课件42张PPT。Unit 2 Knives and forks are used for most Western food.
Module 6Revision Translate the phrases and
sentences into English.1.校毕业生晚会_______________________
2.准备一道传统食物_____________________
3.演奏舞曲___________________________
4.校历__________________
5.手抓食品_________________the school leavers’ partyprepare a traditional dishplay the dance musicthe school calendarfinger food6.加热___________________
7.邀请某人做某事_____________________
8.不适合_____________________
9.我明白你的意思。___________________
10.你呢？____________________________ no goodI see what you mean.What about you?heat upinvite sb. to do sth.Have you ever heard this saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”? Talk about its meaning to your partner.When in Rome do as the Romans do.
在罗马的时候，要学习罗马人。
（入境随俗。）Look at the photos and discuss.They use a knife and fork.
…What do you see at a meal in China?They use chopsticks.
…What do you see at a meal in a Western country?If you are invited to have dinner in a Western family, what rules should you follow?DiscussionArrive on time.Prepare a gift.Be seated from the left side; leave from the right side.Put the handkerchief on your legs.Fork is put in your left hand and knife is in your right. Cut the steak into pieces quietly.Used fork and knife should be put on your plate.Thank the host after dinner.The text talks about Western dinner time, tableware, meals, eating customs and how to entertain a guest. To help students understand the Western culture of food and dining customs.Listen and discuss what the reading passage mainly talks about.Skim the passage and answer the questions. 1. Who is the passage written for?
2. Where might you see a passage like this?The passage is written for visitors to Western countries from another part of the world.The passage might appear in a magazine, such as an airline magazine.lunch at about 1 pm;
dinner at around7 pm or even laterComplete the table with information from the passage. In Britain you usually say
nothing. In France, you say “Bon appétit” and in Italy, you say “Buon appétito”. with a fork in the left hand and a knife in the fight hand; eat soup with a spoonaccept and say “Thank you” or refuse saying, for example, “I’m sorry. I don’t eat meat.”say you have enjoyed the food; stay and talk around the dinner table1. “So when you eat Western food, do as Westerners do.” So what should you do?
2. “At the start of a meal, the French say ‘Bon appetit’.” What do you say at the start of a Chinese meal?We should watch what other people do and copy them.We say “Chi ba!” at the start of normal meals or “Da jia chi hao!” at the start of more formal meals.Read the passage carefully and answer the questions.4. “No, thanks. It was delicious, but I’ve had enough.” Do you mean you do not like the food?No, it means “I like the food but I’m full.”3. “I’m sorry. I don’t eat meat.” When might you want to say this?I might say this if I am offered something which I do not like.5. “It is sometimes difficult to know when the meal is over.” How do you know that a meal is over in China? In China, a meal is over when the food is finished.Read the passage again. Decide which part is surprising, interesting or unusual to you. Talk about it to your partner.Read the passage again and discuss.
What do you think are the most surprising pieces of information about meals and eating customs in the West?During a meal in the West, you use _______ and forks most of the time, although you can use your fingers to eat chicken ________ or hamburgers. You will be invited to ________ yourself with food, the ________ before the _________.Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.gentleman knife lady serve wing knives wingsserveladiesgentlemenWrite notesRead the table in Activity 3 again and complete the column In China with notes about meals and eating customs in China.Then write a passage about Chinese eating customs for a tourist magazine with Western readers.Sample Meals in China are different in some way from meals in the West. Here are some tips for you when you visit China.
What time are meals served?
Chinese meals are usually served at certain times. Breakfast is usually served around 7:00 am, lunch, 12:00, dinner, 7:00 pm. If you miss the time, maybe nothing will be left to eat.When in China, do as the Chinese do! What is usually said during the meals? At the start of a meal, the Chinese usually say “bie ke qi.” When a new dish is served, guests are usually asked to eat it first and show their feelings so Chinese usually say “zen me yang? hao chi ma?” At the end of the meal, they usually say “zhen hao chi! wo chi bao le!” How do Chinese eat food? Chopsticks are usually used in China. Soup is drunk with a spoon or sometimes Chinese people bring the bowl of soup to the mouth and drink directly without using a spoon but it is sometimes considered rude.What does the host in China usually do? The host usually tries to fill more food or drink for guests, because they are afraid that the guests can’t have enough. So she usually says, “zai jia dian, zen me yang?” If the guests have had enough, he can say, “bu yong le, wo chi bao le,” or in English, “No, thanks. It was delicious, but I’ve had enough.” If the guests don’t like the food, they can wave their hands and say, “bu yong le, wo bu neng chi zhe ge”, or in English, “I’m sorry, but I can’t eat this.”
Chinese people are polite and kind, so don’t worry if you make mistakes. They won’t get angry with you; they will forgive you.Important phrases1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
这是一句谚语，意思是“入乡随俗”，其中as作连词表示“正如，像……”。如：
While in the chemistry lab, do as I said, please.
As I mentioned in my last letter, I’ll be back to Tianjin in June.
Talk about the fact?as?it is. ?? 请说出以下谚语的意思：
1) Like father, like son.
2) Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade.
3) No pains, no gains.
4) Once bitten, twice shy.
5) Love me, love my dog.Key:
1) 有其父必有其子。
2) 不要过河拆桥。/ 不要忘恩负义。
3）不劳无获。
4）一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
5）爱屋及乌。2. Here are some things you may need to know … 这个句子是全部倒装结构即：here + 谓语 + 主语。here置于句首是为了引起他人的注意，用于指示人或物。如： Here comes the bus.
Here are some flowers for you. 但是当句子的主语为代词时，不能使用倒装结构。如： Here it comes.
Here he comes.--- Hey, Nick. ______ comes the last bus!
--- Hurry up, or we'll have to walk home.
A. This B. There
C. That D. It
【解析】考查倒装句。此处表示，“最后一班公交车来了。” 以 here / there 开头的句 子，主语是名词，通常完全倒装。故选 B。B3. Dinner is served around 7 pm or eleven later.She?served?beer and wine to them. ??
