上海省浦东新区2023-2024学年高二上学期英语开学摸底
一、Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passag es coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Despite the popularity of dieting and exercising, more people are bigger than they used to be.
The US is the 1． (overweight) country in the world. But 2． many people's surprise, China ranks second, with 46 million obese (肥胖的) adults and 300 million overweight.
So why are so many Chinese getting overweight
According to The Wall Street Journal, China's weight has grown with its economy. With incomes growing, families 3． afford to eat a lot more food —especially fatty foods like meat. From 1980 to 2013, the average Chinese's meat consumption 4． (increase) from 12.7kg to 60kg per year.
Unhealthy lifestyles also contribute to China's obesity problems. Many Chinese families are eating more deep-fried and junk food while exercising little.
It is also likely 5． the family planning policy has created a land of little emperors, 6． are spoiled by their parents and not asked to do any labor at home, commented The Wall Street Journal.
The trend could lead to big problems, as obesity can have severe health consequences. According to the World Health Organization, around 2,8 million adults die each year 7． obesity-related diseases such as diabetes(糖尿病), heart diseases and cancer.
8． (encourage) exercise among Chinese, the government is working to increase the nation'public sporting areas to 1.5 square meters per capita by 2015, Xinhua reported. It is also considering adding PE to the national college entrance examination.
【答案】1．most overweight；2．to；3．can；4．increased；5．that；6．who；7．because of；8．To encourage
【知识点】说明文；新闻报道类；社会现象类
The illegal ivory trade (象牙贸易) has been a major problem in Africa for decades. Poachers (偷猎者) and hunters have killed hundreds of thousands of elephants to obtain this precious material. Now the areas in which they do it are taking action. The International Union for Conservation (保护) of Nature (IUCN）announced on Dec 3 that key states 9． poaching takes place have made a promise to stop the ivory trade and protect Africa's elephants.
Recently, top officials and experts from 30 states met to discuss how to protect Africa elephants. The conference, 10． (organize) by the IUCN and the government of Botswana, was held in Gaborone, Botswana's capital city.
In 11． 1980s, as many as 1 million elephants across Africa were killed for ivory. The ivory 12． (use) to make jewelry and other items. This continued until 1989, 13． the convention (大会) on International Trade in Species voted to ban all trade in ivory. Then, elephants'population slowly began to increase.
According to the IUCN, 2011 saw the highest levels of poaching and illegal ivory trading in at least 16 years. Around 25,000 elephants were killed in Africa that year. "With an estimated 22,000 elephants illegally 14． (kill) in 2012, we continue to face a critical situation," said John E. Scanlon, CITES Secretary- General.
At the meeting, key Africa states where elephants make 15． home agreed to develop a "zero-tolerance approach" to poaching. The deal calls for tough sentences for poachers and hunters, and increased cooperation between states where poaching and hunting is a big problem. All participants at the conference agreed to sign the deal. With these states 16． (come) together, there may be hope for elephants.
【答案】9．where；10．organized；11．the；12．was used；13．when；14．killed；15．their；16．coming
【知识点】说明文；政治经济类；新闻报道类；环境保护类
二、Grammar and Vocabulary Section B (10%)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. marriage B. hesitation C. complicated D. happening E. guilty F. celebrating G. duty H. performed I. famous J. disrespectful K. profited
Hamlet is the most 17． of William Shakespeare's plays. While you read this article, somewhere there is an actor on a stage pouring out his heart to the audience.
The character of Hamlet has a personal, painful quality that still draws readers and playgoers today as it did 400 years ago. The problems he faces, such as what is 18． and how he should respond to events, are ones we all face in our lives.
Hamlet is the young prince of Denmark. At the beginning, he is sad about his dead father. Everyone else around him is 19． the marriage of his mother Gertrude to her brother-in-law Claudius, the new king. Hamlet thinks that the short time between the death of his father and the marriage of his mother and uncle is 20． .
Hamlet is told that a spirit has been walking around Elsinore castle. He meets it and it says that his father was killed, and by his brother Claudius— it was "murder most horrid (可怕的)"! Now, the ghost instructs him, it is his 21． to avenge (报仇) .
