Unit 1 You must be careful of falling stones
Class Type
Listening and speaking
Objectives
To understand conversation of talking about rules and giving suggestions
To learn some new words, phrases and prepositions
To revise the use of modal verbs
To learn some everyday English
Key structure
keep to (the path)
got lost
lead the way
feel tired
I’m starving!
I think that’s all.
Difficulties
To understand conversations of talking about rules and giving suggestions.
Vocabulary
rule, suggestion, rope, stream, clear, starving
keep to, lead the way
Period
1
Procedure
Lead-in
Talk about traveling
Step 1
Talk about one of your trips and give some suggestions to travel there.
Step 2
Ask Ss to give suggestions to people when go walking in the mountains
Step 3
Ask Ss to listen and answer the questions.
Step 4
Listen again and then complete the blanks.
Step 5
Read the conversation and choose the best answer.
Step 6
Read again and do true or false.
Step 7
Make notes about Mr. Jackson’s rules and suggestions.
Step 8
Work in pairs. Try to retell these rules and suggestions.
Step 9
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.
Step 10
Read Everyday English and learn.
Step 11
Before listening to Pronunciation and Speaking, Read and predict how the speaker is likely to link the words. Listen again and repeat.
Step 12
Think of a trip you’re going to make.
Step 14
Language points: explain the key words and phrases in Unit 1.
课件63张PPT。Unit 1 You must be careful of falling stones. Module 4Do you like traveling? Do you want to visit these places?
2. Why do you want to travel?DiscussionTalk about one of your trips and give some suggestions to travel there.the Great WallWhat suggestions can you give to people when travelling there?Beihai ParkWhat suggestions can you give to people when travelling there?Huangshan MountainWhat suggestions can you give to people when travelling there?Xiangshan ParkWhat suggestions can you give to people when travelling there?Huangguoshu
WaterfallWhat suggestions can you give to people when travelling there? What suggestions can you give to people when walking in the mountains?1. The visitors should wear a hat.
2. Don’t walk along the edge.
3. They’d better take some food and water.
4. They should wear comfortable shoes.
…① When is Betty leaving for the trip?
②What is Mr. Jackson going to tell the students?Betty is leaving tomorrow morning.Mr. Jackson is going to tell them about personal safety.Listen and answer the questions. ③ What does Betty’s mum suggest Betty should not do?
④ Does Betty think the trip will be dangerous?Betty’s mum suggests she should not drink the water from a stream or walk too close to the sides of the hill path.No, she doesn’t. She thinks there is nothing to worry about.Have you ever been on a walking trip? Discuss what people should prepare for a walking trip.Please listen to the conversation as clearly as you can, and then complete the blanks. 1.Before they set off, there are a few
_____________________.
2.Who will lead the way?____________.rules and suggestionsMr. Jackson1. Mr. Jackson gives a lot of rules and
suggestions, so he probably ______.
is happy about walking in the hills
b) has never been to the hills
c) has a lot of experience of walking in the hillscRead the conversation and choose the best answer. 2. The children might hurt themselves if they __________.
a) walk along the edge of the hill path
b) wear proper clothes
c) drink all the water before lunch 3. Before they have lunch, they __________.
have to get up to the top
b) can have something to eat
c) can go rock climbing aaRead again and do true or false.1. It is probably to hurt yourselves if you walk along the edge of the hill path.
2. You can go alone sometimes if you like.
3. Whenever you need, you can eat food to keep energy.
4. You have to save some water for the remained path.
5. Before they get up to the top, they should cross a stream.TFFTTkeep togetheralways wear proper clotheswalk too close to the edge of the hill pathgo off on your ownMake notes about Mr. Jackson’s rules and suggestions.have something to eat nowgo rock climbingdrink all your water in one go.be careful of falling stonesWork in pairs. Try to retell these rules and suggestions to your partner.________ you walk in the hills, you must wear strong shoes and _________ socks. The walk may be fairly __________ at the start because the path is __________ , but later it may get difficult. You should also be careful of __________ falling from above.Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.smooth stone straight thick wheneverWheneverthicksmooth straight stonesPlease pay attention for a moment!
I’m starving!Everyday EnglishRead and make a dialogue with each one. 1) Please pay attention for a moment! I'll tell you what happened to your car.
2) A: Mom, I'm starving!