她给他们端上了啤酒和葡萄酒。
Let's start the meal. Who is going to serve?
?? 我们开饭吧。谁来上菜呢?
The waiter is?serving?another customer.
侍应正侍候另一位客人。 serve v. 端上(食物和饮料)；服侍…进餐3. Dinner is served around 7 pm or eleven later.She?served?beer and wine to them. ??
她给他们端上了啤酒和葡萄酒。
Let's start the meal. Who is going to serve?
?? 我们开饭吧。谁来上菜呢?
The waiter is?serving?another customer.
侍应正侍候另一位客人。
注意：serve(服务)是及物动词，直接接宾语 serve v. 端上(食物和饮料)；服侍…进餐--- A single room, please.
--- OK. Will you please ______ me your ID card?
A. tell B. serve C. send D. show
--- ______ free breakfasts ______ in all schools in China?
--- No, not yet. Only in the rural areas.
A. Are; made B. Do; serve
C. Are; served D. Do; makeDC4. But there is nothing similar to say in English.在句中similar修饰的词是不定代词，所以后置。
The two boys look very similar.
这两个孩子看上去很相似。
They are similar in appearance.
他们在外貌上相似。
My problems are very similar to yours.
我的问题和你的差不多。 similar adj. 相似的 similar in?在…方面相似的
similar to?与…相似的
same与similar意义相近, 但并不相同。前者指“完全相同”, 后者指“类似, 差不多”。1) 翻译句子
他们的家庭生活与我们的相似。(be similar to)
2) Linda is ＿＿＿＿ her mother in many ways. For example, they are both tall and thin.
A. similar to B. kind to
C. friendly toTheir family life is similar to ours.A5. Knives and forks are used for most Western
food.1) be used for … 用于，被用来供… A knife __________________ things.2) used to do sth过去常常做某事 He used to play basketball.
Tom used to be shy.is used for cutting3) be /get used to (doing) sth.习惯于（做）某事My brother is /gets used to running in the morning. 4) be used as + n.被用来当作…The room is used as a reading room. 翻译句子
1) 这种杯子是用来喝酒 的。
2) 我叔叔以前是个司机，而现在他是医生。
3) 英语在世界上被用做一种有用的工作语言。This kind of cup is used for drinking wine.My uncle used to be a driver, but now he is a doctor.English is used as a useful working language in the world.6. No one will be cross. The old lady was really cross when the boy’s ball broke her window.
Adam, Mummy will get cross if you do it again.
Don’t get cross with Bill. 这里cross 是形容词，表 “生气的”。如： cross v. 横穿，穿过；交叉
It took them two months to cross the desert.
She was sitting on the floor with her legs crossed.
across adv. ＆ prep. 横过；穿过
Can you swim?across?the river?
My house is just?across?the street.1. 我叔叔想周游世界。
My uncle wants to _____________________.
2. MP3是人们用来播放音乐的。
MP3 is _______________ music _____________.
3. 你做错了，因为你没有按照老师说的去做。
You’ve done wrong just because you didn’t do ___________________.Practice Complete these sentences.travel around the worldused for playingas the teacher saidby people4. 孩子们，请随便吃些水果。
Please _______________ some fruit, my children.
5. 这些孩子希望为这位老人做些事情。
These children _____________ something for the old man. help yourselves toexpect to doUnit 2 Knives and forks are used for most Western food.
Class Type
Reading and writing
Objectives
1. To get information from the reading material about meals and customs.
2. To learn more expressions of describing customs.
3. To learn some new vocabulary.
Key structure
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Here are some things you may need to know …
Knives and forks are used for most Western food
No one will be cross.
Difficulties
How to use the passive voice properly.
Vocabulary
plate, explanation, cross
get alongon well with sb, cheer up
Periods
1
Procedure
Lead-in
Review. Translate the phrases in Unit 1 into English.
Step 1
Present pictures and talk about this saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Step 2
Look at some photos and discuss the traditional food culture in China and in Western country.
Step 3
Free talk:
If you are invited to have dinner in a western family, what rules should you follow?
Step 4
Ask Ss to look at the video and discuss what the reading passage mainly talks about.
Step 5
Skim the passage and answer the questions.
Step 6
Complete the table with information from the passage.
Step 7
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions.
Step 8
Read the passage again. Decide which part is surprising, interesting or unusual to them.
Step 9
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.
Step 10
Writing
Complete the column In China in Activity 3 with notes about meals and eating customs in China. Write a passage for a tourist magazine with Western readers called.
Step 11
Language points: explain the key words and phrases in Unit 2.
About 16th Birthday Parties
The sweet 16th birthday is a rite of passage for teenagers and parents alike. From special mementos, to fabulous parties, sweet 16 birthdays are a way for a teen to share with friends and family a day filled with opening gifts, dancing to music and eating scrumptious snacks.
Significance
Sixteenth birthday parties are celebrations of 16 young years of life. Many times there are several other classmates and friends that are invited to a 16th birthday party. Teenagers love to celebrate the rites of passage by hosting a party in which they receive gifts from their friends, interact, dance and mingle with guests.21世纪教育网版权所有
History
The evolution of 16th birthday parties have changed since the 1950s. Back then, the celebration of a 16th birthday party involved a small gathering between immediate family and friends and now, many 16-year-olds expect to receive a new or used car as a birthday gift. While teenagers are looking for more elaborate ways to celebrate such as hiring DJs, celebrities and having parties in party destinations and clubs, many parents prefer to keep things more low key and traditional. By finding a medium solution between the two, both parents and child can be happy.
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The 16th birthday signifies a child coming of age and gaining ground on becoming an adult. For many teenagers the most important aspect of turning 16 is they get to receive their driver's license.
When they have their license, getting new keys is something many enjoy asking for on their 16th birthday party. By receiving their driver's license on their birthdays, many teens choose to go out and celebrate their 16th birthday by having a party with friends at a dance hall or club for teens.
