Unit 6 At one with nature developing ideas 测试题（含答案）新外研版必修一
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| 名称 | Unit 6 At one with nature developing ideas 测试题（含答案）新外研版必修一 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-14 13:20:01 | ||
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book1 unit 6 developing ideas 测试题
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．With so much homework to do, the freshman’s playtime is now very ________.(limitation)
2．Our committee works hand in hand with other ________(branch) of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.
3．The organization has very ________(limit) resources.
4．We should make wise use of natural ________(resource) because they are ________(limit).
5．In recent years, ________ (rent) clothes has become an increasingly popular trend among people of all ages.
6．The amount of money we have is so ________ that we can’t buy the new house. (limit)
7．Xiamen enjoys a ___________ (please) climate, which is mild all year round.
8．_________ (publish) their researches in journals, scientists have to work hard and even without financial reward.
9．What I didn't realize was that my first ____(publish) story would open several doors.
10．Much time spent ______________(sit) at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
二、阅读理解
Bubble tea(珍珠奶茶 ), also called boba, is becoming harder to find as the COVID-19-related shortage takes hold. The blockage of the Suez Canal by a large cargo ship in March 2021 is causing delays in the global supply chain, which is a big part of the reasons for the shortage.
“This is an industry-wide shortage,” the owners of Hayward, California-based US Boba Company said on their Boba Guys Instagram page. “Some boba shops are already out. Others will be out in the next few weeks. 99% of boba comes from overseas. ”
Oliver Yoon, vice-president of sales and marketing for Boba Tea Direct, a Chicago-based nationwide supplier of bubble tea products, told Business Insider that the shortage started about a month ago and wasn’t likely to end until the end of April at the earliest.
Alex Ou, owner of Tea & Others in San Francisco, said that 70% of her customers prefer boba drinks. “Some people will not buy drinks if we’re out of boba,” Ou said. “They’re simply here for the boba.”
“We have storehouses on both East and West Coast, so compared with other boba brands, there is little impact on us,” said Mai Shi, manager of Kung Fu Tea. “From this industry-wide shortage, we see the increasing demand for the entire bubble tea category as people want fresh, made-to-order drinks. We are using this as an opportunity to improve our products to attract more customers,” she said.
And despite the shortage, Kung Fu Tea is still planning to celebrate its annual National Bubble Tea Day when it gives its app users a free drink with a $ 4 credit to use on their next order.
11．What is the main reason for the boba shortage
A．The popularity of boba. B．The rising cost of shipping.
C．The lack of proper storehouses. D．The traffic jams on the Suez Canal.
12．What can be inferred from Alex Ou’s words
A．The demand for boba is increasing. B．The boba shortage will last for a while.
C．Boba is popular among its customers. D．The boba shortage leads to a loss of 70% of the customers.
13．What is Mai Shi’s attitude towards the future of bubble tea products
A．Positive. B．Cautious.
C．Indifferent. D．Worried.
14．What will Kung Fu Tea do for its National Bubble Tea Day
A．Offer its customers free refills. B．Replace boba with other drinks.
C．Hand out free drinks to its app users. D．Run advertisements with a wider reach.
三、七选五
Fruits and vegetables bring some pretty attractive benefits to our human bodies. Evidence shows that, when consumed daily, they can help reduce the risk of diseases, including heart disease and some cancers. There’s also some research to suggest they may protect against type-2 diabetes. 15
While most fruits come ready to eat, vegetables usually get some sort of cooking before they reach your plate. 16 So, if you’re going to cook the vegetable, what’s the most nutritious way to do it
One Chinese study compared the effects of five cooking methods on the nutrient levels in broccoli. The researchers found that, except for steaming, all cooking methods led to significant losses of vitamin C．
17 Spanish researchers tested the effects of different cooking methods on 20 types of vegetables. While there were variations according to the type of vegetables, overall, results showed that putting the vegetables in water led to the greatest nutrient losses. That is to say, boiling isn’t the best bet if you want to preserve those precious nutrients.
As ever, there are a few exceptions. 18 One study found that cooking tomatoes for 30 minutes increased lycopene levels by 35%.
A 2017 study also found that frozen vegetables preserved more nutrients than fresh ones that had been kept in the fridge for five days. 19 If you’re not eating them within a couple of days, adding frozen products to your shopping list could serve you well.
A．So, how you store vegetables counts, too.
B．This matters, because cooking affects nutrient levels.
C．According to this, we should find out the best cooking method.
D．Some nutrients tend to be more available when boiled for a longer period.
E．However, the way you prepare your vegetables actually affects the benefits.
F．Other studies have investigated the impact of cooking on a broader range of vegetables.
G．However, evidence showed that some fresh vegetables can be preserved for a longer time.
四、完形填空
When you eat something really sour, there is something that can’t be ignored. It is the 20 that isn’t limited to your tongue. An especially sour bite has a way of making your entire face 21 into a look of discomfort. If you can’t 22 puckering (撅起) your mouth when you lick a lemon or snack on Sour Patch Kids, you can thank evolution.
That unmistakable sour flavor that stimulate your taste buds is a product that acids release when they combine with saliva (唾液) . When your mouth 23 this sign of acid, it lets you know in a dramatic way. Your taste receptors 24 and your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science.
Your tongue’s reactions to bitter or spicy foods are rejection 25 as well. Many plants found in nature with these 26 are poisonous, and your body’s strong reaction is its way of protecting you from harm. Sourness 27 naturally in fruits like citrus (柑橘), but it can be a warning of food-borne illness in many cases. 28 fruits and dairy products contain acid, which gives them a sour taste too.
It’s hard to ignore the sour flavor of what you’re eating when it twists your entire facial expression. This reaction isn’t necessarily enough to help someone who has already taken a bite of a bad apple, but it may protect the people they’re with. When our early human ancestors hunted for food, a sudden twisted face may have 29 that whatever that person put in their mouth wasn’t good to eat.
The pucker response to 30 flavors helped early humans avoid getting sick, but it doesn’t stop us from eating this kind of food today. The flavor is so sought after that there’s an entire candy market 31 to maximizing it in processed products. So why do we love to eat the very thing that our face and tongue warns us might kill us
The answer is 32 taste. Humans don’t naturally desire bitter, spicy, or sour foods, but foods with these characteristics are important components of a nutritious diet. 33 loving these flavors from birth, we’re conditioned to enjoy them through repeated exposure. By becoming familiar with the taste via our peers and family members, humans 34 learn which sour (and bitter and spicy) foods are healthy and which are potentially harmful.
Though we rely on the sense every day, taste doesn’t work exactly how you may assume.
