2023-2024学年辽宁省沈阳重点中学八年级（上）期初英语试卷（含解析）
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2023-2024学年辽宁省沈阳重点中学八年级（上）期初英语试卷
一、单选题（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
1. I have no idea about the word.Will you please in the dictionary for me？（ ）
A. look it up B. see it C. look at it D. look for it
2. The ________ of the table feels smooth.It must be made of fine wood.（ ）
A. experience B. surface C. balance D. color
3. The king ____a wise old man ____a game one day.（ ）
A. asked，to B. told，for C. provided，for D. challenged，to
4. The telephone rang______Miss Green was cooking in the kitchen.（ ）
A. while B. after C. because D. although
5. I like everything in this city，______its weather--neither too hot nor too cold.（ ）
A. finally B. actually C. especially D. simply
6. Reading is getting more popular ________ young Chinese.（ ）
A. between B. during C. among D. against
7. So far，we ___________ 6000 English words.（ ）
A. are studying B. have studied C. studied D. study
8. The policemen often stop children ________ in the street.（ ）
A. to play B. in playing C. played D. from playing
9. This is a _______building.（ ）
A. 20-metre-high B. 20-metres-high
C. 20 metres high D. 20-metres height
10. —Shall we go to the cinema by bus or taxi？
—______，Andy.The doctor says you need more exercise.Let's walk there.（ ）
A. Take it easy B. Hurry up C. Come on D. Never mind
11. There are ______of foreign students in his class._______of students is 52.（ ）
A. a number，A number B. the number，The number
C. a number，The number D. the number ，A number
12. The little boy was ______the danger of playing with fire.（ ）
A. short of B. interested in C. excited about D. unaware of
13. --Have you got _______ready for the exam？
--Not yet.I still have _____to do.（ ）
A. everything，something B. something，everything
C. anything，anything D. anything，something
14. There is a small temple on__________side of the river.（ ）
A. another B. the other C. other D. the others
15. At last，he began to cry ________.（ ）
A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard
C. the harder and the harder D. harder and harder
二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共10.0分）
Do you hope to do lots of homework every evening？Are you（1） ______ in your English classes？You （2） ______ have many questions in your mind before school starts.
Well.I want to give you some good（3） ______ on these problems.
First，keep（4） ______ .Don't worry about all your problems.Don't stop learning，and you can find something interesting.
Second，finish your homework（5） ______ .Don't spend much time on it.Do more reading or writing in English.Think about your problems and（6） ______ them at once.
Third，copy（抄写） vocabularies less（7） ______ use them more.If you can（8） ______ the vocabularies in your own way，you can tell your teachers you don't like copying them again and again.I think your teachers will（9） ______ you and give you something else to do.
School is really a（10） ______ place for us to learn.Believe in your teachers and yourself.You can do everything well.
16. A. interested B. harmful C. crowded D. common
17. A. need B. might C. can D. would
18. A. practice B. choice C. advice D. service
19. A. noisy B. pale C. calm D. close
20. A. probably B. suddenly C. loudly D. quickly
21. A. solve B. taste C. follow D. feed
22. A. and B. but C. because D. so
23. A. remember B. cover C. forget D. reduce
24. A. keep clear of B. think of C. be careful with D. agree with
25. A. terrible B. bad C. broken D. good
三、补全对话-填空（本大题共1小题，共8.0分）
26. There are many ways of shopping.You can shop by smart phone or through your home computer，but for many people，the most exciting way to shop is also the most traditional -----at a street market. (1) Here are four of them.
There are many"floating markets"in Asia.Perhaps the most unusual is in Thailand，at a place called Damnoen Saduak.It's open from six in the morning to the noon every day. (2)
Many Belgians （比利时人） say that the Grand Place is the most beautiful square in the world. (3) It's open every day except Monday.On Monday，instead of flowers，there's a wonderful bird market!
One of the world's most famous markets is in Mexico City -----the Sonora Market.You can buy toys，birds，herbs and medicine.There are all kinds of things.
In England，every weekend，thousands of young people from all over London travel to the Camden Market. (4) Many people also go there for fun.
A.You can go to the markets anytime.
B.You can find markets anywhere in the world.
C.It is the home of a colourful flower market.
D.People sell fresh fruit from their boats.
E.It's the place to go for street fashion，CDs and so on.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
四、阅读理解（本大题共16小题，共29.0分）
A
Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.
Leonardo da Vinci （1452—1519）was an Italian painter ，inventor，musician，engineer and scientist.Da Vinci was born in the countryside.From an early age，he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.As he grew older，he learnt to do many different things.His paintings are very famous.And one，the MONA LISA，is perhaps the most famous painting in the world.He also had many inventions.For example，his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. （See Art）
Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.They lived everywhere on earth.Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.Others were as big as ten elephants.Some could even fly.
Many dinosaurs ate plants.However，some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years.Then，suddenly，they all died out.Nobody knows why.However，we can learn about them from their fossils.（See Earth History）
27. Leonardo da Vinci was from ______ .
A. England B. American C. Italy D. Italian
28. Which picture is not painted by Leonardo da Vinci？ ______
A. B.
C. D.
29. How can we find more about dinosaurs？ ______
A. By seeing Art B. By seeing Festival
C. By seeing Sports D. By seeing Earth history
30. Which of the following statements is true？ ______
A. Leonardo da Vinci was famous for his paintings and books.
B. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 thousand years before human beings.
C. Some dinosaurs died out suddenly.
D. Leonardo da Vinci showed great artistic ability from an early age.
B
How can you do calculations （计算） quickly？These days，you can easily use a calculator.
But how about people in ancient times？In the very beginning，the cleverest among them thought of using stones and seashells.Then，around the 2nd century B.C. ，they invented the abacus.Some researchers consider the invention to be the world's oldest "calculator".In China，people used abacuses to do calculations for thousands of years.
The abacus is usually made of wood.It has many beads （珠子）.Each rod （竿）stands for a different digit （数位）.The rightmost is ones，the second is tens，the third is hundreds，and so on.Each bead in the central area has a value.
In the past，the use of the abacus was taught in all schools.It was considered to be an important skill that everybody needed to pick up.Wherever there was a need for calculations，an abacus would come into sight.
Today，abacuses are no longer widely used.Perhaps you have never seen one.However，we can still feel the important roles they once played.Abacuses have become a symbol.Because they used to be a must - have for business people，some have come to believe that abacuses can help their owners gather wealth.
31. According to the passage，what are the world's earliest "calculators"？ ______
A. Stones. B. Seashells. C. Abacuses. D. Beads.
32. Which number does the picture in the passage stand for？ ______
A. 3781. B. 1873. C. 1433. D. 5423.
33. By writing this passage，the author mainly wanted to ______ .
A. introduce the abacus to people
B. teach people how to use the abacus
C. try to make the abacus popular again
D. explore why the abacus is no longer popular
C
Do you want to have a birthday party 140 kilometers above the ground，or have a dance weightless （失重地） with your friends？Just wait for a few years.
A new business space company in China started to develop a kind of new spaceship in 2017.It expects to start providing space journeys （旅行） for people with enough money about ten years later.
Han Qingping，the president of China Rocket Corporation，said the company would develop a kind of spaceship that can take three to five travelers. It can reach a height of 80km above the ground.The height is right in the top part of the mesosphere （中间层），higher than planes and balloons can travel，but just below the height where satellites （卫星） fly.There travelers will have a new way to watch the mother planet and they can experience weightlessness as well.
Tang Yagang，a head of CALT's space activity department （部门），said China Rocket Corporation will offer four types （类型） of rockets to the market.They can meet different humans' activities.Now scientists are working hard to make it true and it is certainly that people's life will be more colorful in the future.
34. When may be the earliest time for people to go on space journeys？ ______
A. In 2017. B. In 2027. C. In 2030. D. In 2040.
35. The underlined word "it" in the passage means ______ .
A. the company B. a plane
C. a kind of spaceship D. a satellite
36. The kind of new spaceship can take ______ people at most into space.
A. three B. four C. five D. six
37. Which of the following is true according to the passage？ ______
A. People can have birthday parties 140 meters above the ground in the future.
B. The spaceship made by the space company can get to 80km above the ground.
C. China Rocket Corporation will develop four spaceships in the future.
D. Planes and balloons may fly higher than satellites in the future.
38. The passage is mainly about ______ .
A. having a birthday party in space B. a journey on the mother planet
C. the top part of the mesosphere D. space journeys in the future
D
More than twenty-nine thousand foreign exchange students went to American high schools last year.They came from one hundred and nine countries.Foreign exchange students can learn more about a culture and its people.They make new friends and experience new places.But they can also experience problems.
In the past，exchange students knew little about their host families before meeting them.