Identification
Having a 16th birthday party that includes a birthday cake, music or a band, snacks and drinks are some of the most important facts to take into consideration when throwing a 16th birthday party that will be memorable. A theme can be implemented into the party to create excitement. If the 16-year-old belongs to a sport such as cheer leading for example, decorate the room in school colors with balloons, lights and paper streamers. Create pom-pom center pieces and accentuate the school mascot throughout the party area. Have a rocker-themed party that revolves around the birthday guest's favorite singer or band, have music by the artist playing throughout the night as well as posters hung up throughout the party area.21教育网
Size
The size of a 16th birthday party varies from a casual get together of around five to 10 people or a large get together of around 100. Making sure that there are plenty of appetizers and drinks for guests is important. Small get togethers may be held at home, while larger events may require renting a venue such as a teen club space, banquet hall or hotel ballroom.21·cn·jy·com
Warning
There are some risk factors involved with hosting a 16th birthday party. Being responsible if children get hurt or break the law can fall on the parents hosting the party. Keeping the ratio of adults to children one adult per every five kids is a good rule of thumb. Underage drinking should never be permitted at any party that involves minors and children. Keeping the party drug- and alcohol-free is a must when it comes to 16th birthday parties.21cnjy.com
How Does a 16th Birthday Party Differ From Other Birthdays?
General Overview
In American society, a person's 16th birthday is a very momentous occasion that is celebrated with great fanfare. It is considered the young person's transition into adulthood, and many girls and boys take the event very seriously. For American teenagers, turning sixteen is especially important because it is at this age that they are able to get their driver's licenses. Receiving the privilege to drive is often a time of great excitement for teens, which makes the 16th birthday all the more exciting and important.www-2-1-cnjy-com
How It Differs
A 16th birthday party differs from other birthday parties mainly because it is given much more importance as an anniversary. The fact that so many teenagers look forward to turning sixteen and receiving their driver's licenses makes the 16th birthday a very significant celebration. As a result, the 16th birthday celebration is often bigger and more elaborate than any other birthday. The party is bigger in every way; it involves more preparations, more people and more decorations. In general, the 16th birthday party is done on a much larger scale than any other birthday.
How to Plan a Sixteenth Birthday
A great 16th birthday party takes a lot of planning. Most teens go all out for this special occasion. They make custom invitations for all attendees and some plan a theme for decorations such as "princess," "hip hop," or "Hollywood." Of course, possibilities for themes are many, but some also choose to have a theme-less party. The location for the party is highly significant with teens choosing special event halls or opting for their own backyard. Finding the perfect outfit for the party is also extremely important, and teen girls will often have a dress custom-made for the special event. Finally, most teens hope to receive a new car as their birthday gift.
How to Celebrate a 16th Birthday
Milestone birthdays, such as your 16th, require a special celebration due to the significance of the event. Turning 16 generally signifies new responsibilities, privileges and hopefully more maturity as this birthday puts you closer to adulthood. Most teens like to celebrate their 16th birthday by throwing a huge party or doing something extravagant. Celebrate your 16th birthday in an unusual or unexpected way by doing something you have never done before or by revisiting your favorite birthday from your childhood. 21世纪教育网版权所有
Instructions
1
Make a list of ideas on how you would like to celebrate your 16th birthday. This might include a super party with a glitz and glamour, retro, Hollywood, nightclub or other over-the-top theme. Other popular ideas include a sleepover with some of your closest friends, an outing to a mall or theme park with a group of friends or a day out, such as at the spa for girls or a paintball park for boys.21教育网
2
Talk to your parents to set a budget--if they are paying for your celebration--and ground rules to avoid getting into trouble on your birthday. Discuss any plans, ideas and requests you may have so that you are both on the same page. Negotiate with them if your idea of the perfect sweet 16 party is completely different from theirs.21·cn·jy·com
3
Plan the specifics of your celebration. Book a hotel suite, spa treatments and food budget if you want a small spa-inspired sleepover for your best friends. A less expensive option is to have a sleepover at home and have an older sister, cousin, aunt or your mom and her friends give you and your friends makeovers and pedicures. Ask a friend or relative if you can borrow their house and pool for a pool party.www.21-cn-jy.com
4
Put together activities or entertainment for your guests, such as a DJ, burning a CD, organizing a scavenger hunt or movies. Plan out decorations and decide whether you will buy them or make them yourself. Determine what food or refreshments you'll serve your guests, and if you'll prepare it at home or have it catered. Assemble favor bags with treats for your friends that complement your party theme, such as nail polish or makeup for a spa party, key chains for a car or driving themed party or candy for a "sweet" party.2·1·c·n·j·y
5
Send or pass out invitations to everyone you'd like to attend your 16th birthday party. Play up your age with the invitations by making the number 16 prominent on the invitation.
Good Ideas for a 16th Birthday Party
Turning 16 is a landmark birthday--a coming of age that signifies a shift in life. A 16-year-old is no longer a child and nearly an adult. Turning 16 comes with new independence, as many teens learn how to drive and attain their first jobs at this age. Parties are often held to celebrate this milestone and to honor the young adult. 21·世纪*教育网
Limo Party
Your 16-year-old will feel like an adult with a limo party. Invite some of his nearest and dearest friends to spend an evening going from place to place while being chauffeured in a limousine. Arrange for the limo driver to take the birthday boy and his friends to a movie, to a restaurant where you have made reservations for dinner, to a roller rink, bowling alley or some other location where he and his friends can enjoy their favorite activities.21cnjy.com
Spa Party
The birthday girl and her friends will appreciate the pampering that comes along with a spa-themed party. If possible, arrange to have the party at an actual spa, where they can receive facials, massages, manicures and pedicures. You can also throw a home-based spa party. Decorate with soothing colors--cool blue, sage green and tan. Cover tables with terry cloth and create centerpieces with arrangements of bamboo. When each girl arrives, provide her with a bathrobe to change into. Hire a hairdresser and a masseuse to style party-goers hair and give them massages. Set out materials they can use to give one another facials, manicures and pedicures.