20．A．challenge B．panic C．sensation D．impression
21．A．adjust B．perceive C．react D．contract
22．A．decline B．insist C．persist D．resist
23．A．distinguishes B．detects C．identifies D．encounters
24．A．take up B．light up C．get across D．bring down
25．A．responses B．impairments C．preferences D．guarantees
26．A．bitterness B．declines C．flavors D．textures
27．A．puts up B．picks up C．stays up D．shows up
28．A．Ripe B．Raw C．Spoiled D．Purchased
29．A．proved B．confessed C．communicated D．displayed
30．A．salty B．bitter C．spicy D．sour
31．A．ceased B．deserved C．desired D．devoted
32．A．acquired B．born C．gained D．undeveloped
33．A．Apart from B．Thanks to C．Instead of D．Regardless of
34．A．gradually B．faithfully C．barely D．respectively
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
The Yellow River is not just a long and winding icon of China, but also a symbol of the Chinese spirit. As the second 35 (long) river in China, it flows from west to east through nine provinces and autonomous regions. The river 36 (admire) by great poets and artists for thousands of years, 37 their words and melodies telling of the spirit of the Yellow River and Chinese people.
The Yangtze River Protection Law, taking effect on March 1, 2021, ensures that people can benefit from it for centuries 38 (come). For example, Dongying, a city in Shandong Province, is now making use of its ecological 39 (resource) including wetland bird habitats and other unique river landscapes to transform 40 (it) into a tourism destination focusing on Yellow River culture.
In 2021, visitors made 16.46 million trips to Dongying, 41 (generate) tourism revenue (税收) of 17.11 billion yuan. One hot spot in the city, especially after the sun sets, is the Yellow River Fair, 42 open-air market which attracts visitors from home and abroad.
In Dongying, 43 the Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea, tourists can enjoy the extraordinary scenery. Moreover, they may also gain more insight into the Chinese concept of green civilization (文明) 44 see the Yellow River’s evolution from a “disaster river” to a “stream of good luck”.
六、读后续写
45．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Nilsa stared at the clock on the classroom wall, daydreaming about lunch. Her mother had prepared a thermos (保温瓶) full of sancocho. It was one of Nilsa’s favorite dishes, and the national dish of Panama — a country in central America and the hometown of Nilsa’s family. Just thinking about sancocho made her mouth water.
Finally, it was time for lunch. Nilsa carefully poured some sancocho into a bowl. When she looked up, she saw her classmates staring.
“What is that It smells really bad,” said Gus, covering his nose. “It’s sancocho,” Nilsa responded. “It’s kind of like chicken soup.” Codi glanced at the bowl and said, “Soup It’s more like a science experiment.” He laughed, pointed to his lunch, and asked, “That’s one weird lunch. Why don’t you eat something normal, like pizza ”
Nilsa looked at everyone else’s lunches: pizza, fries, and sandwiches. Suddenly she didn’t feel hungry any more.
When Nilsa returned home and complained about her classmates’ negative comments, her mother wasn’t mad. Instead, she listened attentively and reminded Nilsa that there is no such thing as “normal” or “weird” food, and that different cultures have their own unique dishes that are loved and appreciated by those who grew up with them.
Nilsa’s mother also suggested making a fresh batch for Nilsa to bring to school the next day. “Then you can share it with your classmates and tell them sancocho tastes great, and that our family has been eating it for hundreds of years. Your great-grandmother taught your grandmother who then taught me.
Nilsa nodded in excitement, and she was grateful for the opportunity to share her favorite dish with her classmates.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day at lunch, Nilsa pulled out her thermos.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When Nilsa returned home and greeted her mother that day, her happiness was beyond description.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有这么多作业要做，大一新生的游戏时间现在非常有限。空处需要形容词作表语。limitation为名词，其形容词形式为limited“有限的”。故填limited。
2．branches
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的委员会与其他政府部门携手合作，确保以环保的方式执行发展策略。根据句意可知，空处用名词作宾语，表示“政府的其他部门”，不止一个部门，用名词复数。故填branches。
3．limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个组织的资源非常有限。修饰后文名词resources应用形容词limited，作定语。故填limited。
4． resources limited
【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：我们应该合理利用自然资源，因为它们是有限的。形容词修饰名词，空一用名词作宾语，根据句意用复数；空二作表语用形容词limited“有限的”，故填①resources②limited。
5．renting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，租衣服在各个年龄段的人们中越来越流行。作句子的主语应用动名词形式，故填renting。
6．limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的钱有限，买不起新房子。空处应填形容词作表语，limited有限的，形容词，故填limited。
7．pleasing/pleasant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：厦门气候宜人，终年温和。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，“please”为动词，“climate”指物，故空格处应用“pleasing”，意为“令人愉悦的”，形容词词性，修饰物，或用“pleasant”，意为“宜人的”，形容词词性，修饰物。故填pleasing/pleasant。
8．To publish
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在期刊上发表他们的研究成果，科学家们必须努力工作，甚至没有经济报酬。设空处为目的状语，应用动词不定式to publish，设空处在句首，to的首字母要大写。故填To publish。
9．published
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我没有意识到的是，我发表的第一个故事会为我打开好几扇门。publish与story之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填published。