But today，exchange students may know a lot about their host family before they leave home.E- mails and cell phones make it easier for the students to keep in touch with their host family and their own family.Students can also get along well with their host family and live on their own.However，new students may feel lost at first in a huge building when they move from class to class.Changing classrooms may also be a new experience for exchange students.In their own countries，teachers move from room to room，not the students.
To become an exchange student at an American high school，students must be between the ages of 15 and 18.And they must agree to accept the rules of the exchange program （项目） and their host families.Host families do not get paid，but they get a fifty dollar tax deduction （课税减免） for each month when the student lives in their home.Many exchange students say the experience taught them a lot about the world and about themselves .
39. Which is one of the difficulties for exchange students in the USA？ ______
A. Getting along with their host family.
B. Living on their own.
C. Finding classrooms on campus（校园）.
D. Keeping in touch with their families.
40. Today，exchange students may know ______ about their host family before they leave home.
A. nothing B. much C. a little D. everything
41. If you are ______ years old，you can be an exchange student at an American high school.
A. 13 B. 19 C. 17 D. 20
42. Host families get ______ paid.
A. no B. a fifty dollar
C. A one hundred and nine D. An eighteen dollar
五、任务型阅读-多任务混合（本大题共4小题，共31.0分）
43. Henry and Paula write for the school newspaper.They have written the short articles to help students improve their memory.
Rosie Bridge School 27 March
Memory Comer
Henry
A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind.If you make the picture big，strange or silly，you will remember it better.For example，to remember the word "smiles"，we can imagine there is a "mile" between the first letter and the last letter.This makes it the longest word in the world.Remember：a picture is worth a thousand words.
Paula
A good method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make a short sentence with each letter of the word.For example，if you want to remember how to spell the word "because"，you can use the sentence "Big elephants can always understand small elephants.
(1) What did Henry and Paula write the articles for？ ______
（2）When were the articles published（出版）？ ______
(2) Who thinks imagining a picture in one's mind can help them remember it well？ ______
(3) Why did Paula use a sentence "Big elephants can always understand small elephant？ ______
44. 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。
Many inventions were created by accident.The inventors were trying to make something completely different.Here is one example.
Name of the inventor：Percy LeBaron Spencer
Nationality：American
Invention：The microwave
Year：1945
How he invented it：
.He was working on a machine to produce powerful radio waves（无线电波）.
While standing next to the new machine，he noticed that a bar of chocolate in his pocket became soft.
He realized that the machine was able to cook things.
.The first microwave weighed around 350 kilograms and was as big as a fridge.
(1) Where does Percy LeBaron Spencer come from？
______
(2) When was the microwave invented？
______
(3) What was the microwave used for？
______
(4) Was the first microwave small or big？
______
45. A group of British students from Wood park School in London are visiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing （A）_________an educational exchange.
"I was very nervous at first，"says Sarah."However，my host family are really friendly.I am glad to be a guest in their home.I've learnt to use chopsticks，and they're teaching me a little Chinese!"
The students spend the weekday s studying with Chinese students.At the weekend；they tour around Beijing and visit places of interest with their host families.
"It's been a fantastic experience so far，" says Eric."（B） I've learnt a bit of tai chi，and I really enjoy it. We've already learnt（C） a lot about Chinese culture and history.The teachers have introduced us （D）_________Chinese painting as well.We've also tried to paint some pictures ourselves!I haven't had much success yet，but I'll keep trying."
"（E ）我已经交了许多新朋友， "says Sara."I plan to keep in touch with them when I（F） go back home.We'll see one another soon because they'll come over to the UK for the second part of the exchange next month.I can't wait!"
(1) 在文中（A）和（D）的空白处填入适当的单词： ______ ； ______
(2) 将文中画线部分（B）改写为：I've learnt ______ tai chi，and I really enjoy it.
(3) 写出文中画线部分（C）和（ F）的同义词或近义词： ______ ： ______
(4) 将文中画线部分（E）译成英语： ______
(5) 从文中找出两个城市的名称： ______ ， ______
46. Great inventions change the world.They help people live a better life.The following are（A） _____of the most important inventions in history.
The wheel
（B）The wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history.After its invention，travelling became faster and more comfortable.A few thousand years ago，people started to use wheels on carriages.In the early 19th century，the first trains （C）started to carry passengers.At the start of the 20th century， （D）车盛行起来.Without the wheel，we would not have these inventions.
The telephone
Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876.Since then，people have been able to speak（E） _____each other over long distances.Today millions of people across the world own mobile phones.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime，anywhere.
The light bulb
Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879.Before the invention of the light bulb，people had to use oil lamps，gas lamps or candles to see at night.With light bulbs，people （F）are able to do many things in the evenings.Can you imagine living without them？
(1) 在文中（A）和（E）的空白处分别填入适当的单词。 ______ ______
(2) 将文中划线部分（B）改写为：The wheel is perhaps ______ the other inventions in history.
(3) 写出文中划线部分（C）和（F）的同义词或近义词。 ______ ______
(4) 将文中划线部分（D）译成英语。 ______
(5) 从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的中心词。 ______
六、阅读填空（本大题共1小题，共7.0分）
47. Odysseus （奥德修斯）was a hero in the Trojan War.He helped the Greek army enter the city of Troy by
(1) （ play） a trick.
Odysseus and his wife Penelope lived (2) （ happy） on an island of Greece.After the Trojans took Queen Helen and (3) （ steal） a lot of gold from Greece，the king was very angry.He ordered Odysseus (4) （lead） the army to attack Troy and punish the Trojans.
However，Odysseus didn't come back after the Trojan War.Many people believed that he had died，and Penelope's home was full of men who wanted to marry her.But she kept (5) （wait） for Odysseus' return.Odysseus and his men got lost at sea on (6) （ they） way back home.All of them died except Odysseus.However，the huge waves did not kill Odysseus' hope.He never stopped fighting to get home.
