2024届高考英语简单句的五种基本句型课件(共22张PPT)

(共22张PPT)
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简单句的五种基本句型
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一个句子只能有一个谓语动词
简单句的五种基本句型
课中学习
1. 一个句子只能有一个谓语动词
I am very handsome, I have many girlfriends.
出现两个动词怎么办？
1. 请杀手
2. 变非谓语
课中学习
一个连词可以“杀”掉一个动词。
I am very handsome, so I have many girlfriends.
I am very handsome, and I have many girlfriends.
Because I am very handsome, I have many girlfriends.
课中学习
把句子升级一下，变得“高级”起来。
I am very handsome, I have many girlfriends. √
Being
I am very handsome, I have many girlfriends. √
having
课中学习
英语五种基本句型结构如下：
主语 谓语
vi.
vt.
link.v
宾语
宾语（间） 宾语（直）
宾语 宾语补足语
表语
1
3
4
5
2
英语句子的主要成分：
主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
此外，还有
表语，同位语。
课中学习
1.I am a student.
2.Everyone laughed.
3.I want a return ticket.
4.Mary lent me her car.
5.We call her Alice.
同桌讨论：请尝试着划分以下句子的句子成分。
思考：上述五个句子分别构成了英语简单句的五大基本句子结构，那么这五
大基本句子结构分别是什么？这些句子有什么样的特征？
课中学习
1.I am a student.
主 + 系 + 表
2.Everyone laughed.
主 + 谓
3.I want a return ticket.
主 + 谓 + 宾
4.Mary lent me her car.
主 + 谓 + 间宾+ 直宾
5.We call her Alice.
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
这些都是简单句。
课中学习
1. He cried.
2. The bus stopped.
3. Tom left.
4. The poor man died.
1. 主+谓
总结：“主谓结构”句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，不带宾语。
e
课中学习
1. She likes English.
2. They are playing football.
3. He has cleaned the windows.
2. 句子结构：主+谓+宾(S.+V.+O.)
这类句子的谓语动词后面有了动作的承受者，这个承受者就是句子的宾语。
注意：构成时态语态的助动词be, have, do也属于谓语的一部分。
e
课中学习
思考：请问间接宾语和直接宾语有什么区别？
如果意思不变，这三个句子还可以写成什么呢？
（1）He gave me a book.
（2）David showed me the way.
（3）He made her a dress.
3. 句子结构：主+谓+间宾+直宾(S.+V.+o.+O.)
e
课中学习
to侧重动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。诸如此类的词还有bring/give/lend/offer/pass/promise/return/send/show/teach/tell/write/ask...
for侧重动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。诸如此类的词还有：buy/call/make/get...
（1）He gave a book to me.
（2）David showed the way to me.
（3）He made a dress for her.
e
课中学习
思考：宾语和宾语补足语的关系
（1）He asked me to lend him some money.
（2）Our teacher encourages us to work hard.
（3）I heard someone calling for help.
（4）The guards ordered us to leave at once.
4. 句子结构：主+谓+宾+宾补(S.+V.+O.+C.)
e
课中学习
I want him to come at once.
He made the boy cry again.
The teacher found him cheating in the exam.
Don't leave the door open at night.
We made him our monitor.
He lent me some money.
课堂小练：判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。
e
课中学习
I want him to come at once. ( T )
He made the boy cry again. ( T )
The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( T )
Don't leave the door open at night. ( T )
We made him our monitor. ( T )
He lent me some money. ( F )
课堂小练：答案
课中学习
5. 主+系+表（S.+L.+P.）
主语 +系动词
am
is
are
was
were
+
表语
1. He is in the classroom. （介词短语作表语）
2. The girl is pretty. （形容词作表语）
3. My brother is sixteen. (数词作表语）
4. His father is a teacher. （名词作表语）
课中学习
注意：进行时和被动语态中的be是助动词，不是系动词。
（1）He is writing.
（be是助动词，构成现在进行时）
（2）The classroom is cleaned every day.
（助动词，构成被动语态）
课中学习
1）描述稳定状态（be动词）
eg. He is a teacher.
2）描述持续状态 keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
eg. He always kept silent at meeting.
3）表像系动词 （看起来像） seem, appear, look,
eg. He looks tired.
4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste
eg. This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5）变化系动词 (主语变成某种状态） become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come.
eg. He became mad after that.
The leaves were turning yellow.
6）终止系动词 prove, turn out
eg. The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.
系动词分类：
e
课中学习
（1）They work hard.
（2）The flower is dead.
（3）He gives me some money.
（4）We should keep the plants in the shade.
（5）He kept me a textbook.
（6）Singing makes me happy.
（7）He is a scientist.
（8）We find the book very interesting.
Exercises:
e
课中学习
Exercises:
（1）They work hard. 主+谓
（2）The flower is dead. 主+系+表
（3）He gives me some money. 主+谓+间宾+直宾
（4）We should keep the plants in the shade. 主+谓+宾+宾补
（5）He kept me a textbook. 主+谓+间宾+直宾
（6）Singing makes me happy. 主+谓+宾+宾补
（7）He is a scientist. 主+系+表
（8）We find the book very interesting. 主+谓+宾+宾补
（9）He hates being laughed at. 主+谓+宾
（10）I know who will be our English teacher. 主+谓+宾
e
课中学习
（1）我的爸爸给我买了本故事书。
（2）我想让他成为一名医生
（3）我们都看到他在那里哭
（4） 在将来我们将会有一个幸福的生活
（5）我是驻马店高级中学的一名学生。
Translate:
e
课中学习
Translate:
My father bought me a story book./ My father bought a story book for me.
I want him to be a doctor.
We all saw him crying there.
We will have a happy life in the future.
I am a student in Zhu Madian Senior High School.