10．sitting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间坐在办公桌前，公司职员一般会受到健康问题的困扰。此空在句中是非谓语动词做宾语，因固定短语spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故填sitting。
11．D 12．C 13．A 14．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是一艘大型货船堵塞苏伊士运河，导致全球珍珠奶茶出现供不应求的局面。
11．细节理解题。根据首段中的“The blockage of the Suez Canal by a large cargo ship in March 2021 is causing delays in the global supply chain, which is a big part of the reasons for the shortage.(2021年3月，一艘大型货船堵塞苏伊士运河，导致全球供应链延迟，这是造成短缺的一个重要原因。)”可知，一艘大船堵塞了苏伊士运河，造成珍珠奶茶供应短缺的重要原因。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Alex Ou, owner of Tea & Others in San Francisco, said that 70% of her customers prefer boba drinks. “Some people will not buy drinks if we’re out of boba,” Ou said. “They’re simply here for the boba.”(旧金山Tea & Others的老板 Alex Ou说，她的顾客中有70%更喜欢珍珠奶茶。欧说：“如果我们的波巴没了，有些人就不会买饮料了。”“他们只是来买珍珠的。”)”可知，Alex Ou认为70%的消费者更喜欢珍珠奶茶，这些人是来喝珍珠奶茶的，由此可推断，珍珠奶茶深受消费者的欢迎。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的““From this industry-wide shortage, we see the increasing demand for the entire bubble tea category as people want fresh, made-to-order drinks. We are using this as an opportunity to improve our products to attract more customers,” she said.(“从这种全行业的短缺来看，我们看到人们对整个珍珠奶茶品类的需求不断增加，因为人们想要新鲜的定制饮料。我们正在利用这个机会来改进我们的产品，以吸引更多的客户。”)”可知，Mai Shi认为，现在对珍珠奶茶的需求不断增加，她们正在利用这个机会改善自己的产品来吸引更多的消费者，由此可知，Mai Shi对珍珠奶茶的发展前景持乐观的态度。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据尾段“And despite the shortage, Kung Fu Tea is still planning to celebrate its annual National Bubble Tea Day when it gives its app users a free drink with a $ 4 credit to use on their next order.(尽管供应短缺，但是Kung Fu Tea仍计划庆祝一年一度的“全国奶茶日”，届时该应用程序的用户提供免费饮料，并在下次订购时获得4美元的积分。)”可知，在“全国奶茶日”，Kung Fu Tea会为使用其应用程序的用户提供免费的饮料。故选C项。
15．E 16．B 17．F 18．D 19．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了每日消耗蔬菜和水果能够给人身体带来好处，可是水果是现成的，可是大多数蔬菜是需要烹饪才能入口。本文介绍了烹饪以及准备蔬菜的方式对蔬菜营养和益处产生的影响。
15．根据前文“Evidence shows that, when consumed daily, they can help reduce the risk of diseases, including heart disease and some cancers. There’s also some research to suggest they may protect against type-2 diabetes.(有证据表明，如果每天食用，它们可以帮助降低患疾病的风险，包括心脏病和某些癌症。也有一些研究表明，它们可以预防2型糖尿病。)”可知，此处强调的是每天使用水果和蔬菜有很多好处。以及根据下文“So, if you’re going to cook the vegetable, what’s the most nutritious way to do it (所以，如果你要烹饪蔬菜，最营养的方法是什么 )”可知，下文阐述的是烹饪会影响到蔬菜的益处。E选项“However, the way you prepare your vegetables actually affects the benefits.(然而，你准备蔬菜的方式实际上会影响它的益处。)”中的benefits与前文承接，同时引起下文，指出准备蔬菜的方式会影响蔬菜的好处。故E选项承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
16．根据后文“So, if you’re going to cook the vegetable, what’s the most nutritious way to do it (所以，如果你要烹饪蔬菜，最营养的方法是什么 )”可知，此处表明烹饪蔬菜会影响蔬菜本身的营养。B选项“This matters, because cooking affects nutrient levels.(这很重要，因为烹饪会影响营养水平。)” 再次讲到烹调方法对营养成分的影响。其中this指代前文的cooking。故选B。
17．根据后文“Spanish researchers tested the effects of different cooking methods on 20 types of vegetables. (西班牙研究人员测试了不同烹饪方法对20种蔬菜的影响。)”可知，此处以西班牙研究人员所进行的实验为例，阐述了不同烹饪方法对20种蔬菜的影响。F选项“Other studies have investigated the impact of cooking on a broader range of vegetables.(其他研究调查了烹饪对更广泛的蔬菜的影响。)” 引起下文，指出不同的蔬菜烹调方法对蔬菜营养的影响。故选F。
18．根据前文“That is to say, boiling isn’t the best bet if you want to preserve those precious nutrients. As ever, there are a few exceptions.( 也就是说，如果你想保存这些珍贵的营养物质，煮沸并不是最好的选择。和以往一样，也有一些例外。)”可知，有一些蔬菜是例外的即煮的时间越长越好。同时根据后文“One study found that cooking tomatoes for 30 minutes increased lycopene levels by 35%.(一项研究发现，将西红柿煮30分钟可以使番茄红素含量增加35%。)”可知，通过更长时间的煮一些蔬菜，某些营养成分是能够更多的获得。D选项“Some nutrients tend to be more available when boiled for a longer period.( 有些蔬菜的营养物质煮得越久越容易获得。)”与下文呼应。故选D。
19．根据前文“A 2017 study also found that frozen vegetables preserved more nutrients than fresh ones that had been kept in the fridge for five days.( 2017年的一项研究还发现，冷冻蔬菜比在冰箱里放了五天的新鲜蔬菜保存了更多的营养。)”可知，此处指出的是冷冻的蔬菜比在冰箱里放5天的新鲜的蔬菜保留了更多的营养物质即强调了存储蔬菜的重要性。A选项“So, how you store vegetables counts, too.(所以，如何储存蔬菜也很重要。)”承接前文。故选A。
20．C 21．D 22．D 23．B 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．C 29．C 30．D 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类舌头对酸这种味道的反应和形成过程。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种感觉并不局限于你的舌头。A. challenge挑战；B. panic惊慌；C. sensation感觉；D. impression印象；根据第2空“An especially sour bite has a way of making your entire face____ into a look of discomfort”（特别酸的一口会让你的整个脸都变得不舒服）可知，这种感觉不仅停留在舌头，而是延伸到了脸上，故选C。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：特别酸的味道会让你的整张脸皱成一团，看起来很不舒服。A. adjust调整；B. perceive感知；C. react反应；D. contract使收缩、与……订立合同；根据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）和常识可知，吃到特别酸的东西，脸部会收缩，即扭曲，故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 当你在Sour Patch Kids上舔柠檬或零食时，如果你的嘴忍不住撅起，你可以感谢进化。A. decline拒绝；B. insist坚持；C. persist坚持；D. resist抵抗；根据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）可知，此处指的是排斥行为，忍不住产生某种反应，can’t resist“忍不住做”，故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你的口腔检测到这种酸的迹象时，它会以一种戏剧性的方式让你知道。A. distinguishes辨别；B. detects发现、侦查；C. identifies识别；D. encounters遭遇；根据“排斥反应”可知，此处指的是机体的一种监测机制，与语境最贴合，故选B。
24．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：据《生活科学》报道，你的味觉受体会发活跃起来，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应。A. take up占据；B. light up点亮；变快活；C. get across使理解；D. bring down减少、击落；根据“排斥反应”可知，人的某种机体在受到某种刺激后立即活跃起来，开展工作，保护机体免受伤害，故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的舌头对苦味或辛辣食物的反应也是排斥反应。A. responses回应；反应；B. impairments损害；C. preferences偏好；D. guarantees保证；据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）以及“as well”可知，此处指的也是排斥反应，故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自然界中发现的许多具有这些味道的植物都是有毒的，而你身体的强烈反应是保护你免受伤害的方式。A. bitterness苦；B. declines拒绝；C. flavors味道；D. textures质地；根据第6空“Your tongue’s reactions to bitter or spicy foods are rejection responses as well.”（你的舌头对苦味或辛辣食物的反应也是排斥反应）可知，此处指的是苦和辣这两种味道，故选C。