In the end，Odysseus' strong will （意志）moved （打动）the gods.With the (7) （gods） help，he finally got home after twenty years.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
答案和解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】look up查阅，动副词短语，人称代词宾格放在中间；see看见；look at看，动介词短语；look for寻找，动介词短语。根据语境，可知让对方帮助查单词。
故选：A。
我不知道这个单词。请你帮我在词典里查一下好吗？
辨析动词短语或动词的含义，结合语境，给出答案。
2.【答案】B
【解析】experience经验；surface表面；balance平衡；color颜色，都是名词。根据后句句意"它一定是用优质木材做的"可知，前句句意为"桌子的表面摸起来很光滑"，要填"表面"，其它选项语意不通。
故选：B。
桌子的表面摸起来很光滑，它一定是用优质木材做的。
考查名词词义辨析，要牢记名词的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。
3.【答案】D
【解析】A.让某人做某事；B.告诉；C.给某人提供某物；D.挑战某人。根据题干，可知是指一天，国王向一位聪明的老人挑战。
故选：D。
一天，国王向一位聪明的老人挑战。
熟悉动词短语的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
4.【答案】A
【解析】A当......时；B在......之后；C因为；D尽管。分析句式，题干是一个复合句；根据语境，主句动作rang发生时，从句动作was cooking正在进行，这里指主从句动作是同时发生的，设空处意为"当……时"，应用while引导此时间状语从句。
故选A。
当格林小姐正在厨房做饭时，电话铃响了。
熟悉从属连词的基本用法，结合题意，给出答案。
5.【答案】C
【解析】finally最后；actually实际上；especially尤其；simply简单地。根据"我喜欢这个城市的一切，......它的天气——既不太热也不太冷。"可知，应该是"尤其"。
故选：C。
我喜欢这个城市的一切，尤其是它的天气——既不太热也不太冷。
要结合语境，辨析副词用法，选择合适答案完成试题。
6.【答案】C
【解析】between在……之间（两者）；during在……期间；among在……之间（三者及以上）；against反对。根据"Reading is getting more popular...young Chinese."可知阅读在中国年轻人之间很受欢迎，表示三者以上之间用among。
故选：C。
阅读在中国年轻人中越来越受欢迎。
掌握介词的意思和用法，分析选项，结合语境选择正确答案。
7.【答案】B
【解析】句意：到目前为止，我们已经学习了6000个英语单词。are studying正在学习；现在进行时；have studied已经学习，现在完成时；studied学习，过去式；study学习，原形。根据So far可知，此处用现在完成时，其结构是have done的形式。故选B。
8.【答案】D
【解析】根据题干，可知考查stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事。
故选：D。
警察经常阻止孩子们在街上玩耍。
熟悉动词固定搭配的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
9.【答案】A
【解析】根据选项可知，此处为数词+名词（单数）+形容词构成复合形容词，并用连字符连接，即用20-metre-high表示"20米高的"，修饰名词building。
故选：A。
这是一座20米高的建筑。
本题考查复合形容词的用法，要注意分析选项，并结合语境答题。
10.【答案】C
【解析】考查情境交际。A放松；B快点；C来吧；D没关系。根据The doctor says you need more exercise.Let's walk there.（医生说你需要更多的锻炼。让我们走路去那。）可知要走路去那，C符合情境。
故选：C。
——我们应该坐公交车去电影院还是坐出租车去？
——来吧，安迪。医生说你需要更多的锻炼。让我们走路去那。
考查情境对话，在日常学习时多积累日常交际用语。做题时要先了解各选项的意思，对其用法做到心里有数，再根据具体的语境来选择正确答案。
11.【答案】C
【解析】the number of..."……的数目"；a number of..."许多，大量"，第一空是"他班上有许多外国学生"，此处是a number of；第二空是"学生人数是52人"可知，此处是the number of。
故选：C。
他班上有许多外国学生。学生人数是52人。
要抓出关键词结合句意选择合适的一项。
12.【答案】D
【解析】be short of缺少；be interested in对……感兴趣；be excited about对……感到兴奋；be unaware of对……没有意识到。根据"the danger of playing with fire"可知，此处是"小男孩没有意识到玩火的危险"。
故选：D。
小男孩没有意识到玩火的危险。
考查形容词短语的辨析。要抓出关键词结合句意选择合适的一项。
13.【答案】A
【解析】everything一切；something某物；anything任何东西；第一空是"你考试一切准备好了吗"可知，此处是everything；第二空是"还没有。我还有一些事要做"，此处用something。
故选：A。
--你考试一切准备好了吗？
--还没有。我还有一些事要做。
要抓出关键词结合句意选择合适的一项。
14.【答案】B
【解析】other泛指"其他的，另外的"，泛指剩余的另一些，并非全部；another再一个；另一个（泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个）；the other特指两者中另外一个；the others相当于the other+名词。根据句意：河的对岸有一座小寺庙。可知河有两边，用the other。
故选：B。
河的对岸有一座小寺庙。
熟悉other/the other/others/another的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
15.【答案】D
【解析】考查副词比较级。cry表示"哭"，是动词，应用副词hard修饰，表示"猛烈地"，其比较级为harder，根据观察可知题干使用了"比较级+and+比较级"的结构，意思是"越来越"，因此正确答案是harder and harder，表示"越来越厉害"。
故选：D。
最后，他开始哭得越来越厉害。
本题主要考查"比较级+and+比较级"的结构的用法。
16~25.【答案】A、B、C、C、D、A、B、A、D、D
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：你对你的英语课感兴趣吗？interested感兴趣的；harmful有害的；crowded拥挤的；common普通的。根据语境可知，是对英语课感兴趣，be interested in"对……感兴趣"，固定短语。故选A。
（2）考查情态动词。句意：开学前，你可能会有很多问题。need需要；might（表示可能、不确定等）可能，也许；can能，会；would将会。此句表示一种不确定的推测，应用might。故选B。
（3）考查名词。句意：我想就这些问题给你一些好的建议。practice 练习，实践；choice选择；advice 建议，忠告；service服务。根据下文First，keep calm.（首先，保持冷静。）Second，finish your homework.（第二，完成作业。）Third，copy（抄写） vocabularies less（7）use them more.（第三，少抄词汇，多用词汇。）可知，给的是建议。故选C。
（4）考查形容词。句意：首先，保持冷静。noisy 嘈杂的；pale苍白的；calm平静，镇静，沉着；close亲密的，接近。根据下文"Don't worry about all your problems."（不要担心你所有的问题。）可知，要镇静，不要焦虑。故选C。
（5）考查副词。句意：第二，快速完成作业。probably可能，大概；suddenly突然；loudly大声地；quickly迅速地。根据下文"Don't spend much time on it."（不要在这上面花太多时间。）可知，是快速完成作业。故选D。
（6）考查动词。句意：想想你的问题，马上解决。solve解决；taste品尝；follow遵循，听从，理解；feed喂养。them指代问题，可知用solve。故选A。
（7）考查连词。句意：第三，少抄词汇，多用词汇。and和；but但是；because因为；so所以。根据语境可知，此句是并列句，前后句意是转折关系，应用but。故选B。
（8）考查动词。句意：如果你能用自己的方式记住单词，你可以告诉你的老师你不喜欢一遍又一遍地抄写。remember记得，记住；cover覆盖；forget忘记；reduce减少。根据"you can tell your teachers you don't like copying them again and again"（你可以告诉你的老师你不喜欢一遍又一遍地抄袭他们）可知，是用自己的方式记住单词。故选A。
（9）考查短语。句意：我想你的老师会同意你的意见，给你一些其他的事情做。keep clear of 避开，不接触；think of考虑，想起；be careful with小心；agree with同意，与某人（某观点）一致。根据"give you something else to do"（给你点别的事做）可知，是老师同意你用自己的方式记住单词，不要反复地抄写单词。故选D。
（10）考查形容词。句意：学校真地是我们学习的好地方。terrible 可怕的，糟糕的；bad坏的；broken破碎的；good好。根据下文"Believe in your teachers and yourself.You can do everything well."（相信你的老师和你自己。你可以把每件事都做好。）可知，学校是我们学习的好地方。故选D。
本文主要是给学生们提供了一些应对学习中的问题的好建议，包括不要担心问题，持续学习，不要花太多时间在作业上，多读多写，少抄单词表，相信自己和老师。作者鼓励学生们在学校里好好学习，相信自己一定能做好。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
26.【答案】【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】C
【小题4】E
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据下文Here are four of them.（这里有四个。）可知在介绍市场。 B项"你可以在世界任何地方找到市场。"符合题意。故选B。
（2）根据上文 There are many"floating markets"in Asia.（亚洲有很多"浮动市场"。）可知说的是船上市场。D项"人们在船上卖新鲜水果。"符合题意。故选D。
（3）根据下文On Monday，instead of flowers，there's a wonderful bird market!（星期一，除了鲜花，还有一个美妙的鸟类市场！）可知说的是卖鲜花市场。C项"这里是色彩斑斓的花卉市场的所在地。"符合题意。故选C。
（4）根据上文In England，every weekend，thousands of young people from all over London travel to the Camden Market.（在英国，每个周末，成千上万来自伦敦各地的年轻人都会前往卡姆登市场。）可知说的是时尚去处。E项"这是街头时尚、CD等的去处。"符合题意。故选E。
本文主要给我们列举了几个闻名于世界的街道大市场。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
27~30.【答案】C、B、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Leonardo da Vinci （1452—1519）was an Italian painter ，inventor，musician，engineer and scientist.（莱昂纳多 达 芬奇（1452—1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。）可知他来自意大利。故选C。
（2）理解判断题。根据常识，B项是梵高的画作。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据（See Earth History）（（参见地球历史））可知想了解更多关于恐龙的信息可以看地球历史。故选D。
（4）理解判断题。根据From an early age，he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.（从很小的时候起，他就表现出很高的智力和艺术才能。）可知D项符合文意。故选D。
本文介绍了百科全书里的两篇文章：一是关于列奥纳多 达 芬奇，一是关于恐龙。
在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
31~33.【答案】C、B、A
【解析】本文主要介绍了世界上最早的计算器--算盘。
阅读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文，在原文中找出与题目对应的内容，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1.
（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Then，around the 2nd century B.C. ，they invented the abacus.Some researchers consider the invention to be the world's oldest "calculator".（然后，大约在公元前2世纪，他们发明了算盘。一些研究人员认为这项发明是世界上最古老的"计算器"。）可知算盘是最早的"计算器"。故选C。
2.
（2）细节推理题。根据图片可知上面的珠子一个代表5，下面的珠子一个代表1，再根据第三段The rightmost is ones，the second is tens，the third is hundreds，and so on.（最右边的是个位，第二个是十位，第三个是百位，以此类推。）可知图中代表的数字是1783。故选B。
3.
