人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration Reading and Thinking Language points 课件(共26张PPT)

(共26张PPT)
Unit 3 Sea Exploration
Language points
1. However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
然而，在哥伦布首次起航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。
set sail: to begin a journey by boat or ship 起航；开航
eg A Viking ship made from 15 million ice-cream sticks set sail for England from the Netherlands Tuesday.
4月8日，一艘用1500万支雪糕棒粘制而成的巨型"海盗船"从荷兰起航，前往英国。
sail vi. 起航 n. 帆
set sail for= sail for 起航
set sail across/ sail across 航行穿过…
sail into/ out of 驶入/驶出
sail around the world 乘船环游世界
set out动身，出发，开始+to do sth
set about (doing)开始做某事，攻击
set off 出发，动身，引爆
set apart 分开，区别
set aside 放置一旁，不理会，留出
set down 记下，（使）放下/坐下
set back向后移，推迟，拨慢（钟表）
【语境应用】用set相关词汇完成句子
1) After spending a brief period in Ireland, she ___________ (启航前往) India.
2) They sail ________ (穿越) the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean.
3) What he said _______ a heated discussion.
4) My nephew is just _________ (set) out on a career in journalism.
5) After the College Entrance Examination, we will bid farewell to each other and ___________ an unknown future.
set sail for
across
set off
setting
set sail for
句意：在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
what引导宾语从句
2. In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road.
1. He has got what he wants.
2. The girl is no longer what she used to be.
3. After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
4. In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America.
表示“……的东西或事情”
从句中作宾语
表示“……的人或的样子
从句中充当主语
似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
表示“…的时间”
从句中充当表语
1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
表示“……的地方”
从句中充当主语
I was amazed by the size of Zheng He’s treasure ship.
What amazed me was the size of Zheng He’s treasure ship.
Zheng He was born in the region which is now Yunnan province to Muslim parents.
用what 引导的名词性从句改写句子。
Zheng He was born what is now Yunnan province to Muslim parents.
3. A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。
extend vt. make (sth) longer or larger (in space or time) 扩展; 使伸长; 延长
eg The road extends for miles and miles.
这条路向远处绵延伸展.
【拓展】
★extension n. 扩大，延长
eg The extension of the subway will take several months.
He’s been granted an extension of the contract for another year.
★extensive adj. 广泛的，广阔的
eg His extensive knowledge makes him a good teacher.
Experts believe that the coming drought will be extensive.
【语境应用】用extend的正确形式填空。
1) Albert has got a two-month _________ to finish his paper.
2) Tracy’s knowledge of music is __________.
3) The shop has recently _________ its opening hours during summer.
4) His land ________ from the house to those trees.
extension
extensive
extended
extends
extend from ...to 从……延伸到……
extend sth to sb.给与某人某物
extend out 伸出
extend through...贯穿……；达到整个……的长度
1) The tourist season extends ________ May to October.
2) During the epidemic outbreak, China extended its helping hand ______ many other countries around the world.
from
to
4. Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协定，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
negotiate to discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics vt. 商定; 达成(协议)　vi. 谈判; 磋商; 协商
eg Western governments have this week urged him to negotiate and avoid force.
西方国家政府本周已敦促他进行谈判并且避免使用武力。
常用结构： negotiate for / about sth.
negotiate sth. with sb.
【拓展】
★ negotiation n. 谈判，商谈
eg They agreed to try to settle their dispute by negotiation.
他们同意尽量通过谈判解决他们之间的纠纷。
★ negotiable adj. 可协商的，可讨论的
eg The terms of employment are negotiable.
雇用的条件可以协商。
★ negotiator n. 谈判代表
eg For the Chinese negotiator, his face is his future.
对于中国的谈判人员来说，面子就是他们的未来。
【语境应用】根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1) Western governments have this week ______ _____ ____ __________ and avoid force. (敦促他进行谈判)
2) I don’t want to imply that every point in this contract _____ ___________. (是可协商的).
3) They agreed to try to ______ ______ __________ __ ____________ (通过谈判解决他们纠纷).
4) Paul ____ ____________ _____ ____ ____ (正在商谈谋求一份工作) worth ￡18,000 a year.
is negotiable
is negotiating for a job
urged him to negotiate
settle their dispute by negotiation
5. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
几个世纪以来，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了， 这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。
本句是一个复合句。主句是further trading allowed...as recorded in...是非限制性定语从句的省略形式，句子补全为: as it was recorded in...
上句中as recorded似乎不完整，但as的这种用法其实是一种省略现象。
以下两种解释都可接受：
第一,把as看作关系代词, 指代后面整个主句的内容, as是定语从句的主语,后面省略了is。因此,as recorded等于as is already recorded。
第二, 把as看作从属连词,引导方式从句,意为“像……那样”,as之后省略了it is,it指代整个主句的内容。因此,as recoded等于as it is recorded。
1) as用于引导限制性定语从句时，主要与such、as、the same连用，其意为 “像……的”“凡是……的”“……一类的人(物)”。
Mary is not such a man as would leave her work half done.
玛丽并不是一个做事半途而废的人。
You must show her the same respect as you show me.
你必须对她表现出与对我同样的敬重。
2) as用于引导非限制性定语从句时，根据情况可位于主句之前或之后，有时也可插在主句中间，其意为“这件事”“这一点”。
The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everyone.