Hamlet is in a terrible position. He does not know whether the ghost is who he says he is, or a being sent by the devil (魔鬼). Matters are 22． because Claudius is suspicious of his nephew. There is a cat-and-mouse game played between the king and Hamlet.
Hamlet has a play performed for the king which stages the way the ghost told him of his father's murder. Claudius reacts with horror, proving to hamlet that he is 23． . But Hamlet misses the opportunity to take his revenge.
He tells Gertrude he hates her 24． to Claudius. During their meeting he kills Polonius, who is the father of his love, Ophelia. Then, Lacerates comes back to the court. He's heard that his father, Polonius, has been killed, so he wants to kill Hamlet.
Cunning (奸诈的) Claudius attempts to play Lacerates and Hamlet against each other, and in the final scene it all goes horribly wrong.
One 25． speech in the play begins "to be or not to be": it is about how Hamlet can't decide whether to get out of his bad situation by killing himself. Hamlet is a thinking man. One who thinks too much in the world where others, like Claudius, show no 26． .
【答案】17．H；18．D；19．F；20．J；21．G；22．C；23．E；24．A；25．I；26．B
【知识点】说明文；短文填词；文学艺术类
三、Reading Comprehension Section A （1x2’）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines; a never-ending flood of words. In getting a job advancing, the ability to read and comprehend 27． can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 28． readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never 29． them. The main shortage lies in the actual stuff of language itself – words. Taken individually, words have little 30． until they are combined together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, 31． , the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He read one word at a time with difficulty, often regressing to 32． words or passages. Regression, namely, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common 33． habit in reading. Another bad habit which 34． the speed of reading is vocalization –sounding each word either 35． or mentally as one reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set a slightly 36． rate than the reader finds comfortable, in order to " 37． " him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically 38． . At first comprehension is 39． speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill 40． improved after some training. Take Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can go through a lot more reading material in a(n) 41． period of time.
27．A． quickly B． silently C． thoroughly D． vaguely
28．A． casual B． curiou C． efficient D． poor
29．A． acquire B． cultivate C． kick D． practice
30．A． formatio B． meaning
C． pronunciatio D． transformation
31．A． however B． moreover C． somehow D． therefore
32．A． recite B． reread C． reuse D． rewrite
33．A． horrible B． incurable C． social D． viewing
34．A． achieve B． gai C． measure D． reduces
35．A． orally B． physically
C． quietly D． repeatedly
36．A． better B． faster C． lower D． steadier
37．A． distract B． embarra C． interest D． stretch
38．A． demanding B． impossible C． reasonable D． useful
39．A． applied to B． matched with
C． sacrificed for D． substituted for
40．A． dramatically B． hardly
C． slightly D． subconsciously
41．A． indefinite B． lengthy C． limited D． set
【答案】27．A；28．D；29．C；30．B；31．A；32．B；33．A；34．D；35．A；36．B；37．D；38．B；39．C；40．A；41．C
【知识点】时文广告类；说明文；学习教育类
四、Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severa l questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
阅读理解
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are over concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making Do they like me Do I sound stupid Am I wearing unattractive clothes
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. A person's self concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a deep affect on all areas of their lives. Shy people ,have low self-esteem(自尊),are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior(自卑).They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise .A shy person may respond to praise with a statement like this one:" You're just saying that to make me feel good .I know it's not true." It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be completely got rid of, or at least reduced Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determination. It is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths, for example, not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have to be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to absence of inferiority. Each one of us has his or her own characteristics. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
42．The first paragraph is mainly about ____.
A．the thoughts of shy people
B．the cause of shyness
C．the effect of shyness on people
D．the questions in the minds of shy people
43．According to the writer, self awareness is ____.
A．harmful to people B．a weak point of shy people
C．the cause of unhappiness D．a good characteristic
44．What is the shy people's reaction to praise
A．They are pleased by it
B．They feel it is not true
C．They are very sensitive to it
D．They feel they are worthy of it
45．We can learn from the passage that shyness can ____.