（3）目的意图题。根据第二段In China，people used abacuses to do calculations for thousands of years.（在中国，人们用算盘进行计算已有几千年的历史。）判断本文的目的是向人们介绍计算器。故选A。
34~38.【答案】B、C、C、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段A new business space company in China started to develop a kind of new spaceship in 2017.It expects to start providing space journeys （旅行） for people with enough money about ten years later.（2017年，中国一家新的商业航天公司开始研发一种新型宇宙飞船。该公司预计大约10年后开始为有足够资金的人提供太空旅行。）可知，人们进行太空旅行最早的时间是2027年。故选B。
（2）代词指代题。根据第三段the company would develop a kind of spaceship that can take three to five travelers.（该公司将开发一种可以搭载三到五名乘客的宇宙飞船。）可知，此处"it"指代上文的"a kind of spaceship"。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段Han Qingping，the president of China Rocket Corporation，said the company would develop a kind of spaceship that can take three to five travelers.（中国火箭公司总裁韩庆平说该公司将开发一种可以搭载三到五名乘客的宇宙飞船。）可知，这种新型宇宙飞船最多可以带5个人进入太空。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据第三段It can reach a height of 80km above the ground.（它可以达到距地面80公里的高度。）可知，航天公司制造的宇宙飞船可以到达离地80公里的高空。故选B。
（5）主旨大意题。根据第一段Do you want to have a birthday party 140 kilometers above the ground，or have a dance weightless （失重地） with your friends？Just wait for a few years.（你是想在140公里的高空举办生日派对，还是想和朋友们跳一场失重的舞蹈？再等几年。）以及全文信息可知，本文主要是关于未来的太空旅行，因此本文的主旨大意是D项"未来的太空旅行"。故选D。
本文介绍了中国一家新的商业航天公司正在研发一种新型太空飞船，预计在十年后为有足够资金的人提供太空旅行。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
39~42.【答案】C、B、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据However，new students may feel lost at first in a huge building when they move from class to class.Changing classrooms may also be a new experience for exchange students.（然而，当新生们从一个班级搬到另一个班级时，他们可能会在一栋巨大的建筑里感到失落。换教室对交换学生来说可能也是一种新的体验。）可知美国交换生的困难之一是在校园里找教室。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据But today，exchange students may know a lot about their host family before they leave home.（但是今天，交换生在离开家之前可能会对寄宿家庭有很多了解。）可知现在，交换生在离开家之前可能会对寄宿家庭有很多了解。故选B。
（3）细节判断题。根据To become an exchange student at an American high school，students must be between the ages of 15 and 18.（要想成为美国高中的交换生，学生必须在15岁到18岁之间。）可推断出如果你17岁了，你可以成为美国高中的交换生。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据Host families do not get paid，but they get a fifty dollar tax deduction （课税减免） for each month when the student lives in their home.（寄宿家庭没有报酬，但当学生住在家中时，他们每个月可以获得50美元的税收减免。）可知寄宿家庭没有报酬。故选A。
文章主要讲述了外国交换生在美国的学习和生活中遇到的一些问题。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
43.【答案】【小题1】They have written the short articles to help students improve their memory.
【小题2】27 March.
【小题3】Henry.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据原文They have written the short articles to help students improve their memory.（他们写了一些短文来帮助学生提高记忆力。）可知他们写了一些短文来帮助学生提高记忆力。故填：They have written the short articles to help students improve their memory。
（2）细节理解题。根据原文Rosie Bridge School 27 March（罗西桥学校3月27日）可知是3月27日。故填：27 March。
（3）细节理解题。根据原文Henry的A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind.（帮助你记住某事的一个好方法是在脑海中想象它的画面。）可知亨利这样认为的。故填：Henry。
（4）细节理解题。根据原文A good method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make a short sentence with each letter of the word.（记住单词拼写的一个好方法是用单词的每个字母组成一个短句。）可知是为了记住单词。故填：To remenber the the spelling of words。
材料介绍了高效率记忆单词的方法。
做这类题，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项写出正确答案。
44.【答案】【小题1】America.
【小题2】In 1945.
【小题3】It was used for cooking things.
【小题4】Big.
【解析】细节理解题
（1）根据Nationality：American（国籍：美国）可知，Percy LeBaron Spencer来自美国。故答案为America.
（2）根据Invention：The microwave（发明：微波炉）Year：1945（年代：1945）可知，微波炉是在1945年发明的。故答案为In 1945.
（3）根据He realized that the machine was able to cook things.（他意识到这机器可以做饭。）可知，微波炉用来做饭。故答案为It was used for cooking things.
（4）根据The first microwave weighed around 350 kilograms and was as big as a fridge.（第一台微波炉重约350公斤，和冰箱一样大。）可知，第一台微波炉很大。故答案为Big.
文章介绍了微波炉的发明。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
45.【答案】【小题1】on
【小题2】to
【小题3】a little
【小题4】much
【小题5】return
【解析】（1）（A）考查介词。句意：来自伦敦伍德帕克学校的一群英国学生正在北京新华初中进行教育交流。on an educational exchange关于教育交流。故填：on。
（D）考查介词。句意：老师也让我们首次了解国画。introduce sb.to sth.使某人初次了解某物，固定短语。故填：to。
（2）考查同义句。根据I've learnt a bit of tai chi，and I really enjoy it. （我学会了一点太极，我真的喜欢它。）a bit of一点，修饰不可数名词，同义词为a little。故填：a little。
（3）（C）考查代词。句意：我已经了解了很多关于中国文化和历史的事。a lot很多，由于此处是指代"关于中国文化和历史的事"，是抽象概念，用much表示"很多"。故填：much。
（F）考查动词。句意：我计划回家后和他们保持联系。go back回到，其同义词为return，句子是一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填：return。
（4）英译汉题。根据题干可知，本句用现在完成时，结构为have（has）+过去分词；make friends交朋友，friend是可数名词，用many（很多）修饰，new新的；主语是I，助动词用have。故填：I have made many new friends.
（5）细节理解题。根据第一段A group of British students from Wood park School in London are visiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing on an educational exchange.（一群来自伦敦伍德帕克学校的英国学生正在北京的新华初中进行教育交流。）可知表示城市的单词有"伦敦"和"北京"。故填：London；Beijing。
本文主要讲述了一群英国学生在北京做交换生时的感受和经历。
这是个综合型阅读题，题目中有英汉互译题、也有问答题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力。答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案；英汉互译题需要根据句意及汉英语言各自的语法习惯来翻译。
46.【答案】【小题1】three
【小题2】to
【小题3】greater than
【小题4】began
【小题5】can
【解析】（1）（A）考查数词。句意：以下是历史上三项重要的发明。根据下文的小标题The wheel（轮胎）、The telephone（电话）和The light bulb（灯泡），可知是三项发明。（E）考查介词。句意：从那时起，人们就可以远距离交谈了。根据题干，此处用固定短语speak to sb.（和某人说话）。故填：three；to。
（2）考查比较级。句意：轮胎可能比历史上其它发明更伟大。原文（B）划线句子的意思是"轮胎可能是历史上最伟大的发明"，可知它比历史上其它发明都更加重要，应该把最高级改为比较级。故填：greater than。
（3）（C）考查动词。句意：19世纪初，第一列火车开始载客。started开始，其同义词为began。（F）考查情态动词。句意：有了灯泡，人们能在晚上做很多事情。are able to能够，一般现在时，其同义词为can。故填：began；can。
（4）汉译英题。根据题干，本题用主系表结构，时间状语为At the start of the 20th century（在20世纪初），时态用一般过去时，主语用复数名词cars，表示种类，系动词became（变得），表语popular（盛行）。故填：cars became popular。
（5）主旨大意题。根据第一段Great inventions change the world（伟大的发明改变了世界），可知本文主要介绍几项伟大的发明，说明本文主旨大意的中心词是inventions（发明）。故填：inventions。
短文介绍了几项重要的发明——轮胎、电话和灯泡。
这是个综合型阅读题，题目中有英汉互译题、也有问答题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力。答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案；英汉互译题需要根据句意及汉英语言各自的语法习惯来翻译。
47.【答案】【小题1】playing
【小题2】happily
【小题3】stole
【小题4】led
【小题5】waiting
【小题6】their
【解析】（1）考查动名词。句意：他用一个小把戏帮助Greek军队进入了Troy城。空格前面的词语是介词，所以要用动名词来填空。故答案为：playing。
（2）考查副词。句意：Odysseus和Penelope生活的很快乐。副词修饰动词。故答案为：happily。
（3）考查动词。句意：在Trojans占领了Queen Helen之后，他们从Greece偷了许多金子。主体时态是一般过去时。故答案为：stole。
（4）考查动词。句意：国王Odysseus命令进攻Troy。主体时态是一般过去时。故答案为：led。
（5）考查动名词。句意：但是她还是一直等着Odysseus回来。keep doing固定短语，一直做某事。故答案为：waiting。
（6）考查代词。句意：Odysseus和他的人在回家的路上在海上迷路了。空格后面的词语是名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词来填空。故答案为：their。
（7）考查名词所有格。句意：在神的帮助下，在20年最终回到了家乡。空格后面的词语是，所以要用名词所有格来填空。故答案为：gods's。
本文主要介绍了Odysseus进攻Troy的故事。
首先要通读短文，掌握大意，特别要注意上下文之间的联系，确定某处的需要的词汇和形式，就可以确定正确答案。
第1页，共1页
一、单选题（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
1. I have no idea about the word.Will you please in the dictionary for me？（ ）
A. look it up B. see it C. look at it D. look for it
2. The ________ of the table feels smooth.It must be made of fine wood.（ ）
A. experience B. surface C. balance D. color
3. The king ____a wise old man ____a game one day.（ ）
A. asked，to B. told，for C. provided，for D. challenged，to
4. The telephone rang______Miss Green was cooking in the kitchen.（ ）
A. while B. after C. because D. although
5. I like everything in this city，______its weather--neither too hot nor too cold.（ ）
A. finally B. actually C. especially D. simply
6. Reading is getting more popular ________ young Chinese.（ ）
A. between B. during C. among D. against
7. So far，we ___________ 6000 English words.（ ）
A. are studying B. have studied C. studied D. study
8. The policemen often stop children ________ in the street.（ ）
A. to play B. in playing C. played D. from playing
9. This is a _______building.（ ）
A. 20-metre-high B. 20-metres-high
C. 20 metres high D. 20-metres height
10. —Shall we go to the cinema by bus or taxi？
—______，Andy.The doctor says you need more exercise.Let's walk there.（ ）
A. Take it easy B. Hurry up C. Come on D. Never mind
11. There are ______of foreign students in his class._______of students is 52.（ ）
A. a number，A number B. the number，The number
C. a number，The number D. the number ，A number
12. The little boy was ______the danger of playing with fire.（ ）
A. short of B. interested in C. excited about D. unaware of
13. --Have you got _______ready for the exam？
--Not yet.I still have _____to do.（ ）
A. everything，something B. something，everything
C. anything，anything D. anything，something
14. There is a small temple on__________side of the river.（ ）
A. another B. the other C. other D. the others
15. At last，he began to cry ________.（ ）
A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard
C. the harder and the harder D. harder and harder
二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共10.0分）
Do you hope to do lots of homework every evening？Are you（1） ______ in your English classes？You （2） ______ have many questions in your mind before school starts.