B: Here are some biscuits. Why are you back so early today?? 连读是什么?
连读就是前一个单词的尾音，与后一个单词的首音，紧密连接在一起而形成的读音。连读时的音节一般不重读，只需一带而过即可。主要分为以下几种形式：
1.相邻的两个词，前者以辅音音素结尾，后者以元音音素开头，这样需要连读。如:
read it /ri:dit/, check it out2.相邻的两个词，前者以r或re结尾，而后者以元音音素开头，则r或re发/r/，并与后面的单词产生连读。如:
a pair of shoes here and there。
3.相邻的两个词，前者以辅音音素结尾，而后者则是半元音，特别是/j/开头，这样需要连读。如:
Thank you Would you …4.相邻的两个词，前者以元音音素结尾，后者也以元音音素开头，这样需要连读。如:
too easy
5.当英语中的6个爆破音(/p/ /b/ /d/ /t/ /g/ /k/)中的任何两个相邻时要连读，前者发不完全爆破音，而后者则需要完全爆破。如：
ho(t)day, chea(p) book1. He is a student.
(is与a要连读)
2. That is a right answer.
(That与is, is和a, right和answer都可以连读)
3. I'll be back in half an hour.
(back和in, half和an, an与hour都可以连读)
4. He has a bad cold today.
He has a ba(d) col(d) today.Read the three sentences one by one. Whenever you go walking in the hills, you should always wear proper clothes. Now, you mustn’t walk too close to the edge of the hill path because you might fall and
hurt yourselves.
Now listen and check.Read and predict how the speaker is likely to link the words.Pronunciation and speakingThink of a trip you’re going to make.
A trip to: Make a list of rules and suggestions there.
You mustn’t go swimming immediately after lunch.
…the beach the mountains
the countryside the theatre You mustn’t go swimming immediately after lunch. Yes, and you mustn’t go swimming on you own. You must always go with someone.Work with another pair. Find out what rules and suggestions they have made in their list.Welcome to Hainan!Welcome to Jiuzhai!Welcome to Dongying!Work in groups. You may choose one place of interest and write some advice for visitors to China. (at least five pieces of advice) (One student writes and the other student tells him or her some suggestions.) Welcome to … … is in … It is a … And there are many beautiful place of interest. For example … They …
But there are some danger … You must / can’t / need / can /should … Wish you have a good time.ModelWelcome to Hainan!Welcome to Dongying!Welcome to Jiuzhai!提示词：湿地（wetland)，自然资源(nature resource)，对虾(prawns)，自然保护区(nature resource protection areas)，生态系统(ecological system)，提示词：Bird net 鸟巢， water cube 水立方, the Summer Place 颐和园，紫禁城 the Forbidden City瀑布wall fall，人间仙境fairyland in human, 天然景色scenery, 海拔height人文景观human landscape,海岸线coast line，椰子树coconut tree。Language points attention n. 注意
You should focus your attention on your work.
你应该把注意力放到工作上。
She gave her aging parents much attention.
她悉心照料年迈的双亲。1. Ok, please pay attention for a moment! pay attention 注意； 集中注意力
Pay attention?when I'm talking to you!
我跟你说话的时候，你要留心听！
pay attention to 注意…； 留意…
I hope you will?pay attention to?this problem.
希望你对此给予关注。
这里的to是介词, 后面只能接名词、代词或动名词。(2007泰州市) Students should pay attention to ________ the teacher in class.
A. hear B. listen to
C. listening to D. hearing of
(2012年荆州市中考) After that, her teacher ___________________ (更多地关注) her. (pay)Cpaid more attention to The chemistry teacher required the students ______ more attention ______ the lab clean.
A. to pay, to keep
B. to paying, to keeping
C. to pay, to keeping
D. paying, keepingC一般来说，要表达引起某人对某事
的注意时，用call / draw / attract
one’s attention to.
He wants to call her attention to the
matter.
他想要把她的注意力吸引到这件事
情上。知识拓展notice与 pay attention to 的区别
notice 意为“注意到, 觉察到”，强调所看到的对象，常指对身边的事物或人无意识地注意到，这种注意没有预先目的，不在意料之中。
Did you notice anything unusual?
你注意到有什么异常的事吗？
pay attention to 强调有意识地去“注意”, 带有主观性和目的性。知识链接2. Before we set off, there are …
set off = set out 出发、动身
后面跟介词for短语, 也可接不定式, 表示 “动身去某地” 。
The next day Holmes set off / out for the place where the lady lived.
