Unit 5 Into the wild using language 测试题（含答案）新外研版必修一
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| 名称 | Unit 5 Into the wild using language 测试题（含答案）新外研版必修一 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-14 13:18:53 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
book 1 unit 5 using language 测试题
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．There is a time ________ I have to depend on myself or a living.
2．The children grew up in an atmosphere ________everyone was friendly.
3．Beijing University, _________(found) in 1898, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
4．We are getting to the stage ________ everything seems to go wrong.
5．The reason ________ he resigned is known to us.
6．The accident has reached to the point ________ both their parents are to be called in.
7．Your mistake has put us in a situation ________ we will have to give in.
8．The reason________I recommend it to you is that the Chinese painting is of great________(valuable).
9．___________(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
10．There are alternative _________(source) of nutrition to animal meat. He has shared one view and I have expressed ____ alternative way of seeing it.
二、阅读理解
A
My first shopping in a general store was in Miss Bee’s when I spent the summer with my grandmother in New York.
“Go get them yourself” Miss Bee said, ignoring the shopping list held up before her nose. “I’m not your servant, so just get yourself a basket from that pile over there and start filing.”
It took me three wall-to-wall searches before I found the first item on my list―a pork can be placed between boxes of cereal and bread. Next up was toilet paper, found under the daily newspaper, and Band-Ads, found next to the face cream. The store was a puzzle, but it held some surprises too. I found a new Superman comic behind the peanut butter.
I visited Miss Bee a couple of times a week that summer. Some times she short-charged me. Other times she overcharged or sold mean old newspaper instead of a current one. Going to the store was more like going into battle. I left my Grandma’s house armed with my list—memorized to the letter—and marched into Miss Bee’s like General Patton (巴顿将军) marching into North Africa.
All summer long she found ways to trip me up. No sooner had I learned how to pronounce bicarbonate of soda (小苏打) and memorized its location on the shelf than Miss Bee rearranged the shelves and made me hunt for it all over again. By summer’s end, however, the shopping trip that had once taken mean hour was done in 15 minutes.
The morning I was to return to Brooklyn, I stopped into tell her that she was mean (刻薄的). To my amazement she laughed and said. “Well, I don’t care! Each of us is put on this earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet ten life lessons to help them. Think what you will, but when you get older you’ll be glad our paths crossed!”
I thought the idea was absurd until one day my daughter came to me with homework troubles.
“It’s too hard,” she said. “Could you finish my math problems for me ”
“If I do it for you, how will you ever learn to do it yourself ” I said.
Suddenly, I was back at that general store where I had learned the hard way totally up (结算) my bill along with the cashier. As my daughter went back to her homework, I wondered: Had Miss Bee really taught me something all those years ago I took out some scrap paper and started writing.
11．Why did the writer spend a long time doing her first shopping in the general store
A．She was too young to remember all the items on the list.
B．Miss Bee didn’t treat her kindly.
C．Her grandmother asked her to buy too many things.
D．The store was in disorder and she was not familiar with the shop.
12．What did the writer mean when comparing herself to “General Patton” in Paragraph 4
A．She was well prepared and full of confidence.
B．Going shopping in the store was a challenge to her.
C．She was very aggressive, taking Miss Bee as the enemy.
D．Going shopping was so fun that it was like playing a war game.
13．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 6 probably suggest
A．The writer would benefit from the experience of shopping in Miss Bee’s.
B．The writer would find shopping in Miss Bee’s store very interesting.
C．The writer would be happy to meet Miss Bee again later in life.
D．The writer would realize that Miss Bee could become her friend.
14．At the end of the story, the writer might write down the following EXCEPT .
A．Don’t be so quick to judge other people
B．The best teacher isn’t only in school
C．Stick to your dream whatever happens
D．Things can be learned in daily routines
B
Over the last two days in December last year, nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states——from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the Midwest. More than 100 tornado warnings were issued——the most ever for a day. The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people’s deaths, which was described as the worst in this state’s history.
As one of the largest countries in the world, the United States is also one of the most geographically various countries-from deserts to forests to miles of coast line. While this comes with many advantages, it unfortunately leaves the country easily damaged by all kinds of natural disasters.
Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters. The west coast is at risk of wildfires, earthquakes, and even volcanic eruptions. The southern part of the country is frequently hit by tornadoes, and the east coast faces the threat of serious hurricanes every year. Midwestern areas near rivers are often flooded by huge floods, and these are the worst floods in American history.
The governments reviewed the weather event in each state’s history that caused the highest number of deaths to determine the worst natural disaster in every state. Thanks to their location and geographic research, some states could prepare ahead of time to avoid mass-casualty(重大伤亡的)weather events.
However, many other parts of the country have been less fortunate, experiencing massive storms and floods. Many such events, like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galveston of Texas, killed so many people that it was impossible to get an exact number of final deaths, especially during that time.
American weather continues to become more changeable. In 2018, there were 14 weather events that caused over $1 billion in damage. And in many parts of the country, these weather events could become even more destructive(毁灭性的)because of global warming.
15．What do we know from the figures in paragraph 1
A．Less and less natural disasters hit America.
B．Tornadoes were the least threat to Americans.
C．The tornado in Kentucky was the worst in the world.
D．America suffered from serious natural disasters.
16．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The worst floods in American history.
B．The earthquakes in the west coast of US.
C．The natural disasters in different parts of US.
D．The hurricanes along the east coast of US.
17．Which of the following can best describe America’s weather in the future
A．Controllable. B．Worrying. C．Unchangeable. D．Pleasant.
18．What may be the best title for the text
A．Common Natural Disasters in the US
B．A Weather Report from the US
C．Tornadoes Causing Great Damage
D．A Serious Tornado in Kentucky
三、完形填空
Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a research team claim to have made progress in 19 the simplest kind of memory a mollusk (软体动物) might form, and, with a swift injection, managed to 20 one sea snail’s memory to another.
The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the 21 between brain cells, but in RNA molecules (分子), according to David Glanzman, a biologist at UCLA．To 22 the idea, Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks. The procedure made the animals so 23 that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely. Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake: the memory of the event causes a(n) 24 response to any loud noise. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman took RNA out from them and 25 it into new sea snails to see what would happen. He then found the new ones are 26 sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. According to Glanzman and his research team, the experiment shows that 27 parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells.