27．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：酸味自然存在在柑橘类的水果中，但在许多情况下，它是食源性疾病得一种警示。A. puts up搭建、张贴；B. picks up捡起；C. stays up熬夜；D. shows up露面；根据语境，此处指的是柑橘类水果含有酸味，此处用拟人手法，指酸味在水果中出现，故选D。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：变质的水果和乳制品含有酸，这也会使它们有酸味。A. Ripe成熟的；B. Raw生的；C. Spoiled宠坏的、变质的；D. Purchased购买的；根据前句“Sourness shows up naturally in fruits like citrus, but it can be a warning of food-borne illness in many cases”（酸味自然存在在柑橘类的水果中，但在许多情况下，它是食源性疾病得一种警示）可知，此处指酸味的警示作用，根据常识可知，一般变质的水果是酸的，故选C。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们的早期人类祖先在寻找食物时，一个突然的痛苦表情可能传达了这样的信息：那个人放进嘴里的东西不好吃。A. proved证明；B. confessed坦白；C. communicated交流、传达；D. displayed展示；根据前句“This reaction isn’t necessarily enough to help someone who has already taken a bite of a bad apple, but it may protect the people they’re with”（这种反应并不一定能帮助那些已经吃了一口坏苹果的人，但它会保护和他们在一起的人）可知，此处指的是向他人传达信息的功能，故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对酸味的反应有助于早期人类避免生病，但这并不能阻止我们今天吃这种食物。A. salty咸的；B. bitter苦的；C. spicy辣的；D. sour酸的；纵观上文可知，文章谈论的是对人类对酸味的反应，故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种味道十分受欢迎，整个糖果市场都在致力于将其最大化地应用于加工产品中。A. ceased停止；B. deserved值得；C. desired渴望；D. devoted奉献；根据前句“这种味道十分受欢迎”以及市场的逐利特性可知，整个糖果市场都在致力于将其最大化地应用于加工产品中，be devoted to doing“致力于做”，故选D。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：答案是后天获得的味道口味。A. acquired已获得的；后天获得的；B. born出生的；C. gained获得（动词）；D. undeveloped欠发达的；根据后句“Humans don’t naturally desire bitter, spicy, or sour foods, but foods with these characteristics are important components of a nutritious diet.”（人类并不是天生就渴望苦、辣或酸的食物，但具有这些特征的食物是营养饮食的重要组成部分。）可知，这种味道是人类的后天习得的，故选A。
33．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我们不是从一出生就喜欢这些味道，而是习惯于通过反复接触来享受它们。A. Apart from除了；B. Thanks to多亏、由于；C. Instead of代替、而不是；D. Regardless of不管；根据前半句“人类天生不喜欢苦、辣或酸的食物”可知，这不是从人类出生就爱的味道，而是习惯于通过反复接触来享受它们，故选C。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过同龄人和家人对味道的熟悉，人类逐渐了解哪些酸（苦、辣）食物是健康的，哪些可能有害。A. gradually逐渐地；B. faithfully忠诚地；C. barely仅仅、几乎没有；D. respectively分别、各自；根据第14题可知，这种改变通过反复接触、逐渐形成的过程，故选A。
35．longest 36．has been admired 37．with 38．to come 39．resources 40．itself 41．generating 42．an 43．where 44．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了黄河的相关信息、对黄河的保护以及黄河在促进经济发展中的作用。
35．考查最高级。句意：它作为中国第二长的河流，自西向东流经九个省和自治区。表示第二长的河流，用最高级。故填longest。
36．考查时态语态。句意：黄河几千年来一直为伟大的诗人和艺术家所敬仰，他们的文字和旋律诉说着黄河和中国人民的精神。主语the river与谓语admire为被动关系，再结合时间状语“for thousands of years ”可知，本句为现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been admired。
37．考查介词。句意：黄河几千年来一直为伟大的诗人和艺术家所敬仰，他们的文字和旋律诉说着黄河和中国人民的精神。本句为with的复合结构。故填with。
38．考查非谓语。句意：《长江保护法》将于2021年3月1日生效，确保人们在未来几个世纪都能从中受益。表示要到来的几个世纪，用动词不定式作定语。故填to come。
39．考查名词。句意：例如，山东省东营市正在利用其生态资源，包括湿地鸟类栖息地和其他独特的河流景观，将自己转变为以黄河文化为重点的旅游目的地。Resource为可数名词，表示多个生态资源，用复数形式。 故填resources。
40．考查代词。句意：例如，山东省东营市正在利用其生态资源，包括湿地鸟类栖息地和其他独特的河流景观，将自己转变为以黄河文化为重点的旅游目的地。主语与宾语表达的都是Dongying, 宾语用反身代词。故填itself。
41．考查非谓语。句意：2021年，东营旅游人次1646万人次，旅游收入171.1亿元。空处为非谓语动词，与前面的句子为主动关系，用现在分词。故填generating。
42．考查冠词。句意：这座城市的一个热点，尤其是日落后，是黄河集市，这是一个吸引国内外游客的露天市场。market为可数名词，表示“一个露天市场”，open首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填an。
43．考查定语从句。句意：在黄河流入渤海的东营，游客可以欣赏到非同寻常的风景。先行词为 Dongying，在非限制性定语从句作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
44．考查连词。句意：此外，他们还可能更多地了解中国的绿色文明理念，看到黄河从“灾难之河”演变为“好运之流”。分析句意可知，前后为并列关系，连词为and。故填and。
45．The next day at lunch, Nilsa pulled out her thermos. She proudly presented her classmates with a fresh batch of sancocho. She explained the dish’s history and how it was a beloved part of her family’s culture. To her surprise, her classmates were eager to try it. They all took a spoonful and were pleasantly surprised by the flavor. Even Gus, who had been so skeptical the day before, admitted that it was delicious.
When Nilsa returned home and greeted her mother that day, her happiness was beyond description. She was proud to have shared a part of her culture with her classmates, and even more proud that they had enjoyed it. From then on, Nilsa brought sancocho to school every week, and she was always happy to share it with her friends.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了尼尔莎在学校吃妈妈烹饪的巴拿马国菜——杂菜汤，遭到吃快餐的同学们的嘲笑。尼尔莎回到家后向妈妈抱怨，妈妈却让她第二天带更多的杂菜汤去学校，并让她给同学们介绍杂菜汤的美味和传统。尼尔莎感到非常激动。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天吃午饭时，尼尔莎拿出她的保温瓶。”可知，第一段可描写尼尔莎给同学们介绍杂菜汤并得到同学们的认可。
②由第二段首句内容“那天，当尼尔莎回到家迎接母亲时，她的快乐难以形容。”可知，第二段可描写尼尔莎回到家后感到无比的自豪，并决定每周都把杂菜汤带到学校与同学们分享。
2.续写线索：展示杂菜汤——介绍其文化——感到无比自豪——更多地分享
3.词汇激活
行为类
①展示：present/exhibit/display
②承认：admit/acknowledge
③喜爱：enjoy/love/be fond of
情绪类
①怀疑的：skeptical/suspicious/doubtful
②高兴的：happy/pleased/delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1]Even Gus, who had been so skeptical the day before, admitted that it was delicious.(运用了关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]She was proud to have shared a part of her culture with her classmates, and even more proud that they had enjoyed it.(运用了连词that引导宾语从句)
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book1 unit 6 developing ideas 测试题
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．With so much homework to do, the freshman’s playtime is now very ________.(limitation)
2．Our committee works hand in hand with other ________(branch) of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.