Well.I want to give you some good（3） ______ on these problems.
First，keep（4） ______ .Don't worry about all your problems.Don't stop learning，and you can find something interesting.
Second，finish your homework（5） ______ .Don't spend much time on it.Do more reading or writing in English.Think about your problems and（6） ______ them at once.
Third，copy（抄写） vocabularies less（7） ______ use them more.If you can（8） ______ the vocabularies in your own way，you can tell your teachers you don't like copying them again and again.I think your teachers will（9） ______ you and give you something else to do.
School is really a（10） ______ place for us to learn.Believe in your teachers and yourself.You can do everything well.
16. A. interested B. harmful C. crowded D. common
17. A. need B. might C. can D. would
18. A. practice B. choice C. advice D. service
19. A. noisy B. pale C. calm D. close
20. A. probably B. suddenly C. loudly D. quickly
21. A. solve B. taste C. follow D. feed
22. A. and B. but C. because D. so
23. A. remember B. cover C. forget D. reduce
24. A. keep clear of B. think of C. be careful with D. agree with
25. A. terrible B. bad C. broken D. good
三、补全对话-填空（本大题共1小题，共8.0分）
26. There are many ways of shopping.You can shop by smart phone or through your home computer，but for many people，the most exciting way to shop is also the most traditional -----at a street market. (1) Here are four of them.
There are many"floating markets"in Asia.Perhaps the most unusual is in Thailand，at a place called Damnoen Saduak.It's open from six in the morning to the noon every day. (2)
Many Belgians （比利时人） say that the Grand Place is the most beautiful square in the world. (3) It's open every day except Monday.On Monday，instead of flowers，there's a wonderful bird market!
One of the world's most famous markets is in Mexico City -----the Sonora Market.You can buy toys，birds，herbs and medicine.There are all kinds of things.
In England，every weekend，thousands of young people from all over London travel to the Camden Market. (4) Many people also go there for fun.
A.You can go to the markets anytime.
B.You can find markets anywhere in the world.
C.It is the home of a colourful flower market.
D.People sell fresh fruit from their boats.
E.It's the place to go for street fashion，CDs and so on.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
四、阅读理解（本大题共16小题，共29.0分）
A
Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.
Leonardo da Vinci （1452—1519）was an Italian painter ，inventor，musician，engineer and scientist.Da Vinci was born in the countryside.From an early age，he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.As he grew older，he learnt to do many different things.His paintings are very famous.And one，the MONA LISA，is perhaps the most famous painting in the world.He also had many inventions.For example，his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. （See Art）
Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.They lived everywhere on earth.Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.Others were as big as ten elephants.Some could even fly.
Many dinosaurs ate plants.However，some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years.Then，suddenly，they all died out.Nobody knows why.However，we can learn about them from their fossils.（See Earth History）
27. Leonardo da Vinci was from ______ .
A. England B. American C. Italy D. Italian
28. Which picture is not painted by Leonardo da Vinci？ ______
A. B.
C. D.
29. How can we find more about dinosaurs？ ______
A. By seeing Art B. By seeing Festival
C. By seeing Sports D. By seeing Earth history
30. Which of the following statements is true？ ______
A. Leonardo da Vinci was famous for his paintings and books.
B. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 thousand years before human beings.
C. Some dinosaurs died out suddenly.
D. Leonardo da Vinci showed great artistic ability from an early age.
B
How can you do calculations （计算） quickly？These days，you can easily use a calculator.
But how about people in ancient times？In the very beginning，the cleverest among them thought of using stones and seashells.Then，around the 2nd century B.C. ，they invented the abacus.Some researchers consider the invention to be the world's oldest "calculator".In China，people used abacuses to do calculations for thousands of years.
The abacus is usually made of wood.It has many beads （珠子）.Each rod （竿）stands for a different digit （数位）.The rightmost is ones，the second is tens，the third is hundreds，and so on.Each bead in the central area has a value.
In the past，the use of the abacus was taught in all schools.It was considered to be an important skill that everybody needed to pick up.Wherever there was a need for calculations，an abacus would come into sight.
Today，abacuses are no longer widely used.Perhaps you have never seen one.However，we can still feel the important roles they once played.Abacuses have become a symbol.Because they used to be a must - have for business people，some have come to believe that abacuses can help their owners gather wealth.
31. According to the passage，what are the world's earliest "calculators"？ ______
A. Stones. B. Seashells. C. Abacuses. D. Beads.
32. Which number does the picture in the passage stand for？ ______
A. 3781. B. 1873. C. 1433. D. 5423.
33. By writing this passage，the author mainly wanted to ______ .
A. introduce the abacus to people
B. teach people how to use the abacus
C. try to make the abacus popular again
D. explore why the abacus is no longer popular
C
Do you want to have a birthday party 140 kilometers above the ground，or have a dance weightless （失重地） with your friends？Just wait for a few years.
A new business space company in China started to develop a kind of new spaceship in 2017.It expects to start providing space journeys （旅行） for people with enough money about ten years later.
Han Qingping，the president of China Rocket Corporation，said the company would develop a kind of spaceship that can take three to five travelers. It can reach a height of 80km above the ground.The height is right in the top part of the mesosphere （中间层），higher than planes and balloons can travel，but just below the height where satellites （卫星） fly.There travelers will have a new way to watch the mother planet and they can experience weightlessness as well.
Tang Yagang，a head of CALT's space activity department （部门），said China Rocket Corporation will offer four types （类型） of rockets to the market.They can meet different humans' activities.Now scientists are working hard to make it true and it is certainly that people's life will be more colorful in the future.
34. When may be the earliest time for people to go on space journeys？ ______
A. In 2017. B. In 2027. C. In 2030. D. In 2040.
35. The underlined word "it" in the passage means ______ .
A. the company B. a plane
C. a kind of spaceship D. a satellite
36. The kind of new spaceship can take ______ people at most into space.
A. three B. four C. five D. six
37. Which of the following is true according to the passage？ ______
A. People can have birthday parties 140 meters above the ground in the future.
B. The spaceship made by the space company can get to 80km above the ground.
C. China Rocket Corporation will develop four spaceships in the future.
D. Planes and balloons may fly higher than satellites in the future.
38. The passage is mainly about ______ .
A. having a birthday party in space B. a journey on the mother planet
C. the top part of the mesosphere D. space journeys in the future
D
More than twenty-nine thousand foreign exchange students went to American high schools last year.They came from one hundred and nine countries.Foreign exchange students can learn more about a culture and its people.They make new friends and experience new places.But they can also experience problems.
In the past，exchange students knew little about their host families before meeting them.