Club Party
Guests will dance the night away at a club-themed party. Give the party area a club feel with disco balls, black lights, strobe lights, colored spotlights and a fog machine. Place tables and chairs in a circular formation around the area you wish to designate as the dance floor. Gather couches and chairs together to create a seating area. Make a bar and have someone serve mock cocktails. Hang streamers from the ceiling and scatter balloons along the floor. Hire a DJ or make mixed CDs of dance music. As guests arrive, hand out glow necklaces and sunglasses.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
How to Make a 16th Birthday Party Special
A 16th birthday party is a milestone in a young teen's life; it is the first major step toward adulthood. Typically, at this point, a teen receives his driver's license, starts planning for college, and may begin his first part-time job. The celebration of this milestone, therefore, should be extra special. The venue, choice of foods, and decorations will all determine whether the party is a success or a dismal failure in your teen's eyes. It is vital that you receive input from your teen or his close friends to ensure that the party is remembered with fondness. 21cnjy.com
Instructions
1
Solicit input. Talk to your teen about what she wants her 16th birthday celebration to encompass. If you want it to be a surprise, be sure to get feedback from her siblings and close friends. Teenagers can be fickle, and what they are passionate about one week, they may not consider "cool" the next. She may want to celebrate with a fancy dinner with elegant dress, or just enjoy an outdoor barbecue in casual dress.21世纪教育网版权所有
2
Reserve the venue early. Trendy teen hangouts and other locations suitable for these kinds of celebrations book up quickly, often a year or several months in advance.21教育网
3
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Decorate the venue with your teen's preferences in mind. He may want it to be a dance party theme with a disco ball, or a Hawaiian luau-type party, for instance.21·cn·jy·com
4
Serve your teen's favorite foods at the party. He may want to try appetizers like cocktail sausages and meatballs, or he may request more substantial options like lasagna. On the other hand, his preferences may range from the simple, such as pizza at home, to seafood at a trendy, expensive restaurant.www.21-cn-jy.com
5
Plan to present an extraordinary gift. She may want her dream car as a gift, to redecorate her room in a more mature design, or to take a special vacation with family and a close friend. These type of gifts will be sure to make the occasion unforgettable.
Memorable Things to Do on Your 16th Birthday
Turning 16 is a milestone occasion in a teenager's life. Often the pressure can be on to throw a party that everyone will remember. However, do not fall into the trap of putting too much pressure on yourself, or you risk forgetting to have fun with the celebrations. No matter how you decide to celebrate, there are a whole host of themes and options to choose from to suit all budgets and personalities. 21世纪教育网版权所有
Masquerade Ball
Go all out and throw a masquerade event at home or in a hired bar or hall. Invite your guests to wear masks and formal attire. Serve "mocktails" or nonalcoholic cocktails to keep in line with the sophistication of the event. Hire a DJ to keep the party atmosphere alive and guests entertained. Crown a masquerade king and queen and offer awards or small prizes for the best masks.
Beach Party
For a laid-back affair, there is plenty of fun to be had at the beach. Select a beach that allows guests to barbecue so that you can cook hot dogs or burgers and toast marshmallows. Organize activities for the guests such as volleyball, water balloon battles, Frisbee or even surfing instruction. Coordinate your invitations to match the beach theme and remind guests to bring suntan lotion.21教育网
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There is no better excuse to try a new activity than on a 16th birthday. From paint-balling, rock climbing, whitewater rafting to hot-air balloon riding, skydiving or bungee jumping, there are lots of activities to choose from. Invite a close selection of friends to take part in a day of adventure. Alternatively, head to an amusement park with friends for a day of roller coasters and other rides.
Pamper Party
Spend quality time with girlfriends and organize a pamper party at home. Turn your room into a relaxing spa with face masks, candles and makeup. Create a pack of cards with a different look on each such as "glam," "boho" or "wacky." Invite each girl to pick a card and create the look on another guest, with the other girls guessing which look she was aiming to achieve. Serve pink lemonade, pink cupcakes and pink cookies to coordinate with the pamper princess theme.
Something about Birthday
A birthday is the date on which a person is born, marking the day a life outside the womb begins. It is customary in many cultures to celebrate the anniversary of one's birthday, for example by having a birthday party with family and/or friends. Gifts are often given to the person celebrating the birthday. It is also customary to treat people specially on their birthday, either generally acceding to their wishes, or subjecting them to a rite of transition.2·1·c·n·j·y
Western private birthday traditions
History of celebration of birthdays in the West
It is thought that the large-scale celebration of birthdays in Europe began with the cult of Mithras, which originated in Persia but was spread by soldiers troughout the Roman Empire. Before this, such celebrations were not common; and, hence, practices from other contexts such as the Saturnalia were adapted for birthdays. Because many Roman soldiers took up Mithraism, it had a wide distribution and influence throughout the empire until it was supplanted by Christianity.
Birthday celebrations were rare during the Middle Ages but saw a resurgence with the advent of the Reformation. During this period, they were seen as a good way to transfer customs from the saint's days to other dates not linked to the newly repudiated veneration of saints.21cnjy.com
Even today, the celebration of birthdays is not universal in the West; in addition to those people preferring name day celebrations, Jehovah's Witnesses do not celebrate either, considering them to be pagan festivals along with Christmas and Easter.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Festive
Birthday CakeIn most English-speaking countries it is traditional to sing the song Happy Birthday to You to the honored person celebrating his birthday. Similar songs exist in other languages such as "Lang zal hij/zij leven" in Dutch, "Zum Geburstag Viel Glück" in German, "Cumplea?os Feliz" in Spanish, or "Sto lat" in Polish. This happens traditionally at a birthday party while someone brings a birthday cake into the (often darkened) room.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
The birthday cake is traditionally highly decorated, and typically covered with lit candles when presented; the number of candles often equals the age of the person. The person whose birthday it is makes a silent wish and then blows out the candles; if done in one breath, the wish is supposed to come true. It is also common for the "birthday boy" or "birthday girl" to cut the initial piece of the cake like as a newlywed couple might with a wedding cake. 【出处：21教育名师】
Typical birthday party decorations include balloons, streamers and confetti.