3．The organization has very ________(limit) resources.
4．We should make wise use of natural ________(resource) because they are ________(limit).
5．In recent years, ________ (rent) clothes has become an increasingly popular trend among people of all ages.
6．The amount of money we have is so ________ that we can’t buy the new house. (limit)
7．Xiamen enjoys a ___________ (please) climate, which is mild all year round.
8．_________ (publish) their researches in journals, scientists have to work hard and even without financial reward.
9．What I didn't realize was that my first ____(publish) story would open several doors.
10．Much time spent ______________(sit) at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
二、阅读理解
Bubble tea(珍珠奶茶 ), also called boba, is becoming harder to find as the COVID-19-related shortage takes hold. The blockage of the Suez Canal by a large cargo ship in March 2021 is causing delays in the global supply chain, which is a big part of the reasons for the shortage.
“This is an industry-wide shortage,” the owners of Hayward, California-based US Boba Company said on their Boba Guys Instagram page. “Some boba shops are already out. Others will be out in the next few weeks. 99% of boba comes from overseas. ”
Oliver Yoon, vice-president of sales and marketing for Boba Tea Direct, a Chicago-based nationwide supplier of bubble tea products, told Business Insider that the shortage started about a month ago and wasn’t likely to end until the end of April at the earliest.
Alex Ou, owner of Tea & Others in San Francisco, said that 70% of her customers prefer boba drinks. “Some people will not buy drinks if we’re out of boba,” Ou said. “They’re simply here for the boba.”
“We have storehouses on both East and West Coast, so compared with other boba brands, there is little impact on us,” said Mai Shi, manager of Kung Fu Tea. “From this industry-wide shortage, we see the increasing demand for the entire bubble tea category as people want fresh, made-to-order drinks. We are using this as an opportunity to improve our products to attract more customers,” she said.
And despite the shortage, Kung Fu Tea is still planning to celebrate its annual National Bubble Tea Day when it gives its app users a free drink with a $ 4 credit to use on their next order.
11．What is the main reason for the boba shortage
A．The popularity of boba. B．The rising cost of shipping.
C．The lack of proper storehouses. D．The traffic jams on the Suez Canal.
12．What can be inferred from Alex Ou’s words
A．The demand for boba is increasing. B．The boba shortage will last for a while.
C．Boba is popular among its customers. D．The boba shortage leads to a loss of 70% of the customers.
13．What is Mai Shi’s attitude towards the future of bubble tea products
A．Positive. B．Cautious.
C．Indifferent. D．Worried.
14．What will Kung Fu Tea do for its National Bubble Tea Day
A．Offer its customers free refills. B．Replace boba with other drinks.
C．Hand out free drinks to its app users. D．Run advertisements with a wider reach.
三、七选五
Fruits and vegetables bring some pretty attractive benefits to our human bodies. Evidence shows that, when consumed daily, they can help reduce the risk of diseases, including heart disease and some cancers. There’s also some research to suggest they may protect against type-2 diabetes. 15
While most fruits come ready to eat, vegetables usually get some sort of cooking before they reach your plate. 16 So, if you’re going to cook the vegetable, what’s the most nutritious way to do it
One Chinese study compared the effects of five cooking methods on the nutrient levels in broccoli. The researchers found that, except for steaming, all cooking methods led to significant losses of vitamin C．
17 Spanish researchers tested the effects of different cooking methods on 20 types of vegetables. While there were variations according to the type of vegetables, overall, results showed that putting the vegetables in water led to the greatest nutrient losses. That is to say, boiling isn’t the best bet if you want to preserve those precious nutrients.
As ever, there are a few exceptions. 18 One study found that cooking tomatoes for 30 minutes increased lycopene levels by 35%.
A 2017 study also found that frozen vegetables preserved more nutrients than fresh ones that had been kept in the fridge for five days. 19 If you’re not eating them within a couple of days, adding frozen products to your shopping list could serve you well.
A．So, how you store vegetables counts, too.
B．This matters, because cooking affects nutrient levels.
C．According to this, we should find out the best cooking method.
D．Some nutrients tend to be more available when boiled for a longer period.
E．However, the way you prepare your vegetables actually affects the benefits.
F．Other studies have investigated the impact of cooking on a broader range of vegetables.
G．However, evidence showed that some fresh vegetables can be preserved for a longer time.
四、完形填空
When you eat something really sour, there is something that can’t be ignored. It is the 20 that isn’t limited to your tongue. An especially sour bite has a way of making your entire face 21 into a look of discomfort. If you can’t 22 puckering (撅起) your mouth when you lick a lemon or snack on Sour Patch Kids, you can thank evolution.
That unmistakable sour flavor that stimulate your taste buds is a product that acids release when they combine with saliva (唾液) . When your mouth 23 this sign of acid, it lets you know in a dramatic way. Your taste receptors 24 and your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science.
Your tongue’s reactions to bitter or spicy foods are rejection 25 as well. Many plants found in nature with these 26 are poisonous, and your body’s strong reaction is its way of protecting you from harm. Sourness 27 naturally in fruits like citrus (柑橘), but it can be a warning of food-borne illness in many cases. 28 fruits and dairy products contain acid, which gives them a sour taste too.
It’s hard to ignore the sour flavor of what you’re eating when it twists your entire facial expression. This reaction isn’t necessarily enough to help someone who has already taken a bite of a bad apple, but it may protect the people they’re with. When our early human ancestors hunted for food, a sudden twisted face may have 29 that whatever that person put in their mouth wasn’t good to eat.
The pucker response to 30 flavors helped early humans avoid getting sick, but it doesn’t stop us from eating this kind of food today. The flavor is so sought after that there’s an entire candy market 31 to maximizing it in processed products. So why do we love to eat the very thing that our face and tongue warns us might kill us
The answer is 32 taste. Humans don’t naturally desire bitter, spicy, or sour foods, but foods with these characteristics are important components of a nutritious diet. 33 loving these flavors from birth, we’re conditioned to enjoy them through repeated exposure. By becoming familiar with the taste via our peers and family members, humans 34 learn which sour (and bitter and spicy) foods are healthy and which are potentially harmful.
Though we rely on the sense every day, taste doesn’t work exactly how you may assume.