But today，exchange students may know a lot about their host family before they leave home.E- mails and cell phones make it easier for the students to keep in touch with their host family and their own family.Students can also get along well with their host family and live on their own.However，new students may feel lost at first in a huge building when they move from class to class.Changing classrooms may also be a new experience for exchange students.In their own countries，teachers move from room to room，not the students.
To become an exchange student at an American high school，students must be between the ages of 15 and 18.And they must agree to accept the rules of the exchange program （项目） and their host families.Host families do not get paid，but they get a fifty dollar tax deduction （课税减免） for each month when the student lives in their home.Many exchange students say the experience taught them a lot about the world and about themselves .
39. Which is one of the difficulties for exchange students in the USA？ ______
A. Getting along with their host family.
B. Living on their own.
C. Finding classrooms on campus（校园）.
D. Keeping in touch with their families.
40. Today，exchange students may know ______ about their host family before they leave home.
A. nothing B. much C. a little D. everything
41. If you are ______ years old，you can be an exchange student at an American high school.
A. 13 B. 19 C. 17 D. 20
42. Host families get ______ paid.
A. no B. a fifty dollar
C. A one hundred and nine D. An eighteen dollar
五、任务型阅读-多任务混合（本大题共4小题，共31.0分）
43. Henry and Paula write for the school newspaper.They have written the short articles to help students improve their memory.
Rosie Bridge School 27 March
Memory Comer
Henry
A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind.If you make the picture big，strange or silly，you will remember it better.For example，to remember the word "smiles"，we can imagine there is a "mile" between the first letter and the last letter.This makes it the longest word in the world.Remember：a picture is worth a thousand words.
Paula
A good method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make a short sentence with each letter of the word.For example，if you want to remember how to spell the word "because"，you can use the sentence "Big elephants can always understand small elephants.
(1) What did Henry and Paula write the articles for？ ______
（2）When were the articles published（出版）？ ______
(2) Who thinks imagining a picture in one's mind can help them remember it well？ ______
(3) Why did Paula use a sentence "Big elephants can always understand small elephant？ ______
44. 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。
Many inventions were created by accident.The inventors were trying to make something completely different.Here is one example.
Name of the inventor：Percy LeBaron Spencer
Nationality：American
Invention：The microwave
Year：1945
How he invented it：
.He was working on a machine to produce powerful radio waves（无线电波）.
While standing next to the new machine，he noticed that a bar of chocolate in his pocket became soft.
He realized that the machine was able to cook things.
.The first microwave weighed around 350 kilograms and was as big as a fridge.
(1) Where does Percy LeBaron Spencer come from？
______
(2) When was the microwave invented？
______
(3) What was the microwave used for？
______
(4) Was the first microwave small or big？
______
45. A group of British students from Wood park School in London are visiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing （A）_________an educational exchange.
"I was very nervous at first，"says Sarah."However，my host family are really friendly.I am glad to be a guest in their home.I've learnt to use chopsticks，and they're teaching me a little Chinese!"
The students spend the weekday s studying with Chinese students.At the weekend；they tour around Beijing and visit places of interest with their host families.
"It's been a fantastic experience so far，" says Eric."（B） I've learnt a bit of tai chi，and I really enjoy it. We've already learnt（C） a lot about Chinese culture and history.The teachers have introduced us （D）_________Chinese painting as well.We've also tried to paint some pictures ourselves!I haven't had much success yet，but I'll keep trying."
"（E ）我已经交了许多新朋友， "says Sara."I plan to keep in touch with them when I（F） go back home.We'll see one another soon because they'll come over to the UK for the second part of the exchange next month.I can't wait!"
(1) 在文中（A）和（D）的空白处填入适当的单词： ______ ； ______
(2) 将文中画线部分（B）改写为：I've learnt ______ tai chi，and I really enjoy it.
(3) 写出文中画线部分（C）和（ F）的同义词或近义词： ______ ： ______
(4) 将文中画线部分（E）译成英语： ______
(5) 从文中找出两个城市的名称： ______ ， ______
46. Great inventions change the world.They help people live a better life.The following are（A） _____of the most important inventions in history.
The wheel
（B）The wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history.After its invention，travelling became faster and more comfortable.A few thousand years ago，people started to use wheels on carriages.In the early 19th century，the first trains （C）started to carry passengers.At the start of the 20th century， （D）车盛行起来.Without the wheel，we would not have these inventions.
The telephone
Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876.Since then，people have been able to speak（E） _____each other over long distances.Today millions of people across the world own mobile phones.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime，anywhere.
The light bulb
Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879.Before the invention of the light bulb，people had to use oil lamps，gas lamps or candles to see at night.With light bulbs，people （F）are able to do many things in the evenings.Can you imagine living without them？
(1) 在文中（A）和（E）的空白处分别填入适当的单词。 ______ ______
(2) 将文中划线部分（B）改写为：The wheel is perhaps ______ the other inventions in history.
(3) 写出文中划线部分（C）和（F）的同义词或近义词。 ______ ______
(4) 将文中划线部分（D）译成英语。 ______
(5) 从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的中心词。 ______
六、阅读填空（本大题共1小题，共7.0分）
47. Odysseus （奥德修斯）was a hero in the Trojan War.He helped the Greek army enter the city of Troy by
(1) （ play） a trick.
Odysseus and his wife Penelope lived (2) （ happy） on an island of Greece.After the Trojans took Queen Helen and (3) （ steal） a lot of gold from Greece，the king was very angry.He ordered Odysseus (4) （lead） the army to attack Troy and punish the Trojans.
However，Odysseus didn't come back after the Trojan War.Many people believed that he had died，and Penelope's home was full of men who wanted to marry her.But she kept (5) （wait） for Odysseus' return.Odysseus and his men got lost at sea on (6) （ they） way back home.All of them died except Odysseus.However，the huge waves did not kill Odysseus' hope.He never stopped fighting to get home.
