物。故选B。
7．问题：女士下一步会做什么？根据"I'll talk to my manager."我会和我的经理谈谈；以及"I'd like to talk to him myself!"我想亲自和他谈谈！故选A。
（2023高二上·月湖月考） 听录音，回答问题。
8．How does the woman feel about the result of the competition
A．Excited. B．Delighted. C．Disappointed.
9．Who was the winner
A．Amber. B．Mary. C．Linda.
10．What's the man's opinion about the judges
A．They were not fair.
B．They made a hard decision.
C．They didn't listen carefully.
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: What do you think of yesterday's singing competition
W: To be honest, I'm quite disappointed.
M: Really
W: Actually, I enjoyed most of the songs, but I just couldn't accept the result.
M: You mean the judges
W: Well, most listeners including me didn't understand why the judges didn't like Mary. It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Amber.
M: Ah, no wonder Mary's sister Linda was so upset.
W: Exactly, Mary had the most beautiful voice, didn't she
M: Well, Mary and Amber were indeed quite close. I guess it was hard for the judges.
W: I wish I could agree with you. But I still think Mary was the best.
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
8．问题：这位女士对比赛结果有何感想？根据"To be honest, I'm quite disappointed."老实说，我很失望。故选C。
9．问题：谁是获胜者？根据" It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Amber."当他们宣布获胜者是Amber时，真是令人震惊。故选A。保存进入下一题
10．问题：男士对法官有什么看法？根据"Mary and Amber were indeed quite close. I guess it was hard for the judges."Mary 和Amber确实很亲密。我想这对评委来说很难。故选B。
（2023高二上·月湖月考） 听录音，回答问题。
11．听录音，回答问题。
A．Ellen's determination to fulfill a childhood dream.
B．Ellen's ability to put her experience into words.
C．Ellen's attitude towards her colleagues.
D．Ellen's scientific and technic skills.
12．听录音，回答问题。
A．Those who want to become astronauts should have experience as aeroplanepilots.
B．Those who want to become astronauts should have more than one university degree.
C．Those who want to become astronauts should be a specific height.
D．Those who want to become astronauts should be good sports.
13．听录音，回答问题。
A．Spacewalking.
B．Working in mission control.
C．Coping with unexpected problems.
D．Working in conditions of weightlessness.
14．听录音，回答问题。
A．Do a study of the first people in space.
B．Do a project on Ellen Ochoa as part of their science coursework.
C．Find out more about the current state of space research.
D．Go to some talks on space travel in films and literature.
【答案】11．D
12．B
13．C
14．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: That was a really interesting article the tutor recommended about Ellen Ochoa, wasn't it, Bella
W: It certainly was, Tom. I found it particularly interesting to read about a spacewoman. There aren't too many of those around.
M: You're right there!
W: Anyway, I'm sure they'd be just as able as men to cope with all the challenges of the job. What I liked best were the sections which quoted her — I thought she was amazingly good at conveying what it was like to go into space.
M: True. And she's also obviously a very talented scientist.
W: Yes, she did amazing work and I think she sounds as if she must have been a wonderful colleague for the others in her team.
M: Absolutely, Bella! I also found the article interesting in what it said about the requirements for becoming an astronaut. I knew you'd have to have done loads of flight hours as an ordinary aircraft pilot of course. And I suppose it's not that surprising they want people who are good at sports and who aren't either too small or too tall.
W: Mm, well, I was surprised, Tom, that being shorter than the average person was not acceptable. I wouldn't have expected that to be an issue. But I never imagined that you needed to have a post-graduate degree. I don't think I even realised you had to be a graduate.
M: Me neither. I never imagined that. Anyway, she does have an interesting life, doesn't she
W: Yes, Tom, I know. Imagine walking in space. And having to work inside and outside the capsule when you're weightless!
M: Yes, that must be extraordinary. For me I think the most interesting bit would be having to deal with all the little unexpected problems that arise, having to sort things out within your little team. That must be amazing.
W: Well, we could always try to do a bit more research into that sort of area, if you like, Tom. I wonder if Ellen Ochoa's experiences might make a topic for that science coursework we've got to do next term. Or, you know, we could see what we could learn about everyone who's gone into space.
M: Well, I'm not sure about that. I was quite keen to do something on the funding of space research. Anyway, I suppose we could bear it in mind. But what I do fancy doing is going to a series of lectures I've seen advertised on astronauts and how they're portrayed in the cinema and in books.
W: Wow! That sounds brilliant! Do you mind if I come along too
M: Of course not, Bella. It'd be good to do it together.
Questions:
17. What makes Bella admire the astronaut Ellen Ochoa
18. Which of the following surprises Tom
19. What does Tom think is the most interesting part of Ellen's life
20. What do Tom and Bella both now decide to do
【点评】考查细节理解。首先理解题干，其次注意听句子，抓住关键词。
11．问题：是什么让Bella钦佩宇航员Ellen Ochoa？根据" I'm sure they'd be just as able as men to cope with all the challenges of the job. What I liked best were the sections which quoted her — I thought she was amazingly good at conveying what it was like to go into space."我相信他们和男人一样有能力应对这份工作的所有挑战。我最喜欢的是引用她的部分——我认为她非常善于传达进入太空的感觉。故选D。
12．问题：以下哪一项让Tom感到惊讶？问题：Tom认为 Ellen一生中最有趣的部分是什么？根据"But I never imagined that you needed to have a post-graduate degree. I don't think I even realised you had to be a graduate."但我从没想过你需要一个研究生学位。我想我甚至没有意识到你必须是一名毕业生；以及"Me neither. I never imagined that. "我也是。我从来没有想过。故选B。
13．问题：Tom认为 Ellen一生中最有趣的部分是什么？根据"For me I think the most interesting bit would be having to deal with all the little unexpected problems that arise, having to sort things out within your little team. That must be amazing."对我来说，我认为最有趣的一点是必须处理出现的所有意想不到的小问题，必须在你的小团队中解决问题。这一定很神奇。故选C。
14．问题：Tom和Bella现在都决定做什么？根据" For me I think the most interesting bit would be having to deal with all the little unexpected problems that arise, having to sort things out within your little team. That must be amazing."对我来说，我认为最有趣的一点是必须处理出现的所有意想不到的小问题，必须在你的小团队中解决问题。这一定很神奇；以及"we could always try to do a bit more research into that sort of area, if you like, Tom. I wonder if Ellen Ochoa's experiences might make a topic for that science coursework we've got to do next term." Tom，如果你愿意的话，我们可以试着对这类领域做更多的研究。我想知道Ellen Ochoa的经历是否会成为我们下学期要做的科学课程的主题。故选A。
（2023高二上·月湖月考） 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
15．What damage have the dirt and rocks done
A．They have buried houses.
B．They have covered up cars.
C．They have knocked over people.
16．When should the storm get calmer
A．By Friday afternoon.
B．By Saturday evening.
C．By Sunday evening.
17．How should people report a tip
A．By going to the police station.
B．By telling the weather reporter.
C．By calling a special phone number.
18．Who is searching for lost people
A．The government.
B．Their neighbors.
C．The news reporters.
【答案】15．A
16．C
17．C
18．A
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】Hello, this is Lisa with a special GMA Channel 7 weather report. People of Manila, it's Friday afternoon. The worst storm in many years has just hit the southern island of the Philippines. Besides powerful wind and lots of rain, it has already caused the ground to break apart, sending huge amounts of dirt and rocks down the hills. These events have caused the most damage. A lot of homes are buried, and many people are missing. If you live in an unsafe area, please leave your home immediately! Rising water is also expected after the storm has passed. Do not drive or walk through a pool of water today! It could be unexpectedly deep. The storm will probably be less violent by Sunday evening. But many parts of the south will still be dangerous through the next week. If you know someone is missing or needs help, please call 6328342. The government has set up this phone number for tips to help them rescue people.
【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
15．问题：泥土和岩石造成了什么损失？根据"A lot of homes are buried, and many people are missing."许多房屋被掩埋，许多人失踪。故选A。
16．问题：暴风雨什么时候才能平静下来？根据" The storm will probably be less violent by Sunday evening. "到周日晚上，风暴可能会减弱。故选C。
17．问题：人们应该如何汇报建议？根据"If you know someone is missing or needs help, please call 6328342. The government has set up this phone number for tips to help them rescue people."如果您知道有人失踪或需要帮助，请拨打6328342。政府设立了这个电话号码，提供帮助他们救人的提示。故选C。
18．问题：谁在寻找失踪的人？根据"The government has set up this phone number for tips to help them rescue people."政府设立了这个电话号码，提供帮助他们救人的提示。故选A。
三、阅读理解（本大题共16小题，共37.5分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考）阅读理解
We've dug deep to find 4 of the most exciting documentary films coming to a screen near you in 2022.
Last Exit: Space
Last Exit:Space, narrated by Werner Herzog, explores the human potential for settling in space and sending people where they've never been before. Since planet Earth is possibly going to hell (地狱) in a handbasket, the film promises to ask the question: where else might we call home Directed by his son Rudolph Herzog, Last Exit:Spacewill be available from March 10 on Discovery.
Gorbachev. Heaven
As leader of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev was once one of the most powerful people on the planet who governed a landmass so big that it covered 11 time zones. Gorbachev's legacy is a complex one — he oversaw the end of the Cold War but many Russians blame him for the Soviet Union's collapse. The BBC says this potentially fascinating look at one of the most significant figures from inside his own home will be airing in the very near future.
We Met InVirtual Reality
This film from director Joe Hunting beats fresh ground in that it is filmed entirely in virtual reality. Less about the technology itself, it is more an exploration of human connections and how these can develop in the 3D virtual world. Early reviews have been positive following its showing at Sundance. Expect a streaming release in late May this year.
2nd Chance
Hold your popcorn tightly when watching this. If the trailer (预告片) is anything to go by, there are going to be lots of near-death moments. 2nd Chancefrom Oscar-nominated director RaminBahranitells the story of Richard Davis, the wild and odd inventor of the modern bullet-proof vest. "All will be revealed as soon as a release date is confirmed. "RaminBahranipromised on April 5th.
19．What is probably the major concern in Last Exit: Space
A．Space travel is difficult for people.
B．Human beings may go to hell after death.
C．Human beings can't find their way back from space.
D．The earth will become unfit for human habitation.
20．Which documentary film suits people who are interested in studying history
A．Last Exit: Space. B．Gorbachev. Heaven.
C．We Met InVirtual Reality. D．2nd Chance.
21．In which section of a magazine can you find this text
A．Science & Technology. B．Fashion & Beauty.
C．Culture & Entertainment. D．Travel & Adventure.
【答案】19．D
20．B
21．C
【知识点】推理判断题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部将在2022年上映的四部最激动人心的纪录片。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
19．考查推理判断。根据Last Exit: Space部分中的"explores the human potential for settling in space and sending people where they've never been before. Since planet Earth is possibly going to hell in a handbasket, the film promises to ask the question: where else might we call home "探索了人类在太空定居的潜力，并将人们送往他们从未去过的地方。既然地球可能会变得一团糟，这部电影肯定会提出这样一个问题：我们还能把哪里称为家呢。可知，纪录片Last Exit: Space探索了人类在太空定居的潜力，可推知，该电影指出的主要问题可能是地球将变得不适合人类居住。故选D。
20．考查推理判断。根据Gorbachev. Heaven部分中的"Gorbachev's legacy is a complex one — he oversaw the end of the Cold War but many Russians blame him for the Soviet Union's collapse. "戈尔巴乔夫留下的遗产是复杂的——他见证了冷战的结束，但许多俄罗斯人指责他导致了苏联的解体。可推知，纪录片Gorbachev. Heaven适合有兴趣研究历史的人。故选B。
21．考查推理判断。根据第一段"We've dug deep to find 4 of the most exciting documentary films coming to a screen near you in 2022. "我们深入挖掘了4部最激动人心的纪录片，它们将在2022年上映。可知，本文介绍了几部纪录片，话题涉及科幻、文化、科技、发明等方面，从而推知，读者最有可能在杂志的文化与娱乐版块找到这篇文章。故选C。
（2023高二上·月湖月考）阅读理解
The "reading wars," one of the most confusing and disabling conflicts in the history of education, went on heatedly in the 1980s and then peace came. Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature).