However, the work has not yet found widespread 28 . “Further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the 29 of such phenomena,” said Prof Vann at Cardiff University. “While a sea snail is a fantastic model, we must be very 30 in drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex.”
Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is 31 . “This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have doubt about it and I don’t think they’ve transplanted a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of change in the animal.”
32 , Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need: “In a field full of acceptance but lacking 33 , we need as many new ideas as possible.”
19．A．deleting B．disturbing C．refreshing D．understanding
20．A．transfer B．adjust C．compare D．relate
21．A．connections B．conflicts C．secrets D．distances
22．A．promote B．test C．eliminate D．impose
23．A．sensitive B．adaptable C．strong D．relaxed
24．A．necessary B．peaceful C．unconscious D．impossible
25．A．plunged B．invested C．translated D．injected
26．A．crazily B．dangerously C．scarcely D．equally
27．A．optional B．essential C．memorial D．virtual
28．A．association B．recognition C．innovation D．publication
29．A．depth B．application C．basis D．description
30．A．imaginative B．careful C．ambitious D．speedy
31．A．supported B．persuaded C．unappreciated D．unconvinced
32．A．Nevertheless B．Eventually C．For example D．As a result
33．A．expression B．likelihood C．suspicion D．disturbance
四、七选五
The cicada（蝉）has an interesting life cycle, but most of us only become aware of these insects in summer when they reach adulthood and begin their calls. 34 Some, like the Golden Emperor, have complicated songs. The summertime calls of the cicada are made by adult males to attract females. Their eggs are usually laid in scratches cut through the skin of the tree. Once it has been completed, the adults die.
When the eggs hatch, the larvae（幼虫）drop to the ground and live under the soil. 35 They spend as little as several months for some species or as long as several years for other species buried under ground, shedding（蜕下）their skin as they grow. They shed their skin for the last time to become adult cicadas with their wings. 36 A few days after coming out of the soil, the males call for mates and cycle begins again.
The Golden Emperor, whose call is quite different from others, is one of Australia's biggest and prettiest cicadas. 37 The Golden Emperor calls in groups, but getting to see one up close is very difficult as they fly away when approached. Also, as their breeding season progresses, they gradually move higher up the tree trunks. 38 The Golden Emperor is a delight just to listen to if you can't see the insect itself.
A．Not all cicadas have simple, loud noise.
B．This act makes their calls the only sign that they are still around.
C．The larvae attach themselves to tree roots and feed on their liquid.
D．When they have become mature, they come out of the soil as a group.
E．Their songs call on female to fly to them and fight for next generation.
F．If that happens, they will fly away and go to some place that they really love.
G．Their call starts with two notes and then rises sharply before it suddenly drops down.
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
If you go out to the fields at night in spring or summer, you can hear frogs singing 39 （happy）here and there. It seems as if they were performing a field symphony（交响）
The frog is a good and useful creature that benefits human beings. They can catch fast-moving 40 （insect）. Each frog eats a large number of pests（害虫）that are harmful to crops. This little creature is regarded 41 “the natural enemy of pests” But now frogs 42 （get）fewer and fewer. This is 43 they are killed and put on the table as a delicious dish by their chief enemy, human beings. It is a shameless and cruel act, isn’t it？
The cause that is 44 （responsibility）for the rapid reduction of frogs is that farmers use insecticide（杀虫剂）to kill pests and frogs get killed as a result of 45 （eat）poison-killed insects.
Something must be done as soon as possible 46 （save）frogs. If we don’t punish those 47 sell and kill frogs to make money, then one day all of us 48 （punish）by nature for failing to keep them.
参考答案：
1．when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有一段时间，我不得不依靠自己或生活。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。
2．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们在每个人都很友好的氛围中长大。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词atmosphere意为“氛围”，表示抽点地点，从句中缺地点状语，所以使用关系副词where，故填where。
3．founded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：北京大学创建于1898年，培养了许多杰出人物。分析句子结构可知found与逻辑主语Beijing University构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填founded。
4．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经到了一切似乎都出了问题的阶段。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，现行词是stage，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
5．why
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他辞职的原因我们都知道。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词reason进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词why。故填why。
6．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：事故已发展到他们的父母都要被叫去的地步。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为the point（抽象的地点），关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
7．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你的错误使我们处于不得不让步的境地。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是situation“场景”，关系词在定语作状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
8． why value
【详解】考查限制性定语从句和名词。句意：我之所以把这幅中国画推荐给你，是因为这中国画很有价值。The reason为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导从句；第二空考查固定短语of great value，意为“极具价值”，设空处应用名词value，作of的宾语。故填：①why；②value。