A．help us to live up to our full development
B．enable us to understand ourselves better
C．block our chances for a successful life
D．have nothing to do with lack of self esteem
【答案】42．C
43．D
44．B
45．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；科普类；学习教育类；议论文
阅读理解
It was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me. He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat. I'd read the signs: "Don't give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers." So I shook my head and kept walking.
I wasn't prepared for a reply, but with no hesitation, he followed me and said, "I really am homeless and I really am hungry! You can come with me and watch me eat!" But I kept on walking.
The incident kept bothering me for the rest of the week. I had money in my pocket and it wouldn't have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he hadn't been a real beggar. On a freezing cold night, no less, I assumed the worst of a fellow human being.
Flying back to Anchorage, I couldn't help thinking of him. I tried to reason my failure to help by supposing government agencies, churches and charities were there to feed him. Besides, you're not supposed to give money to beggars.
Somewhere over Seattle, I started to write my weekly garden column for The Anchorage Daily News. Out of the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean's Cafe, a local charity service kitchen, feeds hundreds of hungry local people every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row of vegetables or flowers in their gardens for Bean's Plant a row for Bean's. It's clean and simple.
We didn't keep records back then, but the idea began to take off. Folks would fax me or call when they took something in. It's food for the spirit and comfort for my conscience.
In April 1995, the Garden Writers Association of America(GWAA) held their annual meeting in Anchorage and after learning our program, Plant a Row for Bean'sbecame Plant a Row For The Hungry. The idea then was to have every member write or talk about planting a row for the hungry, which brought the program to national attention.
As more and more people participated, new variations cropped up. Many companies gave free seeds to customers and displayed the logo for the program. Donations poured in. It was then that I could really stop feeling guilty.
46．The underlined word "swindlers" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A．policemen B．writers C．cheaters D．beggars
47．Why did the author think he assumed the worst of a fellow human being
A．Because he didn't show fair respect to a beggar treating him badly.
B．Because he could have helped a hungry man but he passed by.
C．Because he believed that no people begged because of real hunger.
D．Because he thought that charity work was the government's duty.
48．How did the author make up for what he had done
A．He set up a local kitchen to help the poor.
B．He planted a row of vegetables for charity.
C．He called on people to donate money to the Bean's.
D．He initiated the idea of Plant a row for Bean's.
49．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The beggar gave up the first time he was turned down by the author.
B．The author invented the program inspired by the Anchorage Daily News.
C．GWAA expanded the program concept and made it nationwide in 1995.
D．The program was later taken over by some seeding companies.
【答案】46．C
47．B
48．D
49．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；学习教育类；记叙文
阅读理解
The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.
The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says thisethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. "The thought that ‘I'm in it for me'has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness," Ms. Elshtain says.
Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. and Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.
The desire for a higher moral standard is not alament (挽歌) for some nonexistent "golden age," Elshtain says, nor is it awishfullonging for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.
Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. "Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant'be bought."
50．Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ____.
A．have adapted to a new set of moral standards
B．are longing for the return of the good old days
C．have realized the importance of material things
D．are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards
51．The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ____.
A．its growing wealth
B．the self-centeredness of individuals
C．underestimating the impact of social changes
D．the prejudice against women and minorities
52．In the 1950s, classroom violence ____.
A．was something unheard of
B．was by no means a rare occurrence
C．attracted a lot of public attention
D．began to appear in analysts'data
53．According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ____.
A．if people can return to the "golden age"
B．when women and men enjoy equal rights
C．when people rid themselves of prejudice
D．if less emphasis is laid on material things
【答案】50．D
51．B
52．A
53．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文
任务型阅读
There are thousands of coral reefs(珊瑚礁) in the world; Unfortunately, however, they are now in serious danger. More than one-third are in such bad shape that they could die within ten years. 54． Here are the three main causes discovered.
The first cause is pollution on land. The pollutants run with rainwater into rivers and streams, which carry the poisons into the ocean. 55． So they will be easily infected(感染) with diseases.
