Unit 3 Conservation Writing Workshop—2023-2024学年高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.There is a general _____(aware) that smoking is harmful.
2.This is an easy _____(introduce) for you and you should understand the topic without any difficulty.
3.Our _____(conclude) is that we can't reach any agreement with them.
知识点2 形容词的用法
4.But I do not think we should forget Chinese festivals, because they are our _____(tradition) festivals.
5.The _____(ambition) young man used his friends to further his career.
【提升能力】
6.总而言之，两国目前是真正的经济合作伙伴。
______________, the two countries are now true economic partners.
7.我可否就我们目前已经达成的共识作个概括？
Can I just ______________ what we've agreed so far
8.如果度假期间遭遇事故，你可以向保险公司索赔。
You can _______________________ the insurance if you have an accident while on holiday.
9.温和的天气使这个海滨城市成为宜居之地。(make)
The mild climate __________ the harbour city __________ __________ __________ to live.
10.洗手的时候让水一直流着会造成水资源的浪费。(leave)
It is a waste of water resource to __________ __________ __________ __________ all the time while washing hands.
【综合素养】
11.Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
We all grew up hearing people tell us to "go out and get some fresh air." ①______ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
②______ If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). ③______ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ④______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
⑤______ While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B.So what are you waiting for
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
12. Bill Bowerman was a track coach. He wanted to help athletes run faster. So he had learnt how to make running shoes. He had also started a shoe company with a friend. It was 1971. Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes(鞋钉) on the sole(鞋底) The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners.
To make a lighter shoe, Bill tried the skins of fish. To make a better sole, he wanted to replace the spikes. Bill dug through his wife Barbara's jewelry box. He hoped to find a piece of jewelry with an interesting pattern. He would then copy the pattern onto the new soles. Nothing worked. Bill was defeated.
Then, one Sunday morning, Barbara made Bill waffles (华夫饼) for breakfast. Bill watched her cook.
He studied the criss-cross pattern on a waffle iron.
Inspiration struck. The pattern on the waffle iron was just what Bill was looking for. The squares were flatter and wider than sharp spikes. The pattern would help the shoes hold any surface without tearing it up.
When Barbara left the house, Bill ran to his lab. He took the liquid chemicals that, when mixed, would harden into the sole of a shoe. He poured the mixture into the waffle iron—and the Waffle Trainer was born.
Bill's company put the Waffle Trainer on market in 1974. It was a huge hit. Maybe you've heard of that company—it's called Nike. And today it's worth around $200 billion.
It was the waffle iron that had changed the course of Bill's life—and helped turn Nike into a well-known name. Today, the waffle iron is kept at Nike headquarters. It serves as a reminder that if we keep trying, we can find a solution to even the most difficult problems. And those solutions can come from unlikely places, even the breakfast table.
1.What shortcomings did the old-style running shoes have
A.They were hard to wear. B.They were too large.
C.They were impractical. D.They were easy to break.
2.Where did Bill get the inspiration to invent the famous Waffle Trainer
A.From the skins of the fish. B.From his wife's jewelry.
C.From the colour of the iron. D.From his wife's cooking.
3.What can we learn from Bill's success
A.A cheering wife is the joy of life. B.Two heads are better than one.
C.Where there's a will, there's a way. D.A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Waffles and Nike B.Inspiration and Invention
C.A Great Inventor D.A Well-Known Company
答案以及解析
1.答案：awareness
2.答案：introduction
3.答案：conclusion
4.答案：traditional
5.答案：ambitious
6.答案：In sum
7.答案：sum up
8.答案：claim on
9.答案：makes/made; a cozy/comfortable/suitable place
10.答案：leave the water running
11.答案：①-⑤ EAGCD
解析：①设空处前句提到"go out and get some fresh air", 然后设空处后一句就是针对提问的回答"the answer is a big YES", 设空处应是针对呼吸新鲜空气这件事情进行提问。故选E。
②设空处后面都是在阐述呼吸新鲜空气的好处, 尤其两次提到oxygen(氧气), oxygen与A项中的lungs有联系。故选A。
③设空处前一句中的关键词healing与G项中的Healing对应, G项中的recovery与设空处后一句中的recovery对应。此外, G项中出现Healing Gardens, 后一句马上出现In these places来指代Healing Gardens。故选G。
④此段讲了接近大自然有助于病人的康复, 并对有哪些帮助进行了进一步说明, 所以在本段的最后再次进行总结, 话题依然与大自然有关, 而且是总结性的句子, 所以选择C项。C项中nature与话题一致, 与设空处后一句均是对本段的收尾。故选C。
⑤设空处后一句中的the sun's rays与D项中的sunlight对应。而D项中的Another side benefit of getting fresh air又是对前面段落中阐述呼吸新鲜空气有好处的延伸, 因此D项是最佳选项。 故选D。
12.答案：1-4.CDCA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes on the sole. The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners.可知,老式跑鞋很沉,且鞋底的鞋钉易损坏跑道,同时减慢跑步者的速度,由此可知,老式跑鞋的缺点是不实用。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段前两句Inspiration struck. The pattern on the waffle iron was just what Bill was .looking for,可知,比尔从妻子做华夫饼的模具中找到了制作新款跑鞋的灵感。故选D。
3.推理判断题。通读全文可知,比尔发现老式跑鞋的弊端,决心设计新款跑鞋,经过多次尝试改进,从1971年到1974年,用了. 三年时间终于完成第一款大受欢迎的耐克鞋,这个发明的过程启示人们面对困难,只要不放弃、多钻研,定能找到解决的办法。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,比尔在设计新款耐克鞋的过程中多次受阻,但在妻子制作华夫饼时受到启发而突破了工作的瓶颈,让新款耐克鞋得以发明,华夫饼是新款耐克鞋诞生的关键转折点。故选A。
2Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction—2023-2024学年高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.Human activities in all forms are speeding up the _____(destroy) of nature.
