(3)Unit 1 Friends
语法精讲
形容词比较级和最高级的变化,分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(一)规则变化:
1.单音节词的词尾加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
great (好极了)(原级) - greater (比较级) - greatest (最高级)
tall(高的) - taller- tallest
2. 大多数双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在形容词前面加more 和 most。
important(重要的) - more important - most important
difficult (困难的) - more difficult - most difficult
注意:形容词前若加上less和 least 则表示"较不"和"最不",是否定的比较级,请尝试比较more和less的意思区别。
beautiful - more beautiful 更漂亮 - most beautiful 最漂亮
beautiful - less beautiful 较不漂亮 - least beautiful 最不漂亮
3.以辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的) - bigger- biggest
hot(热的) - hotter- hottest
4.以不发音的字母"e"结尾的单音节形容词,其比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (宽的) -wider - widest
large(大的) - larger - largest
5."以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加-er和-est
easy(容易的) - easier - easiest
busy(忙的) - busier - busiest
(二)不规则变化
有些形容词的比较级和最高级没有变化规则,需要你见到一个,背一个,比如下面这些常用的形容词比较级和最高级。
good / well→better→best
bad / badly→worse→worst
many / much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther→farthest(表示距离)
far→further→furthest (表示程度)
old→older→oldest (表示新旧或年龄)
old→elder→eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)
(三)形容词原级,比较级和最高的用法:
1当两者进行比较时,通常用形容词的比较级形式,其后用 than 引出比较的对象。形容词比较级前常用
much,alot,even 等修饰。"比较级+and+比较级'表示越来越...... ;the+比较级,thet比较级表示"越......,越...... "
2当三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较,表示"最'的意思时,用形容词最高级形式,且最高级前面必须要有定冠词the,在使用形容词最高级时,后面通常接of./n,表示比较的范用。
当比较的范围与主语是同一类人或物,或属于同一概念是,要用介词of引导的短语:当比较的范围与主语不是同一类人或物,强调在某一范围或场所内进行比较时,要用介词in引导的短语。
备考满分练
一、单选题
1.This car is the cheapest in our company. You can't find _____ one here.
A. cheaper B. cheapest C. a cheaper D. the cheapest
2.He is taller than _____ in his class.
A. any boy B. any C. any other boy D. some other boys
3.She was very happy. She ran _____ of all the runners.
A. the fastest B. the quickest C. slowest D. quickly
4.David's responses were _____ than anyone else's and he won the competition.
A. quick B. quicker C. quickest D. the quickest
5.What a _____ cough! You seem _____ ill.
A. terrible; terribly B. terribly; terrible C. terrible; terrible D. terribly; terribly
6.Her hair is longer than _____.
A. mine B. me C. my D. I
7.The experiment was _____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
8._____ children there are in a family, _____their life will be.
A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the better
C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer
9.Beijing is becoming_____ and _____.
A. more beautiful; more B. beautiful; beautiful
C. more; more beautiful D. more beautiful; more beautiful
10._____ of the two boys is my brother.
A. Older B. The older C. The oldest D. Oldest
二、填空题
11.My sister is the same height as me.
My sister is _____ _____ _____ me.
12.Jack thinks Maths is _____ (interesting) than English. So he joins the English Club.
13.This house is _____ (beautiful) of all. So nobody likes it.
14.—It's one of the _____ (happy) things in the world to stay with friends.
—I agree. It always makes us relaxed.
15.David is _____ (tall) student in our class. Nobody is taller than him.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案:C
解析:考查比较级的用法。句意:这辆车是我们公司最便宜的车。你再也找不到比这更便宜的车了。否定词和比较级连用表示最高级。 不定冠词a修饰one(指代car)。
2.答案:C
解析:考查any与any other的辨析。句意:他比他班上的任何一个男生都要高。any表示范围外很多个中的“任意一个”;any other表示范围内很多个中的“任意一个”。故选C。
3.答案:A
解析:考查比较级的用法。of all the runners表示“在所有的跑步者中”,是在超过三个人之间作比较,故用最高级。
4.答案:B
解析:考查比较级的用法。句意:大卫的反应快于任何人,他赢得了比赛。根据“than”可知,此处用比较级。故选B。
5.答案:A
解析:考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意:多可怕的咳嗽啊!你好像病得很厉害。第一空用形容词,修饰后面的名词 cough(咳嗽);第二空用副词,修饰形容词ill。
6.答案:A
解析:考查代词词义辨析。这里是头发与头发间的比较。mine=my hair。故选 A。
7.答案:C
解析:考查比较级的用法。much可用来修饰比较级,表示“……得多”。 句意:实验比我们预想的容易得多。
8.答案:B
解析:考查比转级的用法。“the+比较级,the+比较级”是一个固定结构,表示“越……,越……”。句意:一个家庭中的孩子越少,他们的生活就越好。故选B。
9.答案:C
解析:考查比较级的用法。“比较级+ and+比较级”是一个固定结构, 表示“越来越……”。 若是多音节形容词则用“more and more+多音节形容词”。
10.答案:B
解析:考查比较级的用法。"of the two"表示两者之间做比较,要用比较级。并且比较级前要加定冠词the,表示特指。故选B。
二、填空题
11.答案:as tall as
12.答案:less interesting
13.答案:the least beautiful
14.答案:happiest
15.答案:the tallest
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