56． Higher ocean temperatures kill the important food source(来源) for the coral—the algae, the tiny greenish-gold water plants that live on coral. 57． This process has happened more and more frequently in recent years.
The last factor contributing to the disappearance of coral reefs is people. People sometimes crash into reefs with their boats, breaking off large blocks of coral. 58． Moreover, some people even break coral off to collect for souvenirs since it is so colorful and pretty.
A. Global warming is another reason.
B. Many might not even last that long!
C. Divers who walk on reefs can also do serious damage.
D. Reefs provide a home for 25% of the fish in the ocean.
E. Chemicals from the poisons kill reefs or make them weak.
F. Steps must be taken now to stop over-fishing and pollution of the oceans.
G. When the algae die, the coral loses its color and it also dies in the end.
【答案】54．B；55．E；56．A；57．G；58．C
【知识点】说明文；环境保护类；自然地理类
五、Translation (2+3+3+3+4)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
59．按照惯例，在中国车辆靠右行驶。（practice）
【答案】It is the/ a (common) practice to drive on the right in China.
【知识点】一般现在时；汉译英；动词不定式
60．报纸的标题应该是提供信息又吸引眼球的。（informative）
【答案】The headlines of a newspaper should be both informative and eye-catching.
【知识点】固定短语；情态动词的基本用法；汉译英
61．见面片刻后，他们就把谈话转到比较有趣的话题上去了。（switch）
【答案】They switched the talk to a more interesting subject after meeting each other for a moment/while/ an instant.
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时；汉译英
62．再次见面时，他送给我一本新出版的书，里面附有一封感谢信。（enclose）
【答案】The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed./The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, enclosing a letter of thanks.
【知识点】固定短语；分词；一般过去时；汉译英
63．是在十九世纪中期，杂志发展成为公众流行娱乐的主要来源。（It be….that）
【答案】It was during the mid-nineteenth century that the magazine developed into the main source of popular entertainment for the general public.
【知识点】一般过去时；强调句；汉译英
1 / 1上海省浦东新区2023-2024学年高二上学期英语开学摸底
一、Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passag es coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Despite the popularity of dieting and exercising, more people are bigger than they used to be.
The US is the 1． (overweight) country in the world. But 2． many people's surprise, China ranks second, with 46 million obese (肥胖的) adults and 300 million overweight.
So why are so many Chinese getting overweight
According to The Wall Street Journal, China's weight has grown with its economy. With incomes growing, families 3． afford to eat a lot more food —especially fatty foods like meat. From 1980 to 2013, the average Chinese's meat consumption 4． (increase) from 12.7kg to 60kg per year.
Unhealthy lifestyles also contribute to China's obesity problems. Many Chinese families are eating more deep-fried and junk food while exercising little.
It is also likely 5． the family planning policy has created a land of little emperors, 6． are spoiled by their parents and not asked to do any labor at home, commented The Wall Street Journal.
The trend could lead to big problems, as obesity can have severe health consequences. According to the World Health Organization, around 2,8 million adults die each year 7． obesity-related diseases such as diabetes(糖尿病), heart diseases and cancer.
8． (encourage) exercise among Chinese, the government is working to increase the nation'public sporting areas to 1.5 square meters per capita by 2015, Xinhua reported. It is also considering adding PE to the national college entrance examination.
The illegal ivory trade (象牙贸易) has been a major problem in Africa for decades. Poachers (偷猎者) and hunters have killed hundreds of thousands of elephants to obtain this precious material. Now the areas in which they do it are taking action. The International Union for Conservation (保护) of Nature (IUCN）announced on Dec 3 that key states 9． poaching takes place have made a promise to stop the ivory trade and protect Africa's elephants.
Recently, top officials and experts from 30 states met to discuss how to protect Africa elephants. The conference, 10． (organize) by the IUCN and the government of Botswana, was held in Gaborone, Botswana's capital city.
In 11． 1980s, as many as 1 million elephants across Africa were killed for ivory. The ivory 12． (use) to make jewelry and other items. This continued until 1989, 13． the convention (大会) on International Trade in Species voted to ban all trade in ivory. Then, elephants'population slowly began to increase.