2.He shakes with _____(angry) on hearing his son is suffering from severe school bullying.
3.His _____(addict) to drinking and smoking has led to the divorce.
知识点2 形容词的用法
4.Follow his advice and you will find the _____(suit) suggestion.
知识点3 副词的用法
5.The relatives of the passengers were waiting _____(anxious) for news.
【提升能力】
6.很难把他的论证同事实联系起来。
It is difficult to ___________________ his argument ___________________ the facts.
7.心脏病的发作可能与他去年的车祸有关。
The heart attack could ___________________ his car crash last year.
8.你可以借阅任何一本你喜欢的书。(whichever)
You can borrow _____ _____ _____ _____.
9.你应该做的是不要再为你的失败找借口。(excuse)
What you should do is to stop _____ _____ _____ your failure.
10.我确信我是最适合你们广告中空缺职位的人。(suitable)
I am confident that I am _____ _____ _____ _____ the job vacancy in your advertisement.
【综合素养】
11. It’s estimated that families in the UK create more than six million tonnes of food waste each year. With food prices rising, it’s a good time to become a food-waste fighter. ①______ After all, growing, packaging and transporting food uses a lot of Earth’s resources such as energy and water.
②______First, it’s a good idea to find out just how much food goes into your rubbish can. Keep a diary and note down the foods that get thrown most often, and why.
Planning meals for the week can save time and money. Meat from a Sunday roast could go into sandwiches on Monday. Bananas that are brown and soft can be baked into banana bread at the weekend. ③_____
Cooking the correct size helps too. Weigh out pasta or rice you need before you cook it. Before you pile your plate, check how hungry you are. ④______
It’s hard to keep track of food that’s gone to the hack of the fridge. You could label a shelf an “Eat me first” spot for anything that has been there a while. ⑤______ You can freeze leftovers in a sealed container for another day. But heat any leftovers put in a fridge thoroughly before eating.
Finally, use your senses. Some UK supermarkets have taken “best before” dates off fruit and vegetables. This can encourage people to use their nose and eyes to work out if something is still fine to eat. Ask an adult to help. Don’t forget to update your diary to see how much change you can make.
A. Your freezer is another way to save food.
B. Not only will it save money, it is good for the environment.
C. This may prevent you from leaving food because you’re too full.
D. Potatoes and carrots last a long time if kept in a cool, dark place.
E. Apples, bananas, and potatoes are the most common wasted items.
F. Read the instruction carefully to make sure that you use it properly.
G. Here are some simple tips that can help you become food-waste fighters.
12.Every day, We’re bombarded(频频不断地) with so many decisions that it’s impossible to make a perfect choice every time. ①________One particularly effective technique is critical thinking.
There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking, but here’s one four-step process that may help you solve any number of problems:
Come up with your question. ②_______ This isn’t always as straightforward as it sounds. For example, if you’re deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze(狂热), your reasons for doing so may be not clear by other factors-like claims that you’ll see results in just two weeks.
But, if you approach the situation with a clear view of what you’re actually trying to accomplish by dieting, that’ll equip you to examine this information critically, find what you’re looking for, and decide whether the new craze really suits your needs.
Gather your information. There’s lots of it out there. ③___ ____ If you’re trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition, you may ask an expert for their advice, or seek other people’s testimonies(证据).Information gathering helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.