They set out / off to look for the lost child.
也可表示 “打算、准备 (做某事)” , 后面常接不定式。
He set out / off to break the world record. 【2012浙江湖州】19. We have to ______ our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain. A. take off B. get off
C put off D. set off
【2013湖北荆州】24. — When are you going to?_______ for Shanghai? ?— Tomorrow morning.?? A. get off???? B. turn off???
C. take off??? D. set off CDset?up????建立;?树立;?创立?
set?aside???留出;? 拨出;? 拒绝;? 驳回;? 不理会
set?down???记下;? 写下;? 放下?
set?in????嵌入;? 开始
set?about????开始;? 着手
set free 释放知识拓展 whenever引导时间状语从句，表示“每当”“一……就”， whenever 可以用 every time 来代替。与when用法相似，但语气更强。
The roof leaks whenever it rains.
这屋顶一下雨就漏。
I go to the theatre whenever I get the chance.
一有机会我就去看戏。3. Whenever you go walking in the hills … (2014 成都中考) ________ I am in trouble, my classmates will help me out.
A. Before
B. Whenever
C. Although
Kate's dad is getting old. She will go back home to see him ________ it is convenient.
A. because B. whenever
C. although D. unlessBC hurt oneself 伤害自己
help oneself to 随便吃…
teach oneself 自学 = learn …by oneself
Please __________________ some fish and meat, boys and girls.
Be careful, or the knife will hurt _________.
Teach yourself to speak slowly but think quickly.help yourselves toyourself4. … because you might fall and hurt yourselves.5. And you have to keep together so you
don’t get lost. get lost 走失；迷路
I'm afraid I haven't got a very good sense of
directions, so I easily get lost.
恐怕我的方位感很差，因此我容易迷路。
类似词组：
get stuck 陷进 get dressed 穿衣服
get married 结婚 get used to 习惯于…When I went home yesterday, it was ______ dark.
A. going B. getting
C. running D. coming6. You mustn’t go off on your own. go off 离开
The headache went off quite suddenly.
头疼突然消失了。
go off还有“爆炸；响起；变质；熄灭”的意思off词组大汇总 知识链接on one’s own = by oneself 独立地(凭自己的力量) I finished it on my own.
我独自完成了某事。
of one’s own 属于某人自己的，做后置定语，相当于one’s own做前置定语。例：
This is my own home.
这是我自己的家。
They have no car of their own.
他们自己没有汽车。I want to have a house ____________.
我想拥有属于我自己的房子。
2) He did it ______________.
他独自一个人做这件事。of my ownon his own7. Don’t drink all your water in one go.
in one go 一口气；一下子
He drank a glass of milk?in one go.??
他一口气喝了一杯牛奶。
He finished his job in one go.
他一口气做完了工作。 8. And you must be careful of falling stones.
be careful of 注意…；留心…Be careful of your health.
注意你的健康 / 请多保重。
be careful for 关注
You cannot be too careful for your health.
你越注意健康越好。
be careful about 讲究; 小心,当心
She is too careful about her dress.
她过分讲究衣着。 辨析：cross / across / through across: 主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念。
through: 则表示从某个空间“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念。
cross: across和cross在拼写上仅差一字之微，故很易混淆。它们的区别在于词性和使用场合有所不同。across是介词；cross是动词。9. … and across the stream … My house is across the harbour, in the vicinity of the Kowloon Park．
我的家在海港的对岸，九龙公园附近。
They live across the Central Plaza.
他们住在中央广场的对面。
He has crossed the border into another territory.
他已越过边界进入别国的领土。
They have crossed over to Japan.
他们已东渡去日本了。You can cross the street when the green light is on.
= You can go across the street when the green …
We have to go through the crowds when I go to work or come back home every day. fairly adv. 相当；还算 It's?fairly?hot today.
今天相当热。
This is a?fairly?easy book. ??
这是一本相当容易的书。10. It should be a fairly smooth walk to …知识链接fairly, quite的共同意思是“相当”，其区别是：
fairly所表示的程度轻, 可以理解为“还算, 还说得过去”, 经常与褒义词连用。例如:
He is a fairly good player.