For special birthdays and for when the number of candles might be considered impractical or a fire hazard, special candles might be substituted for the many individual candles. These candles are in the shape of a numeral; for example, on the fifth birthday there may be one candle on the cake in the shape of the numeral 5, and on the fiftieth birthday there may be two candles on the cake, one in the shape of the numeral 5 followed by the other in the shape of the numeral 0.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A birthday is considered a special day for the person, and so the person will often get special treatment from friends and family. This is especially true for children who cannot wait for their own special day. In addition to parties, people often get gifts on their birthday. 【版权所有：21教育】
Birthday parties for children often include fun games like Pin the Tail on the Donkey, musical chairs, and hitting pi?atas. 21教育名师原创作品
There are also traditions of surprise parties.
Not all traditions are equally generous. In certain circles the birthday boy or girl is expected to treat the fellows, often by shouting one or more round of drinks.
Another tradition enjoyed by girls that was popularized in the 1950s and 60s: receiving a special corsage (or several) that was decorated with candy or another inexpensive item that corresponded to age. The items were priced within reach of the peer group, and all were light enough so they could fasten easily to curly ribbons and be worn throughout the school day without problem. 21·世纪*教育网
10th birthday - lollipops
11th birthday - gum drops
12th birthday - tootsie rolls
13th birthday - bubble gum
14th birthday - dog biscuits
15th birthday - life savers
16th birthday - sugar cubes
17th birthday - lemon drops
18th birthday - cigarettes
Testing
Since every year of age can be seen as a minor transition, this can be accompanied by some traditional initiation rite such as a birthday spanking, after which the honoree may in some traditions receive a "pinch to grow an inch." It is also traditional in schools in some areas of Britain to 'bump' people on their birthday. This involves them being hoisted face up by arms and legs and allowed to fall; pulling on the limbs restrains the fall so that the victim does not quite hit the ground. This is repeated for the number of times equal to their birthday age. On one last hoist the celebrant is often allowed to fall to the ground with a bump. A less painful way is to be lifted in the air while sitting on a chair. Then the last lift is usually made higher than the others.21教育网
A similar tradition in schools are 'birthday beats' or 'birthday bashings' in which the birthday child receives a number of punches on his arm that equals his age (e.g. 14 punches on the arm for a 14-year-old). Usually it is followed with a 'one for luck' punch which tends to be harder than the rest. Birthday beats are not often malicious but sometimes can be considered bullying and may ruin a child's special day.
Special birthdays
Notable birthdays can include:
When the most significant digit changes, for example one's 1st, 10th, 30th, 50th, or 100th birthdays. 21世纪教育网版权所有
One's golden birthday, also called a champagne birthday, is the day when the age one turns and the date of birth coincide (e.g. someone turning 20 on September 20th celebrates his golden birthday). 2-1-c-n-j-y
In most legal systems, one becomes a legal adult on a particular birthday, and at different ages gain different rights and responsibilities — voting, certain drug use (e.g. alcohol, tobacco), eligibility for military draft or voluntary enlistment, driving etc.
Most cultures have one or more coming of age birthdays: 21·cn·jy·com
Jewish boys have a bar mitzvah on or around their 13th birthday. In Reform and Conservative Judaism, Jewish girls observe a bat mitzvah on or around their 12th or 13th birthday while in Orthodox Judaism, girls observe it on or around their 12th birthday.
In some Christian traditions, generally Catholic and Anglican, Confirmation is the ritual by which a young person becomes an official member of the Church. This sometimes includes the bestowal of a 'Confirmation name,' generally the name of a saint, which is often worn as a second middle name. Confirmation also bestows the Holy Spirit upon the confirmand, and in some churches is received concurrent with baptism or first communion. www.21-cn-jy.com
In Latin America the quincea?era celebration traditionally marks a girl's 15th birthday. 21*cnjy*com
Some girls in the United States have "sweet sixteen" birthday parties.