④_______ -something you do by asking critical questions. Facing a decision, ask yourself, what concepts are at work ‘‘What assumptions exist ’ Is my interpretation of the information logically sound ’
Explore other points of view. Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to the policies of the opposing(反对)political candidate. Even if you disagree with everything that candidate says.
Exploring the full spectrum(范围)of viewpoints might explain why some policies that don’t seem acceptable to you attract others. ⑤____ __
A. Apply the information.
B. Consider the possible effects or results.
C. In other words, know what you’re looking for.
D. But, there are many ways to improve our chances.
E. Some are small and unimportant, but others have a larger impact on our lives.
F. Therefore, having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what’s closely connected.
G. This will allow you to explore alternatives, evaluate your own choices, and ultimately help you make more informed decisions.
答案以及解析
1.答案：destruction
解析：句意为:各种各样的人类活动正在加速大自然的毁灭。speeding up后面缺少宾语，且设空处被定冠词the修饰。故填destruction。
2.答案：anger
解析：句意为：当听到他的儿子在学校遭受严重的校园暴力时，他气得发抖。介词with后接名词作宾语。故填anger。
3.答案：addiction
4.答案：suitable
5.答案：anxiously
6.答案：relate; to
7.答案：be related to
8.答案：whichever book you like
9.答案：finding/ making excuses for
10.答案：the best/ most suitable for
11.答案：①-⑤ BGDCA
解析：①根据前文“With food prices rising, it's a good time to become a food-waste fighter.(随着食品价格的上涨,这是一个成为食物浪费斗士的好时机。)”可知,此处号召我们做一个与食物浪费做斗争的战士,后文应该强调这样做的意义.B选项“Not only will it save money, it is good for the environment(它不仅省钱,对环境也有好处。)”承接前文。故选B。
②根据后文“First, it's a good idea to find out just how much food goes into your rubbish can.(首先,找出你的垃圾桶里到底有多少食物是个好主意。)”可知,设空处应该作为文章的过渡句承上启下,即针对如何节约粮食,减少粮食提出具体建议。G选项“Here are some simple tips that can help you become food-waste fighters.(这里有一些简单的建议,可以帮助你成为食物浪费的斗士,)”符合语境。故选G。
③根据前文“Bananas that are brown and soft can be baked into banana bread at the weekend.(棕色柔软的香燕可以在周末烤成香蕉面包。)”强调的是如何利用前一天剩下的食物,设空处应该与此构成并列结构。D选项“Potatoes and carrots last a long time if kept in a cool, dark place.(土豆和胡萝卜如果放在阴凉处可以保存很长时间。)”强调土豆和胡萝卜如何存放能保存更久,与前文承接。故选D。
④根据前文“Before you pile your plate, check how hungry you are.(在你把盘子堆起来之前,检查一下你有多饿。)”可知,此处强调吃饭之前先弄清楚自己的饥饿程度,后文应该承接的是这样做法的结果。C选项“This may prevent you from leaving food because you're too full.(这可以防止你因为太饱而留下食物。)”中的this 指代前文的行为,承接前文。符合语境。故选C。
⑤根据后文“You can freeze leftovers in a sealed container for another day. But heat any leftovers put in a fridge thoroughly before eating(你可以把剩饭剩菜放在密封的容器里冷冻一天。但是在吃之前,把剩下的食物放到冰箱里彻底加热。)”可知,此处是列举如何利用冰箱来存放本来可能被丢掉的食物。A选项“Your freezer is another way to save food.(冰箱是另一种节省食物的方法。)”中的freezer与后文的a sealed container 相呼应,引起下文。故选A。
12.答案：①-⑤ DCFAG
解析：①细节理解题。根据上文Every day, We're bombarded(频频不断地）with so many decisions that it's impossible to make a perfect choice every time.(每天，我们都要做很多决定，不可能每次都做出完美的选择。）以及下文One particularly effective technique is critical thinking.（一个特别有效的方法是批判性思维。）可知，设空处应为有很多方法可以帮助我们做出更好的选择，并且设空处和上句构成转折关系。D选项"但是，有很多方法可以提高我们的机会。"符合语境。故选D。
②推理判断题。本段的小标题为Come up with your question.（提出你的问题），以及下文For example, if you're deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze(狂热),your reasons for doing so may be not clear by other factors-like claims that you'll see results in just two weeks.（例如，如果你正在决定是否尝试最新的饮食热潮，你这样做的原因可能不太清楚，比如声称你会在短短两周内看到效果。）可知，设空处应为知道自己在寻找什么。C选项"换句话说，知道你在寻找什么。"符合语境。故选C。
③联系下文题。根据下文if you're trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition, you may ask an expert for their advice, or seek other people's testimonies(证据）.(如果你正试图决定一种饮食来改善你的营养，你可以向专家寻求建议，或者寻求其他人的证词。）举例说明如果试图确定一种饮食来改善你的营养，可以向专家或者其他人寻求建议；可知设空处应为对问题有一个清晰的概念有助于确定哪些是密切相关的；F选项"因此，对你的问题有一个清晰的概念将有助于你确定哪些是密切相关的。"符合语境。故选F。
④段落标题题。something you do by asking critical questions. Facing a decision, ask yourself, what concepts are at work "What assumptions exist 'Is my interpretation of the information logically sound ' (你可以问一些批判性的问题。面对一个决定，问问自己，是什么概念在起作用？"存在什么假设？"我对这些信息的解释合乎逻辑吗？"）可知，设空处为通过可以问一些批判性的问题来应用你的信息，A选项"运用信息。"概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A。
⑤联系上文题。根据上文Exploring the full spectrum（范围）of viewpoints might explain why some policies that don't seem acceptable to you attract others.(探索所有的观点也许可以解释为什么一些对你来说似乎不可接受的政策会吸引其他人。）可知，设空处为探索所有的观点的好处。G选项"这将允许你探索其他选择，评估自己的选择，并最终帮助你做出更明智的决定。"符合语境。故选G。
2Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 2 War on Plastic Packets—2023-2024学年高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.A _____(collect) of paintings by world-famous painters is on exhibition at the art gallery, which attracts a large number of visitors every day.