9．Founded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1905年革命后，该公司在莫斯科成立，最终于20世纪20年代末落户特拉维夫。分析句子可知，“(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution”作状语，found(成立)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the company之间是被动关系，且“found”这一动作已经完成，应用过去分词表示被动和完成；句首单词首字母大写。故填Founded。
10． sources an
【详解】考查名词和冠词。句意：除了动物肉，还有其他的营养来源。他赞同一种观点，而我表达了另一种看待它的方式。第一空需填名词作主语，source为可数名词，结合“are”可知，应填名词复数形式sources；第二空修饰可数名词way，需用不定冠词表示泛指，alternative发音以元音音素开头，需填不定冠词an。故填①sources；②an。
11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小时候作者去商店买东西时，商店主人Miss Bee总是重新摆放货架上的东西，让作者出丑，作者认为她很刻薄，但是多年后作者意识到Miss Bee并不像她所想的那样，反而她在日常生活中教会了作者一些东西。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“It took me three wall-to-wall searches before I found the first item on my list―a pork can be placed between boxes of cereal and bread. Next up was toilet paper, found under the daily newspaper, and Band-Ads, found next to the face cream. The store was a puzzle, but it held some surprises too. I found a new Superman comic behind the peanut butter. (我搜索了三个墙，我发现第一个物品在我的清单上——猪肉可以放在麦片和面包盒子之间。接下来是卫生纸，在日报下面找到的，还有邦迪广告，在面霜旁边找到的。商店是一个谜，但它也有一些惊喜。我在花生酱后面发现了一本新的超人漫画。)”可推知，这家商店杂乱无章，作者对这家商店不熟悉，这使得作者花了很长时间在杂货店里购物，故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Going to the store was more like going into battle. I left my Grandma’s house armed with my list—memorized to the letter—and marched into Miss Bee’s like General Patton (巴顿将军) marching into North Africa. (去商店更像是去打仗。我离开奶奶家的时候，手里拿着我的名单——一字不差地背下来——然后像巴顿将军（General Patton）进军北非一样，大步走进比小姐家。)”可知，作者将自己去商店买东西类比成General Patton进军北非打仗一样，由此可推知，去商店购物对于作者来说并不是件简单的事，即去商店购物对作者来说是个挑战。故选B。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线句子前文“To my amazement she laughed and said. “Well, I don’t care! Each of us is put on this earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet ten life lessons to help them. (令我惊讶的是，她笑着说。“好吧，我不在乎！我们每个人来到这个世界上都是有原因的。我相信我的工作就是教会我遇到的每一个孩子十个人生课程以此来帮助他们。)”和划线句子“Think what you will, but when you get older you’ll be glad our paths crossed!” (随你怎么想，等你长大了，你会很高兴我们相遇了！”)”可知，Miss Bee认为，每个人来到世界都是有原因的，她的工作就是教会她遇到的每一个孩子十个人生课程，以此来帮助他们。由此可推知，Miss Bee说“随你怎么想，等你长大了，你会很高兴我们相遇了！”这句话是在表明作者将从她身上学到一些东西，即受益，故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第六段中“To my amazement she laughed and said. “Well, I don’t care! Each of us is put on this earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet ten life lessons to help them. Think what you will, but when you get older you’ll be glad our paths crossed!” (令我惊讶的是，她笑着说。“好吧，我不在乎！我们每个人来到这个世界上都是有原因的。我相信我的工作就是教会我遇到的每一个孩子十个人生课程以此来帮助他们。随你怎么想，等你长大了，你会很高兴我们相遇了！”)”和最后一段中“Suddenly, I was back at that general store where I had learned the hard way totally up (结算) my bill along with the cashier. (突然，我又回想起了那家杂货店，在那里我学到了一条艰难的道路，那就是和收银员一起把账单全部结清。)”可知，小时候作者去商店买东西时，商店主人Miss Bee总是重新摆放货架上的东西，让作者出丑，作者认为她很刻薄，但是多年后作者意识到Miss Bee并不像她所想的那样，反而她在日常生活中教会了作者一些东西，由此可知，作者接下来可能会写Miss Bee教会她的一些东西，A“别这么快就评判别人”，B项“ 最好的老师不仅仅是在学校”和D项“在日常生活中可以学习一些东西”符合，C项“无论发生什么，都要坚持你的梦想”不符合，文章没有提到梦想，故选C。
15．D 16．C 17．B 18．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是由于美国地理多样化，不同地区每年遭受着不同的自然灾害。
15．细节理解题。根据首段“Over the last two days in December last year, nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states-from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the Midwest. More than 100 tornado warnings were issued-the most ever for a day. The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people’s deaths, which was described as the worst in this state’s history.(在去年12月的最后两天，近30次龙卷风在六个州造成了巨大破坏——从南部的阿肯色州到中西部的伊利诺伊州。发布了100多个龙卷风警告——这是一天以来最多的。肯塔基州的龙卷风造成至少50人死亡，这被描述为该州历史上最严重的龙卷风。)”可以看出，美国很多地区在每年都发生自然灾害，而且在自然灾害中损失很大，还有很多人员伤亡，由此可知，美国自然灾害严重。故选D项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的主题句“Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters.(美国不同地区面临不同类型的自然灾害。)”以及下文中讲述的不同地区发生的自然灾害可知，在美国。不同的地区面临着不同的自然灾害。故选C项。
17．推理判断题。根据尾段“American weather continues to become more changeable. In 2018, there were 14 weather events that caused over $1 billion in damage. And in many parts of the country, these weather events could become even more destructive(毁灭性的)because of global warming.(美国的天气继续变得更加多变。2018年，发生了14次极端天气事件，造成超过10亿美元的损失。在该国的许多地方，由于全球变暖，这些天气事件可能会变得更加具有破坏性。)”可知，美国的天气持续变得多变，而且很多地区在未来可能变的毁灭性更大，由此可以推断出，美国的未来天气令人担忧。故选B项。
18．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“As one of the largest countries in the world, the United States is also one of the most geographically various countries-from deserts to forests to miles of coast line. While this comes with many advantages, it unfortunately leaves the country easily damaged by all kinds of natural disasters.(作为世界上最大的国家之一，美国也是地理上最多样化的国家之一——从沙漠到森林再到数英里的海岸线。虽然这带来了许多好处，但不幸的是，它使该国很容易受到各种自然灾害的破坏。)”以及第三段的首句“Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters.(美国不同地区面临不同类型的自然灾害。)”可知，美国作为地理上最多样化的国家之一，给美国带来了很多的好处，但是这使得美国很容易受到各种自然灾难的破坏，结合下文中具体介绍的不同地区每年发生的不同的自然灾害及其破坏程度可知，本文讲的是美国常见的自然灾害。故选A项。
19．D 20．A 21．A 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．D 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. deleting删除；B. disturbing打扰；C. refreshing使恢复精神；D. understanding理解。由上文的“Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare”可知，句子表示“一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展”，故选D。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. transfer转移；B. adjust调整；C. compare比较；D. relate使有联系。由“one sea snail’s memory to another”可知，是将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上，故选A。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据加州大学洛杉矶分校的生物学家大卫·格兰兹曼的说法，在蜗牛中启动防御反应的那种记忆不是编码在脑细胞之间的连接中，而是编码在RNA分子中。A. connections连接；B. conflicts矛盾；C. secrets秘密；D. distances距离。由“between brain cells”和第9空后的“parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells”可知，此处是指脑细胞之间的连接，故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击。