The birthdays of historically significant people, like Jesus Christ, the Prophet Muhammad, or the father of the fatherland, are often commemorated by an official holiday, some saints are remembered by a liturgical feast (sometimes on a presumed birthday). By analogy, the Latin term Dies natalis 'birthday' is applied to the anniversary of an institution (such as a university
The differences between Chinese and Western food culture
China has a long history of 5000 years, while the west has one of about six hundred years .China has a food culture that is colorful, profound and excellent, while the west has its own special culture. Now we’d like to talk about the differences between these two cultures from the following aspects.21·cn·jy·com
1?????? the difference of idea about food
What Chinese people care about is the deliciousness of food .They emphasize the idea of using some cooking skills to unite and harmonize the tastes of foods which have different natural properties, Chinese people value the similarity of different things. According to their traditional idea, they tend to seek the relationship between two different objects, and make them change to each other. So they value the unity of different tastes and they always try to harmonize food of different natural properties into one .For example , in Shandong dishes , pork and soybean oil are interdependent and their combination can almost make all dishes be of fantastic smell of pork and color of soybean .It thus make food of different natures get unification. So we see, mediocrity is the theme of Chinese cooking culture. Since the westerners believe in separation of the universe and human in their cultural spirit and thinking model, emphasize the form and structure and value the clearness, they form a special idea about the food science. The very idea is that ecological belief in separation of the universe and human world, proper idea of balanced nutrient. In their opinion, one should choose his food only according to his need as an independent individual and the balanced requirement of all kinds of nutrients for each part of his body. They consider it is important to make the proper match of food by the criterion of variety and quantity. Through cooking of the raw materials, they display the nice taste of all kinds of materials .What they want is to meet the physiological need of the body .For example, the taste of crab lobster and sea fish live completely different, the westerners will definitely not mix the tastes of them when they prepare the dish with them.21·世纪*教育网
2?????? The differences of cooking skill
The so-called Chinese meditation of five flavors refers to the original taste of the food after heated and cooked, and the flavors of ingredients and condiments mix together and melt into each other and complement each other. Chinese people more often than not add two or more condiments into the food and by this realize the perfect harmony of the taste of the arterial and condiments. The ultimate end of meditation is to cook delicious food. Therefore, Chinese people will surely add two or more kinds of ingredients and condiments to almost every dish they cook, even some common home-made dishes, such as sliced meat, stir-fried with garlic bolts, while the same material and ingredients are cooked in western way, the chef would probably slice the beef and tomatoes separately and put them in a plate with two potatoes and four vegetable leaves without mixing with each other and thus affecting the taste of each other. The westerners emphasize nutrition and balanced in their diet, so they prepare their food according to scientific instructions strictly without any exception. The taste of the steak doesn’t differ from New York to LosAngels`and its other ingredients ,without any doubt are tomatoes, potatoes, and vegetable leaves .Moreover ,normalized cooking requires that the condiments should be added precisely by gram ,and the length of time needs to be calculated by seconds .www.21-cn-jy.com
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3 The difference of what food the people eat
We can enjoy the food culture , of which the premise condition is the food ,without food, we are not able to cook and eat and exsit.chinese dishes are connected tightly to vegetables .Chinese people eat various vegetables which are up to 600 kinds in number, 6 times as many as the westerners do .As a matter of fact ,in Chinese diet ,vegetables is a rather common food .Only in festivals or in the time when life condition is improved do they eat more meat .Due to this vegetarian characteristics in diet structure , Chinese people are sometimes regarded to be of plant character, when this character is reflected in the culture , we can see that Chinese people value reunion and they are attached to their hometown and are not willing to leave. The westerners are different, they are descendant of nomadic tribes and navigation peoples in their cultural origin .their ancestor lived mainly by fishing, hunting and feeding domestic animals and sometimes also by collecting and cultivation. So they ate more meat in their diet. Due to this, the westerners are considered by some people to be of animal character. As a result, the westerners like to peruse individuality and like adventure and exploration. In the history of America .during the period of westward movement, Americans packed their furniture and load them on the truck and then move away from their ling places to a new place without any hesitation. However, Chinese people miss their hometown all the time when they are abroad. Although it’s advocated that the young should be able to settle down in any place, those Chinese people who live overseas for several decades at the end come back to their motherland .This ideology and spirit of returning to the birthplace dose definitely have something to do with the essence of the Chinese food culture. It also strengthens the cohesive force of Chinese people.
4???? The difference of table manners
In china , any banquet ,no matter for what purpose , is held in the same way .That is , people sit around a round table eating and drinking , entertaining and talking. This creates a atmosphere of unity and happiness and politeness. Delicious dishes are put in the center of the people and naturally become the media by which people exchange their feelings and emotions. They toast to each other in a manner of great joy .Although according to hygiene standard, this kind of table manners obviously has big defects, it accords with the common idea great union of Chinese people .It also reflects the influence of the classical philosophy has on the Chinese descendants. In the west, people have their dinner in a completely different way .From the old time until now, they have never eaten food which is put in the same plate or bowl .Each of them has his own share of the food which is contained in his own plate .This displays the strong individuality of the westerners in their culture. They advocated individual idea, ask for individual freedom, try to realize individual dream, with as little limited and constriction from the mass as possible. This kind of thought poses great influence on the westerners’ daily diet. They emphasize the independence of individual, so from the beginning to the end they eat their own share of food .Even thought they also sitting around a table in dinner time, each of them has his own set of tableware, and his own share of dish. In this way they do not interfere each other. It seems somewhat cheerless and cold, but it is very healthy and clean. It is decided by oneself what he want to eat, how to eat, according to his own need and love. The individual has the right to choose the food. For example, when you go to a western restraint and ask for a share of steak, the cook may probably ask you questions like: would you like to roasted steak or fried steak., how long do you want your steak cooked etc.The cook will prepare the steak strictly according to your requirement. Besides, condiments are usually put on the tables .It depends on the customers to decide whether to add some condiments or not. So does the beverage drink?drinkmuch or little .It’s the customers’ own business. The waiters and waitress will not interrupt them.