In the end，Odysseus' strong will （意志）moved （打动）the gods.With the (7) （gods） help，he finally got home after twenty years.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
答案和解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】look up查阅，动副词短语，人称代词宾格放在中间；see看见；look at看，动介词短语；look for寻找，动介词短语。根据语境，可知让对方帮助查单词。
故选：A。
我不知道这个单词。请你帮我在词典里查一下好吗？
辨析动词短语或动词的含义，结合语境，给出答案。
2.【答案】B
【解析】experience经验；surface表面；balance平衡；color颜色，都是名词。根据后句句意"它一定是用优质木材做的"可知，前句句意为"桌子的表面摸起来很光滑"，要填"表面"，其它选项语意不通。
故选：B。
桌子的表面摸起来很光滑，它一定是用优质木材做的。
考查名词词义辨析，要牢记名词的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。
3.【答案】D
【解析】A.让某人做某事；B.告诉；C.给某人提供某物；D.挑战某人。根据题干，可知是指一天，国王向一位聪明的老人挑战。
故选：D。
一天，国王向一位聪明的老人挑战。
熟悉动词短语的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
4.【答案】A
【解析】A当......时；B在......之后；C因为；D尽管。分析句式，题干是一个复合句；根据语境，主句动作rang发生时，从句动作was cooking正在进行，这里指主从句动作是同时发生的，设空处意为"当……时"，应用while引导此时间状语从句。
故选A。
当格林小姐正在厨房做饭时，电话铃响了。
熟悉从属连词的基本用法，结合题意，给出答案。
5.【答案】C
【解析】finally最后；actually实际上；especially尤其；simply简单地。根据"我喜欢这个城市的一切，......它的天气——既不太热也不太冷。"可知，应该是"尤其"。
故选：C。
我喜欢这个城市的一切，尤其是它的天气——既不太热也不太冷。
要结合语境，辨析副词用法，选择合适答案完成试题。
6.【答案】C
【解析】between在……之间（两者）；during在……期间；among在……之间（三者及以上）；against反对。根据"Reading is getting more popular...young Chinese."可知阅读在中国年轻人之间很受欢迎，表示三者以上之间用among。
故选：C。
阅读在中国年轻人中越来越受欢迎。
掌握介词的意思和用法，分析选项，结合语境选择正确答案。
7.【答案】B
【解析】句意：到目前为止，我们已经学习了6000个英语单词。are studying正在学习；现在进行时；have studied已经学习，现在完成时；studied学习，过去式；study学习，原形。根据So far可知，此处用现在完成时，其结构是have done的形式。故选B。
8.【答案】D
【解析】根据题干，可知考查stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事。
故选：D。
警察经常阻止孩子们在街上玩耍。
熟悉动词固定搭配的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
9.【答案】A
【解析】根据选项可知，此处为数词+名词（单数）+形容词构成复合形容词，并用连字符连接，即用20-metre-high表示"20米高的"，修饰名词building。
故选：A。
这是一座20米高的建筑。
本题考查复合形容词的用法，要注意分析选项，并结合语境答题。
10.【答案】C
【解析】考查情境交际。A放松；B快点；C来吧；D没关系。根据The doctor says you need more exercise.Let's walk there.（医生说你需要更多的锻炼。让我们走路去那。）可知要走路去那，C符合情境。
故选：C。
——我们应该坐公交车去电影院还是坐出租车去？
——来吧，安迪。医生说你需要更多的锻炼。让我们走路去那。
考查情境对话，在日常学习时多积累日常交际用语。做题时要先了解各选项的意思，对其用法做到心里有数，再根据具体的语境来选择正确答案。
11.【答案】C
【解析】the number of..."……的数目"；a number of..."许多，大量"，第一空是"他班上有许多外国学生"，此处是a number of；第二空是"学生人数是52人"可知，此处是the number of。
故选：C。
他班上有许多外国学生。学生人数是52人。
要抓出关键词结合句意选择合适的一项。
12.【答案】D
【解析】be short of缺少；be interested in对……感兴趣；be excited about对……感到兴奋；be unaware of对……没有意识到。根据"the danger of playing with fire"可知，此处是"小男孩没有意识到玩火的危险"。
故选：D。
小男孩没有意识到玩火的危险。
考查形容词短语的辨析。要抓出关键词结合句意选择合适的一项。
13.【答案】A
【解析】everything一切；something某物；anything任何东西；第一空是"你考试一切准备好了吗"可知，此处是everything；第二空是"还没有。我还有一些事要做"，此处用something。
故选：A。
--你考试一切准备好了吗？
--还没有。我还有一些事要做。
要抓出关键词结合句意选择合适的一项。
14.【答案】B
【解析】other泛指"其他的，另外的"，泛指剩余的另一些，并非全部；another再一个；另一个（泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个）；the other特指两者中另外一个；the others相当于the other+名词。根据句意：河的对岸有一座小寺庙。可知河有两边，用the other。
故选：B。
河的对岸有一座小寺庙。
熟悉other/the other/others/another的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
15.【答案】D
【解析】考查副词比较级。cry表示"哭"，是动词，应用副词hard修饰，表示"猛烈地"，其比较级为harder，根据观察可知题干使用了"比较级+and+比较级"的结构，意思是"越来越"，因此正确答案是harder and harder，表示"越来越厉害"。
故选：D。
最后，他开始哭得越来越厉害。
本题主要考查"比较级+and+比较级"的结构的用法。
16~25.【答案】A、B、C、C、D、A、B、A、D、D
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：你对你的英语课感兴趣吗？interested感兴趣的；harmful有害的；crowded拥挤的；common普通的。根据语境可知，是对英语课感兴趣，be interested in"对……感兴趣"，固定短语。故选A。
（2）考查情态动词。句意：开学前，你可能会有很多问题。need需要；might（表示可能、不确定等）可能，也许；can能，会；would将会。此句表示一种不确定的推测，应用might。故选B。
（3）考查名词。句意：我想就这些问题给你一些好的建议。practice 练习，实践；choice选择；advice 建议，忠告；service服务。根据下文First，keep calm.（首先，保持冷静。）Second，finish your homework.（第二，完成作业。）Third，copy（抄写） vocabularies less（7）use them more.（第三，少抄词汇，多用词汇。）可知，给的是建议。故选C。
（4）考查形容词。句意：首先，保持冷静。noisy 嘈杂的；pale苍白的；calm平静，镇静，沉着；close亲密的，接近。根据下文"Don't worry about all your problems."（不要担心你所有的问题。）可知，要镇静，不要焦虑。故选C。
（5）考查副词。句意：第二，快速完成作业。probably可能，大概；suddenly突然；loudly大声地；quickly迅速地。根据下文"Don't spend much time on it."（不要在这上面花太多时间。）可知，是快速完成作业。故选D。
（6）考查动词。句意：想想你的问题，马上解决。solve解决；taste品尝；follow遵循，听从，理解；feed喂养。them指代问题，可知用solve。故选A。
（7）考查连词。句意：第三，少抄词汇，多用词汇。and和；but但是；because因为；so所以。根据语境可知，此句是并列句，前后句意是转折关系，应用but。故选B。
（8）考查动词。句意：如果你能用自己的方式记住单词，你可以告诉你的老师你不喜欢一遍又一遍地抄写。remember记得，记住；cover覆盖；forget忘记；reduce减少。根据"you can tell your teachers you don't like copying them again and again"（你可以告诉你的老师你不喜欢一遍又一遍地抄袭他们）可知，是用自己的方式记住单词。故选A。
（9）考查短语。句意：我想你的老师会同意你的意见，给你一些其他的事情做。keep clear of 避开，不接触；think of考虑，想起；be careful with小心；agree with同意，与某人（某观点）一致。根据"give you something else to do"（给你点别的事做）可知，是老师同意你用自己的方式记住单词，不要反复地抄写单词。故选D。
（10）考查形容词。句意：学校真地是我们学习的好地方。terrible 可怕的，糟糕的；bad坏的；broken破碎的；good好。根据下文"Believe in your teachers and yourself.You can do everything well."（相信你的老师和你自己。你可以把每件事都做好。）可知，学校是我们学习的好地方。故选D。
本文主要是给学生们提供了一些应对学习中的问题的好建议，包括不要担心问题，持续学习，不要花太多时间在作业上，多读多写，少抄单词表，相信自己和老师。作者鼓励学生们在学校里好好学习，相信自己一定能做好。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
26.【答案】【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】C
【小题4】E
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据下文Here are four of them.（这里有四个。）可知在介绍市场。 B项"你可以在世界任何地方找到市场。"符合题意。故选B。
（2）根据上文 There are many"floating markets"in Asia.（亚洲有很多"浮动市场"。）可知说的是船上市场。D项"人们在船上卖新鲜水果。"符合题意。故选D。
（3）根据下文On Monday，instead of flowers，there's a wonderful bird market!（星期一，除了鲜花，还有一个美妙的鸟类市场！）可知说的是卖鲜花市场。C项"这里是色彩斑斓的花卉市场的所在地。"符合题意。故选C。
（4）根据上文In England，every weekend，thousands of young people from all over London travel to the Camden Market.（在英国，每个周末，成千上万来自伦敦各地的年轻人都会前往卡姆登市场。）可知说的是时尚去处。E项"这是街头时尚、CD等的去处。"符合题意。故选E。
本文主要给我们列举了几个闻名于世界的街道大市场。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
27~30.【答案】C、B、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Leonardo da Vinci （1452—1519）was an Italian painter ，inventor，musician，engineer and scientist.（莱昂纳多 达 芬奇（1452—1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。）可知他来自意大利。故选C。
（2）理解判断题。根据常识，B项是梵高的画作。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据（See Earth History）（（参见地球历史））可知想了解更多关于恐龙的信息可以看地球历史。故选D。
（4）理解判断题。根据From an early age，he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.（从很小的时候起，他就表现出很高的智力和艺术才能。）可知D项符合文意。故选D。
本文介绍了百科全书里的两篇文章：一是关于列奥纳多 达 芬奇，一是关于恐龙。
在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
31~33.【答案】C、B、A
【解析】本文主要介绍了世界上最早的计算器--算盘。
阅读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文，在原文中找出与题目对应的内容，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1.
（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Then，around the 2nd century B.C. ，they invented the abacus.Some researchers consider the invention to be the world's oldest "calculator".（然后，大约在公元前2世纪，他们发明了算盘。一些研究人员认为这项发明是世界上最古老的"计算器"。）可知算盘是最早的"计算器"。故选C。
2.
（2）细节推理题。根据图片可知上面的珠子一个代表5，下面的珠子一个代表1，再根据第三段The rightmost is ones，the second is tens，the third is hundreds，and so on.（最右边的是个位，第二个是十位，第三个是百位，以此类推。）可知图中代表的数字是1783。故选B。
3.