A. promote促进；B. test测试；C. eliminate消除；D. impose实施。由后文的“Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks”可知，为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击，故选B。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个过程使这些动物非常敏感，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的某些部位。A. sensitive敏感的；B. adaptable能适应的；C. strong强大的；D. relaxed放松的。由后文的“when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的某些部位，说明它们很敏感，故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼将这种反应比作地震后的紧张：对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应。A. necessary需要的；B. peaceful和平的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. impossible不可能的。由上文的“the memory of the event causes”和下文的“response to any loud noise”可知，对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应，故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对海螺进行敏感处理后，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，看看会发生什么。A. plunged猛推；B. invested投资；C. translated翻译；D. injected注射。由上文的“Glanzman took RNA out from them”和下文的“it into new sea snails to see what would happen”可知，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，故选D。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他发现新的海螺同样敏感，这表明电击的“记忆”被移植了。A. crazily疯狂地；B. dangerously危险地；C. scarcely几乎不；D. equally平等地。由下文的“the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted”和上文的“The procedure made the animals so__5__ that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，他发现新的海螺同样敏感，故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼和他的研究团队表示，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中。A. optional可选择的；B. essential必要的；C. memorial纪念的；D. virtual虚拟的。由后文的“parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells”可知，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中，故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可。A. association协会；B. recognition认可；C. innovation创新；D. publication出版。由后文的“Further work needs to be carried out”可知，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可，故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行进一步的研究，以确定这些现象是否明显，以及这些现象的基础是什么。A. depth深度；B. application应用；C. basis基础；D. description描述。由后文的“of such phenomena”可知，此处表示“这些现象的基础是什么”，故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然海蜗牛是一个神奇的模型，但我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，因为人类的记忆过程要复杂得多。A. imaginative富有想象力的；B. careful仔细的；C. ambitious雄心勃勃的；D. speedy快速的。由后文的“drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex”可知，我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：都柏林三一学院的托马斯·瑞恩对此表示怀疑。A. supported被支持的；B. persuaded被说服的；C. unappreciated未被欣赏的；D. unconvinced怀疑的。由下文的“I have doubt about it”可知，此处表示他对此是怀疑的，故选D。
32．考查副词词义和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，瑞安补充说，这种关于记忆的创造性思维是非常需要的。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Eventually最后；C. For example例如；D. As a result结果。由下文的“Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need”和上文的“I have doubt about it”可知，前后是转折关系，空格处是“然而”，故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域，我们需要尽可能多的新想法。A. expression表情；B. likelihood可能性；C. suspicion怀疑；D. disturbance干扰。由上文的“a field full of acceptance”可知，此处表示“一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域”，故选C。
34．A 35．C 36．D 37．G 38．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蝉的一生，其中专门介绍了澳大利亚的一种名叫Golden Emperor的蝉和其他蝉的不同之处。
34．根据下文Some, like the Golden Emperor, have complicated songs. 可知有些蝉可以发出复杂的声音，例如金皇大帝。A. Not all cicadas have simple, loud noise. 并非所有的蝉都发出简单、吵闹的声音。符合文意，选项中的simple与后句中的complicated形成对比，故选A项。
35．根据前文When the eggs hatch, the larvae（幼虫）drop to the ground and live under the soil.可知述蝉的幼虫由卵孵化后，就会生活在地下。C. The larvae attach themselves to tree roots and feed on their liquid.这些幼虫把他们自己附在树根上，并吸食树根的液体。符合文意，选项讲述了幼虫在地下生活的状态，larvae是关键词，故选C项。
36．根据前文They shed their skin for the last time to become adult cicadas with their wings.可知它们最后一次蜕皮，变成有翅膀的成年蝉。D.When they have become mature, they come out of the soil as a group. 当它们成年时，它们成群结队从土壤里出来。符合文意，选项中的mature和前文的adult是关键词，故选D项。
37．根据前文The Golden Emperor, whose call is quite different from others, is one of Australia's biggest and prettiest cicadas.可知金皇大帝是澳大利亚最大最漂亮的蝉，它们的叫声和其他蝉不一样。G.Their call starts with two notes and then rises sharply before it suddenly drops down. 它们的叫声以两个音符开始，然后急剧上升，再突然下降。符合文意，选项内容解释了前文中的quite different from others，故选G项。
38．根据前文Also, as their breeding season progresses, they gradually move higher up the tree trunks.可知随着繁殖季节的推进，它们会逐渐爬到树干的高处。B.This act makes their calls the only sign that they are still around. 这种行为让它们的叫声成为它们还在的唯一标志。符合文意，选项中的This act就是前文所提到的move higher up the tree trunks，故选B项。
【点睛】完成七选五的方法之一是利用关键词法，包括原词，同义词，和反义词。以本文为例：
第1小题答案中的simple与后句中的complicated是一对反义词
第2小题答案中的larvae和前文的larvae是原词
第3小题答案中的mature和前文中的adult是同义词
39．happily 40．insects 41．as 42．are getting 43．because 44．responsible 45．eating 46．to save 47．who 48．will be punished
【分析】本文为说明文。主要介绍了青蛙是一种有益的动物。但是由于人类的捕杀，现在青蛙越来越少了，所以我们必须尽快采取措施来拯救青蛙。
39．考查副词。此处修饰singing应用副词。故填happily
40．考查名词的数。句意：它们可以捕捉快速移动的昆虫。insect是可数名词，前面没有冠词，且根据句意可知，应使用复数形式。故填insects。
41．考查介词。be regarded as意为“被认为是……”，是固定搭配。故填as。
42．考查时态。句意：但是现在青蛙越来越少了。根据语境可知，此处应使用现在进行时，表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。故填are getting。
43．考查连词。句意：这是因为它们被它们的主要敌人——人类杀死，并作为一道美味佳肴摆上餐桌了。This is because...这是因为…故填because。
44．考查形容词。分析句子可知，is后面应跟形容词作表语。be responsible for“对…….负责”。故填responsible。
45．考查动名词。介词of后应接动名词形式。故填eating.
46．考查动词不定式。句意：为了拯救青蛙，必须刻不容缓地做些事情。不定式表目的。故填 to save。
47．考查定语从句。分析句式可知此处为定语从句，先行词是those“那些人”，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导。故填who。
48．考查时态和语态。根据If we don’t punish. .可知此处应用一般将来时，根据by可知此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be punished。
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book 1 unit 5 using language 测试题
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．There is a time ________ I have to depend on myself or a living.