According to the IUCN, 2011 saw the highest levels of poaching and illegal ivory trading in at least 16 years. Around 25,000 elephants were killed in Africa that year. "With an estimated 22,000 elephants illegally 14． (kill) in 2012, we continue to face a critical situation," said John E. Scanlon, CITES Secretary- General.
At the meeting, key Africa states where elephants make 15． home agreed to develop a "zero-tolerance approach" to poaching. The deal calls for tough sentences for poachers and hunters, and increased cooperation between states where poaching and hunting is a big problem. All participants at the conference agreed to sign the deal. With these states 16． (come) together, there may be hope for elephants.
二、Grammar and Vocabulary Section B (10%)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. marriage B. hesitation C. complicated D. happening E. guilty F. celebrating G. duty H. performed I. famous J. disrespectful K. profited
Hamlet is the most 17． of William Shakespeare's plays. While you read this article, somewhere there is an actor on a stage pouring out his heart to the audience.
The character of Hamlet has a personal, painful quality that still draws readers and playgoers today as it did 400 years ago. The problems he faces, such as what is 18． and how he should respond to events, are ones we all face in our lives.
Hamlet is the young prince of Denmark. At the beginning, he is sad about his dead father. Everyone else around him is 19． the marriage of his mother Gertrude to her brother-in-law Claudius, the new king. Hamlet thinks that the short time between the death of his father and the marriage of his mother and uncle is 20． .
Hamlet is told that a spirit has been walking around Elsinore castle. He meets it and it says that his father was killed, and by his brother Claudius— it was "murder most horrid (可怕的)"! Now, the ghost instructs him, it is his 21． to avenge (报仇) .
Hamlet is in a terrible position. He does not know whether the ghost is who he says he is, or a being sent by the devil (魔鬼). Matters are 22． because Claudius is suspicious of his nephew. There is a cat-and-mouse game played between the king and Hamlet.
Hamlet has a play performed for the king which stages the way the ghost told him of his father's murder. Claudius reacts with horror, proving to hamlet that he is 23． . But Hamlet misses the opportunity to take his revenge.
He tells Gertrude he hates her 24． to Claudius. During their meeting he kills Polonius, who is the father of his love, Ophelia. Then, Lacerates comes back to the court. He's heard that his father, Polonius, has been killed, so he wants to kill Hamlet.
Cunning (奸诈的) Claudius attempts to play Lacerates and Hamlet against each other, and in the final scene it all goes horribly wrong.
One 25． speech in the play begins "to be or not to be": it is about how Hamlet can't decide whether to get out of his bad situation by killing himself. Hamlet is a thinking man. One who thinks too much in the world where others, like Claudius, show no 26． .
三、Reading Comprehension Section A （1x2’）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines; a never-ending flood of words. In getting a job advancing, the ability to read and comprehend 27． can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 28． readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never 29． them. The main shortage lies in the actual stuff of language itself – words. Taken individually, words have little 30． until they are combined together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, 31． , the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He read one word at a time with difficulty, often regressing to 32． words or passages. Regression, namely, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common 33． habit in reading. Another bad habit which 34． the speed of reading is vocalization –sounding each word either 35． or mentally as one reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set a slightly 36． rate than the reader finds comfortable, in order to " 37． " him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically 38． . At first comprehension is 39． speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill 40． improved after some training. Take Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can go through a lot more reading material in a(n) 41． period of time.