20．A．challenge B．panic C．sensation D．impression
21．A．adjust B．perceive C．react D．contract
22．A．decline B．insist C．persist D．resist
23．A．distinguishes B．detects C．identifies D．encounters
24．A．take up B．light up C．get across D．bring down
25．A．responses B．impairments C．preferences D．guarantees
26．A．bitterness B．declines C．flavors D．textures
27．A．puts up B．picks up C．stays up D．shows up
28．A．Ripe B．Raw C．Spoiled D．Purchased
29．A．proved B．confessed C．communicated D．displayed
30．A．salty B．bitter C．spicy D．sour
31．A．ceased B．deserved C．desired D．devoted
32．A．acquired B．born C．gained D．undeveloped
33．A．Apart from B．Thanks to C．Instead of D．Regardless of
34．A．gradually B．faithfully C．barely D．respectively
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
The Yellow River is not just a long and winding icon of China, but also a symbol of the Chinese spirit. As the second 35 (long) river in China, it flows from west to east through nine provinces and autonomous regions. The river 36 (admire) by great poets and artists for thousands of years, 37 their words and melodies telling of the spirit of the Yellow River and Chinese people.
The Yangtze River Protection Law, taking effect on March 1, 2021, ensures that people can benefit from it for centuries 38 (come). For example, Dongying, a city in Shandong Province, is now making use of its ecological 39 (resource) including wetland bird habitats and other unique river landscapes to transform 40 (it) into a tourism destination focusing on Yellow River culture.
In 2021, visitors made 16.46 million trips to Dongying, 41 (generate) tourism revenue (税收) of 17.11 billion yuan. One hot spot in the city, especially after the sun sets, is the Yellow River Fair, 42 open-air market which attracts visitors from home and abroad.
In Dongying, 43 the Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea, tourists can enjoy the extraordinary scenery. Moreover, they may also gain more insight into the Chinese concept of green civilization (文明) 44 see the Yellow River’s evolution from a “disaster river” to a “stream of good luck”.
六、读后续写
45．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Nilsa stared at the clock on the classroom wall, daydreaming about lunch. Her mother had prepared a thermos (保温瓶) full of sancocho. It was one of Nilsa’s favorite dishes, and the national dish of Panama — a country in central America and the hometown of Nilsa’s family. Just thinking about sancocho made her mouth water.
Finally, it was time for lunch. Nilsa carefully poured some sancocho into a bowl. When she looked up, she saw her classmates staring.
“What is that It smells really bad,” said Gus, covering his nose. “It’s sancocho,” Nilsa responded. “It’s kind of like chicken soup.” Codi glanced at the bowl and said, “Soup It’s more like a science experiment.” He laughed, pointed to his lunch, and asked, “That’s one weird lunch. Why don’t you eat something normal, like pizza ”
Nilsa looked at everyone else’s lunches: pizza, fries, and sandwiches. Suddenly she didn’t feel hungry any more.
When Nilsa returned home and complained about her classmates’ negative comments, her mother wasn’t mad. Instead, she listened attentively and reminded Nilsa that there is no such thing as “normal” or “weird” food, and that different cultures have their own unique dishes that are loved and appreciated by those who grew up with them.
Nilsa’s mother also suggested making a fresh batch for Nilsa to bring to school the next day. “Then you can share it with your classmates and tell them sancocho tastes great, and that our family has been eating it for hundreds of years. Your great-grandmother taught your grandmother who then taught me.
Nilsa nodded in excitement, and she was grateful for the opportunity to share her favorite dish with her classmates.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day at lunch, Nilsa pulled out her thermos.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When Nilsa returned home and greeted her mother that day, her happiness was beyond description.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有这么多作业要做，大一新生的游戏时间现在非常有限。空处需要形容词作表语。limitation为名词，其形容词形式为limited“有限的”。故填limited。
2．branches
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的委员会与其他政府部门携手合作，确保以环保的方式执行发展策略。根据句意可知，空处用名词作宾语，表示“政府的其他部门”，不止一个部门，用名词复数。故填branches。
3．limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个组织的资源非常有限。修饰后文名词resources应用形容词limited，作定语。故填limited。
4． resources limited
【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：我们应该合理利用自然资源，因为它们是有限的。形容词修饰名词，空一用名词作宾语，根据句意用复数；空二作表语用形容词limited“有限的”，故填①resources②limited。
5．renting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，租衣服在各个年龄段的人们中越来越流行。作句子的主语应用动名词形式，故填renting。
6．limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的钱有限，买不起新房子。空处应填形容词作表语，limited有限的，形容词，故填limited。
7．pleasing/pleasant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：厦门气候宜人，终年温和。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，“please”为动词，“climate”指物，故空格处应用“pleasing”，意为“令人愉悦的”，形容词词性，修饰物，或用“pleasant”，意为“宜人的”，形容词词性，修饰物。故填pleasing/pleasant。
8．To publish
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在期刊上发表他们的研究成果，科学家们必须努力工作，甚至没有经济报酬。设空处为目的状语，应用动词不定式to publish，设空处在句首，to的首字母要大写。故填To publish。
9．published
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我没有意识到的是，我发表的第一个故事会为我打开好几扇门。publish与story之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填published。