2．The children grew up in an atmosphere ________everyone was friendly.
3．Beijing University, _________(found) in 1898, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
4．We are getting to the stage ________ everything seems to go wrong.
5．The reason ________ he resigned is known to us.
6．The accident has reached to the point ________ both their parents are to be called in.
7．Your mistake has put us in a situation ________ we will have to give in.
8．The reason________I recommend it to you is that the Chinese painting is of great________(valuable).
9．___________(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
10．There are alternative _________(source) of nutrition to animal meat. He has shared one view and I have expressed ____ alternative way of seeing it.
二、阅读理解
A
My first shopping in a general store was in Miss Bee’s when I spent the summer with my grandmother in New York.
“Go get them yourself” Miss Bee said, ignoring the shopping list held up before her nose. “I’m not your servant, so just get yourself a basket from that pile over there and start filing.”
It took me three wall-to-wall searches before I found the first item on my list―a pork can be placed between boxes of cereal and bread. Next up was toilet paper, found under the daily newspaper, and Band-Ads, found next to the face cream. The store was a puzzle, but it held some surprises too. I found a new Superman comic behind the peanut butter.
I visited Miss Bee a couple of times a week that summer. Some times she short-charged me. Other times she overcharged or sold mean old newspaper instead of a current one. Going to the store was more like going into battle. I left my Grandma’s house armed with my list—memorized to the letter—and marched into Miss Bee’s like General Patton (巴顿将军) marching into North Africa.
All summer long she found ways to trip me up. No sooner had I learned how to pronounce bicarbonate of soda (小苏打) and memorized its location on the shelf than Miss Bee rearranged the shelves and made me hunt for it all over again. By summer’s end, however, the shopping trip that had once taken mean hour was done in 15 minutes.
The morning I was to return to Brooklyn, I stopped into tell her that she was mean (刻薄的). To my amazement she laughed and said. “Well, I don’t care! Each of us is put on this earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet ten life lessons to help them. Think what you will, but when you get older you’ll be glad our paths crossed!”
I thought the idea was absurd until one day my daughter came to me with homework troubles.
“It’s too hard,” she said. “Could you finish my math problems for me ”
“If I do it for you, how will you ever learn to do it yourself ” I said.
Suddenly, I was back at that general store where I had learned the hard way totally up (结算) my bill along with the cashier. As my daughter went back to her homework, I wondered: Had Miss Bee really taught me something all those years ago I took out some scrap paper and started writing.
11．Why did the writer spend a long time doing her first shopping in the general store
A．She was too young to remember all the items on the list.
B．Miss Bee didn’t treat her kindly.
C．Her grandmother asked her to buy too many things.
D．The store was in disorder and she was not familiar with the shop.
12．What did the writer mean when comparing herself to “General Patton” in Paragraph 4
A．She was well prepared and full of confidence.
B．Going shopping in the store was a challenge to her.
C．She was very aggressive, taking Miss Bee as the enemy.
D．Going shopping was so fun that it was like playing a war game.
13．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 6 probably suggest
A．The writer would benefit from the experience of shopping in Miss Bee’s.
B．The writer would find shopping in Miss Bee’s store very interesting.
C．The writer would be happy to meet Miss Bee again later in life.
D．The writer would realize that Miss Bee could become her friend.
14．At the end of the story, the writer might write down the following EXCEPT .
A．Don’t be so quick to judge other people
B．The best teacher isn’t only in school
C．Stick to your dream whatever happens
D．Things can be learned in daily routines
B
Over the last two days in December last year, nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states——from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the Midwest. More than 100 tornado warnings were issued——the most ever for a day. The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people’s deaths, which was described as the worst in this state’s history.
As one of the largest countries in the world, the United States is also one of the most geographically various countries-from deserts to forests to miles of coast line. While this comes with many advantages, it unfortunately leaves the country easily damaged by all kinds of natural disasters.
Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters. The west coast is at risk of wildfires, earthquakes, and even volcanic eruptions. The southern part of the country is frequently hit by tornadoes, and the east coast faces the threat of serious hurricanes every year. Midwestern areas near rivers are often flooded by huge floods, and these are the worst floods in American history.
The governments reviewed the weather event in each state’s history that caused the highest number of deaths to determine the worst natural disaster in every state. Thanks to their location and geographic research, some states could prepare ahead of time to avoid mass-casualty(重大伤亡的)weather events.
However, many other parts of the country have been less fortunate, experiencing massive storms and floods. Many such events, like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galveston of Texas, killed so many people that it was impossible to get an exact number of final deaths, especially during that time.
American weather continues to become more changeable. In 2018, there were 14 weather events that caused over $1 billion in damage. And in many parts of the country, these weather events could become even more destructive(毁灭性的)because of global warming.
15．What do we know from the figures in paragraph 1
A．Less and less natural disasters hit America.
B．Tornadoes were the least threat to Americans.
C．The tornado in Kentucky was the worst in the world.
D．America suffered from serious natural disasters.
16．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The worst floods in American history.
B．The earthquakes in the west coast of US.
C．The natural disasters in different parts of US.
D．The hurricanes along the east coast of US.
17．Which of the following can best describe America’s weather in the future
A．Controllable. B．Worrying. C．Unchangeable. D．Pleasant.
18．What may be the best title for the text
A．Common Natural Disasters in the US
B．A Weather Report from the US
C．Tornadoes Causing Great Damage
D．A Serious Tornado in Kentucky
三、完形填空
Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a research team claim to have made progress in 19 the simplest kind of memory a mollusk (软体动物) might form, and, with a swift injection, managed to 20 one sea snail’s memory to another.
The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the 21 between brain cells, but in RNA molecules (分子), according to David Glanzman, a biologist at UCLA．To 22 the idea, Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks. The procedure made the animals so 23 that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely. Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake: the memory of the event causes a(n) 24 response to any loud noise. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman took RNA out from them and 25 it into new sea snails to see what would happen. He then found the new ones are 26 sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. According to Glanzman and his research team, the experiment shows that 27 parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells.