他是个还算不错的运动员。
quite所表示的程度比fairly稍重, 可理解为“十分, 相当”。例如:
The film is quite nice.
这部影片相当不错。1. Every school has its r______.
2. Can you give me some s__________ on
how to learn English well?
3. I’m s________. Bring me some food in a
hurry.
4. Come on! I’ll l_____ the way.
5. Make c______ what you should do and
what you shouldn’t.ulesuggestionstarvingeadlearThe?Rules?for?Primary?School?Pupils
1. Love the motherland and the people. Study hard and make progress everyday. ?2. Go to school on time and do not miss any lessons on purpose. ?3. Listen to the teachers’ lectures attentively and do your homework carefully. 4. Persist in physical training so as to keep fit and take an active part in?recreational
activities. ?5. Pay attention to hygiene, be dressed neatly and spit only in the places?provided. 6. Love manual labour, do everything you can by yourself. 7. Observe the school discipline and public order. ?8. Respect the teachers and elders, work closely with your classmates, and be polite
to others and don’t swear at or start a fight with others. ?9. Concern yourself with the collective, protect public property and hand in whatever
you find to the school office. ?10. Don’t tell any lies, and whenever you make mistakes correct them as soon as
possible. ?
On a Cathay Pacific flight from Hong Kong to Singapore last month, a perspiring passenger from mainland China sneezed and wheezed nonstop. Despite coaxing from passengers and crew, the man did not cover his mouth, sending fellow travelers scurrying for face masks to protect themselves from germs.
上个月，在一架从香港飞往新加坡的国泰航空(Cathay Pacific)航班上，一位满头大汗的中国内地乘客一路不停地打喷嚏、喘粗气。尽管其他乘客和空乘人员屡屡相劝，这名男子还是没有遮住自己的嘴巴，于是其他乘客纷纷戴起口罩，保护自己免受病菌的侵害。
A new set of guidelines by China National Tourism Administration, issued late last month ahead of the key Golden Week vacation period that kicked off on Oct. 1 National Day, aims to set such tourists right.
中国国家旅游局上个月底在“十一”黄金周前发布了一套新的旅游出行指南，目的就是要纠正这类游客的不良行为。
Among the admonitions contained in the 64-page animated handbook: Don't sneeze in front of others. Ditto for picking noses and teeth.
这本图文并茂的64页指南中，提出的忠告包括：不在别人面前做出抠挖鼻孔、剔牙、咳嗽、打喷嚏等失礼的举止。
While the booklet contains suggestions for Chinese when traveling at home, the main target is to improve the lamentably poor reputation of Chinese tourists abroad.
尽管这本指南是针对中国人在国内旅行提出的建议，但其主要的目的却是提升中国游客在海外糟糕的声誉。
In May, Vice Premier Wang Yang stressed the need for Chinese tourists to behave better while traveling overseas so as to protect China's image abroad.
今年5月，中国国务院副总理汪洋强调说，中国游客在海外旅行时要注意言行，以保护中国在海外的形象。
Last year more than 83 million Chinese traveled overseas, up 18% from the previous year according to the Chinese Tourism Academy. While Hong Kong and Macau have long been favorite destinations, travel tastes are evolving, with more Chinese venturing farther afield, including to Southeast Asia.21cnjy.com
据中国旅游研究院(Chinese Tourism Academy)的数据，去年有逾8,300万中国人出国旅游，较上年同期增长了18%。尽管香港和澳门长期以来一直是最受欢迎的旅游目的地，但中国人的旅游偏好开始发生改变，有更多的中国人到更远的地方旅游，包括东南亚。21·cn·jy·com
But even as they venture farther, the Chinese continue to pack bad habits in their carry-ons.www.21-cn-jy.com
但就在中国游客探索更远的国度之际，也带去了各种不良习惯。
From defacing ancient Egyptian temples to exploding in epic airport meltdowns to letting children defecate in the middle of airports, Chinese tourists have earned a bad rap.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