2.Do the _____(consume) really satisfy with those products they have bought
知识点2 形容词的用法
3.It's _____(waste) to throw away glass, paper and metal, part of which can be recycled.
4.Use your own _____(usable) bags and persuade your friends to do the same.
5.To my excitement, my new job is much less _____(stress).
【提升能力】
6.她渴望毕业找一份工作。
She __________ finish school and get a job.
7.凌晨五点他就开始工作。
At five in the morning he __________________ to do his work.
8.他们向朋友们告别后，就动身去巴黎了。
Having said goodbye to their friends, they __________________ for Paris.
9.她一到家就开始准备午饭。
As soon as she got home, she __________________ preparing lunch.
10.她想过一种舒适的生活，而不是奢侈的生活。
She wants to live a comfortable life not ____________________.
【综合素养】
11.It is recently reported that people’s collective stress has reached alarming levels. ①_____. It can have serious consequences. A study found that people experiencing long-lasting burnout have up to a 35 percent greater risk of early death. Don’t panic. Here are some active steps you can take to prevent burnout:
Look for meaning at work
You can tolerate stress longer if you believe you’re doing something purposeful and worthwhile. You are more likely to experience bumout-inducing stress when something seems out of control, against your will, or totally meaningless. ②_____ .
Look for meaning outside of work
If you are struggling to make you work meaningful, giving priority to life outside of work might be especially beneficial. A research shows that people more likely to experience a greater sense of engagement when on the job are those with a hobby.
③____
Use separate email accounts for work and personal life, and set up boundaries between work and personal life, then you will be especially more comfortable if you work from home.
Don’t neglect yourself
Physical activity is essential to shaking out stress hormones. ④_____ . But movement is the most natural evolutionary response to our body’s stress, even light movement helps “complete” the stress cycle.
Recognize when it has become too much
Talk to your boss when you feel your job should be manageable, rewarding and under your control. It’s common for bosses to increase tasks over time if you don’t communicate our needs or limitations, which may be overlooked. ⑤_____ .
A. Work at home when necessary
B. Try to separate work and home
C. And your hormone levels can be generally affected by emotional states
D. Many individuals are less active when they are under stress in order to rest
E. Feeling constantly occupied, worried, and overwhelmed can lead to burnout
F. If you don’t expect things will improve, consider changing jobs or even careers
G. Identify ways in which even the smallest of daily tasks contributes to the lives of others
12.A good digital citizen(数字公民)is someone who uses the Internet wisely, follows Internet rules and helps to make the net a great world for themselves and everyone else.①___ ___.
Protect your privacy(隐私).②___ ___Do you know how easy it is for someone to use your private information for other harmful activities Make sure that you know how to protect all your private information, including your phone number, address, email address, etc. Also, be careful about the personal information you post.
③______. Don’t make it all too easy for someone to steal your personal information. Learn how to use a system such as LastPass to remember all your passwords, or use a reliable app to safely store all your password information.
Be careful with photos. The most simple photos can still show a lot of things that shouldn’t be posted online.④___ ___. If you take a photo of your car, don’t include the license plate. Also, learn how to turn off geographically-tagging(标识)features. Actually， there are some facial recognition software programs that can find you even if you aren’t tagged.
Use the Internet politely. You probably don’t like it when people send you rude information. Well，think of the rude information as a great incentive(激励) to be careful about what you send to others. If you expect nice information, you have to be nice yourself.⑤__ __, no matter how you are really getting on.