However, the work has not yet found widespread 28 . “Further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the 29 of such phenomena,” said Prof Vann at Cardiff University. “While a sea snail is a fantastic model, we must be very 30 in drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex.”
Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is 31 . “This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have doubt about it and I don’t think they’ve transplanted a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of change in the animal.”
32 , Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need: “In a field full of acceptance but lacking 33 , we need as many new ideas as possible.”
19．A．deleting B．disturbing C．refreshing D．understanding
20．A．transfer B．adjust C．compare D．relate
21．A．connections B．conflicts C．secrets D．distances
22．A．promote B．test C．eliminate D．impose
23．A．sensitive B．adaptable C．strong D．relaxed
24．A．necessary B．peaceful C．unconscious D．impossible
25．A．plunged B．invested C．translated D．injected
26．A．crazily B．dangerously C．scarcely D．equally
27．A．optional B．essential C．memorial D．virtual
28．A．association B．recognition C．innovation D．publication
29．A．depth B．application C．basis D．description
30．A．imaginative B．careful C．ambitious D．speedy
31．A．supported B．persuaded C．unappreciated D．unconvinced
32．A．Nevertheless B．Eventually C．For example D．As a result
33．A．expression B．likelihood C．suspicion D．disturbance
四、七选五
The cicada（蝉）has an interesting life cycle, but most of us only become aware of these insects in summer when they reach adulthood and begin their calls. 34 Some, like the Golden Emperor, have complicated songs. The summertime calls of the cicada are made by adult males to attract females. Their eggs are usually laid in scratches cut through the skin of the tree. Once it has been completed, the adults die.
When the eggs hatch, the larvae（幼虫）drop to the ground and live under the soil. 35 They spend as little as several months for some species or as long as several years for other species buried under ground, shedding（蜕下）their skin as they grow. They shed their skin for the last time to become adult cicadas with their wings. 36 A few days after coming out of the soil, the males call for mates and cycle begins again.
The Golden Emperor, whose call is quite different from others, is one of Australia's biggest and prettiest cicadas. 37 The Golden Emperor calls in groups, but getting to see one up close is very difficult as they fly away when approached. Also, as their breeding season progresses, they gradually move higher up the tree trunks. 38 The Golden Emperor is a delight just to listen to if you can't see the insect itself.
A．Not all cicadas have simple, loud noise.
B．This act makes their calls the only sign that they are still around.
C．The larvae attach themselves to tree roots and feed on their liquid.
D．When they have become mature, they come out of the soil as a group.
E．Their songs call on female to fly to them and fight for next generation.
F．If that happens, they will fly away and go to some place that they really love.
G．Their call starts with two notes and then rises sharply before it suddenly drops down.
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
If you go out to the fields at night in spring or summer, you can hear frogs singing 39 （happy）here and there. It seems as if they were performing a field symphony（交响）
The frog is a good and useful creature that benefits human beings. They can catch fast-moving 40 （insect）. Each frog eats a large number of pests（害虫）that are harmful to crops. This little creature is regarded 41 “the natural enemy of pests” But now frogs 42 （get）fewer and fewer. This is 43 they are killed and put on the table as a delicious dish by their chief enemy, human beings. It is a shameless and cruel act, isn’t it？
The cause that is 44 （responsibility）for the rapid reduction of frogs is that farmers use insecticide（杀虫剂）to kill pests and frogs get killed as a result of 45 （eat）poison-killed insects.
Something must be done as soon as possible 46 （save）frogs. If we don’t punish those 47 sell and kill frogs to make money, then one day all of us 48 （punish）by nature for failing to keep them.
参考答案：
1．when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有一段时间，我不得不依靠自己或生活。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。
2．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们在每个人都很友好的氛围中长大。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词atmosphere意为“氛围”，表示抽点地点，从句中缺地点状语，所以使用关系副词where，故填where。
3．founded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：北京大学创建于1898年，培养了许多杰出人物。分析句子结构可知found与逻辑主语Beijing University构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填founded。
4．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经到了一切似乎都出了问题的阶段。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，现行词是stage，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
5．why
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他辞职的原因我们都知道。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词reason进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词why。故填why。
6．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：事故已发展到他们的父母都要被叫去的地步。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为the point（抽象的地点），关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
7．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你的错误使我们处于不得不让步的境地。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是situation“场景”，关系词在定语作状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
8． why value
【详解】考查限制性定语从句和名词。句意：我之所以把这幅中国画推荐给你，是因为这中国画很有价值。The reason为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导从句；第二空考查固定短语of great value，意为“极具价值”，设空处应用名词value，作of的宾语。故填：①why；②value。