Recent events suggest the conflict of complicated concepts is far from over. Teachers, parents and experts appear to agree that phonics is crucial, but what is going on in classrooms is not in agreement with what research studies say is required, which has aroused a national debate over the meaning of the word "phonics. "
Lucy M. Calkins, a professor at Columbia University's Teachers College and a much-respected expert on how to teach reading, has drawn attention with an eight-page essay. Here is part of her argument: "The important thing is to teach kids that they needn't freeze when they come to a hard word, nor skip past it. The important thing is to teach them that they have resources to draw upon, and to use those resources to develop endurance. "
To Calkins'scritics, it is cruel and wasteful to encourage 6-year-olds to look for clues if they don't immediately know the correct sounds. They should work on decoding — knowing the pronunciation of every letter group — until they master it, say the critics, backed by much research.
Calkins'sapproach "is a slow, unreliable way to read words and an inefficient way to develop word recognition skill," Mark S. Seidenberg, a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, said in a blog post. "Dr. Calkins treats word recognition as a reasoning problem — like solving a puzzle. She is committed to the educational principle that children learn best by discovering how systems work rather than being told. "
Many others share his view. "Children should learn to decode — i. e. ,go from print on the page to words in the mind — not by clever guesswork and inference, but by learning to decode," Daniel Willingham, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, told me. He said the inferences Calkins applauds are "cognitively(认知地) demanding, and readers don't have much endurance for it. … It disturbs the flow of what you're reading, and doing a lot of it gets frustrating. "
Yet a recent survey found that only 22 percent of 670 early-reading teachers are using the approach of phonics and what they mean by phonics is often no more than marking up a worksheet.
Both sides agree that children need to acquire the vocabulary and background information that gives meaning to words. But first, they have to pronounce them correctly to connect the words they have learned to speak.
Calkins said in her essay: "Much of what the phonics people are saying is praiseworthy," but it would be a mistake to teach phonics "at the expense of reading and writing. "
The two sides appear to agree with her on that.
22．Critics of phonics hold the opinion that ____.
A．children should be taught to use context
B．teaching phonics is both boring and useless
C．kids acquire vocabulary in hearing letter groups
D．pronunciation has nothing to do with meaning of words
23．Which of the following statements is Mark S. Seidenberg most likely to agree with
A．Tell me and I will forget; show me and I will remember.
B．Skilled reading is fast and automatic but not deliberative.
C．Word recognition skill should be developed in problem reasoning.
D．Learning to make reasonable inferences is also a way of decoding.
24．It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A．phonics approach has been proved to be successful
B．children don't shy away from difficulties in reading
C．the two reading approaches might integrate with each other
D．reading and writing are much more important than phonics
25．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．An everlasting reading war among critics
B．From print on the page to words in the mind
C．A battle restarts between phonics, whole language
D．Decoding and inferring confuse early-reading teachers
【答案】22．A
23．B
24．C
25．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；议论文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了自然拼读法和整体语言法之间的一场战争。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
22．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature)."自然拼读法的倡导者——通过学习每个字母组的发音来学习，似乎击败了整体语言法的倡议者——通过使用上下文等线索来学习，并接触许多好的文学作品。可知，反对自然拼读的人们认为要通过语境来来学习。故选A。
23．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Calkins's approach ‘is a slow, unreliable way to read words and an inefficient way to develop word recognition skill,'"Calkins的方法"是一种缓慢、不可靠的读词方式，也是一种发展单词识别技能的低效方式"；以及"Dr. Calkins treats word recognition as a reasoning problem—like solving a puzzle."Calkins博士将单词识别视为一个推理问题，就像解决一个难题一样。可推知，Mark S. Seidenberg会倾向于同意熟练的阅读是快速和自动的，而不是深思熟虑的。故选B。
24．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段"Both sides agree that children need to acquire the vocabulary and background information that gives meaning to words. But first, they have to pronounce them correctly to connect the words they have learned to speak."双方都同意，孩子们需要掌握赋予单词意义的词汇和背景信息。但首先，他们必须正确发音，以便将所学单词连接起来；以及倒数第二段"Calkins said in her essay: ‘Much of what the phonics people are saying is praiseworthy,' but it would be a mistake to teach phonics ‘at the expense of reading and writing.'"Calkins在她的文章中说："人们所说的很多语音知识都是值得称赞的"，但"以阅读和写作为代价"教授语音知识将是一个错误‘'和最后一段" The two sides appear to agree with her on that. "双方似乎都同意她的观点。可推知，这两种阅读方法可以相互融合。故选C。
25．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature)."自然拼读法的倡导者——通过学习每个字母组的发音来学习，似乎击败了整体语言法的倡议者——通过使用上下文等线索来学习，并接触许多好的文学作品；以及第二段中的"Teachers, parents and experts appear to agree that phonics is crucial, but what is going on in classrooms is not in agreement with what research studies say is required, which has aroused a national debate over the meaning of the word ‘phonics.'"教师、家长和专家似乎都同意语音至关重要，但课堂上发生的事情与研究报告所说的不一致，这引发了全国范围内对"语音"一词含义的争论。可知，本文是有关自然拼读法和整体语言法之间的讨论。故选C。
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
26．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
27．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if
________.
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
28．What did the follow-up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
29．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A．Unclear.
B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful.
D．Approving.
【答案】26．B
27．D
28．C
29．D
【知识点】细节理解题；观点态度题；段落大意；说明文；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国统计学家在1907年3月7日出版的一本关于"群体智慧"效应的书，并对这一理论进行了介绍。
【点评】考查阅读理解。推断题、观点态度题和主旨题从题型上看属于有难度的题型，推断题和观点态度题需要考生根据关键词，推断出所需要的信息；主旨题，则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
26．段落大意题。根据第二段中的"This effect capitalizes on the fact……这种效应利用了事实……"、"Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate有些人倾向于高估，有些人倾向于低估"和"hen enough of these errors are averaged together然后把足够多的误差平均起来"以及"If people are similar and tend to make the same errors如果人们是相似的，容易犯同样的错误"，可知该段落主要是探讨了一些假设和推断，结合选项，可知即是这种效果的潜在逻辑，故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据"The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许进行讨论时，这些群体的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确"，可知即使估计值不是完全独立的，平均精度也会提高，故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion在对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么"，可知后续研究的焦点是讨论的过程，故选C。
29．观点态度题。根据文章最后一句话"Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous虽然纳瓦哈人领导的研究有局限性，还有许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的"，可知作者对 Navaja 的研究是持支持态度的，故选D。
（2023高二下·越秀月考）阅读理解
The environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that offends our sense of justice. A business may maximize the amount of money it makes by damaging the environment and hurting people. When government regulation is effective, and the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big businesses may out-compete dirty ones, but the reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is ineffective and the public doesn't care.
It is easy to blame a business for helping itself by hurting other people. But blaming alone is unlikely to produce change. It ignores the fact that businesses are not charities but profit-making companies, and they are under obligation to maximize profits for shareholders by legal means.
Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the conditions that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable.
The public can do that by accusing businesses of harming them. The public may also make their opinion felt by choosing to buy sustainably harvested products; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices.
In turn, big businesses can exert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure. For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease, transmitted to humans through infected meat, the US government introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a fast-food company made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers dropped, the meat industry followed immediately. The public's task is therefore to identify which links in the supply chain are sensitive to public pressure.
Some readers may be disappointed or outraged that I place the ultimate responsibility for business practices harming the public on the public itself. I also believe that the public must accept the necessity for higher prices for products to cover the added costs of sound environmental practices. My views may seem to ignore the belief that businesses should act in accordance with moral principles even if this leads to a reduction in their profits. But I think we have to recognize that, throughout human history, government regulation has arisen precisely because it was found that not only did moral principles need to be made explicit, they also needed to be enforced.
My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish. I believe that changes in public attitudes are essential for changes in businesses' environmental practices.
30．The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that environmental damage ______.
A．is the result of ignorance of the public
B．requires political action if it is to be stopped
C．can be prevented by the action of ordinary people
D．can only be stopped by educating business leaders
31．In Paragraph 4，the writer describes ways in which the public can ______ .
A．reduce their own individual impact on the environment
B．learn more about the impact of business on the environment
C．raise awareness of the effects of specific environmental disasters
D．influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments
32．What pressure was given by big business in the case of the disease mentioned in Paragraph 5
A．Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains.
B．Meat packers persuaded the government to reduce their expenses.
C．A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law.
D．A fast-food company encouraged the government to introduce regulations.
33．What would be the best heading for this passage
A．Will the world survive the threat caused by big businesses
B．How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit
C．What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of businesses
D．Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause to the environment
【答案】30．C
31．D
32．C
33．D
【知识点】主旨大意；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了企业通过破坏环境和伤害人们来获得利益，这是很正常的，但仅仅指责企业是没用的，还需发挥公众的作用和影响力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
30．考查段落大意。根据第三段“Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the conditions that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable. ”我们对企业的指责也忽视了公众的最终责任，是他们创造出相应的条件，让企业可以通过破坏环境的政策来赚取利润。长期来看，无论是直接参与也好，通过政客也好，只有公众才有权力让这些破坏性的政策变得无利可图或者违背法律，让可持续的环保政策能够盈利。可知，公众能创造相应条件让企业通过破坏环境的政策来赚取利润，公众也可以通过行动让企业从破坏环境的政策变得无利可图，可知本段主要是讲可以通过普通人的行动来阻止。故选C。
31．考查细节理解。根据第四段“The public can do that by accusing businesses of harming them. The public may also make their opinion felt by choosing to buy sustainably harvested products；by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record；and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices. ”公众可以通过起诉企业伤害他们来实现这一点。公众也可以通过选择购买可持续收获的产品来表达自己的意见；通过选择本国政府将有价值的合同授予有良好环境记录的企业；并通过敦促其政府通过和执行要求良好环境做法的法律和法规。可知，在第四段中，作者描述了公众可以影响企业和政府的环境政策的方式。故选D。
32．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“In turn, big businesses can exert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure.”反过来，大企业可以对任何忽视公众或政府压力的供应商施加强大压力；以及“For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease, transmitted to humans through infected meat, the US government introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a fast-food company made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers dropped, the meat industry followed immediately. ”例如，在美国公众开始关注通过受感染的肉类传播给人类的疾病传播后，美国政府食品和药品管理局就出台规定，要求肉制品行业放弃可能涉及疾病传播风险的做法。但是，肉类加工商拒绝遵守这些规定，声称遵守规定的成本太高。然而，当一家大型快餐公司在消费者对其汉堡包的购买量大幅下降之后也提出相应的要求时，肉制品行业在几周的时间里就屈从了。可知，针对提到的疾病，在肉类加工商拒绝遵守这些规定的前提下，大企业给一家快餐公司强迫他们的肉类供应商遵守法律的压力。故选C。
33．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了主要写了企业通过破坏环境和伤害人们来获得利益，这是很正常的，但仅仅指责企业是没用的，还需发挥公众的作用和影响力。根据最后一段中的“I believe that changes in public attitudes are essential for changes in businesses'environmental practices.”我认为，公众态度的改变对企业环境实践的改变至关重要。可知，文章论述了企业通过破坏环境和伤害人们来获得利益，这是很正常的，但仅仅指责企业是没用的，还需发挥公众的作用和影响力，“大企业对环境造成的破坏应该受到谴责吗 ”符合本段的主旨。故选D。
四、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12. 5分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考）阅读七选五
Mental Health Crisis Among Teens Demands a New Approach
Since the CDC released its survey results last month showing alarmingly high rates of sadness and depressive thoughts among teens, fingers have been pointed from two sides at the causes of this crisis. 　34． 　. Others say that today's more secular(世俗的)culture has confused our most vulnerable young people. But neither side seems to grasp the true urgency of the issue.