A. Understand password safety
B. Change your passwords often
C. The information makes it easy to track you down
D. The first thing you need to do is keep yourself safe
E. If you take a photo of your home, make sure the street number isn’t shown
F. Make it a point to be as positive as possible when you are online
G. Here are some things that you as a student can do to be a good digital citizen
答案以及解析
1.答案：collection
2.答案：consumers
3.答案：wasteful
4.答案：reusable
5.答案：stressful
6.答案：was anxious to
7.答案：set out
8.答案：set off
9.答案：set about
10.答案：a wasteful one
11.答案：①-⑤ EGBDF
解析：①推理判断题。根据前句It is recently reported that people's collective stress has reached alarming levels(最近有报道称,人们的集体压力已经达到了令人担忧的程度),可知表示"不断感到忙碌、担忧和不知所措可能会导致倦怠"的选项E符合前后的语境,people's collective stress和occupied, worried, and overwhelmed是关键词。故选E。
②推理判断题。根据前文You can tolerate stress longer if you believe you're doing something purposeful and worthwhile. You are more likely to experience burnout—inducing stress when something seems out of control, against your will, or totally meaningless(如果你认为自己在做有目的和有价值的事情,你可以忍受压力更长时间。当一些事情看起来失控、违背你的意愿或完全没有意义时,你更有可能经历倦怠导致的压力),可知表示"确定哪怕是最小的日常任务对他人生活的贡献"的选项G符合前后的语境,something purposeful and worthwhile和contributes to the lives of others是关键词。故选G。
③主题判断题。根据后文Use separate email accounts for work and personal life, and set up boundaries between work and personal life, then you will be especially more comfortable if you work from home(在工作和个人生活中使用单独的电子邮件帐户,并在工作和私人生活之间设置界限,这样,如果你在家工作,你会特别舒适),可知表示"尽量将工作和家庭分开"的选项B符合本段的主题,set up boundaries between work and personal life是关键词。故选B。
④推理判断题。根据后句But movement is the most natural evolutionary response to our body's stress, even light movement helps "complete" the stress cycle(但是运动是对我们身体压力最自然的进化反应,即使是轻微的运动也有助于"完成"压力循环),可知表示"许多人在压力下为了休息而不太活跃"的选项D符合前后的语境,movement和less active是关键词。故选D。
⑤推理判断题。根据前句It's common for bosses to increase tasks over time if you don't communicate our needs or limitations, which may be overlooked(如果你不标点我们的需求或局限性,老板们会随着时间的推移增加任务,这是很常见的,这可能会被忽视),可知表示"如果你预料事情不会好转,就考虑换工作甚至职业吧"的选项F符合前后的语境,increase tasks over time是关键词。故选F。
12.答案：①-⑤GDAEF
解析：①推理判断题。根据前句A good digital citizen(数字公民) is someone who uses the Internet wisely, follows Internet rules and helps to make the net a great world for themselves and everyone else.(一个好的数字公民是那些明智地使用互联网,遵守互联网规则,并帮助使网络成为自己和其他人的美好世界的人。)及下文的标题可知,这里为承上启下句,即如何成为优秀的数字公民。所以选择项G"Here are some things that you as a student can do to be a good digital citizen(作为一名学生,你可以做以下几件事来成为一个优秀的数字公民)"符合上下文语境。故选G。
②推理判断题。根据本段中心句Protect your privacy(隐私).(保护你的隐私。)可知,保护自己的隐私安全很重要。所以选择项D"The first thing you need to do is keep yourself safe (你要做的第一件事就是保证自己的安全)“符合上下文语境。故选D。
③标题归纳题。根据后文Don't make it all too easy for someone to steal your personal information. Learn how to use a system such as LastPass to remember all your passwords, or use a reliable app to safely store all your password information.(不要让别人轻易窃取你的个人信息。学习如何使用LastPass等系统来记住所有密码,或者使用可靠的应用程序来安全地存储所有密码信息。)可知,本段主要介绍要注意密码安全。所以选择项A"Understand password safety(了解密码安全)"符合上下文语境。故选A。
④推理判断题。根据前句The most simple photos can still show a lot of things that shouldn't be posted online.(最简单的照片仍然可以显示出很多不应该在网上发布的东西。)可知此处说明照片上不能显示的信息。所以选择项E"If you take a photo of your home, make sure the street number isn't shown(作如果你给你的家拍照,确保没有显示街道号码)"符合上下文语境。故选E。
⑤推理判断题。根据前句If you expect nice information, you have to be nice yourself. (如果你想得到好的信息,你自己就得对人好。)可知,使用网络要保持积极有礼貌的态度。所以选择项F"Make it a point to be as positive as possible when you are online(当你在网上时,要尽量保持积极的态度)"符合上下文语境。故选F。
2Unit 3 Conservation Topic Talk—2023-2024学年高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.The pipes are so light and they should be made of p______________.