9．Founded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1905年革命后，该公司在莫斯科成立，最终于20世纪20年代末落户特拉维夫。分析句子可知，“(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution”作状语，found(成立)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the company之间是被动关系，且“found”这一动作已经完成，应用过去分词表示被动和完成；句首单词首字母大写。故填Founded。
10． sources an
【详解】考查名词和冠词。句意：除了动物肉，还有其他的营养来源。他赞同一种观点，而我表达了另一种看待它的方式。第一空需填名词作主语，source为可数名词，结合“are”可知，应填名词复数形式sources；第二空修饰可数名词way，需用不定冠词表示泛指，alternative发音以元音音素开头，需填不定冠词an。故填①sources；②an。
11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小时候作者去商店买东西时，商店主人Miss Bee总是重新摆放货架上的东西，让作者出丑，作者认为她很刻薄，但是多年后作者意识到Miss Bee并不像她所想的那样，反而她在日常生活中教会了作者一些东西。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“It took me three wall-to-wall searches before I found the first item on my list―a pork can be placed between boxes of cereal and bread. Next up was toilet paper, found under the daily newspaper, and Band-Ads, found next to the face cream. The store was a puzzle, but it held some surprises too. I found a new Superman comic behind the peanut butter. (我搜索了三个墙，我发现第一个物品在我的清单上——猪肉可以放在麦片和面包盒子之间。接下来是卫生纸，在日报下面找到的，还有邦迪广告，在面霜旁边找到的。商店是一个谜，但它也有一些惊喜。我在花生酱后面发现了一本新的超人漫画。)”可推知，这家商店杂乱无章，作者对这家商店不熟悉，这使得作者花了很长时间在杂货店里购物，故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Going to the store was more like going into battle. I left my Grandma’s house armed with my list—memorized to the letter—and marched into Miss Bee’s like General Patton (巴顿将军) marching into North Africa. (去商店更像是去打仗。我离开奶奶家的时候，手里拿着我的名单——一字不差地背下来——然后像巴顿将军（General Patton）进军北非一样，大步走进比小姐家。)”可知，作者将自己去商店买东西类比成General Patton进军北非打仗一样，由此可推知，去商店购物对于作者来说并不是件简单的事，即去商店购物对作者来说是个挑战。故选B。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线句子前文“To my amazement she laughed and said. “Well, I don’t care! Each of us is put on this earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet ten life lessons to help them. (令我惊讶的是，她笑着说。“好吧，我不在乎！我们每个人来到这个世界上都是有原因的。我相信我的工作就是教会我遇到的每一个孩子十个人生课程以此来帮助他们。)”和划线句子“Think what you will, but when you get older you’ll be glad our paths crossed!” (随你怎么想，等你长大了，你会很高兴我们相遇了！”)”可知，Miss Bee认为，每个人来到世界都是有原因的，她的工作就是教会她遇到的每一个孩子十个人生课程，以此来帮助他们。由此可推知，Miss Bee说“随你怎么想，等你长大了，你会很高兴我们相遇了！”这句话是在表明作者将从她身上学到一些东西，即受益，故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第六段中“To my amazement she laughed and said. “Well, I don’t care! Each of us is put on this earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet ten life lessons to help them. Think what you will, but when you get older you’ll be glad our paths crossed!” (令我惊讶的是，她笑着说。“好吧，我不在乎！我们每个人来到这个世界上都是有原因的。我相信我的工作就是教会我遇到的每一个孩子十个人生课程以此来帮助他们。随你怎么想，等你长大了，你会很高兴我们相遇了！”)”和最后一段中“Suddenly, I was back at that general store where I had learned the hard way totally up (结算) my bill along with the cashier. (突然，我又回想起了那家杂货店，在那里我学到了一条艰难的道路，那就是和收银员一起把账单全部结清。)”可知，小时候作者去商店买东西时，商店主人Miss Bee总是重新摆放货架上的东西，让作者出丑，作者认为她很刻薄，但是多年后作者意识到Miss Bee并不像她所想的那样，反而她在日常生活中教会了作者一些东西，由此可知，作者接下来可能会写Miss Bee教会她的一些东西，A“别这么快就评判别人”，B项“ 最好的老师不仅仅是在学校”和D项“在日常生活中可以学习一些东西”符合，C项“无论发生什么，都要坚持你的梦想”不符合，文章没有提到梦想，故选C。
15．D 16．C 17．B 18．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是由于美国地理多样化，不同地区每年遭受着不同的自然灾害。
15．细节理解题。根据首段“Over the last two days in December last year, nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states-from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the Midwest. More than 100 tornado warnings were issued-the most ever for a day. The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people’s deaths, which was described as the worst in this state’s history.(在去年12月的最后两天，近30次龙卷风在六个州造成了巨大破坏——从南部的阿肯色州到中西部的伊利诺伊州。发布了100多个龙卷风警告——这是一天以来最多的。肯塔基州的龙卷风造成至少50人死亡，这被描述为该州历史上最严重的龙卷风。)”可以看出，美国很多地区在每年都发生自然灾害，而且在自然灾害中损失很大，还有很多人员伤亡，由此可知，美国自然灾害严重。故选D项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的主题句“Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters.(美国不同地区面临不同类型的自然灾害。)”以及下文中讲述的不同地区发生的自然灾害可知，在美国。不同的地区面临着不同的自然灾害。故选C项。
17．推理判断题。根据尾段“American weather continues to become more changeable. In 2018, there were 14 weather events that caused over $1 billion in damage. And in many parts of the country, these weather events could become even more destructive(毁灭性的)because of global warming.(美国的天气继续变得更加多变。2018年，发生了14次极端天气事件，造成超过10亿美元的损失。在该国的许多地方，由于全球变暖，这些天气事件可能会变得更加具有破坏性。)”可知，美国的天气持续变得多变，而且很多地区在未来可能变的毁灭性更大，由此可以推断出，美国的未来天气令人担忧。故选B项。
18．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“As one of the largest countries in the world, the United States is also one of the most geographically various countries-from deserts to forests to miles of coast line. While this comes with many advantages, it unfortunately leaves the country easily damaged by all kinds of natural disasters.(作为世界上最大的国家之一，美国也是地理上最多样化的国家之一——从沙漠到森林再到数英里的海岸线。虽然这带来了许多好处，但不幸的是，它使该国很容易受到各种自然灾害的破坏。)”以及第三段的首句“Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters.(美国不同地区面临不同类型的自然灾害。)”可知，美国作为地理上最多样化的国家之一，给美国带来了很多的好处，但是这使得美国很容易受到各种自然灾难的破坏，结合下文中具体介绍的不同地区每年发生的不同的自然灾害及其破坏程度可知，本文讲的是美国常见的自然灾害。故选A项。