According to the CDC's findings, more than one in five of the 17,000 high school students surveyed reported mental breakdown. Their rates of sadness and hopelessness are the highest in a decade, reflecting an increasing trend exacerbated by society's isolation(隔离)and stress. 　35． 　.
Parents as well as teachers and others who have direct contact with children must accept this preventive approach. It is crucial that they not be afraid to ask direct questions about depressive thoughts. 　36． 　. It is also especially important that parents understand what help is available to their children.
　37． 　. For example, we can demand equity equality, which means insurance coverage(保险范围)for behavioral illnesses health issues that is for physical , thus reducing the financial burden. We can also urge our congressmen to fund health programs and expand mental health professions. 　38． 　. Put the politics aside. There are lives in the balance.
A. And they should resist the false idea that raising a question creates a risk that was not there before.
B. This means that we must put aside our disagreements and approach this issue as a matter of life and death.
C. Some have argued that the climate issue has created an existential threat and accompanying anxiety.
D. Hospitalization may also be appropriate when the person in question shows an immediate danger to themselves.
E. At the macro(宏观的)level, our country can do so much more to help people struggling with mental health problems and their families.
F. It's time to stop blaming and turn our attention to this generation of struggling teenagers.
G. It's time for those who have the power to amplify(放大)their voices and drive change to focus on helping teenagers and families access the help they need.
【答案】34．C；35．F；36．A；37．E；38．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，当前，青少年的悲伤和抑郁情绪是一大心理问题。作者呼吁青少年的心理健康危机需要一种新的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇健康类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
34．根据空后"Others say that today's more secular(世俗的)culture has confused our most vulnerable young people. But neither side seems to grasp the true urgency of the issue."还有人说，今天更加世俗的文化让我们最脆弱的年轻人感到困惑。可知，下文指出了其他人的看法，所以空格处应说明一些人的看法。C. Some have argued that the climate issue has created an existential threat and accompanying anxiety."还有人说，今天更加世俗的文化让我们最脆弱的年轻人感到困惑。"符合语境，Some…Others…是常见句式。故选C。
35．根据空前"Their rates of sadness and hopelessness are the highest in a decade, reflecting an increasing trend exacerbated by society's isolation(隔离)and stress. "他们的悲伤和绝望率是十年来最高的，反映出社会的孤立和压力加剧了这一趋势。可知，上文反映了青少年心理健康问题的严重程度。空格处位于段末，应指出需要解决该问题。F. It's time to stop blaming and turn our attention to this generation of struggling teenagers. "是时候停止指责，把注意力转向这一代苦苦挣扎的青少年了。"承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
36．根据空前"It is crucial that they not be afraid to ask direct questions about depressive thoughts."至关重要的是，他们不要害怕直接询问有关抑郁想法的问题；以及空后"It is also especially important that parents understand what help is available to their children. "同样重要的是，父母要了解他们的孩子可以得到什么帮助。可知，本段围绕家长的做法展开。A. And they should resist the false idea that raising a question creates a risk that was not there before."他们应该抵制提出问题会带来前所未有的风险的错误想法。"说明父母应该抵制提出问题会带来前所未有的风险的错误想法，承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
37．根据空后"For example, we can demand equity equality, which means insurance coverage(保险范围)for behavioral illnesses health issues that is for physical , thus reducing the financial burden. "例如，我们可以要求公平平等，这意味着为身体健康问题的行为疾病提供保险，从而减轻经济负担。可知，下文通过举例说明空格处内容。E. At the macro(宏观的)level, our country can do so much more to help people struggling with mental health problems and their families. "在宏观层面上，我们国家可以做更多的事情来帮助有心理健康问题的人及其家人。"说明在宏观层面，国家应该怎么做，符合语境。故选E。
38．根据空前"We can also urge our congressmen to fund health programs and expand mental health professions. "我们也可以敦促我们的国会议员为健康项目提供资金，并扩大心理健康专业。可知，上文提到敦促我们的国会议员为健康项目提供资金，并扩大心理健康专业。G. It's time for those who have the power to amplify(放大)their voices and drive change to focus on helping teenagers and families access the help they need."是时候让那些有能力扩大自己的声音并推动变革的人专注于帮助青少年和家庭获得他们需要的帮助了。"中的those who have the power to amplify(放大)their voices and drive change指代上文的congressmen，符合语境。故选G。
五、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15. 0分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考）完形填空
‘Small Data' Are Also Crucial for Machine Learning
Many people relate "artificial intelligence" with "big data. "There's a reason for that: some of the most prominent AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. Image 39． made great progress in the 2010s thanks to the development of ImageNet, a data set containing millions of images hand sorted into thousands of categories. More recently, GPT-3, a language model, was trained on 40． online texts to produce humanlike text in Jan,
2021.So it is not surprising to see AI being tightly connected with "big data" in the 41． imagination. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in "small data" approaches has grown extensively over the past decade. The so-called transfer learning serves as an especially 42． example.
Also known as "fine-tuning," transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have 43． data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. You need to first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller one related to your 44． problem. A research team working on German-language speech recognition, 45． , showed that they could improve their results by starting with an English-language speech model trained on a larger data set. Then, they used transfer learning to 46． that model for a smaller data set of German-language audio.
Small data approaches such as transfer learning are more 47． than more data-intensive methods. They can promote progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards that occur relatively 48． .In this context, small data approaches will become increasingly important as more organizations look to diversify AI application areas and invest in previously 49． fields.
Despite the progress in research, transfer learning has received relatively little 50． .While many machine learning experts are likely familiar with it at this point, the existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and 51． .
As long as the success of small data technique like transfer learning is 52． ,resources can be allocated to support their widespread use. In that case, we can help correct the popular 53． regarding the role of data in AI and foster innovation in new directions.
39．A． standard B． classification
C． quality D． acquisition
40．A． writte B． limited C． spoke D． abundant
41．A． moral B． visual C． literary D． popular
42．A． complicated B． interesting
C． promising D． distinguished
43．A． extra B． different C． available D． few
44．A． personal B． specific C． technical D． potential
45．A． in addition B． or rather
C． in particular D． for example
46．A． adjust B． invent C． follow D． check
47．A． definite B． advantageous C． complex D． precise
48．A． remotely B． severely C． ultimately D． rarely
49．A． underexplored B． underestimated
C． underpopulated D． underqualified
50．A． guidance B． respect C． supervision D． visibility
51．A． publication B． adoption C． tracking D． polishing
52．A． celebrated B． evaluated C． recognized D． diversified
53．A． challenge B． concer
C． fear D． misunderstanding
【答案】39．B；40．D；41．D；42．C；43．D；44．B；45．D；46．A；47．B；48．D；49．A；50．D；51．B；52．C；53．D
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集型"大数据"更有优势，但它还需要得到认可，才会有更多的资源来支持它的广泛使用。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
39．句意：由于图网的发展，图像分类在21世纪10年代取得了巨大的进步。图网是一个包含了数以百万计的图像的数据集，其中的图像被手工分类成了数千个类别。A. standard"标准"；B. classification "分类"；C. quality"品质"；D. acquisition"习得"。根据空后"thanks to the development of ImageNet, a data set containing millions of images hand sorted into thousands of categories."可知，图网是一个对图像进行分类的数据集，所以图网的发展推动了图像分类的巨大进步。故选B。
40．句意：最近，一种语言模型GPT-3，通过对大量线上文本的训练，于2021年1月生成了类似人类的文本。A. written"书面的"；B. limited"有限的"；C. spoken"口头的"；D. abundant"大量的"。根据下文"So it is not surprising to see AI being tightly connected with ‘big data'"可知，由上文的例子得出人工智能与"大数据"联系紧密这一结果，反之，上文事例中的语言模型GPT-3利用了"大数据"，即大量的线上文本。故选D。
41．句意：因此，在普遍的想象中，人工智能与"大数据"联系紧密，这并不奇怪。A. moral"道德的"；B. visual"视觉的"；C. literary"文学的"；D. popular"普遍的，受欢迎的"。根据上文"Many people relate ‘artificial intelligence' with ‘big data.'"和上文两个具体事例可知，人工智能与"大数据"联系紧密是普遍的认识，是普遍的想象。故选D。
42．句意：但人工智能不仅仅与大数据有关，过去十年中，对"小数据"方法的研究得到了广泛发展。所谓的迁移学习就是一个特别有前景的例子。A. complicated"复杂的"；B. interesting"有趣的"；C. promising"有希望的，有前途的"；D. distinguished"卓越的"。根据下文"They can promote progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards that occur relatively 10 ."可知，迁移学习是有前途的。故选C。
43．句意：迁移学习，也即"微调"，可以在当你感兴趣的事项上数据很少，而相似问题上有丰富的数据时发挥作用。A. extra "额外的"；B. different"不同的"；C. available"可用的"；D. few"很少"。根据空后"but"可知，前后文有对比关系，"abundant data on a related problem"与"few data on the task of interest"形成对比。故选D。
44．句意：首先你用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练。A. personal"个人的"；B. specific"特定的"；C. technical"技术的"；D. potential"潜在的"。根据下文"English-language speech model"和"German-language speech recognition"可知，先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，再针对特定的问题用较小的数据集进行再训练。故选B。
45．句意：例如，一个研究德语语音识别的团队表明，他们可以通过在更大的数据集上训练英语语音模型来改善他们的结果。A. in addition"另外"；B. or rather"更精确地说"；C. in particular"尤其"；D. for example"例如"。根据，提出先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练，本句用"德语语音识别"项目进行举例说明。故选D。
46．句意：然后，他们使用迁移学习来调整该模型，以适应更小的德语音频数据集。A. adjust"调整"；B. invent"发明"；C. follow"跟随"；D. check"检查"。上文提出先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练，根据上文"starting with"；以及空后"that model for a smaller data set of German-language audio."可推知，在用较小的数据集进行再训练时，需要调整模型。故选A。
47．句意：像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集型方法更有优势。A. definite"确定的"；B. advantageous"有利的"；C. complex"复杂的"；D. precise"精确的"。根据下文"They can promote progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards"可知，像迁移学习这样的小数据方法可以在很少或没有数据的领域取得进展，更有优势。故选B。
48．句意：它们可以促进在很少或没有数据的领域取得进展，例如在预测发生相对较少的自然灾害方面。A. remotely"偏僻地"；B. severely"严重地"；C. ultimately"最终"；D. rarely"很少"。根据空前"where little or no data exist"可知，这里说的是发生相对较少的自然灾害，所有很少或没有数据。故选D。
49．句意：在这种背景下，小数据方法将变得越来越重要，因为越来越多的组织希望使AI应用领域多样化，并投资于以前未开发的领域。A. underexplored"未充分开发的"；B. underestimated"被低估的"；C. underpopulated"人口稀少的"；D. underqualified"学历不足的"。 根据空前"diversify AI application areas"可知，更多的机构希望使AI应用的领域多样化，会投资于以前未开发的领域。故选A。
50．句意：尽管迁移学习的研究取得了进展，但它的关注度相对较低。A. guidance"指导"；B. respect"尊敬"；C. supervision"监督"；D. visibility"关注度"。根据下文"the existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers in positions of making important decisions"可知，迁移学习并未引起重视和关注。故选D。
51．句意： 虽然目前许多机器学习专家可能对它很熟悉，但迁移学习等技术的存在似乎还没有达到决策者更广泛的意识空间，他们能就人工智能的资金和采用做出重要决定。A. publication"出版"；B. adoption"采用"；C. tracking"追踪"；D. polishing"抛光"。根据空前"policymakers in positions of making important decisions"可知，决策者可以决定对一项技术的资金支持和技术的采用。故选B。
52．句意：只要像迁移学习这样的小数据技术的成功得到认可，就可以分配资源来支持它们的广泛使用。A. celebrated庆祝；B. evaluated"评估"；C. recognized"认识"；D. diversified"使……多样化"。根据上文"the existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers"；以及空后"resources can be allocated to support their widespread use"可推知，像迁移学习这样的小数据技术并未引起重视和关注，所有只有得到认可，才能获得更多的资源来支持它们的广泛使用。故选C。
53．句意：在这种情况下，我们可以帮助纠正关于数据在人工智能中作用的普遍误解，并在新的方向上促进创新。A. challenge"挑战"；B. concern"担心"；C. fear"害怕"；D. misunderstanding"误解"。根据上文"Many people relate ‘artificial intelligence' with ‘big data.'"和"But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in ‘small data' approaches has grown extensively over the past decade."可知，人们对数据在人工智能中的作用有普遍误解。故选D。
六、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15. 0分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make thepassage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Stop Asian Hate
During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, New York City saw a sharp increase in harassment and violence against Asian people and communities, especially Asian elders. Discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, age, and disability, including having or 　54． 　(perceive) to be exposed to COVID-19, is illegal under the Human Rights Law. 　55． 　the start of the pandemic, there has been a significant, troubling increase in anti-Asian hate crimes and bias incidents. These have been verbal attacks, physical and even things like the tragic shooting of eight Asian-American spa technicians in Atlanta, Georgia. Beginning in February of 2020, we received a sevenfold increase in reports of anti-Asian harassment, discrimination, and violence. It is crucial to note that hate crimes and bias incidents have been found to be vastly under-reported 　56． 　these numbers reflect just a fraction.