6?? The difference of tableware
Chopsticks and knives are the two most typical table wares of the East and the West, representing two kinds of different wisdom. Chinese table wares are quite simple and are often used for several purposes. Chinese people use fewer types of table wares, which is also perhaps influenced by their idea of harmony and unification. Chopsticks are usually made from bamboo .hold a pair of chopsticks on hand and enjoy the dishes; it’s not only economical but also convenient. Chopsticks can do almost what our hands can do ,so chopsticks are often considered as stretched part of hands .In the west ,people often use several typed of table wares for one purpose, which may also probably result from the influence of the idea of individualism. Among the tableware, knives and forks are two kinds of table wares with very long history in the west .They play the same role dinning and they are always used together. One hand holds the knife, on the other hand hold the fork .cut the food with knife, and then put the food into the mouth with the fork. This has become a daily habit of people when they are eating .Moreover, in a formal banquet several sets of knives and forks are used. That means, when they eat one dish, they use one set of knives and forks. When they eat another dish, they use another set.21世纪教育网版权所有
Chapter 4 how to properly view the difference of the food culture between china and the west21教育网
Chinese people have begun to eat Chinese food from their birth, so they may more or less feel tired of Chinese diet. Since the open-up policy was carried out, all sorts of foreign commodities flock into china ,western food especially the snacks quickly invade Chinese food market .In most big cities ,the advertisement of Kentucky and McDonald’s are spreaded here and there .A lot of people flock onto the western restaurants .Many child and teenagers feel proud of eating hot dogs and hamburgeroung peoples ,to show they are up with the fashion , even hold their weddings in some western restaurants .The popularity of western food in china shows that many Chinese people blindly worship the western culture .In fact , in America Kentucky food like fried chickens and McDonald’s food like hamburger are considered by the native Americans as junk food .All these junk food are known to have more or less to with the obesity ,cardiovascular disease and diabetes ect.. so what measure should we take when confronted with the invasion of the western food? As a Chinese, we should accept and develop our own food culture. The moon in foreign countries is no more round than that in our country. However, nowadays there are lots of people who feel proud of eating western food. What is worse, some of even deny Chinese food culture. They eat hot dogs or fried chicken, just to show their richness and nobleness, although these foods do not really agree with their own tastes .In fact, everything in the world has two sides, good side and bad side. So when we view the difference of food culture between china and the west, we should see both the good and bad side of each other.21cnjy.com
Firstly ,we should choose our diet according to our need .Chinese people like sitting together and eating the abundant dishes, but with the tempo of the modern society become faster and faster, it’s far from efficient to eat the whole tableful of Chinese food during the extra working time. We can not deny the fact that the bread does great contribution to the life of those people who are working around the clock. But also should not forget the fact that bread can not take the place of delicious food no matter how convenient it is. And eating too much fried chicken is probably the cause of obesity though it can show your richness.2·1·c·n·j·y
Secondly, Chinese people pursue deliciousness in cooking the food. During the process ,frying the food in hot oil or cook it in low temperature for a long time, often cause the loss of nutrients which is contained in the raw material. So in the area of cooking skills, we Chinese should learn from the west. But Chinese people regard food as the heaven and regard the taste as the most important, while the westerners emphasize nutrition but pay less attention to the taste. They eat fresh vegetable such as tomatoes, cucumbers. From the field cabbages and onions which may be picked right now. They do not cook these vegetables since they are afraid to damage the vitamins【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Thirdly, nowadays with Chinese people’s living standard being gradually improved, their need for meat are by and by satisfied .As a result of this ,the phenomenon of excessive nutrition grow more and more common than before. Many people get different kinds of diseases. Such as obesity and coronary disease, heart disease, because they have got too much meat while eat little vegetables. So considering this point, I think Chinese diet structure is more healthy .we eat a healthy vegetarian diet which is good for our body. Therefore, we should careful choose the right food to eat.
Fourthly, Chinese people are used to having dinner together and putting the dish in the same plate, which does not always display an atmosphere of happiness when they hold a banquet, eating doesn’t matter too much. What is important to them is the face, so the price, the abundance, the quality of the food, this become the carrier of the host’s emotion and the symbol of hospitality. The more high-standard the food is, the deeper the friendship is displayed. No one wants to be thought of as stingy. There is little freedom and ease in this kind of banquet. Chinese people this habit, that is, this way of exchanging feelings. In my opinion, is also of little freedom. On the other hand, the westerners are used to having the food in own plate. The food in his plate belongs to himself only. I think this way displays individual freedom and is healthy, too. The westerners like to go Dutch when they have dinner together in the restaurant .This can avoid a lot of problems such as the problem of face and money.
Western Food and Culture
The culture of food and dining in the West is a little different from that in China. The proper western dinner at a fine restaurant is one of manners, focusing on conversation. You are expected to have knowledge of table manners such as what folk or knife to use as these are essential in western dining. The meal would consist of several courses including a soup or salad, an appetizer, the main dish, and a dessert. The atmosphere will be filled with light music that would only serve as background as people converse with each other. The decorations are usually sparse and are only meant to highlight the atmosphere that is being created by the music. This type of dining is different from the dining experience in most restaurants in China. However, with the increase in internationalism, more restaurants are opening which reflect the more western dining style. The Chinese people, now more affluent and knowledgeable about international customs, are beginning to join in this dining experience. This is not to say that people have given up the deep richness in culture that Chinese food represents. It only means that more choices and tastes are becoming available to population. This represents a significant improvement as it will change the perception that the height of western dining is fast food. As cultural communication expands, knowledge of western food will improve.
What Should a 16 Year-Old Girl Do for Her 16th Birthday?
A 16th birthday is a milestone in anyone's life. To a 16-year-old girl it may seem like the most important day of her high school life. Celebrate her birthday in a big way tailored to her tastes. Just because it's an important birthday, you don't have to spend your entire savings account on the big day. 21教育网
The Fashionista
Make your 16-year-old girl's birthday an all-day event with makeovers at your local beauty salon or mall. Schedule a group makeup session at your favorite makeup counter. If you don't want to venture to the mall, ask a friend who sells cosmetics door to door to stop by your house. You can set up makeovers right in your living room. Invite guests tp dress up in party dresses and do each other's hair. Following a day of getting a new look, hire a limo and go out on the town for dinner and milkshakes at her favorite restaurant.21cnjy.com
The Music Lover
Most teens love music, so it's only appropriate to throw your 16-year-old girl a rocking birthday party. Hire a local band to play in your backyard while partygoers enjoy refreshments. Make sure you plan the party at a respectful hour and warn neighbors beforehand. If you don't want to throw a party, treat your 16-year-old and a small group of friends to a show at the local concert venue, especially if you get your hands on the popular concert tickets everyone wants.