2.More funds should be devoted to the c______________ of freshwater resources and endangered species.
3.An i______________ is one of a list of things for someone to do, deal with, or talk about.
知识点2时态和语态
4.Many a building ________ (destroy) completely by fire in the past few years.
5.Wildlife _______ (threat) greatly by human expansion in the last few years.
【提升能力】
6.你离开时请把灯关了。
Please ____________________ the lights when you leave.
7.她倒空了他们俩的杯子，然后打开了电水壶。
She emptied both their glasses and ____________________ the electric kettle.
8.他在转行从事新闻工作前是图书管理员。
He worked as a librarian before ____________________ journalism.
9.他经常上班迟到，老板扬言要开除他。
He is often late for work and the boss _______________ him.
10.新道路开发可能对这些古老的林地造成破坏。
These ancient woodlands are _______________ from new road developments.
【综合素养】
11. Each year, hundreds of thousands of wild animals around the world are killed in trophy hunting—the organised shooting of animals for pleasure. The hunters then bring parts of the animal home with them as their "trophy" to remember the hunting.
Trophy hunters pay big money to kill animals. Some of the money goes to helping wildlife protection. Trophy hunting also attracts business, which encourages people to preserve land and breed (饲养) animals that would otherwise be endangered. Cathy Dean, head of the Save the Rhino Charity, says that at the start of the 1900s there were only 50 - 100 southern white rhinos. Now, there are around 18,000. This is partly because some of them were raised specially for trophy hunting.
But things don't usually go on one way. According to WWF, elephant populations have fallen from 1.3 million to just over 400,000 since the 1980s. Over the same period, hunters from around the world have taken home more than 100,000 African elephant trophies. Trophy hunting is not illegal but unfair on the animals. In 2015, Cecil the lion was shot by a US trophy hunter. Cecil was a beloved lion in Zimbabwe, Africa. Cecil was lured with bait (诱饵), shot with an arrow and struggled in blood for more than ten hours before his hunters tracked and finished killing him. His son, Xanda, met a similar fate two years later.
Cecil's death caused worldwide outrage and protests (反抗) against trophy hunting. Countries including Australia, France and the Netherlands banned(禁止) the import of lion trophies—they stop hunters from being allowed to bring home parts of the animal they kill. They believe that people will stop trophy hunting because the activity might lose its attraction if hunters can't bring their trophies home.
The UK government said that it would consider a ban on trophy-hunting imports by 2017, but no action had been taken. In April 2019, a letter by protesters against trophy hunting was sent to the UK government asking to ban trophy-hunting imports. On 7 May, the official in charge of the environment, Michael Gove, said that the UK would not ban the imports for the time being. This left the world in a state of shock. Hopefully the UK will place a ban on trophy-hunting imports, which would be an important message and inspire others to treat animals better. We're waiting for the day to come.
1.A trophy hunter usually ______________.
A.kills wild animals for food
B.learns about wildlife in the hunting
C.gives a large amount of money to protect wildlife
D.takes part of the animal home in memory of the hunting
2.Why does the writer mention Cecil's story in Paragraph 3
A.To prove trophy hunting makes some animal species endangered.
B.To show how animals suffered painfully in trophy hunting.
C.To attach importance to protecting wild lions in Africa.
D.To persuade trophy hunters to hunt in a legal way.
3.What is the writers attitude towards the UK's decision on the ban of trophy-hunting imports
A.Delighted. B.Disappointed. C.Approved. D.Positive.
12.The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new. During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organisations have started turning plastics into fabric(织物) to deal with plastic pollution. But there's a problem with this method. Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.
Dr. Mark Browne in Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers for 10 years now. He explains that every time synthetic(合成的) clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers fall off. Most washing machines can't collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing machine, microfibers are entering the sewers(下水道) and finally end up in the sea.
In 2011, Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic clothing can produce more than 1,900 fibers per wash. Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world, and used a special way to examine each sample. He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.
This is bad news for a number of reasons. Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten. Studies have also shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.
Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organisations have chosen to turn plastic waste into clothing as an environmental "solution". Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne explains that he's had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Design—his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn't get a satisfying answer. Only one women's clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.
1.What has happened during the past five years
A.Fabric has become much stronger. B.Plastic pollution has been less serious.
C.Many plastic wastes have been reused. D.Microfibers have been greatly improved.
2.What does Browne think of washing synthetic clothes
A.It is adding microfibers to the clothes.