We all want to live in a world that is free from prejudice and　57． 　everyone has the right to be proud of who they are. Unfortunately, this is a pretty tough ask. We've joined forces with other establishments to bring you some resources of the movement of Stop Asian Hate, 　58． 　the aim is to an end to the rising tide of racism against east and south east asian(ESEA) people.
Since the pandemic, something has been made nasty in the media by comments from Donald Trump calling it "the China virus", and ESEA people all over the world have found that their lives have been turned upside down. In the wake of the tragic deaths in the US and several studies 　59． 　(reveal) the real increase of racism against this minority, the Stop Asian Hate movement started a conversation about what is going on. You can find out all about it on this website, and get resources and support to help you if you are dealing with the impacts 　60． 　racism.
Working towards a world where no racism exists is always important to us, and will always be something 　61． 　need to strive towards. The thing is, a lot of conversations around racism fail to distinguish between the multiple groups of people who are affected, and the issues 　62． 　(face) by ESEA people will be completely different to other people of colour.
　63． 　the growth of attacks and hate crimes still on the rise, we want to give you the tools to be able to understand the value and necessity of our voice, and how to stand up and fight back.
【答案】54．being perceived；55．Since；56．so；57．where；58．of which；59．revealing；60．of；61．we；62．faced；63．With
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了疫情期间，美国针对亚洲人的仇恨犯罪和偏见事件显著增加，文章的发布者开展了Stop Asian Hate运动，希望能给受到歧视的亚洲人帮助。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，介词，连词，定语从句，代词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
54．句意：根据《人权法》，基于种族、国籍、年龄和残疾的歧视，包括曾经或被认为接触过COVID-19，是非法的。perceive，其逻辑主语是人，两者是被动关系，应该用被动语态，又此处和前文的having并列，应该用动名词形式，所以应该用动名词的被动式。故填being perceived。
55．句意：自疫情开始以来，针对亚洲人的仇恨犯罪和偏见事件出现了令人不安的显著增加。根据句意可知，表达"自…以来"之意，应用since，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Since。
56．句意：值得注意的是，仇恨犯罪和偏见事件被发现严重漏报，因此这些数字只反映了一小部分。分析句子结构可知，"It is crucial to note that hate crimes and bias incidents have been found to be vastly under-reported"和"these numbers reflect just a fraction"两句话构成因果关系，所以应该用连词so连接。故填so。
57．句意：我们都希望生活在一个没有偏见的世界，每个人都有权利为自己感到自豪。分析句子结构可知，and连接的是两个定语从句修饰world，所以空处引导的是定语从句，从句中结构完整，先行词是world，在从句中做地点状语，应该用where引导。故填where。
58．句意：我们已经与其他机构联手，为您带来一些停止亚洲仇恨运动的资源，其目的是结束对东亚和东南亚人(ESEA)的种族主义浪潮。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是movement，从句中aim缺少定语，因为前有the修饰，不能用whose，引导，所以应该用of which引导。故填of which。
59．句意：在美国发生了几起悲惨的死亡事件，几项研究揭示了针对这一少数族裔的种族主义的真实增长之后，"停止亚洲仇恨"(Stop Asian Hate)运动就正在发生的事情展开了一场对话。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词started，所以reveal用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是studies，两者间是主动关系，描述的是已发生的事，所以用现在分词，故填revealing。
60．句意：你可以在这个网站上找到关于它的一切，如果你正在处理种族主义的影响，你可以获得资源和支持来帮助你。impact of ...固定短语，"......（产生）的影响"，故填of。
61．句意：努力建设一个不存在种族主义的世界对我们来说总是很重要的，也是我们需要努力实现的目标。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子是定语从句，关系代词在从句中做宾语而省略，所以从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知，表达的是"我们需要努力"之意。故填we。
62．句意：问题是，很多关于种族主义的对话都没有区分受影响的多个群体，而且ESEA人面临的问题与其他有色人种完全不同。分析句子结构可知，本句是who引导的定语从句，and引导的并列句，后句已有谓语动词will be，所以face应该用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语是issues，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填faced。
63．句意：随着攻击和仇恨犯罪的增长，我们希望给你一些工具，让你能够理解我们声音的价值和必要性，以及如何站出来反击。根据句意可知，此处表达"随着攻击和仇恨犯罪的增长"之意，作伴随状语，应该用with引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填With。
七、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40. 0分）
64．（2023高二上·月湖月考）由于人类活动破坏了野生动物的生活环境和空间，使许多野生动物濒临灭绝，据统计世界上每天大约有75种生物灭绝。针对这一现象，请你代表学生会，向同学们发出倡议保护野生动物。
内容包括：1.野生动物灭绝的原因（栖息地的破坏；寻求其皮毛等）2.保护措施（严惩非法捕杀；建立自然保护区；唤醒人们的保护意识等）
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
提示词：自然保护区natural reserves 捕猎者 hunter
Dear fellow students,
The Students Union
【答案】One possible version:
Dear fellow students,
It is reported that almost 75 kinds of wild animals are disappearing in the world each day. As is known to all, animals are of great importance to us human beings. As a consequence, I, on behalf of the Students' Union, am sincerely appealing you to make joint efforts to put an end to this situation.
First and foremost, it's better to arouse our awareness of the importance of preserving wildlife. In addition, it is suggested that strict laws should be made to ban people from hunting and trading. Last but not least, more natural reserves are expected to be set up so that animals can live in peace and safety.
Only when we learn to live in harmony with wildlife and nature can we save our planet. Let's take action now! I'm firmly convinced that our efforts will eventually pay off.
The Students' Union
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生代表学生会，向同学们发出倡议保护野生动物。写作背景：由于人类活动破坏了野生动物的生活环境和空间，使许多野生动物濒临灭绝，据统计世界上每天大约有75种生物灭绝 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1.野生动物灭绝的原因（栖息地的破坏；寻求其皮毛等）2.保护措施（严惩非法捕杀；建立自然保护区；唤醒人们的保护意识等） 。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It is reported that almost 75 kinds of wild animals are disappearing in the world each day.运用了it作形式主语，主语从句； As is known to all, animals are of great importance to us human beings. 运用了非限制性定语从句；First and foremost, it's better to arouse our awareness of the importance of preserving wildlife.运用了it作形式主语； In addition, it is suggested that strict laws should be made to ban people from hunting and trading.运用了主语从句，虚拟语气； Last but not least, more natural reserves are expected to be set up so that animals can live in peace and safety.运用了被动语态，目的状语从句；Only when we learn to live in harmony with wildlife and nature can we save our planet. 运用了时间状语从句，倒装句；Let's take action now! 运用了祈使句；I'm firmly convinced that our efforts will eventually pay off.运用了宾语从句。
65．（2023高二上·月湖月考）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I neededto do something in my community (社区) in order to complete the community service hours required to graduate from high school. Some of my friends had signed up tospend time at a soup kitchen, so I did, too. It seemed like a good thing to do.
I thought that we would just be passing out dinners to those in need, but I found out we would be doing everything from preparing to serving the dinner. We began preparing the food, from mixing salad dressing to separating frozen meat. Much still needed to be done before dinner was served, but already outside the building manyhomelesspeople were gathering. It wasn't until a couple of hours later that we opened the doors and began serving dinner.
As the line of people came toward me, I got a little scared. I'd come face to face with the homeless: How should I act How would they treat me Would they hate me for having more than they did While some of the people looked very friendly, some of them looked so dangerous. I didn't have too much time to worry about it. I was assigned (分配) to serve the salad with the ladynext to me. She smiled at me and said if I needed help, she'd be right there, which I found quite comforting.
I had never seen so many people wanting food. They were of all ages and nationalities. Most of them woreclothesthat were torn and dirty. Some looked like they had tally given up onlife, while others seemed to be making the best of the situation, smiling and joking. Some were better off than others, but they all needed a good meal and a warm place toeat. It saddened me to think of how many people there were who didn't have a place to call home and the only food they got came from a soup kitchen.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
As they came in my direction, I put on my brightest and happiest smile.
Paragraph 2:
I was so happy that I had earned my service hours in this way.
【答案】One possible version:
As they came in my direction, I put on my brightest and happiest smile. I wanted to make them know that I was really anxious to help them. To my relief, they smiled politely back at me when they saw my smile, and I could see their exhaustion in their eyes. I wanted to know what they were going through and I was desperate to know what I could do for them. They nodded gratefully as I pushed my spoon into the pot and took a large spoonful and poured it into their bowls.
I was so happy that I had earned my service hours in this way. This experience made me realize that there are so many people in this world who need our help. It also made me realize that our small act of kindness can make them feel warm and make a great difference to them. I will never forget the way they looked at me when they were given food. I am anxious to urge the world to do 湖北省市温德克英联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期8月开学综合性难度选拔考试英语试题
一、听录音，回答问题。（5分）
1．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What can be concluded about Keven from the conversation
A．He wants to buy the new car
B．He thinks his signature is necessary
C．He has already signed a contract
D．He doesn't always say what he means.
2．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What does the man mean
A．A cold drink can be relaxing.
B．Scott and Tina like to play jocks on each other.
C．Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations
3．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What are the speakers mainly discussing
A．How customers could be best served.
B．What kind of stores can offer lower prices.
C．Whether online stores will replace high-street stores.
4．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What does the man mean
A．The lady should stop being patient.
B．He can't understand the lady's feeling.
C．The lady should not blame others.
D．Nobody may be interested in her problem.
5．（2023高二上·月湖月考） What does the man think of the party
A．He doesn't like the part.
B．He hates to prepare for the party.
C．It is worthwhile to prepare for the party.
二、听录音，回答问题。（15分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考） 听录音，回答问题。
6．Whom did the woman buy the sweater for
A．A friend. B．A family member. C．Herself.
7．What will the woman do next
A．Talk to the manager.
B．Show the receipt.
C．Leave the store.
（2023高二上·月湖月考） 听录音，回答问题。
8．How does the woman feel about the result of the competition
A．Excited. B．Delighted. C．Disappointed.
9．Who was the winner
A．Amber. B．Mary. C．Linda.
10．What's the man's opinion about the judges
A．They were not fair.
B．They made a hard decision.
C．They didn't listen carefully.
（2023高二上·月湖月考） 听录音，回答问题。
11．听录音，回答问题。
A．Ellen's determination to fulfill a childhood dream.
B．Ellen's ability to put her experience into words.
C．Ellen's attitude towards her colleagues.
D．Ellen's scientific and technic skills.
12．听录音，回答问题。
A．Those who want to become astronauts should have experience as aeroplanepilots.
B．Those who want to become astronauts should have more than one university degree.
C．Those who want to become astronauts should be a specific height.
D．Those who want to become astronauts should be good sports.
