Unit 1 Past and Present 初中英语牛津译林版八年级下册单元练习（含解析）

Unit 1 Past and Present
满分：100分
一、单选题（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1.My grandfather _____ live in the countryside, but now he _____ living in the city.
A.used to; used to B.got used to; gets used to
C.used to; gets used to D.got used to; used to
2.—What's OMG ________, Suzy
—It stands for "oh my God". People use it when they feel surprised.
A. quickly B. finally C. exactly D. carefully
3.Granny lives ________ but she didn't feel ________. She has many hobbies.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; lonely C. lonely; alone
4.I won't go to Mary's party ________ she invites me.
A. however B. unless C. because D. but
5.—What did Judy do with her old clothes last week
—She didn't throw them away. ________, she made some useful things from them.
A. Suddenly B. Exactly C. Unluckily D. Instead
6.—The air ________ is very serious in our city.
—We should do something to make our city better.
A. pollution B. resolution C. reason D. promise
7.My dad tells me it is not easy to enter a good high school ________ I work harder.
A. since B. because C. unless D. if
8.Many students try to go to Peking University ________ it is very difficult.
A. if B. unless C. before D. though
9.These days some students have classes and finish their homework very well, ________ they are badly ill. I will learn from them.
A. however B. but C. though D. because
10.Mengzi's mother made three moves to provide (提供) the best ________ for him.
A. competition B. information C. environment D. culture
11.—Anna, have you finished reading Little Woman ________
—Sure, I have _________ returned it to the library.
A. yet; yet B. yet; already C. already; already D. already; yet
12.John is pretty self-disciplined (自律的). He ________ eats junk food.
A. hardly B. ever C. sometimes D. often
13.You are ________ a middle school student and you should look after yourself.
A. yet B. already C. hardly D. even
14.I have _______ had my breakfast, but my father hasn't ________.
A. already; yet B. already; already C. yet; already D. yet; yet
15.Once we learn how to ride a bike, we will never ______ how to do it.
A. forget B. remember C. realize D. wonder
二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
Do you like cycling Do you use GPS to record your rides(骑行) Anthony Hoyte does. And he uses the GPS of his cycling routes(路线) to make ___16___.
Anthony Hoyte is ___17___ for his interesting GPS drawings, having previously(以前) cycled routes that formed the pictures of a snowman, a cat, a reindeer and more.
But his latest GPS creation, a mustached man make millions of people ___18___. On November 13, 2021, Anthony ___19__ 107 kilometers throughout London in eight and a half hours. He "painted" a GPS drawing of a man and ___20__ him Mr. November. It broke the Guinness World Record for the largest GPS drawing ___21___ bicycle within twelve hours.
Cycling is one of Anthony's favorite ___22___ for getting both exercise and relaxation. In 2016, he started making GPS paintings with cycling routes. Last year, he ___23___ to "paint" a picture for a mental health charity called Movember. Anthony said he used to have some mental health problems himself. He wanted to __24___ money and raise awareness(认识) for men's mental health.
Anthony was glad that many people liked his idea and "paintings". People call him "Pedaling Picasso". He also ___25___ a lot of donations(捐赠). This cyclist thanked everyone for their love and support(支持).
16. A. paintings B. stories C. money D. fun
17. A. sorry B. famous C. good D. ready
18. A. interested B. interesting C. scared D. moved
19. A. drove B. walked C. took D. cycled
20. A. carried B. brought C. named D. fought
21. A. at B. to C. on D. by
22. A. hobbies B. customs C. plans D. ideas
23. A. found B. decided C. refused D. ended
24. A. get B. lose C. collect D. waste
25. A. understood B. asked C. received D. answered
三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
Travelling is very interesting. Many people love travelling. There are many ways to travel: by plane, by train, by ship or by car. Everyone has their favourite way.
Greg: My favourite way of travelling is by car. I can bring my pet (宠物) dog along. I can travel three hundred miles (英里) or only fifty miles a day. I can stop at a good restaurant to enjoy a good meal or at a hotel to spend the night.
Eliza: I love travelling by train best! It's very exciting. I travelled most of Europe in 5 months by train. It's the best way to talk with the local (当地的) people and make new friends on the way. Trains make even the longest trip enjoyable. The train ride to me is just like a big moving party. I also like travelling by ship. It is a very great way to spend a holiday. I can go to parties and watch movies on the ship, and enjoy the blue sky and water.
Danny: Planes are my favourite. It's the fastest way of travelling. I can quickly get to another country. Planes have very comfortable seats. I can have something to drink and eat. I can also read some free magazines and newspapers.