（3）目的意图题。根据第二段In China，people used abacuses to do calculations for thousands of years.（在中国，人们用算盘进行计算已有几千年的历史。）判断本文的目的是向人们介绍计算器。故选A。
34~38.【答案】B、C、C、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段A new business space company in China started to develop a kind of new spaceship in 2017.It expects to start providing space journeys （旅行） for people with enough money about ten years later.（2017年，中国一家新的商业航天公司开始研发一种新型宇宙飞船。该公司预计大约10年后开始为有足够资金的人提供太空旅行。）可知，人们进行太空旅行最早的时间是2027年。故选B。
（2）代词指代题。根据第三段the company would develop a kind of spaceship that can take three to five travelers.（该公司将开发一种可以搭载三到五名乘客的宇宙飞船。）可知，此处"it"指代上文的"a kind of spaceship"。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段Han Qingping，the president of China Rocket Corporation，said the company would develop a kind of spaceship that can take three to five travelers.（中国火箭公司总裁韩庆平说该公司将开发一种可以搭载三到五名乘客的宇宙飞船。）可知，这种新型宇宙飞船最多可以带5个人进入太空。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据第三段It can reach a height of 80km above the ground.（它可以达到距地面80公里的高度。）可知，航天公司制造的宇宙飞船可以到达离地80公里的高空。故选B。
（5）主旨大意题。根据第一段Do you want to have a birthday party 140 kilometers above the ground，or have a dance weightless （失重地） with your friends？Just wait for a few years.（你是想在140公里的高空举办生日派对，还是想和朋友们跳一场失重的舞蹈？再等几年。）以及全文信息可知，本文主要是关于未来的太空旅行，因此本文的主旨大意是D项"未来的太空旅行"。故选D。
本文介绍了中国一家新的商业航天公司正在研发一种新型太空飞船，预计在十年后为有足够资金的人提供太空旅行。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
39~42.【答案】C、B、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据However，new students may feel lost at first in a huge building when they move from class to class.Changing classrooms may also be a new experience for exchange students.（然而，当新生们从一个班级搬到另一个班级时，他们可能会在一栋巨大的建筑里感到失落。换教室对交换学生来说可能也是一种新的体验。）可知美国交换生的困难之一是在校园里找教室。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据But today，exchange students may know a lot about their host family before they leave home.（但是今天，交换生在离开家之前可能会对寄宿家庭有很多了解。）可知现在，交换生在离开家之前可能会对寄宿家庭有很多了解。故选B。
（3）细节判断题。根据To become an exchange student at an American high school，students must be between the ages of 15 and 18.（要想成为美国高中的交换生，学生必须在15岁到18岁之间。）可推断出如果你17岁了，你可以成为美国高中的交换生。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据Host families do not get paid，but they get a fifty dollar tax deduction （课税减免） for each month when the student lives in their home.（寄宿家庭没有报酬，但当学生住在家中时，他们每个月可以获得50美元的税收减免。）可知寄宿家庭没有报酬。故选A。
文章主要讲述了外国交换生在美国的学习和生活中遇到的一些问题。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
43.【答案】【小题1】They have written the short articles to help students improve their memory.
【小题2】27 March.
【小题3】Henry.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据原文They have written the short articles to help students improve their memory.（他们写了一些短文来帮助学生提高记忆力。）可知他们写了一些短文来帮助学生提高记忆力。故填：They have written the short articles to help students improve their memory。
（2）细节理解题。根据原文Rosie Bridge School 27 March（罗西桥学校3月27日）可知是3月27日。故填：27 March。
（3）细节理解题。根据原文Henry的A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind.（帮助你记住某事的一个好方法是在脑海中想象它的画面。）可知亨利这样认为的。故填：Henry。
（4）细节理解题。根据原文A good method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make a short sentence with each letter of the word.（记住单词拼写的一个好方法是用单词的每个字母组成一个短句。）可知是为了记住单词。故填：To remenber the the spelling of words。
材料介绍了高效率记忆单词的方法。
做这类题，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项写出正确答案。
44.【答案】【小题1】America.
【小题2】In 1945.
【小题3】It was used for cooking things.
【小题4】Big.
【解析】细节理解题
（1）根据Nationality：American（国籍：美国）可知，Percy LeBaron Spencer来自美国。故答案为America.
（2）根据Invention：The microwave（发明：微波炉）Year：1945（年代：1945）可知，微波炉是在1945年发明的。故答案为In 1945.
（3）根据He realized that the machine was able to cook things.（他意识到这机器可以做饭。）可知，微波炉用来做饭。故答案为It was used for cooking things.
（4）根据The first microwave weighed around 350 kilograms and was as big as a fridge.（第一台微波炉重约350公斤，和冰箱一样大。）可知，第一台微波炉很大。故答案为Big.
文章介绍了微波炉的发明。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
45.【答案】【小题1】on
【小题2】to
【小题3】a little
【小题4】much
【小题5】return
【解析】（1）（A）考查介词。句意：来自伦敦伍德帕克学校的一群英国学生正在北京新华初中进行教育交流。on an educational exchange关于教育交流。故填：on。
（D）考查介词。句意：老师也让我们首次了解国画。introduce sb.to sth.使某人初次了解某物，固定短语。故填：to。
（2）考查同义句。根据I've learnt a bit of tai chi，and I really enjoy it. （我学会了一点太极，我真的喜欢它。）a bit of一点，修饰不可数名词，同义词为a little。故填：a little。
（3）（C）考查代词。句意：我已经了解了很多关于中国文化和历史的事。a lot很多，由于此处是指代"关于中国文化和历史的事"，是抽象概念，用much表示"很多"。故填：much。
（F）考查动词。句意：我计划回家后和他们保持联系。go back回到，其同义词为return，句子是一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填：return。
（4）英译汉题。根据题干可知，本句用现在完成时，结构为have（has）+过去分词；make friends交朋友，friend是可数名词，用many（很多）修饰，new新的；主语是I，助动词用have。故填：I have made many new friends.
（5）细节理解题。根据第一段A group of British students from Wood park School in London are visiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing on an educational exchange.（一群来自伦敦伍德帕克学校的英国学生正在北京的新华初中进行教育交流。）可知表示城市的单词有"伦敦"和"北京"。故填：London；Beijing。
本文主要讲述了一群英国学生在北京做交换生时的感受和经历。
这是个综合型阅读题，题目中有英汉互译题、也有问答题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力。答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案；英汉互译题需要根据句意及汉英语言各自的语法习惯来翻译。
46.【答案】【小题1】three
【小题2】to
【小题3】greater than
【小题4】began
【小题5】can
【解析】（1）（A）考查数词。句意：以下是历史上三项重要的发明。根据下文的小标题The wheel（轮胎）、The telephone（电话）和The light bulb（灯泡），可知是三项发明。（E）考查介词。句意：从那时起，人们就可以远距离交谈了。根据题干，此处用固定短语speak to sb.（和某人说话）。故填：three；to。
（2）考查比较级。句意：轮胎可能比历史上其它发明更伟大。原文（B）划线句子的意思是"轮胎可能是历史上最伟大的发明"，可知它比历史上其它发明都更加重要，应该把最高级改为比较级。故填：greater than。
（3）（C）考查动词。句意：19世纪初，第一列火车开始载客。started开始，其同义词为began。（F）考查情态动词。句意：有了灯泡，人们能在晚上做很多事情。are able to能够，一般现在时，其同义词为can。故填：began；can。
（4）汉译英题。根据题干，本题用主系表结构，时间状语为At the start of the 20th century（在20世纪初），时态用一般过去时，主语用复数名词cars，表示种类，系动词became（变得），表语popular（盛行）。故填：cars became popular。
（5）主旨大意题。根据第一段Great inventions change the world（伟大的发明改变了世界），可知本文主要介绍几项伟大的发明，说明本文主旨大意的中心词是inventions（发明）。故填：inventions。
短文介绍了几项重要的发明——轮胎、电话和灯泡。
这是个综合型阅读题，题目中有英汉互译题、也有问答题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力。答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案；英汉互译题需要根据句意及汉英语言各自的语法习惯来翻译。
47.【答案】【小题1】playing
【小题2】happily
【小题3】stole
【小题4】led
【小题5】waiting
【小题6】their
【解析】（1）考查动名词。句意：他用一个小把戏帮助Greek军队进入了Troy城。空格前面的词语是介词，所以要用动名词来填空。故答案为：playing。
（2）考查副词。句意：Odysseus和Penelope生活的很快乐。副词修饰动词。故答案为：happily。
（3）考查动词。句意：在Trojans占领了Queen Helen之后，他们从Greece偷了许多金子。主体时态是一般过去时。故答案为：stole。
（4）考查动词。句意：国王Odysseus命令进攻Troy。主体时态是一般过去时。故答案为：led。
（5）考查动名词。句意：但是她还是一直等着Odysseus回来。keep doing固定短语，一直做某事。故答案为：waiting。
（6）考查代词。句意：Odysseus和他的人在回家的路上在海上迷路了。空格后面的词语是名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词来填空。故答案为：their。
（7）考查名词所有格。句意：在神的帮助下，在20年最终回到了家乡。空格后面的词语是，所以要用名词所有格来填空。故答案为：gods's。
本文主要介绍了Odysseus进攻Troy的故事。
首先要通读短文，掌握大意，特别要注意上下文之间的联系，确定某处的需要的词汇和形式，就可以确定正确答案。
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