19．D 20．A 21．A 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．D 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. deleting删除；B. disturbing打扰；C. refreshing使恢复精神；D. understanding理解。由上文的“Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare”可知，句子表示“一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展”，故选D。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. transfer转移；B. adjust调整；C. compare比较；D. relate使有联系。由“one sea snail’s memory to another”可知，是将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上，故选A。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据加州大学洛杉矶分校的生物学家大卫·格兰兹曼的说法，在蜗牛中启动防御反应的那种记忆不是编码在脑细胞之间的连接中，而是编码在RNA分子中。A. connections连接；B. conflicts矛盾；C. secrets秘密；D. distances距离。由“between brain cells”和第9空后的“parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells”可知，此处是指脑细胞之间的连接，故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击。A. promote促进；B. test测试；C. eliminate消除；D. impose实施。由后文的“Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks”可知，为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击，故选B。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个过程使这些动物非常敏感，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的某些部位。A. sensitive敏感的；B. adaptable能适应的；C. strong强大的；D. relaxed放松的。由后文的“when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的某些部位，说明它们很敏感，故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼将这种反应比作地震后的紧张：对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应。A. necessary需要的；B. peaceful和平的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. impossible不可能的。由上文的“the memory of the event causes”和下文的“response to any loud noise”可知，对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应，故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对海螺进行敏感处理后，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，看看会发生什么。A. plunged猛推；B. invested投资；C. translated翻译；D. injected注射。由上文的“Glanzman took RNA out from them”和下文的“it into new sea snails to see what would happen”可知，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，故选D。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他发现新的海螺同样敏感，这表明电击的“记忆”被移植了。A. crazily疯狂地；B. dangerously危险地；C. scarcely几乎不；D. equally平等地。由下文的“the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted”和上文的“The procedure made the animals so__5__ that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，他发现新的海螺同样敏感，故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼和他的研究团队表示，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中。A. optional可选择的；B. essential必要的；C. memorial纪念的；D. virtual虚拟的。由后文的“parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells”可知，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中，故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可。A. association协会；B. recognition认可；C. innovation创新；D. publication出版。由后文的“Further work needs to be carried out”可知，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可，故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行进一步的研究，以确定这些现象是否明显，以及这些现象的基础是什么。A. depth深度；B. application应用；C. basis基础；D. description描述。由后文的“of such phenomena”可知，此处表示“这些现象的基础是什么”，故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然海蜗牛是一个神奇的模型，但我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，因为人类的记忆过程要复杂得多。A. imaginative富有想象力的；B. careful仔细的；C. ambitious雄心勃勃的；D. speedy快速的。由后文的“drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex”可知，我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：都柏林三一学院的托马斯·瑞恩对此表示怀疑。A. supported被支持的；B. persuaded被说服的；C. unappreciated未被欣赏的；D. unconvinced怀疑的。由下文的“I have doubt about it”可知，此处表示他对此是怀疑的，故选D。
32．考查副词词义和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，瑞安补充说，这种关于记忆的创造性思维是非常需要的。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Eventually最后；C. For example例如；D. As a result结果。由下文的“Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need”和上文的“I have doubt about it”可知，前后是转折关系，空格处是“然而”，故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域，我们需要尽可能多的新想法。A. expression表情；B. likelihood可能性；C. suspicion怀疑；D. disturbance干扰。由上文的“a field full of acceptance”可知，此处表示“一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域”，故选C。
34．A 35．C 36．D 37．G 38．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蝉的一生，其中专门介绍了澳大利亚的一种名叫Golden Emperor的蝉和其他蝉的不同之处。
34．根据下文Some, like the Golden Emperor, have complicated songs. 可知有些蝉可以发出复杂的声音，例如金皇大帝。A. Not all cicadas have simple, loud noise. 并非所有的蝉都发出简单、吵闹的声音。符合文意，选项中的simple与后句中的complicated形成对比，故选A项。
35．根据前文When the eggs hatch, the larvae（幼虫）drop to the ground and live under the soil.可知述蝉的幼虫由卵孵化后，就会生活在地下。C. The larvae attach themselves to tree roots and feed on their liquid.这些幼虫把他们自己附在树根上，并吸食树根的液体。符合文意，选项讲述了幼虫在地下生活的状态，larvae是关键词，故选C项。
36．根据前文They shed their skin for the last time to become adult cicadas with their wings.可知它们最后一次蜕皮，变成有翅膀的成年蝉。D.When they have become mature, they come out of the soil as a group. 当它们成年时，它们成群结队从土壤里出来。符合文意，选项中的mature和前文的adult是关键词，故选D项。
37．根据前文The Golden Emperor, whose call is quite different from others, is one of Australia's biggest and prettiest cicadas.可知金皇大帝是澳大利亚最大最漂亮的蝉，它们的叫声和其他蝉不一样。G.Their call starts with two notes and then rises sharply before it suddenly drops down. 它们的叫声以两个音符开始，然后急剧上升，再突然下降。符合文意，选项内容解释了前文中的quite different from others，故选G项。
38．根据前文Also, as their breeding season progresses, they gradually move higher up the tree trunks.可知随着繁殖季节的推进，它们会逐渐爬到树干的高处。B.This act makes their calls the only sign that they are still around. 这种行为让它们的叫声成为它们还在的唯一标志。符合文意，选项中的This act就是前文所提到的move higher up the tree trunks，故选B项。
【点睛】完成七选五的方法之一是利用关键词法，包括原词，同义词，和反义词。以本文为例：
第1小题答案中的simple与后句中的complicated是一对反义词
第2小题答案中的larvae和前文的larvae是原词
第3小题答案中的mature和前文中的adult是同义词
39．happily 40．insects 41．as 42．are getting 43．because 44．responsible 45．eating 46．to save 47．who 48．will be punished
【分析】本文为说明文。主要介绍了青蛙是一种有益的动物。但是由于人类的捕杀，现在青蛙越来越少了，所以我们必须尽快采取措施来拯救青蛙。
39．考查副词。此处修饰singing应用副词。故填happily
40．考查名词的数。句意：它们可以捕捉快速移动的昆虫。insect是可数名词，前面没有冠词，且根据句意可知，应使用复数形式。故填insects。
41．考查介词。be regarded as意为“被认为是……”，是固定搭配。故填as。
42．考查时态。句意：但是现在青蛙越来越少了。根据语境可知，此处应使用现在进行时，表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。故填are getting。
43．考查连词。句意：这是因为它们被它们的主要敌人——人类杀死，并作为一道美味佳肴摆上餐桌了。This is because...这是因为…故填because。
44．考查形容词。分析句子可知，is后面应跟形容词作表语。be responsible for“对…….负责”。故填responsible。
45．考查动名词。介词of后应接动名词形式。故填eating.
46．考查动词不定式。句意：为了拯救青蛙，必须刻不容缓地做些事情。不定式表目的。故填 to save。
47．考查定语从句。分析句式可知此处为定语从句，先行词是those“那些人”，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导。故填who。
48．考查时态和语态。根据If we don’t punish. .可知此处应用一般将来时，根据by可知此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be punished。
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