从在埃及古代神庙上刻字、到大闹机场、再到让孩子在机场中央大便，中国游客的口碑变得很差。
There is little to suggest anything has changed in recent months. As China completes day three of its Golden Week holiday period, images of Chinese tourists behaving badly are already doing the rounds online. China Central Television piled on with Thursday night's national news broadcast, showing shots of tourist graffiti on bamboo trees and the walls of a temple.www-2-1-cnjy-com
几乎没有迹象显示近几个月情况有所改观。随着“十一”黄金周第三天的结束，有关中国游客不良行为的画面已经在网上传开。中央电视台周四晚间在播报全国新闻时进行了集中报道，播出了游客在竹子上和一座寺庙的壁上涂鸦的画面。
But now armed with the latest 'guidebook' to travel etiquette, Chinese travelers should, in theory at least, have no excuse for boorish behavior.21世纪教育网版权所有
但如今有了最新的旅游出行“指南”，中国游客应该没有借口再继续不雅行为了，至少从理论上是如此。
If they adhere to the guidelines, expect to hear more Chinese sprinkling their conversations with niceties such as 'Morning' and 'Sorry' overseas. After all, 'it's international practice,' the booklet says.21·世纪*教育网
如果他们遵守指南，预计将听到更多的中国人在海外旅游时会在对话中使用“morning”和“sorry”这样的礼貌用语。这本指南说，毕竟，早晨说morning，出错说sorry，世界通用。 21*cnjy*com
Similarly, when using the restroom, Chinese are asked not to linger too long in the stalls. 'Don't leave footprints on the toilet; don't forget to flush the toilet after use,' the manual implores.2·1·c·n·j·y
同样，指南建议不要长时间占用公厕。指南规劝道，不要将脚印留在坐便器上，便后记得冲洗。
Snapping a holiday shot? Then be considerate -- don't fight with others when you want to take pictures, and don't force other people to take pictures with you, the booklet adds.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
想拍张照片？拍照时请考虑周到――指南中还说，拍照时不要争抢，不要强行与人合影。
When flying, the guidelines advise travelers not to take life vests away from airplanes, as one Chinese man did recently.【出处：21教育名师】
在乘坐航班时，指南中说，绝对不能带走机上的救生衣。最近一名中国男子就曾这样做过。
For years, overseas travel by Chinese was heavily restricted and it wasn't until 1997 that Chinese people began to venture abroad purely for tourism. With such a short history of globetrotting, it's not surprising that many Chinese commit faux pas on their foreign voyages.【版权所有：21教育】
多年来，中国境外游受到严格限制，直到1997年，中国人才开始纯粹以观光为目的到海外旅游。在境外游的历史如此短暂的情况下，很多中国人在海外旅游时会犯错，这并不令人感到意外。21教育名师原创作品
Yet that's not to say the Chinese are the world's worst tourists. As one recent survey suggests, the Russians, the Brits and--you guessed it--the Americans take uncouthness to even higher levels when rambling through foreign lands.2-1-c-n-j-y
然而，这并不是说中国人是世界上最糟糕的游客。正如最近的一项调查显示的，俄罗斯人、英国人以及（你猜得没错）美国人在海外旅游时的不雅行为比中国人更胜一筹。
Chinese tourists are also urged to be respectful of local customs wherever they travel.
指南还敦促中国游客在旅游时要尊重当地习俗。
In the United Kingdom, for example, it's not polite to ask people: 'Where are you going?' or 'Have you eaten?' the book says.21教育网
指南说，比如，在英国，寒暄时问别人“去哪儿”或“吃饭了吗”是不礼貌的。
When in Spain, ladies should wear earrings when they go out--anything less is akin to being naked, the guidelines say--one piece of advice that one Weibo user found a bit spurious.21*cnjy*com
在西班牙，女性外出需要戴耳环――指南上说，否则会被视为没穿衣服而遭人嘲笑――一位微博用户认为这个建议有些不实。
Another Weibo user wrote that he found some of the travel tips plain weird--a claim some guidelines make difficult to refute:
另外一位微博用户写道，他发现有些旅游贴士很奇怪――恐怕指南中的一些建议很难驳斥这一说法：
'Wherever you dive in the ocean, don't catch and take away any marine life,' and take care not to 'dry your handkerchief and underwear on the lampshade.'