B.It is worsening environmental problems.
C.It is making synthetic clothes last longer.
D.It is doing great damage to washing machines.
3.What can be inferred about Browned Benign by Design research project
A.It has achieved great success. B.It hasn't got anything done.
C.It is known to very few people. D.It is facing some difficulties.
4.What's the best title for the text
A.It's Important to Learn to Recycle
B.It's Never Easy to Solve Pollution Problems
C.Recycled Plastic Clothing: Solution or Pollution
D.Are Human Beings Moving Forward or Backward
答案以及解析
1.答案：plastic
2.答案：conservation
3.答案：item
4.答案：has been destroyed
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年里，许多建筑物被大火完全烧毁。由in the past few years可知题目表述的事情是从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在都在发生的事情，应用现在完成时；building与destroy之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；"many a+名词单数"作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has been destroyed。
5.答案：has been threatened
解析：考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的几年里，野生动物受到人类扩张的严重威胁。空处在句中作谓语,所给词是名词,其动词形式为threaten(威胁)，由时间标志词in the last few years可知，"威胁"这一动作从过去开始持续到现在，用现在完成时，且主语wildlife与动词threaten二者是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动,主语wildlife是不可数名词。故填has been threatened。
6.答案：switch off
7.答案：switched on
8.答案：switching to
9.答案：threatens to fire
10.答案：under threat
11.答案：1-3.DBB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"The hunters then bring parts of the animal home with them as their 'trophy' to remember the hunting.(然后猎人把动物的一部分带回家作为他们的‘战利品'来纪念这次狩猎。)"可知,猎人通常会把动物的一部分带回家,以纪念这次狩猎。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Trophy hunting is not illegal but unfair on the animals."可知,战利品狩猎并不违法,但对动物是不公平的。 接着文章举出Cecil的事例来进一步说明动物在狩猎中所遭受的痛苦。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"This left the world in a state of shock. Hopefully the UK will place a ban on trophy-hunting imports, which would be an important message and inspire others to treat animals better. We're waiting for the day to come.(这让全世界大为震惊。英国将有望禁止战利品狩猎进口,这将是一个重要的信息,并将激励其他人更好地对待动物。我们在等待那一天的到来。)"可知,对于英国政府的决定,作者感到震惊和不满意。delighted高兴的;disappointed失望的;approved赞同的;positive肯定的。故选B。
12.答案：1-4.CBDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organisations have started turning plastics into fabric (织物) to deal with plastic pollution."可知,在过去的五年里,许多服装公司、企业和环保组织已经开始将塑料转变成织物来处理塑料污染。所以判断出在过去的五年里许多塑料废品已被重新利用。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"He explains that every time synthetic (合成的) clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers fall off. Most washing machines can't collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing machine, microfibers are entering the sewers(下水道) and finally end up in the sea."可知,他解释说,每次合成纤维衣服进入洗衣机,都会有大量塑料纤维脱落。大多数洗衣机无法收集这些微纤维。因此,每当水从洗衣机中流出时,微纤维就会进入下水道,最终流入大海。所以通过布朗的解释可以判断出,他认为洗合成纤维衣服正在使环境问题恶化。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Design... Browne didn't get a satisfying answer."可知,当他要求知名服装公司来支持他的研究项目Benign by Design时,并没有得到令人满意的答案。所以可以判断出布朗的Benign by Design正面临一些困难。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,在过去的五年里,大量的服装公司、企业和环保组织已经开始将塑料变成织物来处理塑料污染。但是这种方法有一个问题。现在的研究表明,微纤维可能是海洋中塑料的最大来源。来自加州圣巴巴拉的马克 布朗博士的研究也证实了这一点。所以短文主要是围绕"回收塑料服装:是解决方案还是污染 "展开的。故选C。
2Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction—2023-2024学年高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from _________(extinct).
2.It is of great _____(urgent) to find out the main cause of the accident.
知识点2 形容词的用法
3.What should be done to punish people who do harm to the _____(endanger) animals
知识点3 副词的用法
4.Mentors have played an _____(credible) important role in my life.
5.According to the traffic laws, drivers who park their cars ______(legally) should be punished.
【提升能力】
6.他们冒着生命危险，阻止了一次严重的铁路事故。
They prevented a serious railway accident ________________ their own lives.
7.他们的笑声渐渐消失了。
The sound of their laughter ________________.
8.每个人在环境保护中都扮演着重要角色。(role)
It is everyone that _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ protecting the environment.
9.你完全可以相信，努力终会收获回报。(depend)
You can definitely _____ _____ _____ _____ your efforts will pay off in the end.