27．A． quickly B． silently C． thoroughly D． vaguely
28．A． casual B． curiou C． efficient D． poor
29．A． acquire B． cultivate C． kick D． practice
30．A． formatio B． meaning
C． pronunciatio D． transformation
31．A． however B． moreover C． somehow D． therefore
32．A． recite B． reread C． reuse D． rewrite
33．A． horrible B． incurable C． social D． viewing
34．A． achieve B． gai C． measure D． reduces
35．A． orally B． physically
C． quietly D． repeatedly
36．A． better B． faster C． lower D． steadier
37．A． distract B． embarra C． interest D． stretch
38．A． demanding B． impossible C． reasonable D． useful
39．A． applied to B． matched with
C． sacrificed for D． substituted for
40．A． dramatically B． hardly
C． slightly D． subconsciously
41．A． indefinite B． lengthy C． limited D． set
四、Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severa l questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
阅读理解
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are over concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making Do they like me Do I sound stupid Am I wearing unattractive clothes
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. A person's self concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a deep affect on all areas of their lives. Shy people ,have low self-esteem(自尊),are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior(自卑).They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise .A shy person may respond to praise with a statement like this one:" You're just saying that to make me feel good .I know it's not true." It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be completely got rid of, or at least reduced Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determination. It is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths, for example, not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have to be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to absence of inferiority. Each one of us has his or her own characteristics. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
42．The first paragraph is mainly about ____.
A．the thoughts of shy people
B．the cause of shyness
C．the effect of shyness on people
D．the questions in the minds of shy people
43．According to the writer, self awareness is ____.
A．harmful to people B．a weak point of shy people
C．the cause of unhappiness D．a good characteristic
44．What is the shy people's reaction to praise
A．They are pleased by it
B．They feel it is not true
C．They are very sensitive to it
D．They feel they are worthy of it
45．We can learn from the passage that shyness can ____.
A．help us to live up to our full development
B．enable us to understand ourselves better
C．block our chances for a successful life
D．have nothing to do with lack of self esteem
阅读理解
It was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me. He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat. I'd read the signs: "Don't give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers." So I shook my head and kept walking.
I wasn't prepared for a reply, but with no hesitation, he followed me and said, "I really am homeless and I really am hungry! You can come with me and watch me eat!" But I kept on walking.
The incident kept bothering me for the rest of the week. I had money in my pocket and it wouldn't have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he hadn't been a real beggar. On a freezing cold night, no less, I assumed the worst of a fellow human being.
Flying back to Anchorage, I couldn't help thinking of him. I tried to reason my failure to help by supposing government agencies, churches and charities were there to feed him. Besides, you're not supposed to give money to beggars.
Somewhere over Seattle, I started to write my weekly garden column for The Anchorage Daily News. Out of the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean's Cafe, a local charity service kitchen, feeds hundreds of hungry local people every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row of vegetables or flowers in their gardens for Bean's Plant a row for Bean's. It's clean and simple.
We didn't keep records back then, but the idea began to take off. Folks would fax me or call when they took something in. It's food for the spirit and comfort for my conscience.
In April 1995, the Garden Writers Association of America(GWAA) held their annual meeting in Anchorage and after learning our program, Plant a Row for Bean'sbecame Plant a Row For The Hungry. The idea then was to have every member write or talk about planting a row for the hungry, which brought the program to national attention.
As more and more people participated, new variations cropped up. Many companies gave free seeds to customers and displayed the logo for the program. Donations poured in. It was then that I could really stop feeling guilty.
46．The underlined word "swindlers" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A．policemen B．writers C．cheaters D．beggars
47．Why did the author think he assumed the worst of a fellow human being
A．Because he didn't show fair respect to a beggar treating him badly.
B．Because he could have helped a hungry man but he passed by.
C．Because he believed that no people begged because of real hunger.
D．Because he thought that charity work was the government's duty.
48．How did the author make up for what he had done
A．He set up a local kitchen to help the poor.
B．He planted a row of vegetables for charity.
C．He called on people to donate money to the Bean's.
D．He initiated the idea of Plant a row for Bean's.
49．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The beggar gave up the first time he was turned down by the author.
B．The author invented the program inspired by the Anchorage Daily News.
C．GWAA expanded the program concept and made it nationwide in 1995.
D．The program was later taken over by some seeding companies.
阅读理解
The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.
The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says thisethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. "The thought that ‘I'm in it for me'has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness," Ms. Elshtain says.
Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. and Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.
The desire for a higher moral standard is not alament (挽歌) for some nonexistent "golden age," Elshtain says, nor is it awishfullonging for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.
Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. "Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant'be bought."
50．Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ____.
A．have adapted to a new set of moral standards
B．are longing for the return of the good old days
C．have realized the importance of material things
D．are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards
51．The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ____.
A．its growing wealth
B．the self-centeredness of individuals
C．underestimating the impact of social changes
D．the prejudice against women and minorities
52．In the 1950s, classroom violence ____.
A．was something unheard of
B．was by no means a rare occurrence
C．attracted a lot of public attention
D．began to appear in analysts'data
53．According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ____.
A．if people can return to the "golden age"
B．when women and men enjoy equal rights
C．when people rid themselves of prejudice
D．if less emphasis is laid on material things
任务型阅读
There are thousands of coral reefs(珊瑚礁) in the world; Unfortunately, however, they are now in serious danger. More than one-third are in such bad shape that they could die within ten years. 54． Here are the three main causes discovered.
The first cause is pollution on land. The pollutants run with rainwater into rivers and streams, which carry the poisons into the ocean. 55． So they will be easily infected(感染) with diseases.
56． Higher ocean temperatures kill the important food source(来源) for the coral—the algae, the tiny greenish-gold water plants that live on coral. 57． This process has happened more and more frequently in recent years.
The last factor contributing to the disappearance of coral reefs is people. People sometimes crash into reefs with their boats, breaking off large blocks of coral. 58． Moreover, some people even break coral off to collect for souvenirs since it is so colorful and pretty.
A. Global warming is another reason.
B. Many might not even last that long!
C. Divers who walk on reefs can also do serious damage.
D. Reefs provide a home for 25% of the fish in the ocean.
E. Chemicals from the poisons kill reefs or make them weak.
F. Steps must be taken now to stop over-fishing and pollution of the oceans.
G. When the algae die, the coral loses its color and it also dies in the end.
五、Translation (2+3+3+3+4)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
59．按照惯例，在中国车辆靠右行驶。（practice）
60．报纸的标题应该是提供信息又吸引眼球的。（informative）
61．见面片刻后，他们就把谈话转到比较有趣的话题上去了。（switch）
62．再次见面时，他送给我一本新出版的书，里面附有一封感谢信。（enclose）
63．是在十九世纪中期，杂志发展成为公众流行娱乐的主要来源。（It be….that）
答案解析部分
【答案】1．most overweight；2．to；3．can；4．increased；5．that；6．who；7．because of；8．To encourage
【知识点】说明文；新闻报道类；社会现象类
【答案】9．where；10．organized；11．the；12．was used；13．when；14．killed；15．their；16．coming
【知识点】说明文；政治经济类；新闻报道类；环境保护类
【答案】17．H；18．D；19．F；20．J；21．G；22．C；23．E；24．A；25．I；26．B
【知识点】说明文；短文填词；文学艺术类
【答案】27．A；28．D；29．C；30．B；31．A；32．B；33．A；34．D；35．A；36．B；37．D；38．B；39．C；40．A；41．C
【知识点】时文广告类；说明文；学习教育类
【答案】42．C
43．D
44．B
45．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；科普类；学习教育类；议论文
【答案】46．C
47．B
48．D
49．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；学习教育类；记叙文
【答案】50．D
51．B
52．A
53．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文
【答案】54．B；55．E；56．A；57．G；58．C
【知识点】说明文；环境保护类；自然地理类
59．【答案】It is the/ a (common) practice to drive on the right in China.
【知识点】一般现在时；汉译英；动词不定式
60．【答案】The headlines of a newspaper should be both informative and eye-catching.
【知识点】固定短语；情态动词的基本用法；汉译英
61．【答案】They switched the talk to a more interesting subject after meeting each other for a moment/while/ an instant.
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时；汉译英
62．【答案】The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed./The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, enclosing a letter of thanks.
【知识点】固定短语；分词；一般过去时；汉译英
63．【答案】It was during the mid-nineteenth century that the magazine developed into the main source of popular entertainment for the general public.
【知识点】一般过去时；强调句；汉译英
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