“在海中潜水时，不要抓取和带走任何海洋生物。注意不要在灯罩下晾手帕和内衣。”
生态旅游
生态旅游的概念 国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）特别顾问、墨西哥专家谢贝洛斯?拉斯喀瑞（Ceballos-Lascurain）在20世纪80年代初首次提出关于“生态旅游”这一概念，但是，直到1992年“联合国世界环境和发展大会”的召开，在世界范围内提出并推广了可持续发展的概念和原则之后，生态旅游才作为旅游业实现可持续发展的主要形式在世界范围内被广泛的研究和实践。 ? ?“生态旅游”概念一经提出之后，世界上很多组织和研究者都从不同的角度对生态旅游进行了界定，至今尚未有一个统一认可的定义，对生态旅游的内涵也众说纷纭。虽然，2002年被世界旅游组织定义为生态旅游年，并要求各会员组织相关的生态旅游活动，但是只是一个口号，并没有在普通旅游人群中获得认可。同时，在中国，除了2004年由国家林业局主办的范围相对狭窄的“中国森林生态旅游博览会”让业内过了一把作秀生态旅游的瘾，国内各旅游机构并不重视生态的开发。尤其在地方政府，许多是具备丰富的生态旅游资源的，是当地官员不重视推介，同时，国内外的主流旅游展会均以”高、大、全“的目标为主，谢绝生态旅游的展示。另外，各地的旅行社在组织线路上只重视热点旅游地区的开发，缺少前进性的战略性眼光，不看重生态旅游的潜在市场。 不过，随着政府《全国生态保护“十一五”规划》的发布，关于生态旅游的目标已得到了党中央、国务院和各部委基本的认同：生态旅游应该保护自然资源和生物的多样性、维持资源利用的可持续性，实现旅游业的可持续发展。为了更好的实现这一目标，生态旅游应该促进地方经济的发展，唯有经济发展之后才能真正切实地重视和保护自然；同时，生态旅游还应该突出对旅游者的环境教育意义，生态旅游的经营管理者也更应该重视和保护自然。 ? ? 在召开的世界生态旅游峰会上， 世界旅游组织秘书长弗朗加利在的致词中指出的“生态旅游及其可持续发展肩负着三个方面的迫在眉睫的使命：经济方面要刺激经济活力、减少贫困；社会方面要为最弱势人群创造就业岗位；环境方面要为保护自然和文化资源提供必要的财力。生态旅游的所有参与者都必须为这三个重要的目标齐心协力的工作。” 国际生态旅游实践 ?? 各区域组织发布的2006旅游市场调查报告纷纷指出，生态旅游目前已经成为当今世界旅游业发展的热点，生态旅游的实践区域也在不断的扩大，较早发展生态旅游的地区和国家也在实践中积累了丰富的经验。因为，世界多数国家的多数机构在致力于推广生态旅游活动的普及。如世界旅游组织、亚太旅游组织、联合国生态安全合作组织、澳大利亚可持续发展组织、绿色环球21等。我们希望在不久的将来，在中国，中国国际生态旅游博览会能够成为展示中国生态旅游资源，促进中国旅游经济新发展的一个平台。当然，这个平台的延伸需要各界人士的支持与参与。 生态旅游的主要地域 在世界上，并不是每个地方都具备开展生态旅游的条件。目前，野生动物资源使非洲成为世界生态旅游的重要发源地之一，尤其是南部非洲的肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、南非、博茨瓦纳、加纳等国已成为当今国际生态旅游的热点地区。在处亚马孙河流域的哥斯达黎加、洪都拉斯、阿根廷、巴西、秘鲁、智利、美国、加拿大等国家也是生态旅游较发达的地区。在亚洲，印度、尼泊尔和印度尼西亚以及马来西亚是最早开展生态旅游活动的地区。此外英国、德国、日本、澳大利亚生态旅游也有所发展。这些地区和国家开展的主要生态旅游活动有野生动物参观、原始部落之旅、生态观察、河流巡航、森林徒步、赏鸟、动物生态教育以及土著居民参观等。 国际生态旅游发展的实际过程 在生态旅游发展的过程中，以上的国家和地区都采取了一系列行之有效的措施，主要做法有：（1）立法保护生态环境。例如1916年，美国通过了关于成立国家公园管理局的法案，国家公园的管理纳入了法制化的轨道。