10.据调查，登山运动显然可以增强人的身体素质。(obvious)
As is surveyed, _____ _____ _____ _____ mountaineering can enhance the physical quality.
【综合素养】
11.Swap, Don't shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor ①________. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ②______, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●③_______. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. ④_____. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say "go," or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ⑤_____. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
12.Urban Wildlife
Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors from the wilderness, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbours.
Cities are built for humans. ①______ For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.
②______ When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats.③______ Now, they have come to value their winged neighbours. The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park has used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. ④______
If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbours to the wildlife around us. ⑤______ Our own future will be in danger too.
A.They are built to protect birds.
B.Our actions sometimes help other species.
C.If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D.They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.
E.Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely.
F.At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.
G.They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.
答案以及解析
1.答案：extinction
2.答案：urgency
解析：句意为:查明事故的主要起因是十分紧迫的事情。"be of +抽象名词"为固定结构，常用来表明事物的特点或特征，含义相当于对应的形容词，即be of great urgent含义与be very urgent相同。故填urgency。
3.答案：endangered
4.答案：incredibly
5.答案：illegally
6.答案：at the risk of
7.答案：died away
8.答案：plays a big/ significant role in/ plays an important role in
9.答案：depend on it that
10.答案：it is obvious that
11.答案：①-⑤BAGFD
解析：①根据上文"So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor (那么,该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的看起来完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢 )"可知此处提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。根据下文"It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.(这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。)"可知此处提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法,空处应起承上启下的作用,承接上文讲到的问题,启下提出的方法,所以空处应该提出一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项"Hold a clothing swap.(进行衣物交换。)"给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法,承上启下,符合上下文语境。故选B。
②根据上文"Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.(邀请5到10个人,这样你就有一个很好的选择。)"可知此处说明了应该邀请的人数。根据下文"and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.(可能没有足够的东西可供选择;多于这个数量,它就变得无法控制。)可知多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空处应是针对下文中的"more than that ,and it becomes uncontrollable. (超过这个数,就会变得无法控制。)"提出的相反假设。A项"Less people than that(少于这些人)"提出一种假设,和下文中"more than that"相对,说明人数不宜太多,也不能太少,符合上下文语境。故选A。
③空处位于段首,是本段的主旨句。根据下文"They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子,把他们的"新"衣服带回家。)说明去的时候应该为交换所得的"新衣服"准备袋子,所以空处应该讲对每个来参加交换派对的人所带衣物的要求。G项"Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.(告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。)"说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服,其中的bring和下文中carry相对,下文中的also也是提示词,并且空后的They指代G项的everyone,概括本段文意,符合上下文语境。故选G。
④根据段首句"Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.(把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。)"可知本段主要讲衣服带来以后的相关问题,根据下文"Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.(在房间周围放几面镜子,这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。)可知在房间里要放置一面镜子,方便人们试穿衣服,空处承上启下,所以空处应该讲的是在房间里人们对于带来的衣服应该怎么做。F项"Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.(让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。)"说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置,而且F项的spots对应空前的surfaces,符合上下文语境。故选F。
⑤根据上文"Set a starting time. Maybe you say "go," or turn on a certain song, or whatever.(设置开始时间。也许你说"开始",或者打开一首歌,或者无论什么。)可知本段主要讲的是和聚会有关的事情。根据下文"And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!(别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住,这是个派对!)"可知此处讲的是聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。空处承上启下,所以也应该讲述和聚会有关的内容。D项"Just keep music playing throughout.(要始终播放音乐。)"承接上文,启出下文,而且D项中的music对应空前的a certain song,与前文形成意义上的一致,符合上下文语境。故选D。
12.答案：DBFEC
解析：①根据空前的 Cities are built for humans.与空后的 we destroy natural habitats 可知,城市往往不能为野生动物提供合适的栖息地。故选D。
②根据空后的 When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineer added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats.可知,桥梁的修缮为蝙蝠提供了家园,这说明我们人类的行为有时也能帮助到其他物种。故选B。
③根据空后的 Now, they have come to value their winged neighbours.可知,此处填人的句子与空后句子存在对比。come to value 表示"逐渐开始珍惜",这说明人们之前对蝙蝠是不同的感受。F项"起初,人们害怕这些蝙蝠,努力想要赶走它们"符合语境。故选F。
④根据上文 The park has used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife.可知,这个公园使用了当地的植物,为野生动物创造了开放的自然空间。由此可推知,野生动物们在这里不用被关在笼子里,可以自由移动,E项符合语境。wildlife为关键词,故选E。
⑤根据空后的 Our own future will be in danger too. 可知,如果我们没有和野生动物分享我们的空间,动物们会面临灭绝的危险, C项符合语境。下文中的too为关键词。 故选C。
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