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You can throw your 16-year-old girl a party she won't forget while staying on a budget. Clear out a room in your house to turn it into a dance floor. Fill the room with sweet-16 decorations such as balloons and streamers. Make small appetizers and serve soda refreshments to guests. Instead of hiring a pricey DJ, make a playlist on your iPod of the best dance songs. Ask your 16-year-old for help choosing the hippest tracks.21·cn·jy·com
The Athlete
There are a number of ways for an athletic 16-year-old girl to spend her birthday doing what she loves best. Gather a small group of her friends, and spend the day tailgating with burgers and sodas and then attend a baseball or football game. If she'd rather spend the day being active, plan a bowling, mini golf, ice skating or batting-cages party. Most venues offer pizza parties with games for large groups.21世纪教育网版权所有
When in China Do as the Chinese Do
My Chinese name is Meiyou. In Chinese, "mei" means plum, and "you" friend. I am a friend of plum blossom and I hope to become a good friend of Chinese people. But how? The only way is to do as the Chinese do when in China.21教育网
Different cultures and customs are the things that enriches this world. Traveling in different countries allows us to look at the world from different perspectives and helps us get to know different cultures and histories, which greatly widens our horizon.21cnjy.com
When I had traveled and studied in China several times to visit many places, such as Jiuzhaigou which enchanted me so much. But what I miss most were the days when I lived and studied in Beijing. When I was in Beijing, I lived with a native Beijing family.
They took care of me, as if I were a member of the family. My Chinese mum prepared delicious dishes that tasted and looked good. When I praised her, "you are very good at cooking," she replied, "Nali nali (literally, where, where; meaning I am not good at that)." At that time I was very puzzled. Why did she ask me where she did the cooking? Of course in the kitchen! Later, my Chinese dad told me she said that out of modesty, which is considered a virtue by the Chinese.
When my Chinese friends took me out to try different tasty Chinese food, each of them was eager to pay the bill after the meal. Why didn't they go Dutch? They told me that when Chinese eat out together, the Chinese will not want to trouble their friends and want to do something for others. I see. So I do what the Chinese do and vie with my Chinese friends to pay bills when eating out.21世纪教育网版权所有
In this new age, especially in the age of reform and opening up, China has a great prospect of development. Therefore, many foreigners come to China to invest and do business. But they should do as the Chinese do when in China. For me, my dream is to get to know China's long history and Chinese culture better and become a zhongguotong (expert on Chinese culture). I know I am pursuing my dream right here on this beautiful land!
When in China, do as the Chinese do.
If you are planning a business trip to China, it is recommended that you study a bit about the Chinese culture first. There are certain things that you must avoid during your stay in that country and not observing them might make you feel unwanted over there. Each country has its own culture and it is the same with the Chinese too. Just because they too wear suits while going to office does not mean that all their traditions and cultures are the same as that of yours. Before embarking on your trip, business or pleasure, you should understand that the Chinese culture is an ancient one and there are specific etiquette and behavior rules that one needs to follow over there. Observing these rules will help you to enjoy your stay in there and be respected too. Being a foreigner, your mistakes might be forgiven by the Chinese, air max, but why not try to follow and observe the same and gain their love and affection. They will respect you all the more for the pains you take to know more about their culture and tradition and this goes a long way in building up that special bond. There are certain things that make the Chinese uncomfortable and it is in your interest that you desist from doing such things. Respect for elders is one point that has been stressed time over again. The Chinese respect their elders and they love those who follow these rules. Here is a simple way of describing how you can show your respect to an elder without going over deep into traditions. If you are visiting the family of your business contact and are carrying gifts for them, air max, make sure that the best gift is reserved for the senior most member of the family. The same holds true if you are visiting the office of a business contact. Make sure that you gift the best gift for the senior executives. This is the best way to build a healthy business relationship and also to show that you care. Never shout at someone in public. Forget what you have seen in the movies since these are not reality and are just for entertainment purposes. Shouting at a Chinese in public is considered rude. If any Chinese is inviting you to any ceremony that you might not be able to attend, air max, do not refuse the invitation directly. This is considered impolite. There are many other indirect ways of not accepting the invitation and you should use them. Using red ink is a big no and you should avoid writing notes or letters using red ink. According to Chinese culture and tradition red ink symbolizes that the person using it to write will die soon. Avoid using the numerical 4 as far as possible since many consider this number as the harbinger of death. If someone asks you personal questions like your marital status, air max, age and family background, do not feel offended. This is an accepted part of Chinese culture.
Garlic: your healthy food
Garlic is probably the healthiest food you should take．21世纪教育网版权所有
While garlic isn't likely to help out with your social life when you eat too much of it chasing people off with the bad breath，it may actually save your life．Used widely by Egyptian Pharaohs as well as the ancient Chinese，garlic is known for its culinary and medicinal properties．The Egyptians even fed garlic to their slaves to keep them healthy．21cnjy.com
For those suffering from high blood pressure，high cholesterol，heart disease，garlic should become their best friend．Garlic can lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels．Studies have shown that just one clove of garlic daily is enough to reduce cholesterol．Garlic is also good for treatment of bronchitis，colds，coughs，sore throat，fever and indigestion．21·cn·jy·com
To fight cold－related symptoms，garlic is an excellent food therapy specially if taken with other food rich in vitamin C，which helps to stimulate white blood cells to fight off infections．If you suffer from a sore throat，take two or more cloves，crushed or whole，at the first sign of pain．However，don't eat too much raw garlic，for it may cause stomach upset.
大蒜可能是你应当食用的最有利健康的食品。
虽然大蒜可能对你的社交有些不利---如果食用过多的大蒜，口里的大蒜味会使别人退避三舍。但是大蒜说不定会拯救你的性命呢？大家知道，大蒜既可食用，又有药用价值。埃及的法老以及古代的中国人都曾广泛采用大蒜，埃及人甚至让他们的奴隶食用大蒜以保持身体健康。21教育网
对于高血压、高胆固醇、心脏病患者，大蒜应当成为他们的良友。大蒜具有降低血压，降低胆固醇的功能。研究表明，每天只食用一瓣大蒜就足以使胆固醇降低，大蒜还有助于治疗支气管炎、感冒、咳嗽、喉痛、发烧和消化不良。www.21-cn-jy.com
对于与感冒有关的症状，大蒜是最好的食物治疗，尤其是与富含维生素C的食物合并食用更为有效，因为这样能刺激白血球消除感染。如果你喉咙痛，刚有痛感时就吃两三瓣大蒜，碾碎或整瓣食都可以，不过不要吃得太多，可能会引起肠胃不适。2·1·c·n·j·y