在英国，1993年就通过了新的《国家公园保护法》，旨在加强对自然景观、生态环境的保护。自1992年里约会议以后，日本就制定了《环境基本法》。1923年芬兰颁布了《自然保护法》。（2）制定发展计划和战略。美国在1994年就制定了生态旅游发展规划，以适应游客对生态旅游日益增长的需求。澳大利亚斥资1000万澳元，实施国家生态发展战略。墨西哥政府制定了“旅游面向21世纪规划”，生态旅游是该规划的重点推介项目。肯尼亚政府就制定了许多重要的国家发展策略，其中特别将生态旅游视为重点项目。（3）进行旅游环保宣传。在发展生态旅游的过程中，很多国家都提出了不同的口号和倡议，例如英国发起了“绿色旅游业”运动，日本旅游业协会召开多次旨在保护生态的研讨会，并发表了“游客保护地球宣言”。（4）重视当地人利益。生态旅游发展较早的国家肯尼亚，在生态旅游发展的过程就提出了“野生动物发展与利益分享计划”。菲律宾通过改变传统的捕鱼方式不仅发展了生态旅游业同时也为当地人提供了替代型的收入来源。（5）多种技术手段加强管理。在进行生态旅游开发的许多国家都通过对进入生态旅游区的游客量进行严格的控制，并不断监测人类行为对自然生态的影响，利用专业技术对废弃物做最小化处理，对水资源节约利用等等手段以达到加强生态旅游区管理的目的。澳大利亚联合旅游部、澳大利亚旅游协会等机构还出台了一系列有关生态旅游的指导手册 。此外，很多国家都实行经营管理的分离制度，实施许可证制度加强管理。 中国生态旅游的发展情况 虽然生态旅游所阐发的人与自然和谐相处的理念依稀可以在我国古代先哲们那里找到思想的源泉，但是，作为明确的“生态旅游”这一提法，却是完完全全的舶来品。生态旅游在我国的发展目前仍处于理论界研究发展，我国各地实际行为较少。 关于生态旅游的研究 ?? 早在70年代初，旅游与环境这个与生态旅游密切相关的问题就引起了旅游界的注意，但是“生态旅游”这一概念是经由国外传入我国并逐渐被动接受的。直到1993年9月份，在北京召开“第一届东亚地区国家公园和自然保护区会议”通过了《东亚保护区行动计划概要》的文件，才标志着生态旅游概念在中国第一次以文件形式得到确认，在政策的操作面上得到了支持。 ? ? 由中国旅游协会、生态旅游专业委员会与有关单位共同组织的，1995年在西双版纳召开了“中国首届生态旅游研讨会”，与会专家也只是就生态旅游的定义、内涵；生态旅游与自然旅游保护的关系；如何在生态旅游中开展环境教育；中国生态旅游资源的综合评价和持续利用的总体战略；生态旅游线路的优选等问题进行了理论层面上的研讨，虽然会上还发表了《发展我国生态旅游的倡议》，并被誉为标志着我国对生态旅游的关注和生态旅游研究的起点。但是并没有被专家和生态旅游景区所接受，恰恰相反，国内出现的“生态旅游”的定义达几十种之多，有些概念和定义还引起了广泛的关注甚至是争议，一时间对生态旅游的内涵众说纷纭。对于中国实际的生态旅游的开展并没有多大的帮助。而2007中国国际生态旅游博览会的举办，正是将理论与实际相结合、国内与国外相结合、景区与线路相结合、普及生态旅游与发展会奖旅游相结合的新型展会。她将给近期关注中国生态旅游实践的研究，尤其是对我国开展生态旅游条件的判断和注意问题的研究和针对特定区域的生态旅游规划案例研究提供一个良好的合作平台。 关于生态旅游实践 ?? 我国的生态旅游是主要依托于自然保护区、森林公园、风景名胜区等发展起来的。1982年，我国第一个国家级森林公园——张家界国家森林公园建立，将旅游开发与生态环境保护有机结合起来。此后，森林公园建设以及森林生态旅游突飞猛进的发展，虽然这时候开发的森林旅游不是严格意义上的生态旅游，但是为生态旅游的发展提供了良好的基础。至1999年初全国已经建起不同类型、不同层次的森林公园近900处。从1956年开始建立第一批自然保护区以来，至1997年底，共建各类自然保护区932处，其中国家级的有124处，被正式批准加入世界生物圈保护区网络的有14个。我国共有512处风景名胜区，总面积达9.6万平方公里。 ? ? 