10．sitting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间坐在办公桌前，公司职员一般会受到健康问题的困扰。此空在句中是非谓语动词做宾语，因固定短语spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故填sitting。
11．D 12．C 13．A 14．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是一艘大型货船堵塞苏伊士运河，导致全球珍珠奶茶出现供不应求的局面。
11．细节理解题。根据首段中的“The blockage of the Suez Canal by a large cargo ship in March 2021 is causing delays in the global supply chain, which is a big part of the reasons for the shortage.(2021年3月，一艘大型货船堵塞苏伊士运河，导致全球供应链延迟，这是造成短缺的一个重要原因。)”可知，一艘大船堵塞了苏伊士运河，造成珍珠奶茶供应短缺的重要原因。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Alex Ou, owner of Tea & Others in San Francisco, said that 70% of her customers prefer boba drinks. “Some people will not buy drinks if we’re out of boba,” Ou said. “They’re simply here for the boba.”(旧金山Tea & Others的老板 Alex Ou说，她的顾客中有70%更喜欢珍珠奶茶。欧说：“如果我们的波巴没了，有些人就不会买饮料了。”“他们只是来买珍珠的。”)”可知，Alex Ou认为70%的消费者更喜欢珍珠奶茶，这些人是来喝珍珠奶茶的，由此可推断，珍珠奶茶深受消费者的欢迎。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的““From this industry-wide shortage, we see the increasing demand for the entire bubble tea category as people want fresh, made-to-order drinks. We are using this as an opportunity to improve our products to attract more customers,” she said.(“从这种全行业的短缺来看，我们看到人们对整个珍珠奶茶品类的需求不断增加，因为人们想要新鲜的定制饮料。我们正在利用这个机会来改进我们的产品，以吸引更多的客户。”)”可知，Mai Shi认为，现在对珍珠奶茶的需求不断增加，她们正在利用这个机会改善自己的产品来吸引更多的消费者，由此可知，Mai Shi对珍珠奶茶的发展前景持乐观的态度。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据尾段“And despite the shortage, Kung Fu Tea is still planning to celebrate its annual National Bubble Tea Day when it gives its app users a free drink with a $ 4 credit to use on their next order.(尽管供应短缺，但是Kung Fu Tea仍计划庆祝一年一度的“全国奶茶日”，届时该应用程序的用户提供免费饮料，并在下次订购时获得4美元的积分。)”可知，在“全国奶茶日”，Kung Fu Tea会为使用其应用程序的用户提供免费的饮料。故选C项。
15．E 16．B 17．F 18．D 19．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了每日消耗蔬菜和水果能够给人身体带来好处，可是水果是现成的，可是大多数蔬菜是需要烹饪才能入口。本文介绍了烹饪以及准备蔬菜的方式对蔬菜营养和益处产生的影响。
15．根据前文“Evidence shows that, when consumed daily, they can help reduce the risk of diseases, including heart disease and some cancers. There’s also some research to suggest they may protect against type-2 diabetes.(有证据表明，如果每天食用，它们可以帮助降低患疾病的风险，包括心脏病和某些癌症。也有一些研究表明，它们可以预防2型糖尿病。)”可知，此处强调的是每天使用水果和蔬菜有很多好处。以及根据下文“So, if you’re going to cook the vegetable, what’s the most nutritious way to do it (所以，如果你要烹饪蔬菜，最营养的方法是什么 )”可知，下文阐述的是烹饪会影响到蔬菜的益处。E选项“However, the way you prepare your vegetables actually affects the benefits.(然而，你准备蔬菜的方式实际上会影响它的益处。)”中的benefits与前文承接，同时引起下文，指出准备蔬菜的方式会影响蔬菜的好处。故E选项承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
16．根据后文“So, if you’re going to cook the vegetable, what’s the most nutritious way to do it (所以，如果你要烹饪蔬菜，最营养的方法是什么 )”可知，此处表明烹饪蔬菜会影响蔬菜本身的营养。B选项“This matters, because cooking affects nutrient levels.(这很重要，因为烹饪会影响营养水平。)” 再次讲到烹调方法对营养成分的影响。其中this指代前文的cooking。故选B。
17．根据后文“Spanish researchers tested the effects of different cooking methods on 20 types of vegetables. (西班牙研究人员测试了不同烹饪方法对20种蔬菜的影响。)”可知，此处以西班牙研究人员所进行的实验为例，阐述了不同烹饪方法对20种蔬菜的影响。F选项“Other studies have investigated the impact of cooking on a broader range of vegetables.(其他研究调查了烹饪对更广泛的蔬菜的影响。)” 引起下文，指出不同的蔬菜烹调方法对蔬菜营养的影响。故选F。
18．根据前文“That is to say, boiling isn’t the best bet if you want to preserve those precious nutrients. As ever, there are a few exceptions.( 也就是说，如果你想保存这些珍贵的营养物质，煮沸并不是最好的选择。和以往一样，也有一些例外。)”可知，有一些蔬菜是例外的即煮的时间越长越好。同时根据后文“One study found that cooking tomatoes for 30 minutes increased lycopene levels by 35%.(一项研究发现，将西红柿煮30分钟可以使番茄红素含量增加35%。)”可知，通过更长时间的煮一些蔬菜，某些营养成分是能够更多的获得。D选项“Some nutrients tend to be more available when boiled for a longer period.( 有些蔬菜的营养物质煮得越久越容易获得。)”与下文呼应。故选D。
19．根据前文“A 2017 study also found that frozen vegetables preserved more nutrients than fresh ones that had been kept in the fridge for five days.( 2017年的一项研究还发现，冷冻蔬菜比在冰箱里放了五天的新鲜蔬菜保存了更多的营养。)”可知，此处指出的是冷冻的蔬菜比在冰箱里放5天的新鲜的蔬菜保留了更多的营养物质即强调了存储蔬菜的重要性。A选项“So, how you store vegetables counts, too.(所以，如何储存蔬菜也很重要。)”承接前文。故选A。
20．C 21．D 22．D 23．B 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．C 29．C 30．D 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类舌头对酸这种味道的反应和形成过程。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种感觉并不局限于你的舌头。A. challenge挑战；B. panic惊慌；C. sensation感觉；D. impression印象；根据第2空“An especially sour bite has a way of making your entire face____ into a look of discomfort”（特别酸的一口会让你的整个脸都变得不舒服）可知，这种感觉不仅停留在舌头，而是延伸到了脸上，故选C。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：特别酸的味道会让你的整张脸皱成一团，看起来很不舒服。A. adjust调整；B. perceive感知；C. react反应；D. contract使收缩、与……订立合同；根据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）和常识可知，吃到特别酸的东西，脸部会收缩，即扭曲，故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 当你在Sour Patch Kids上舔柠檬或零食时，如果你的嘴忍不住撅起，你可以感谢进化。A. decline拒绝；B. insist坚持；C. persist坚持；D. resist抵抗；根据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）可知，此处指的是排斥行为，忍不住产生某种反应，can’t resist“忍不住做”，故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你的口腔检测到这种酸的迹象时，它会以一种戏剧性的方式让你知道。A. distinguishes辨别；B. detects发现、侦查；C. identifies识别；D. encounters遭遇；根据“排斥反应”可知，此处指的是机体的一种监测机制，与语境最贴合，故选B。