13．听录音，回答问题。
A．Spacewalking.
B．Working in mission control.
C．Coping with unexpected problems.
D．Working in conditions of weightlessness.
14．听录音，回答问题。
A．Do a study of the first people in space.
B．Do a project on Ellen Ochoa as part of their science coursework.
C．Find out more about the current state of space research.
D．Go to some talks on space travel in films and literature.
（2023高二上·月湖月考） 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
15．What damage have the dirt and rocks done
A．They have buried houses.
B．They have covered up cars.
C．They have knocked over people.
16．When should the storm get calmer
A．By Friday afternoon.
B．By Saturday evening.
C．By Sunday evening.
17．How should people report a tip
A．By going to the police station.
B．By telling the weather reporter.
C．By calling a special phone number.
18．Who is searching for lost people
A．The government.
B．Their neighbors.
C．The news reporters.
三、阅读理解（本大题共16小题，共37.5分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考）阅读理解
We've dug deep to find 4 of the most exciting documentary films coming to a screen near you in 2022.
Last Exit: Space
Last Exit:Space, narrated by Werner Herzog, explores the human potential for settling in space and sending people where they've never been before. Since planet Earth is possibly going to hell (地狱) in a handbasket, the film promises to ask the question: where else might we call home Directed by his son Rudolph Herzog, Last Exit:Spacewill be available from March 10 on Discovery.
Gorbachev. Heaven
As leader of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev was once one of the most powerful people on the planet who governed a landmass so big that it covered 11 time zones. Gorbachev's legacy is a complex one — he oversaw the end of the Cold War but many Russians blame him for the Soviet Union's collapse. The BBC says this potentially fascinating look at one of the most significant figures from inside his own home will be airing in the very near future.
We Met InVirtual Reality
This film from director Joe Hunting beats fresh ground in that it is filmed entirely in virtual reality. Less about the technology itself, it is more an exploration of human connections and how these can develop in the 3D virtual world. Early reviews have been positive following its showing at Sundance. Expect a streaming release in late May this year.
2nd Chance
Hold your popcorn tightly when watching this. If the trailer (预告片) is anything to go by, there are going to be lots of near-death moments. 2nd Chancefrom Oscar-nominated director RaminBahranitells the story of Richard Davis, the wild and odd inventor of the modern bullet-proof vest. "All will be revealed as soon as a release date is confirmed. "RaminBahranipromised on April 5th.
19．What is probably the major concern in Last Exit: Space
A．Space travel is difficult for people.
B．Human beings may go to hell after death.
C．Human beings can't find their way back from space.
D．The earth will become unfit for human habitation.
20．Which documentary film suits people who are interested in studying history
A．Last Exit: Space. B．Gorbachev. Heaven.
C．We Met InVirtual Reality. D．2nd Chance.
21．In which section of a magazine can you find this text
A．Science & Technology. B．Fashion & Beauty.
C．Culture & Entertainment. D．Travel & Adventure.
（2023高二上·月湖月考）阅读理解
The "reading wars," one of the most confusing and disabling conflicts in the history of education, went on heatedly in the 1980s and then peace came. Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature).
Recent events suggest the conflict of complicated concepts is far from over. Teachers, parents and experts appear to agree that phonics is crucial, but what is going on in classrooms is not in agreement with what research studies say is required, which has aroused a national debate over the meaning of the word "phonics. "
Lucy M. Calkins, a professor at Columbia University's Teachers College and a much-respected expert on how to teach reading, has drawn attention with an eight-page essay. Here is part of her argument: "The important thing is to teach kids that they needn't freeze when they come to a hard word, nor skip past it. The important thing is to teach them that they have resources to draw upon, and to use those resources to develop endurance. "
To Calkins'scritics, it is cruel and wasteful to encourage 6-year-olds to look for clues if they don't immediately know the correct sounds. They should work on decoding — knowing the pronunciation of every letter group — until they master it, say the critics, backed by much research.
Calkins'sapproach "is a slow, unreliable way to read words and an inefficient way to develop word recognition skill," Mark S. Seidenberg, a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, said in a blog post. "Dr. Calkins treats word recognition as a reasoning problem — like solving a puzzle. She is committed to the educational principle that children learn best by discovering how systems work rather than being told. "
Many others share his view. "Children should learn to decode — i. e. ,go from print on the page to words in the mind — not by clever guesswork and inference, but by learning to decode," Daniel Willingham, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, told me. He said the inferences Calkins applauds are "cognitively(认知地) demanding, and readers don't have much endurance for it. … It disturbs the flow of what you're reading, and doing a lot of it gets frustrating. "
Yet a recent survey found that only 22 percent of 670 early-reading teachers are using the approach of phonics and what they mean by phonics is often no more than marking up a worksheet.
Both sides agree that children need to acquire the vocabulary and background information that gives meaning to words. But first, they have to pronounce them correctly to connect the words they have learned to speak.
Calkins said in her essay: "Much of what the phonics people are saying is praiseworthy," but it would be a mistake to teach phonics "at the expense of reading and writing. "
The two sides appear to agree with her on that.
22．Critics of phonics hold the opinion that ____.
A．children should be taught to use context
B．teaching phonics is both boring and useless
C．kids acquire vocabulary in hearing letter groups
D．pronunciation has nothing to do with meaning of words
23．Which of the following statements is Mark S. Seidenberg most likely to agree with
A．Tell me and I will forget; show me and I will remember.
B．Skilled reading is fast and automatic but not deliberative.
C．Word recognition skill should be developed in problem reasoning.
D．Learning to make reasonable inferences is also a way of decoding.
24．It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A．phonics approach has been proved to be successful
B．children don't shy away from difficulties in reading
C．the two reading approaches might integrate with each other
D．reading and writing are much more important than phonics
25．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．An everlasting reading war among critics
B．From print on the page to words in the mind
C．A battle restarts between phonics, whole language
D．Decoding and inferring confuse early-reading teachers
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
26．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
27．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if
________.
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
28．What did the follow-up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
29．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A．Unclear.
B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful.
D．Approving.
（2023高二下·越秀月考）阅读理解
The environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that offends our sense of justice. A business may maximize the amount of money it makes by damaging the environment and hurting people. When government regulation is effective, and the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big businesses may out-compete dirty ones, but the reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is ineffective and the public doesn't care.
It is easy to blame a business for helping itself by hurting other people. But blaming alone is unlikely to produce change. It ignores the fact that businesses are not charities but profit-making companies, and they are under obligation to maximize profits for shareholders by legal means.
Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the conditions that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable.
The public can do that by accusing businesses of harming them. The public may also make their opinion felt by choosing to buy sustainably harvested products; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices.
In turn, big businesses can exert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure. For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease, transmitted to humans through infected meat, the US government introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a fast-food company made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers dropped, the meat industry followed immediately. The public's task is therefore to identify which links in the supply chain are sensitive to public pressure.
Some readers may be disappointed or outraged that I place the ultimate responsibility for business practices harming the public on the public itself. I also believe that the public must accept the necessity for higher prices for products to cover the added costs of sound environmental practices. My views may seem to ignore the belief that businesses should act in accordance with moral principles even if this leads to a reduction in their profits. But I think we have to recognize that, throughout human history, government regulation has arisen precisely because it was found that not only did moral principles need to be made explicit, they also needed to be enforced.
My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish. I believe that changes in public attitudes are essential for changes in businesses' environmental practices.
30．The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that environmental damage ______.
A．is the result of ignorance of the public
B．requires political action if it is to be stopped
C．can be prevented by the action of ordinary people
D．can only be stopped by educating business leaders
31．In Paragraph 4，the writer describes ways in which the public can ______ .
A．reduce their own individual impact on the environment
B．learn more about the impact of business on the environment
C．raise awareness of the effects of specific environmental disasters
D．influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments
32．What pressure was given by big business in the case of the disease mentioned in Paragraph 5
A．Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains.
B．Meat packers persuaded the government to reduce their expenses.
C．A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law.
D．A fast-food company encouraged the government to introduce regulations.
33．What would be the best heading for this passage
A．Will the world survive the threat caused by big businesses
B．How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit
C．What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of businesses
D．Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause to the environment
四、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12. 5分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考）阅读七选五
Mental Health Crisis Among Teens Demands a New Approach
Since the CDC released its survey results last month showing alarmingly high rates of sadness and depressive thoughts among teens, fingers have been pointed from two sides at the causes of this crisis. 　34． 　. Others say that today's more secular(世俗的)culture has confused our most vulnerable young people. But neither side seems to grasp the true urgency of the issue.
According to the CDC's findings, more than one in five of the 17,000 high school students surveyed reported mental breakdown. Their rates of sadness and hopelessness are the highest in a decade, reflecting an increasing trend exacerbated by society's isolation(隔离)and stress. 　35． 　.
Parents as well as teachers and others who have direct contact with children must accept this preventive approach. It is crucial that they not be afraid to ask direct questions about depressive thoughts. 　36． 　. It is also especially important that parents understand what help is available to their children.
　37． 　. For example, we can demand equity equality, which means insurance coverage(保险范围)for behavioral illnesses health issues that is for physical , thus reducing the financial burden. We can also urge our congressmen to fund health programs and expand mental health professions. 　38． 　. Put the politics aside. There are lives in the balance.
A. And they should resist the false idea that raising a question creates a risk that was not there before.
B. This means that we must put aside our disagreements and approach this issue as a matter of life and death.
C. Some have argued that the climate issue has created an existential threat and accompanying anxiety.
D. Hospitalization may also be appropriate when the person in question shows an immediate danger to themselves.
E. At the macro(宏观的)level, our country can do so much more to help people struggling with mental health problems and their families.
F. It's time to stop blaming and turn our attention to this generation of struggling teenagers.
G. It's time for those who have the power to amplify(放大)their voices and drive change to focus on helping teenagers and families access the help they need.
五、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15. 0分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考）完形填空
‘Small Data' Are Also Crucial for Machine Learning
Many people relate "artificial intelligence" with "big data. "There's a reason for that: some of the most prominent AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. Image 39． made great progress in the 2010s thanks to the development of ImageNet, a data set containing millions of images hand sorted into thousands of categories. More recently, GPT-3, a language model, was trained on 40． online texts to produce humanlike text in Jan,
2021.So it is not surprising to see AI being tightly connected with "big data" in the 41． imagination. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in "small data" approaches has grown extensively over the past decade. The so-called transfer learning serves as an especially 42． example.
Also known as "fine-tuning," transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have 43． data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. You need to first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller one related to your 44． problem. A research team working on German-language speech recognition, 45． , showed that they could improve their results by starting with an English-language speech model trained on a larger data set. Then, they used transfer learning to 46． that model for a smaller data set of German-language audio.
Small data approaches such as transfer learning are more 47． than more data-intensive methods. They can promote progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards that occur relatively 48． .In this context, small data approaches will become increasingly important as more organizations look to diversify AI application areas and invest in previously 49． fields.
Despite the progress in research, transfer learning has received relatively little 50． .While many machine learning experts are likely familiar with it at this point, the existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and 51． .
As long as the success of small data technique like transfer learning is 52． ,resources can be allocated to support their widespread use. In that case, we can help correct the popular 53． regarding the role of data in AI and foster innovation in new directions.