99昆明世博会和1999年国家旅游局的“99生态环境旅游”主题活动虽然大幅度推进了我国的生态旅游实践，在1999年，四川成都借世界旅游日主会场之机推出了九寨沟、黄龙、峨眉山、乐山大佛等景点，开发生态旅游产品。随后，湖南张家界国家森林公园举办国际森林保护节，推出武陵园等生态旅游区。以湖南和四川为起点，生态旅游逐渐在全国范围内发展起来。在2001年对全国100个省级以上自然保护区的调查结果显示，已有82个保护区正式开办旅游，年旅游人次在10万元以上的保护区已达12 个。但是在具有众多生态旅游资源的县级城市，生态旅游由于受到旅游市场的冷落、缺少推介和宣传，并没有提升旅游经济，更没有把具体的资源展示的机会。2007中国国际生态旅游博览会，就提供了这样的一个平台，用于展示国内丰富的生态旅游资源，并把它与会奖旅游结合起来，走一条独特的展示之路、 目前，在国内，开放的生态旅游区主要有森林公园、风景名胜区、自然保护区等。生态旅游开发较早、开发较为成熟的地区主要有香格里拉、中甸、西双版纳、长白山、澜沧江流域、鼎湖山、广东肇庆、新疆哈纳斯等地区。按开展生态旅游的类型划分，我国目前著名的生态旅游景区可以分为以下九大类，1）山岳生态景区，以五岳、佛教名山、道教名山等为代表。2）湖泊生态景区 以长白山天池、肇庆星湖、青海的青海湖等为代表。3）森林生态景区 以吉林长白山、湖北神农架、云南西双版纳热带雨林等为代表。4）草原生态景区 以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原等为代表。5）海洋生态景区 以广西北海及海南文昌的红树林海岸等为代表。6）观鸟生态景区 以江西鄱阳湖越冬候鸟自然保护区、青海湖鸟岛等为代表。7）冰雪生态旅游区 以云南丽江玉龙雪山、吉林延边长白山等为代表。8）漂流生态景区 以湖北神农架等为代表。9）徒步探险生态景区 以西藏珠穆朗玛峰、罗布泊沙漠、雅鲁藏布江大峡谷等为代表 。 我国生态旅游产品的主要类型 ? ? 早在99生态环境旅游年的时候，当时推出的生态旅游的类型主要包括了观鸟、野生动物旅游、自行车旅游、漂流旅游、沙漠探险、保护环境、自然生态考察、滑雪旅游、登山探险、香格里拉探秘游、海洋之旅等十大类专项产品，共193项，向世界推荐开展生态旅游的森林公园119个，《世界遗产名录》中的中国风景名胜区7个，中国生物圈保护区19个，中国植物园11个。1999年，国家旅游局同有关部门逐步规划开发，建设了一批生态旅游区，主要类型包括了海洋、山地、沙漠、草原、热带动植物等。目前，我国生态旅游形式已从原生的自然景观发展到半人工生态景观，旅游对象包括原野、冰川、自然保护区、农村田园景观等，生态旅游形式包括游览、观赏、科考、探险、狩猎、垂钓、田园采摘及生态农业主体活动等，呈现出多样化的格局。 最后，旅游专家和2007中国国际生态旅游博览会专家告诉我们：虽然生态旅游的实践在不断地进行，但是针对我国目前的生态旅游开发，许多专家和学者仍存有异议。大多数研究者认为真正意义上的生态旅游应当把生态保护作为既定的前提，把环境教育和自然知识普及作为核心内容，是一种求知的高层次的旅游活动。首先，在开发经营上，生态旅游是科技含量很高的产业，应该在科学技术的密切参与下运作，要求旅游开发者和经营者必须要对所处地区生态系统的特点非常了解，具有生态环境保护的专门知识。其次，在市场方面，真正意义上的生态旅游要求参与者具有较高的环保意识。因此，参加生态旅游的旅游者需要旅游者具有一定环保意识，这也是与大众旅游的明显反差。而目前我国很多生态旅游实践并没有达到生态旅游的本质要求，着重强调了生态旅游“认识自然、走进自然”的一面，而忽略了生态旅游“保护自然”的目标，各地开展的生态旅游产品并不是真正意义上的生态旅游产品，而是自然旅游或者是观光旅游的另一种形式。 2007中国国际生态旅游博览会是一次促进经济发展、生态旅游建设和环境保护协调化的产物，她的出现，不光是中国旅游新形势的需要发展，更是世界格局下旅游发展的需要。同时，也是各地在旅游资源匮乏的时候，刺激各地旅游发展，提升旅游经济的新起点。