24．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：据《生活科学》报道，你的味觉受体会发活跃起来，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应。A. take up占据；B. light up点亮；变快活；C. get across使理解；D. bring down减少、击落；根据“排斥反应”可知，人的某种机体在受到某种刺激后立即活跃起来，开展工作，保护机体免受伤害，故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的舌头对苦味或辛辣食物的反应也是排斥反应。A. responses回应；反应；B. impairments损害；C. preferences偏好；D. guarantees保证；据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）以及“as well”可知，此处指的也是排斥反应，故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自然界中发现的许多具有这些味道的植物都是有毒的，而你身体的强烈反应是保护你免受伤害的方式。A. bitterness苦；B. declines拒绝；C. flavors味道；D. textures质地；根据第6空“Your tongue’s reactions to bitter or spicy foods are rejection responses as well.”（你的舌头对苦味或辛辣食物的反应也是排斥反应）可知，此处指的是苦和辣这两种味道，故选C。
27．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：酸味自然存在在柑橘类的水果中，但在许多情况下，它是食源性疾病得一种警示。A. puts up搭建、张贴；B. picks up捡起；C. stays up熬夜；D. shows up露面；根据语境，此处指的是柑橘类水果含有酸味，此处用拟人手法，指酸味在水果中出现，故选D。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：变质的水果和乳制品含有酸，这也会使它们有酸味。A. Ripe成熟的；B. Raw生的；C. Spoiled宠坏的、变质的；D. Purchased购买的；根据前句“Sourness shows up naturally in fruits like citrus, but it can be a warning of food-borne illness in many cases”（酸味自然存在在柑橘类的水果中，但在许多情况下，它是食源性疾病得一种警示）可知，此处指酸味的警示作用，根据常识可知，一般变质的水果是酸的，故选C。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们的早期人类祖先在寻找食物时，一个突然的痛苦表情可能传达了这样的信息：那个人放进嘴里的东西不好吃。A. proved证明；B. confessed坦白；C. communicated交流、传达；D. displayed展示；根据前句“This reaction isn’t necessarily enough to help someone who has already taken a bite of a bad apple, but it may protect the people they’re with”（这种反应并不一定能帮助那些已经吃了一口坏苹果的人，但它会保护和他们在一起的人）可知，此处指的是向他人传达信息的功能，故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对酸味的反应有助于早期人类避免生病，但这并不能阻止我们今天吃这种食物。A. salty咸的；B. bitter苦的；C. spicy辣的；D. sour酸的；纵观上文可知，文章谈论的是对人类对酸味的反应，故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种味道十分受欢迎，整个糖果市场都在致力于将其最大化地应用于加工产品中。A. ceased停止；B. deserved值得；C. desired渴望；D. devoted奉献；根据前句“这种味道十分受欢迎”以及市场的逐利特性可知，整个糖果市场都在致力于将其最大化地应用于加工产品中，be devoted to doing“致力于做”，故选D。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：答案是后天获得的味道口味。A. acquired已获得的；后天获得的；B. born出生的；C. gained获得（动词）；D. undeveloped欠发达的；根据后句“Humans don’t naturally desire bitter, spicy, or sour foods, but foods with these characteristics are important components of a nutritious diet.”（人类并不是天生就渴望苦、辣或酸的食物，但具有这些特征的食物是营养饮食的重要组成部分。）可知，这种味道是人类的后天习得的，故选A。
33．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我们不是从一出生就喜欢这些味道，而是习惯于通过反复接触来享受它们。A. Apart from除了；B. Thanks to多亏、由于；C. Instead of代替、而不是；D. Regardless of不管；根据前半句“人类天生不喜欢苦、辣或酸的食物”可知，这不是从人类出生就爱的味道，而是习惯于通过反复接触来享受它们，故选C。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过同龄人和家人对味道的熟悉，人类逐渐了解哪些酸（苦、辣）食物是健康的，哪些可能有害。A. gradually逐渐地；B. faithfully忠诚地；C. barely仅仅、几乎没有；D. respectively分别、各自；根据第14题可知，这种改变通过反复接触、逐渐形成的过程，故选A。
35．longest 36．has been admired 37．with 38．to come 39．resources 40．itself 41．generating 42．an 43．where 44．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了黄河的相关信息、对黄河的保护以及黄河在促进经济发展中的作用。
35．考查最高级。句意：它作为中国第二长的河流，自西向东流经九个省和自治区。表示第二长的河流，用最高级。故填longest。
36．考查时态语态。句意：黄河几千年来一直为伟大的诗人和艺术家所敬仰，他们的文字和旋律诉说着黄河和中国人民的精神。主语the river与谓语admire为被动关系，再结合时间状语“for thousands of years ”可知，本句为现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been admired。
37．考查介词。句意：黄河几千年来一直为伟大的诗人和艺术家所敬仰，他们的文字和旋律诉说着黄河和中国人民的精神。本句为with的复合结构。故填with。
38．考查非谓语。句意：《长江保护法》将于2021年3月1日生效，确保人们在未来几个世纪都能从中受益。表示要到来的几个世纪，用动词不定式作定语。故填to come。
39．考查名词。句意：例如，山东省东营市正在利用其生态资源，包括湿地鸟类栖息地和其他独特的河流景观，将自己转变为以黄河文化为重点的旅游目的地。Resource为可数名词，表示多个生态资源，用复数形式。 故填resources。
40．考查代词。句意：例如，山东省东营市正在利用其生态资源，包括湿地鸟类栖息地和其他独特的河流景观，将自己转变为以黄河文化为重点的旅游目的地。主语与宾语表达的都是Dongying, 宾语用反身代词。故填itself。
41．考查非谓语。句意：2021年，东营旅游人次1646万人次，旅游收入171.1亿元。空处为非谓语动词，与前面的句子为主动关系，用现在分词。故填generating。
42．考查冠词。句意：这座城市的一个热点，尤其是日落后，是黄河集市，这是一个吸引国内外游客的露天市场。market为可数名词，表示“一个露天市场”，open首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填an。
43．考查定语从句。句意：在黄河流入渤海的东营，游客可以欣赏到非同寻常的风景。先行词为 Dongying，在非限制性定语从句作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
44．考查连词。句意：此外，他们还可能更多地了解中国的绿色文明理念，看到黄河从“灾难之河”演变为“好运之流”。分析句意可知，前后为并列关系，连词为and。故填and。
45．The next day at lunch, Nilsa pulled out her thermos. She proudly presented her classmates with a fresh batch of sancocho. She explained the dish’s history and how it was a beloved part of her family’s culture. To her surprise, her classmates were eager to try it. They all took a spoonful and were pleasantly surprised by the flavor. Even Gus, who had been so skeptical the day before, admitted that it was delicious.
When Nilsa returned home and greeted her mother that day, her happiness was beyond description. She was proud to have shared a part of her culture with her classmates, and even more proud that they had enjoyed it. From then on, Nilsa brought sancocho to school every week, and she was always happy to share it with her friends.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了尼尔莎在学校吃妈妈烹饪的巴拿马国菜——杂菜汤，遭到吃快餐的同学们的嘲笑。尼尔莎回到家后向妈妈抱怨，妈妈却让她第二天带更多的杂菜汤去学校，并让她给同学们介绍杂菜汤的美味和传统。尼尔莎感到非常激动。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天吃午饭时，尼尔莎拿出她的保温瓶。”可知，第一段可描写尼尔莎给同学们介绍杂菜汤并得到同学们的认可。
②由第二段首句内容“那天，当尼尔莎回到家迎接母亲时，她的快乐难以形容。”可知，第二段可描写尼尔莎回到家后感到无比的自豪，并决定每周都把杂菜汤带到学校与同学们分享。
2.续写线索：展示杂菜汤——介绍其文化——感到无比自豪——更多地分享
3.词汇激活
行为类
①展示：present/exhibit/display
②承认：admit/acknowledge
③喜爱：enjoy/love/be fond of
情绪类
①怀疑的：skeptical/suspicious/doubtful
②高兴的：happy/pleased/delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1]Even Gus, who had been so skeptical the day before, admitted that it was delicious.(运用了关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]She was proud to have shared a part of her culture with her classmates, and even more proud that they had enjoyed it.(运用了连词that引导宾语从句)
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