39．A． standard B． classification
C． quality D． acquisition
40．A． writte B． limited C． spoke D． abundant
41．A． moral B． visual C． literary D． popular
42．A． complicated B． interesting
C． promising D． distinguished
43．A． extra B． different C． available D． few
44．A． personal B． specific C． technical D． potential
45．A． in addition B． or rather
C． in particular D． for example
46．A． adjust B． invent C． follow D． check
47．A． definite B． advantageous C． complex D． precise
48．A． remotely B． severely C． ultimately D． rarely
49．A． underexplored B． underestimated
C． underpopulated D． underqualified
50．A． guidance B． respect C． supervision D． visibility
51．A． publication B． adoption C． tracking D． polishing
52．A． celebrated B． evaluated C． recognized D． diversified
53．A． challenge B． concer
C． fear D． misunderstanding
六、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15. 0分）
（2023高二上·月湖月考）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make thepassage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Stop Asian Hate
During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, New York City saw a sharp increase in harassment and violence against Asian people and communities, especially Asian elders. Discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, age, and disability, including having or 　54． 　(perceive) to be exposed to COVID-19, is illegal under the Human Rights Law. 　55． 　the start of the pandemic, there has been a significant, troubling increase in anti-Asian hate crimes and bias incidents. These have been verbal attacks, physical and even things like the tragic shooting of eight Asian-American spa technicians in Atlanta, Georgia. Beginning in February of 2020, we received a sevenfold increase in reports of anti-Asian harassment, discrimination, and violence. It is crucial to note that hate crimes and bias incidents have been found to be vastly under-reported 　56． 　these numbers reflect just a fraction.
We all want to live in a world that is free from prejudice and　57． 　everyone has the right to be proud of who they are. Unfortunately, this is a pretty tough ask. We've joined forces with other establishments to bring you some resources of the movement of Stop Asian Hate, 　58． 　the aim is to an end to the rising tide of racism against east and south east asian(ESEA) people.
Since the pandemic, something has been made nasty in the media by comments from Donald Trump calling it "the China virus", and ESEA people all over the world have found that their lives have been turned upside down. In the wake of the tragic deaths in the US and several studies 　59． 　(reveal) the real increase of racism against this minority, the Stop Asian Hate movement started a conversation about what is going on. You can find out all about it on this website, and get resources and support to help you if you are dealing with the impacts 　60． 　racism.
Working towards a world where no racism exists is always important to us, and will always be something 　61． 　need to strive towards. The thing is, a lot of conversations around racism fail to distinguish between the multiple groups of people who are affected, and the issues 　62． 　(face) by ESEA people will be completely different to other people of colour.
　63． 　the growth of attacks and hate crimes still on the rise, we want to give you the tools to be able to understand the value and necessity of our voice, and how to stand up and fight back.
七、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40. 0分）
64．（2023高二上·月湖月考）由于人类活动破坏了野生动物的生活环境和空间，使许多野生动物濒临灭绝，据统计世界上每天大约有75种生物灭绝。针对这一现象，请你代表学生会，向同学们发出倡议保护野生动物。
内容包括：1.野生动物灭绝的原因（栖息地的破坏；寻求其皮毛等）2.保护措施（严惩非法捕杀；建立自然保护区；唤醒人们的保护意识等）
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
提示词：自然保护区natural reserves 捕猎者 hunter
Dear fellow students,
The Students Union
65．（2023高二上·月湖月考）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I neededto do something in my community (社区) in order to complete the community service hours required to graduate from high school. Some of my friends had signed up tospend time at a soup kitchen, so I did, too. It seemed like a good thing to do.
I thought that we would just be passing out dinners to those in need, but I found out we would be doing everything from preparing to serving the dinner. We began preparing the food, from mixing salad dressing to separating frozen meat. Much still needed to be done before dinner was served, but already outside the building manyhomelesspeople were gathering. It wasn't until a couple of hours later that we opened the doors and began serving dinner.
As the line of people came toward me, I got a little scared. I'd come face to face with the homeless: How should I act How would they treat me Would they hate me for having more than they did While some of the people looked very friendly, some of them looked so dangerous. I didn't have too much time to worry about it. I was assigned (分配) to serve the salad with the ladynext to me. She smiled at me and said if I needed help, she'd be right there, which I found quite comforting.
I had never seen so many people wanting food. They were of all ages and nationalities. Most of them woreclothesthat were torn and dirty. Some looked like they had tally given up onlife, while others seemed to be making the best of the situation, smiling and joking. Some were better off than others, but they all needed a good meal and a warm place toeat. It saddened me to think of how many people there were who didn't have a place to call home and the only food they got came from a soup kitchen.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
As they came in my direction, I put on my brightest and happiest smile.
Paragraph 2:
I was so happy that I had earned my service hours in this way.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】D
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I don't know whether Keven favors the new car or not.
W: He said he liked it. But he didn't want to sign a contract.
【分析】问题：从对话中 关于 Keven可以得出什么结论？根据"He said he liked it. But he didn't want to sign a contract."他说他喜欢，但他不想签合同。故选D。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
2．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: With Scott and Tina both up for the same job, I feel nervous when they're in the same room.
M: I just try to act normally, like tell them a joke or something. That usually breaks the ice.
【分析】问题：男士是什么意思？根据"With Scott and Tina both up for the same job, I feel nervous when they're in the same room. " Scott 和Tina 都在做同一份工作，当他们在同一个房间时，我感到紧张，以及"I just try to act normally, like tell them a joke or something. That usually breaks the ice."我只是尽量表现得正常，比如给他们讲个笑话什么的。这通常会打破僵局。可推知他的意思是幽默在尴尬的情况下会有所帮助，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. Online stores can offer much lower prices than the high-street stores.
W: I doubt it. I think we'll always want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them.
【分析】问题：谈话人主要在讨论什么？根据" I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. Online stores can offer much lower prices than the high-street stores. "我认为网上购物将取代外出购物。网上商店可以提供比商业街商店低得多的价格；以及"I doubt it. I think we'll always want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them."我对此表示怀疑。我想在买东西之前，我们总是想亲自触摸一些东西，看看它们。可知他们在讨论网上商店是否会取代商业街商店。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
4．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: You just don't know what I feel! Everything is getting worse, because of him. M: Stop blaming other people. Be patient, and think positively.
【分析】问题：男士是什么意思？根据"You just don't know what I feel! Everything is getting worse, because of him."你就是不知道我的感受！因为他，一切都变得更糟了；以及"Stop blaming other people. Be patient, and think positively."别再责怪别人了。要有耐心，积极思考。可推知男士的意思是这位女士不应该责怪别人。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
5．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I'm really looking forward to the party. But it's all the hard work you have to do before that I don't enjoy.
W: Oh, it's fine. It gives us the chance to get the house nice and tidy.
【分析】问题：男士对这个聚会怎么看？根据"I'm really looking forward to the party. But it's all the hard work you have to do before that I don't enjoy.."我真的很期待这个聚会。但我不喜欢你以前所做的艰苦工作。可知他讨厌为聚会做准备。故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
【答案】6．B
7．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hello, I'd like to return this sweater. I have the receipt right here.
M: OK, let me take a look… Um…so you bought this over a month ago
W: That's right. It was a birthday present for my niece.
M: I'm sorry, ma'am. But if it has been over a month, we can't return your money.
W: Are you kidding me I haven't even opened the package, my friend!
M: Well, that is just our store rule.
W: There must be something you can do.
M: I'll talk to my manager.
W: I'd like to talk to him myself!
【点评】考查细节理解，首先理解题干，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
6．问题：女士给谁买了这件毛衣？根据"It was a birthday present for my niece."这是给我侄女的生日礼物。故选B。
7．问题：女士下一步会做什么？根据"I'll talk to my manager."我会和我的经理谈谈；以及"I'd like to talk to him myself!"我想亲自和他谈谈！故选A。
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: What do you think of yesterday's singing competition
W: To be honest, I'm quite disappointed.
M: Really
W: Actually, I enjoyed most of the songs, but I just couldn't accept the result.
M: You mean the judges
W: Well, most listeners including me didn't understand why the judges didn't like Mary. It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Amber.
M: Ah, no wonder Mary's sister Linda was so upset.
W: Exactly, Mary had the most beautiful voice, didn't she
M: Well, Mary and Amber were indeed quite close. I guess it was hard for the judges.
W: I wish I could agree with you. But I still think Mary was the best.
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
8．问题：这位女士对比赛结果有何感想？根据"To be honest, I'm quite disappointed."老实说，我很失望。故选C。
9．问题：谁是获胜者？根据" It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Amber."当他们宣布获胜者是Amber时，真是令人震惊。故选A。保存进入下一题
10．问题：男士对法官有什么看法？根据"Mary and Amber were indeed quite close. I guess it was hard for the judges."Mary 和Amber确实很亲密。我想这对评委来说很难。故选B。
【答案】11．D
12．B
13．C
14．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: That was a really interesting article the tutor recommended about Ellen Ochoa, wasn't it, Bella
W: It certainly was, Tom. I found it particularly interesting to read about a spacewoman. There aren't too many of those around.
M: You're right there!
W: Anyway, I'm sure they'd be just as able as men to cope with all the challenges of the job. What I liked best were the sections which quoted her — I thought she was amazingly good at conveying what it was like to go into space.
M: True. And she's also obviously a very talented scientist.
W: Yes, she did amazing work and I think she sounds as if she must have been a wonderful colleague for the others in her team.
M: Absolutely, Bella! I also found the article interesting in what it said about the requirements for becoming an astronaut. I knew you'd have to have done loads of flight hours as an ordinary aircraft pilot of course. And I suppose it's not that surprising they want people who are good at sports and who aren't either too small or too tall.
W: Mm, well, I was surprised, Tom, that being shorter than the average person was not acceptable. I wouldn't have expected that to be an issue. But I never imagined that you needed to have a post-graduate degree. I don't think I even realised you had to be a graduate.
M: Me neither. I never imagined that. Anyway, she does have an interesting life, doesn't she
W: Yes, Tom, I know. Imagine walking in space. And having to work inside and outside the capsule when you're weightless!
M: Yes, that must be extraordinary. For me I think the most interesting bit would be having to deal with all the little unexpected problems that arise, having to sort things out within your little team. That must be amazing.
W: Well, we could always try to do a bit more research into that sort of area, if you like, Tom. I wonder if Ellen Ochoa's experiences might make a topic for that science coursework we've got to do next term. Or, you know, we could see what we could learn about everyone who's gone into space.
M: Well, I'm not sure about that. I was quite keen to do something on the funding of space research. Anyway, I suppose we could bear it in mind. But what I do fancy doing is going to a series of lectures I've seen advertised on astronauts and how they're portrayed in the cinema and in books.
W: Wow! That sounds brilliant! Do you mind if I come along too
M: Of course not, Bella. It'd be good to do it together.
Questions:
17. What makes Bella admire the astronaut Ellen Ochoa
18. Which of the following surprises Tom
19. What does Tom think is the most interesting part of Ellen's life
20. What do Tom and Bella both now decide to do
【点评】考查细节理解。首先理解题干，其次注意听句子，抓住关键词。
11．问题：是什么让Bella钦佩宇航员Ellen Ochoa？根据" I'm sure they'd be just as able as men to cope with all the challenges of the job. What I liked best were the sections which quoted her — I thought she was amazingly good at conveying what it was like to go into space."我相信他们和男人一样有能力应对这份工作的所有挑战。我最喜欢的是引用她的部分——我认为她非常善于传达进入太空的感觉。故选D。
12．问题：以下哪一项让Tom感到惊讶？问题：Tom认为 Ellen一生中最有趣的部分是什么？根据"But I never imagined that you needed to have a post-graduate degree. I don't think I even realised you had to be a graduate."但我从没想过你需要一个研究生学位。我想我甚至没有意识到你必须是一名毕业生；以及"Me neither. I never imagined that. "我也是。我从来没有想过。故选B。
13．问题：Tom认为 Ellen一生中最有趣的部分是什么？根据"For me I think the most interesting bit would be having to deal with all the little unexpected problems that arise, having to sort things out within your little team. That must be amazing."对我来说，我认为最有趣的一点是必须处理出现的所有意想不到的小问题，必须在你的小团队中解决问题。这一定很神奇。故选C。
14．问题：Tom和Bella现在都决定做什么？根据" For me I think the most interesting bit would be having to deal with all the little unexpected problems that arise, having to sort things out within your little team. That must be amazing."对我来说，我认为最有趣的一点是必须处理出现的所有意想不到的小问题，必须在你的小团队中解决问题。这一定很神奇；以及"we could always try to do a bit more research into that sort of area, if you like, Tom. I wonder if Ellen Ochoa's experiences might make a topic for that science coursework we've got to do next term." Tom，如果你愿意的话，我们可以试着对这类领域做更多的研究。我想知道Ellen Ochoa的经历是否会成为我们下学期要做的科学课程的主题。故选A。
【答案】15．A
16．C
17．C
18．A
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】Hello, this is Lisa with a special GMA Channel 7 weather report. People of Manila, it's Friday afternoon. The worst storm in many years has just hit the southern island of the Philippines. Besides powerful wind and lots of rain, it has already caused the ground to break apart, sending huge amounts of dirt and rocks down the hills. These events have caused the most damage. A lot of homes are buried, and many people are missing. If you live in an unsafe area, please leave your home immediately! Rising water is also expected after the storm has passed. Do not drive or walk through a pool of water today! It could be unexpectedly deep. The storm will probably be less violent by Sunday evening. But many parts of the south will still be dangerous through the next week. If you know someone is missing or needs help, please call 6328342. The government has set up this phone number for tips to help them rescue people.