众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一周。
3) as引导非限制性定语从句常见的有:
as we all know 众所周知 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as was expected 正如预料的那样 as can be seen 看得出来
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样 as has been said above 如上所述
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样 as is often the case 像常规那样
as already said as already mentioned
as already described as already discussed
as already noted as already stated
as already announced as already pointed out
as already indicated as already hinted
as already told as already shown
as already emphasised as already observed
as already explained as already suggested
Summary
能用于此句式的动词，一般都是“陈述、叙述、描述、提及、说及、显示、指出”之类的词，多用于议论文体，是带有总结性的提示语。
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
众所周知，长城是世界上最长的城墙。
2) As was expected, you failed to pass the exam.
As we all know the Great Wall is the longest in the world.
不出所料，他考试挂科了。
Compare and Find
用which或as填空
______ you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
And our porters carry your luggage, ______ means that you can simply enjoy the experience.
Smoking is harmful to one’s health, ____ is known to us all.
It was raining heavily last night, _______ prevented me from going to the party.
As
which
as
which
(1) as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前，而which则不能；
(2) as引导的非限制性定语从句有“正如”之意，而which没有此义。
即学即练
________ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
He smiled politely _________ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
Hot ______ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
Just ______ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
— Coach, can I continue with the training
— Sorry, you can’t ________________ you haven’t recovered
from the knee injury.
As
as / when
as
as
as / for / because
Read and Summarize
I’m as tall as him.
There are lots of famous buildings as the Eiffel Tower and the Arch of Triumph.
He works as a tour guide.
You ought to do as Paul tells you.
We didn’t know what to do as we were just visiting there.
He has earned as much money as I have.
adv 跟……一样地；同样地
adv 如同；例如
prep 作为；以……的身份
conj 像……一样；依照；像
conj 因为
pron (与such, the same, as等连用，引导从句) 与……相同的物或人
6. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
当时，这些船队极为壮观，独领风骚。
behold vt. to see or to look at something (beheld, beheld)目睹；看见
a sight to behold = a joy/ pleasure/ wonder to behold 壮观的景象
eg The beauty of the garden was a pleasure to behold.
花园美景，赏心悦目。
in a league of one’s own: much better than the rest 独领风骚
eg As a painter, he is in a league of his own (= much better than others).
league n. a level of quality, ability, etc 等级; 水平
eg A house like that is out of our league.
n. a group of sports teams or players who play games against each other to see who is best 联合会; 联赛
eg Who do you think will win the league championship this year
at the top of the league 顶级的
be in the same league 同一级别
in league with 与……密谋；与……结盟
out of one’s league 某人力所不能及
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
1) As a pianist, he is in a league of his own.
2) Her success has taken her out of my league.
作为钢琴家，他独领风骚。
她的成绩令我望尘莫及。
command 的用法：
1) 用作名词n. 命令，指挥；司令部，指挥部；[计算机]指令；控制力)
The army is under the king’s direct command.
军队由国王直接统帅。
under one’s command / under the command of sb 由……指挥/统帅
He has a good command of French.
他的法文很好。
have a good command of 精通/擅长......
The general issued a command that all of them should come at six o’clock.
将军颁布了一道命令，所有的人都要在六点钟到。
issue a command 发布命令
2) command用作动词： vt. 指挥，控制，命令；命令 vi. 给出命令；命令，指令；
command 后接宾语从句时，需用虚拟语气：sb. +（should）+动词原形。
同义转换：
I command him to go at once.
I command that ____________________.
翻译：
He was told to command his temper.
he (should) go at once
他被告知要控制自己的脾气。
7. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, …
尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，……
withdraw vi. & vt. (withdrew, withdrawn) leave a place (使)撤回；撤离
withdraw from: go away from a place 退出；撤回
eg There have been calls for Britain to _____________ the EU.
一直有人呼吁英国退出欧盟。
①提，取(银行账户中的款) ②停止提供，不再给予 ③(使)退出 ④收回，撤回，撤销(说过的话)
常用搭配：withdraw sb. / sth. from sth.
eg When workers retire, they can withdraw money from the plan.
The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
I heard you plan to withdraw from the speech class.
Unless the contract is signed immediately, I shall withdraw my offer.
withdraw from
【语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下列句子。
1) 我想从我的储蓄账户上提取1000美元转到支票账户上。
I’d like to ____________________________________________ and put it in my cheque account.
2) 我想收回我早些时候发表的一项声明。
I want to ____________________ I made earlier.
3) 经过一场激烈的战斗, 敌人被迫撤退了。
After a fierce battle, the enemy _____________________.
4) 如果合同不能立刻签署，我将撤回我的提议。
Unless the contract is signed immediately, I shall _________________.
withdraw 1,000 dollars from my savings account
withdraw a statement
was forced to withdraw
withdraw my offer
8. From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
There is an urgent need ____qualified teachers in poor areas.
There is an urgent need for sth/sb急需某物/某人
There is an urgent need to do sth急需做某事
for
There is an urgent need _________ (control) the sale of private guns in America.
to control
9. Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了，手握最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
in hand: if you have time, money etc in hand, you have it available 在手头; 可供使用
eg I usually have a few days’ leave in hand at the end of the year.
年底的时候通常我手头会有几天假期。
at hand 在手头
by hand 用手；手工
hand in hand 手拉手
give/ lend sb a hand 给某人帮忙
on the one hand …on the other hand 一方面……另一方面
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
当我遇到困难的时候，朋友们伸出了援手。
2) 我总把小说放在手边。
3) 通常，在纸质书上用手写笔记比在电子设备上打字更费时。
4) 我认为我们必须携手解决环境问题以创造一个光明的未来。
When I met with difficulties, my friends gave me a hand.
I always put a novel at hand.
Usually, taking notes by hand on paper books takes longer than typing notes out on digital devices.
I believe that we must move hand in hand in solving the problem of environmental pollution to create a bright future.
Thank you!