【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
15．问题：泥土和岩石造成了什么损失？根据"A lot of homes are buried, and many people are missing."许多房屋被掩埋，许多人失踪。故选A。
16．问题：暴风雨什么时候才能平静下来？根据" The storm will probably be less violent by Sunday evening. "到周日晚上，风暴可能会减弱。故选C。
17．问题：人们应该如何汇报建议？根据"If you know someone is missing or needs help, please call 6328342. The government has set up this phone number for tips to help them rescue people."如果您知道有人失踪或需要帮助，请拨打6328342。政府设立了这个电话号码，提供帮助他们救人的提示。故选C。
18．问题：谁在寻找失踪的人？根据"The government has set up this phone number for tips to help them rescue people."政府设立了这个电话号码，提供帮助他们救人的提示。故选A。
【答案】19．D
20．B
21．C
【知识点】推理判断题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部将在2022年上映的四部最激动人心的纪录片。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
19．考查推理判断。根据Last Exit: Space部分中的"explores the human potential for settling in space and sending people where they've never been before. Since planet Earth is possibly going to hell in a handbasket, the film promises to ask the question: where else might we call home "探索了人类在太空定居的潜力，并将人们送往他们从未去过的地方。既然地球可能会变得一团糟，这部电影肯定会提出这样一个问题：我们还能把哪里称为家呢。可知，纪录片Last Exit: Space探索了人类在太空定居的潜力，可推知，该电影指出的主要问题可能是地球将变得不适合人类居住。故选D。
20．考查推理判断。根据Gorbachev. Heaven部分中的"Gorbachev's legacy is a complex one — he oversaw the end of the Cold War but many Russians blame him for the Soviet Union's collapse. "戈尔巴乔夫留下的遗产是复杂的——他见证了冷战的结束，但许多俄罗斯人指责他导致了苏联的解体。可推知，纪录片Gorbachev. Heaven适合有兴趣研究历史的人。故选B。
21．考查推理判断。根据第一段"We've dug deep to find 4 of the most exciting documentary films coming to a screen near you in 2022. "我们深入挖掘了4部最激动人心的纪录片，它们将在2022年上映。可知，本文介绍了几部纪录片，话题涉及科幻、文化、科技、发明等方面，从而推知，读者最有可能在杂志的文化与娱乐版块找到这篇文章。故选C。
【答案】22．A
23．B
24．C
25．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；议论文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了自然拼读法和整体语言法之间的一场战争。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
22．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature)."自然拼读法的倡导者——通过学习每个字母组的发音来学习，似乎击败了整体语言法的倡议者——通过使用上下文等线索来学习，并接触许多好的文学作品。可知，反对自然拼读的人们认为要通过语境来来学习。故选A。
23．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Calkins's approach ‘is a slow, unreliable way to read words and an inefficient way to develop word recognition skill,'"Calkins的方法"是一种缓慢、不可靠的读词方式，也是一种发展单词识别技能的低效方式"；以及"Dr. Calkins treats word recognition as a reasoning problem—like solving a puzzle."Calkins博士将单词识别视为一个推理问题，就像解决一个难题一样。可推知，Mark S. Seidenberg会倾向于同意熟练的阅读是快速和自动的，而不是深思熟虑的。故选B。
24．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段"Both sides agree that children need to acquire the vocabulary and background information that gives meaning to words. But first, they have to pronounce them correctly to connect the words they have learned to speak."双方都同意，孩子们需要掌握赋予单词意义的词汇和背景信息。但首先，他们必须正确发音，以便将所学单词连接起来；以及倒数第二段"Calkins said in her essay: ‘Much of what the phonics people are saying is praiseworthy,' but it would be a mistake to teach phonics ‘at the expense of reading and writing.'"Calkins在她的文章中说："人们所说的很多语音知识都是值得称赞的"，但"以阅读和写作为代价"教授语音知识将是一个错误‘'和最后一段" The two sides appear to agree with her on that. "双方似乎都同意她的观点。可推知，这两种阅读方法可以相互融合。故选C。
25．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature)."自然拼读法的倡导者——通过学习每个字母组的发音来学习，似乎击败了整体语言法的倡议者——通过使用上下文等线索来学习，并接触许多好的文学作品；以及第二段中的"Teachers, parents and experts appear to agree that phonics is crucial, but what is going on in classrooms is not in agreement with what research studies say is required, which has aroused a national debate over the meaning of the word ‘phonics.'"教师、家长和专家似乎都同意语音至关重要，但课堂上发生的事情与研究报告所说的不一致，这引发了全国范围内对"语音"一词含义的争论。可知，本文是有关自然拼读法和整体语言法之间的讨论。故选C。
【答案】26．B
27．D
28．C
29．D
【知识点】细节理解题；观点态度题；段落大意；说明文；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国统计学家在1907年3月7日出版的一本关于"群体智慧"效应的书，并对这一理论进行了介绍。
【点评】考查阅读理解。推断题、观点态度题和主旨题从题型上看属于有难度的题型，推断题和观点态度题需要考生根据关键词，推断出所需要的信息；主旨题，则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
26．段落大意题。根据第二段中的"This effect capitalizes on the fact……这种效应利用了事实……"、"Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate有些人倾向于高估，有些人倾向于低估"和"hen enough of these errors are averaged together然后把足够多的误差平均起来"以及"If people are similar and tend to make the same errors如果人们是相似的，容易犯同样的错误"，可知该段落主要是探讨了一些假设和推断，结合选项，可知即是这种效果的潜在逻辑，故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据"The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许进行讨论时，这些群体的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确"，可知即使估计值不是完全独立的，平均精度也会提高，故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion在对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么"，可知后续研究的焦点是讨论的过程，故选C。
29．观点态度题。根据文章最后一句话"Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous虽然纳瓦哈人领导的研究有局限性，还有许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的"，可知作者对 Navaja 的研究是持支持态度的，故选D。
【答案】30．C
31．D
32．C
33．D
【知识点】主旨大意；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了企业通过破坏环境和伤害人们来获得利益，这是很正常的，但仅仅指责企业是没用的，还需发挥公众的作用和影响力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
30．考查段落大意。根据第三段“Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the conditions that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable. ”我们对企业的指责也忽视了公众的最终责任，是他们创造出相应的条件，让企业可以通过破坏环境的政策来赚取利润。长期来看，无论是直接参与也好，通过政客也好，只有公众才有权力让这些破坏性的政策变得无利可图或者违背法律，让可持续的环保政策能够盈利。可知，公众能创造相应条件让企业通过破坏环境的政策来赚取利润，公众也可以通过行动让企业从破坏环境的政策变得无利可图，可知本段主要是讲可以通过普通人的行动来阻止。故选C。
31．考查细节理解。根据第四段“The public can do that by accusing businesses of harming them. The public may also make their opinion felt by choosing to buy sustainably harvested products；by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record；and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices. ”公众可以通过起诉企业伤害他们来实现这一点。公众也可以通过选择购买可持续收获的产品来表达自己的意见；通过选择本国政府将有价值的合同授予有良好环境记录的企业；并通过敦促其政府通过和执行要求良好环境做法的法律和法规。可知，在第四段中，作者描述了公众可以影响企业和政府的环境政策的方式。故选D。
32．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“In turn, big businesses can exert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure.”反过来，大企业可以对任何忽视公众或政府压力的供应商施加强大压力；以及“For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease, transmitted to humans through infected meat, the US government introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a fast-food company made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers dropped, the meat industry followed immediately. ”例如，在美国公众开始关注通过受感染的肉类传播给人类的疾病传播后，美国政府食品和药品管理局就出台规定，要求肉制品行业放弃可能涉及疾病传播风险的做法。但是，肉类加工商拒绝遵守这些规定，声称遵守规定的成本太高。然而，当一家大型快餐公司在消费者对其汉堡包的购买量大幅下降之后也提出相应的要求时，肉制品行业在几周的时间里就屈从了。可知，针对提到的疾病，在肉类加工商拒绝遵守这些规定的前提下，大企业给一家快餐公司强迫他们的肉类供应商遵守法律的压力。故选C。
33．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了主要写了企业通过破坏环境和伤害人们来获得利益，这是很正常的，但仅仅指责企业是没用的，还需发挥公众的作用和影响力。根据最后一段中的“I believe that changes in public attitudes are essential for changes in businesses'environmental practices.”我认为，公众态度的改变对企业环境实践的改变至关重要。可知，文章论述了企业通过破坏环境和伤害人们来获得利益，这是很正常的，但仅仅指责企业是没用的，还需发挥公众的作用和影响力，“大企业对环境造成的破坏应该受到谴责吗 ”符合本段的主旨。故选D。
【答案】34．C；35．F；36．A；37．E；38．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，当前，青少年的悲伤和抑郁情绪是一大心理问题。作者呼吁青少年的心理健康危机需要一种新的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇健康类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
34．根据空后"Others say that today's more secular(世俗的)culture has confused our most vulnerable young people. But neither side seems to grasp the true urgency of the issue."还有人说，今天更加世俗的文化让我们最脆弱的年轻人感到困惑。可知，下文指出了其他人的看法，所以空格处应说明一些人的看法。C. Some have argued that the climate issue has created an existential threat and accompanying anxiety."还有人说，今天更加世俗的文化让我们最脆弱的年轻人感到困惑。"符合语境，Some…Others…是常见句式。故选C。
35．根据空前"Their rates of sadness and hopelessness are the highest in a decade, reflecting an increasing trend exacerbated by society's isolation(隔离)and stress. "他们的悲伤和绝望率是十年来最高的，反映出社会的孤立和压力加剧了这一趋势。可知，上文反映了青少年心理健康问题的严重程度。空格处位于段末，应指出需要解决该问题。F. It's time to stop blaming and turn our attention to this generation of struggling teenagers. "是时候停止指责，把注意力转向这一代苦苦挣扎的青少年了。"承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
36．根据空前"It is crucial that they not be afraid to ask direct questions about depressive thoughts."至关重要的是，他们不要害怕直接询问有关抑郁想法的问题；以及空后"It is also especially important that parents understand what help is available to their children. "同样重要的是，父母要了解他们的孩子可以得到什么帮助。可知，本段围绕家长的做法展开。A. And they should resist the false idea that raising a question creates a risk that was not there before."他们应该抵制提出问题会带来前所未有的风险的错误想法。"说明父母应该抵制提出问题会带来前所未有的风险的错误想法，承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
37．根据空后"For example, we can demand equity equality, which means insurance coverage(保险范围)for behavioral illnesses health issues that is for physical , thus reducing the financial burden. "例如，我们可以要求公平平等，这意味着为身体健康问题的行为疾病提供保险，从而减轻经济负担。可知，下文通过举例说明空格处内容。E. At the macro(宏观的)level, our country can do so much more to help people struggling with mental health problems and their families. "在宏观层面上，我们国家可以做更多的事情来帮助有心理健康问题的人及其家人。"说明在宏观层面，国家应该怎么做，符合语境。故选E。
38．根据空前"We can also urge our congressmen to fund health programs and expand mental health professions. "我们也可以敦促我们的国会议员为健康项目提供资金，并扩大心理健康专业。可知，上文提到敦促我们的国会议员为健康项目提供资金，并扩大心理健康专业。G. It's time for those who have the power to amplify(放大)their voices and drive change to focus on helping teenagers and families access the help they need."是时候让那些有能力扩大自己的声音并推动变革的人专注于帮助青少年和家庭获得他们需要的帮助了。"中的those who have the power to amplify(放大)their voices and drive change指代上文的congressmen，符合语境。故选G。
【答案】39．B；40．D；41．D；42．C；43．D；44．B；45．D；46．A；47．B；48．D；49．A；50．D；51．B；52．C；53．D
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集型"大数据"更有优势，但它还需要得到认可，才会有更多的资源来支持它的广泛使用。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
39．句意：由于图网的发展，图像分类在21世纪10年代取得了巨大的进步。图网是一个包含了数以百万计的图像的数据集，其中的图像被手工分类成了数千个类别。A. standard"标准"；B. classification "分类"；C. quality"品质"；D. acquisition"习得"。根据空后"thanks to the development of ImageNet, a data set containing millions of images hand sorted into thousands of categories."可知，图网是一个对图像进行分类的数据集，所以图网的发展推动了图像分类的巨大进步。故选B。
40．句意：最近，一种语言模型GPT-3，通过对大量线上文本的训练，于2021年1月生成了类似人类的文本。A. written"书面的"；B. limited"有限的"；C. spoken"口头的"；D. abundant"大量的"。根据下文"So it is not surprising to see AI being tightly connected with ‘big data'"可知，由上文的例子得出人工智能与"大数据"联系紧密这一结果，反之，上文事例中的语言模型GPT-3利用了"大数据"，即大量的线上文本。故选D。
41．句意：因此，在普遍的想象中，人工智能与"大数据"联系紧密，这并不奇怪。A. moral"道德的"；B. visual"视觉的"；C. literary"文学的"；D. popular"普遍的，受欢迎的"。根据上文"Many people relate ‘artificial intelligence' with ‘big data.'"和上文两个具体事例可知，人工智能与"大数据"联系紧密是普遍的认识，是普遍的想象。故选D。
42．句意：但人工智能不仅仅与大数据有关，过去十年中，对"小数据"方法的研究得到了广泛发展。所谓的迁移学习就是一个特别有前景的例子。A. complicated"复杂的"；B. interesting"有趣的"；C. promising"有希望的，有前途的"；D. distinguished"卓越的"。根据下文"They can promote progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards that occur relatively 10 ."可知，迁移学习是有前途的。故选C。
43．句意：迁移学习，也即"微调"，可以在当你感兴趣的事项上数据很少，而相似问题上有丰富的数据时发挥作用。A. extra "额外的"；B. different"不同的"；C. available"可用的"；D. few"很少"。根据空后"but"可知，前后文有对比关系，"abundant data on a related problem"与"few data on the task of interest"形成对比。故选D。
44．句意：首先你用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练。A. personal"个人的"；B. specific"特定的"；C. technical"技术的"；D. potential"潜在的"。根据下文"English-language speech model"和"German-language speech recognition"可知，先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，再针对特定的问题用较小的数据集进行再训练。故选B。
45．句意：例如，一个研究德语语音识别的团队表明，他们可以通过在更大的数据集上训练英语语音模型来改善他们的结果。A. in addition"另外"；B. or rather"更精确地说"；C. in particular"尤其"；D. for example"例如"。根据，提出先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练，本句用"德语语音识别"项目进行举例说明。故选D。
46．句意：然后，他们使用迁移学习来调整该模型，以适应更小的德语音频数据集。A. adjust"调整"；B. invent"发明"；C. follow"跟随"；D. check"检查"。上文提出先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练，根据上文"starting with"；以及空后"that model for a smaller data set of German-language audio."可推知，在用较小的数据集进行再训练时，需要调整模型。故选A。
47．句意：像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集型方法更有优势。A. definite"确定的"；B. advantageous"有利的"；C. complex"复杂的"；D. precise"精确的"。根据下文"They can promote progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards"可知，像迁移学习这样的小数据方法可以在很少或没有数据的领域取得进展，更有优势。故选B。
48．句意：它们可以促进在很少或没有数据的领域取得进展，例如在预测发生相对较少的自然灾害方面。A. remotely"偏僻地"；B. severely"严重地"；C. ultimately"最终"；D. rarely"很少"。根据空前"where little or no data exist"可知，这里说的是发生相对较少的自然灾害，所有很少或没有数据。故选D。
49．句意：在这种背景下，小数据方法将变得越来越重要，因为越来越多的组织希望使AI应用领域多样化，并投资于以前未开发的领域。A. underexplored"未充分开发的"；B. underestimated"被低估的"；C. underpopulated"人口稀少的"；D. underqualified"学历不足的"。 根据空前"diversify AI application areas"可知，更多的机构希望使AI应用的领域多样化，会投资于以前未开发的领域。故选A。
50．句意：尽管迁移学习的研究取得了进展，但它的关注度相对较低。A. guidance"指导"；B. respect"尊敬"；C. supervision"监督"；D. visibility"关注度"。根据下文"the existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers in positions of making important decisions"可知，迁移学习并未引起重视和关注。故选D。
51．句意： 虽然目前许多机器学习专家可能对它很熟悉，但迁移学习等技术的存在似乎还没有达到决策者更广泛的意识空间，他们能就人工智能的资金和采用做出重要决定。A. publication"出版"；B. adoption"采用"；C. tracking"追踪"；D. polishing"抛光"。根据空前"policymakers in positions of making important decisions"可知，决策者可以决定对一项技术的资金支持和技术的采用。故选B。
52．句意：只要像迁移学习这样的小数据技术的成功得到认可，就可以分配资源来支持它们的广泛使用。A. celebrated庆祝；B. evaluated"评估"；C. recognized"认识"；D. diversified"使……多样化"。根据上文"the existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers"；以及空后"resources can be allocated to support their widespread use"可推知，像迁移学习这样的小数据技术并未引起重视和关注，所有只有得到认可，才能获得更多的资源来支持它们的广泛使用。故选C。
53．句意：在这种情况下，我们可以帮助纠正关于数据在人工智能中作用的普遍误解，并在新的方向上促进创新。A. challenge"挑战"；B. concern"担心"；C. fear"害怕"；D. misunderstanding"误解"。根据上文"Many people relate ‘artificial intelligence' with ‘big data.'"和"But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in ‘small data' approaches has grown extensively over the past decade."可知，人们对数据在人工智能中的作用有普遍误解。故选D。
【答案】54．being perceived；55．Since；56．so；57．where；58．of which；59．revealing；60．of；61．we；62．faced；63．With
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了疫情期间，美国针对亚洲人的仇恨犯罪和偏见事件显著增加，文章的发布者开展了Stop Asian Hate运动，希望能给受到歧视的亚洲人帮助。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，介词，连词，定语从句，代词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
54．句意：根据《人权法》，基于种族、国籍、年龄和残疾的歧视，包括曾经或被认为接触过COVID-19，是非法的。perceive，其逻辑主语是人，两者是被动关系，应该用被动语态，又此处和前文的having并列，应该用动名词形式，所以应该用动名词的被动式。故填being perceived。
55．句意：自疫情开始以来，针对亚洲人的仇恨犯罪和偏见事件出现了令人不安的显著增加。根据句意可知，表达"自…以来"之意，应用since，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Since。
56．句意：值得注意的是，仇恨犯罪和偏见事件被发现严重漏报，因此这些数字只反映了一小部分。分析句子结构可知，"It is crucial to note that hate crimes and bias incidents have been found to be vastly under-reported"和"these numbers reflect just a fraction"两句话构成因果关系，所以应该用连词so连接。故填so。
57．句意：我们都希望生活在一个没有偏见的世界，每个人都有权利为自己感到自豪。分析句子结构可知，and连接的是两个定语从句修饰world，所以空处引导的是定语从句，从句中结构完整，先行词是world，在从句中做地点状语，应该用where引导。故填where。
58．句意：我们已经与其他机构联手，为您带来一些停止亚洲仇恨运动的资源，其目的是结束对东亚和东南亚人(ESEA)的种族主义浪潮。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是movement，从句中aim缺少定语，因为前有the修饰，不能用whose，引导，所以应该用of which引导。故填of which。
59．句意：在美国发生了几起悲惨的死亡事件，几项研究揭示了针对这一少数族裔的种族主义的真实增长之后，"停止亚洲仇恨"(Stop Asian Hate)运动就正在发生的事情展开了一场对话。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词started，所以reveal用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是studies，两者间是主动关系，描述的是已发生的事，所以用现在分词，故填revealing。
60．句意：你可以在这个网站上找到关于它的一切，如果你正在处理种族主义的影响，你可以获得资源和支持来帮助你。impact of ...固定短语，"......（产生）的影响"，故填of。
61．句意：努力建设一个不存在种族主义的世界对我们来说总是很重要的，也是我们需要努力实现的目标。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子是定语从句，关系代词在从句中做宾语而省略，所以从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知，表达的是"我们需要努力"之意。故填we。
62．句意：问题是，很多关于种族主义的对话都没有区分受影响的多个群体，而且ESEA人面临的问题与其他有色人种完全不同。分析句子结构可知，本句是who引导的定语从句，and引导的并列句，后句已有谓语动词will be，所以face应该用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语是issues，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填faced。
63．句意：随着攻击和仇恨犯罪的增长，我们希望给你一些工具，让你能够理解我们声音的价值和必要性，以及如何站出来反击。根据句意可知，此处表达"随着攻击和仇恨犯罪的增长"之意，作伴随状语，应该用with引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填With。
64．【答案】One possible version:
Dear fellow students,
It is reported that almost 75 kinds of wild animals are disappearing in the world each day. As is known to all, animals are of great importance to us human beings. As a consequence, I, on behalf of the Students' Union, am sincerely appealing you to make joint efforts to put an end to this situation.
First and foremost, it's better to arouse our awareness of the importance of preserving wildlife. In addition, it is suggested that strict laws should be made to ban people from hunting and trading. Last but not least, more natural reserves are expected to be set up so that animals can live in peace and safety.
Only when we learn to live in harmony with wildlife and nature can we save our planet. Let's take action now! I'm firmly convinced that our efforts will eventually pay off.
The Students' Union
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生代表学生会，向同学们发出倡议保护野生动物。写作背景：由于人类活动破坏了野生动物的生活环境和空间，使许多野生动物濒临灭绝，据统计世界上每天大约有75种生物灭绝 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1.野生动物灭绝的原因（栖息地的破坏；寻求其皮毛等）2.保护措施（严惩非法捕杀；建立自然保护区；唤醒人们的保护意识等） 。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It is reported that almost 75 kinds of wild animals are disappearing in the world each day.运用了it作形式主语，主语从句； As is known to all, animals are of great importance to us human beings. 运用了非限制性定语从句；First and foremost, it's better to arouse our awareness of the importance of preserving wildlife.运用了it作形式主语； In addition, it is suggested that strict laws should be made to ban people from hunting and trading.运用了主语从句，虚拟语气； Last but not least, more natural reserves are expected to be set up so that animals can live in peace and safety.运用了被动语态，目的状语从句；Only when we learn to live in harmony with wildlife and nature can we save our planet. 运用了时间状语从句，倒装句；Let's take action now! 运用了祈使句；I'm firmly convinced that our efforts will eventually pay off.运用了宾语从句。
65．【答案】One possible version:
As they came in my direction, I put on my brightest and happiest smile. I wanted to make them know that I was really anxious to help them. To my relief, they smiled politely back at me when they saw my smile, and I could see their exhaustion in their eyes. I wanted to know what they were going through and I was desperate to know what I could do for them. They nodded gratefully as I pushed my spoon into the pot and took a large spoonful and poured it into their bowls.
I was so happy that I had earned my service hours in this way. This experience made me realize that there are so many people in this world who need our help. It also made me realize that our small act of kindness can make them feel warm and make a great difference to them. I will never forget the way they looked at me when they were given food. I