26.How many ways of travelling are mentioned in the passage
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
27.Greg loves travelling ________ best.
A. by ship B. by car C. by train D. by plane
28.What does Eliza think of travelling by train
A. Comfortable. B. Slow. C. Boring. D. Exciting.
29.Danny likes travelling by plane because ________.
A. he likes planes very much B. he can make new friends
C. it's the fastest way D. he likes the blue sky
30.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Greg hopes to bring his pet dog along when travelling.
B. Eliza thinks the car ride is just like a moving party.
C. Eliza travelled most of Europe by ship.
D. Danny often sleeps when travelling.
B
Where do cars get their energy from For most cars, the answer is gasoline(petrol). But some cars use electricity. These cars have special motors that get power from batteries. In addition, there are some cars that have both an electric motor and a gasoline motor. These types of cars are called hybrid cars.
Electric cars are better than petrol cars in several ways. The biggest benefit is reduced pollution. In areas where there is a high percentage of electric cars there is less pollution. But electric cars still cause pollution. Remember that the electricity to power electric cars has to come from somewhere, which is most likely a power station. Unless these power stations run on solar or wind energy, they are most likely burning fuels to make electricity. The second benefit of electric cars is a reduction in the dependence on foreign oil. There are several countries that don't want to rely on oil coming from other countries. Since electric cars can run on electricity from coal or nuclear power stations, there is less of a need to import oil.
Electric cars have some other problems as well. They are more expensive than normal cars. This is mostly due to the high cost of the batteries these cars need. Electric cars run on batteries, just like a mobile phone does: they need to be charged in special places. Another problem is that electric cars cannot travel as far as gas cars. Some people are afraid that the battery will run out of electricity before they reach their destination.
Despite (尽管) these problems, many people, including automobile industry experts, believe that the percentage of electric cars will increase in the future.
31.The underlined word "These" in Paragraph 1 refers to ________.
A. electric cars B. hybrid cars
C. petrol cars D. all of the above
32.Which of the statements of electric cars below is TRUE according to the passage
A. They cause zero pollution.
B. They cause less pollution than gasoline cars.
C. They cause an increase in imported oil.
D. They travel more slowly than gasoline cars.
33.Why are electric cars more expensive than petrol cars
A. Electric cars are more complicated.
B. The batteries of electric cars cost a lot of money.
C. Electric car owners need special places to charge the batteries.
D. The batteries need to be charged often.
34.What do we know about the future of electric cars
A. Fewer people will buy them. B. Governments will support their use.
C. They may become more popular. D. They will get more expensive.
35.What is this passage mainly about
A. An introduction of electric cars.
B. The future of electric cars.
C. Comparing petrol cars with electric cars.
D. How electric cars reduce pollution.
C
When you are in England, you must be very careful in the street because the traffic moves on the left. Before you cross a street, you must look to the right first and then the left.
If the traffic lights are red, the traffic must stop. Then the people on foot can cross the road carefully! If the traffic lights are green, the traffic can go. People mustn't cross. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come back from work, the streets are very busy. Traffic is the most dangerous then.
When you go by bus in Hong Kong, you have to be careful, too. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. Have a look first, or you will go the wrong way.
In Hong Kong, there are big buses with two floors. You can sit on the second floor. From there you can see the city very well. It's very interesting.
36.When you cross a street in England, you must ________.
A. look to the left first and then the right
B. look to the right first and then the left
C. look to the cars and buses
D. look to the left and the right at the same time
37.If the traffic lights are red, ________.
A. the traffic must go B. the people must go
C. the traffic must stop D. the people must stop
38.Traffic is the most dangerous ________.
A. in the morning
B. in the evening
C. when you go the wrong way
D. when people go to or come back from work
39.In Hong Kong, the traffic moves ________.
A. the same way as the cities in China B. on the right
C. the same way as the cities in the UK D. in the middle of the roads
40.If you take a bus with two floors in Hong Kong, you can sit on the second floor because ________.
A. you can see the city very well
B. it is cooler up there
C. you can have a larger seat
D. it is easy for you to know the city well
五、用所给词的适当形式填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
41.Tom's father works in one of the ________ (工厂) in our town.
42.I've heard from my best friend _______(最近).
43.It is reported that the number of working _____(wife) is becoming larger and larger.
44.I am _______(surprise) to hear the news. What about you
45.When she first went to university, she felt very l_____ because she knew no one there.
六、用所给单词的适当形式填空，每个单词限用一次。（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
Nowadays, many people drive their cars to work. There are a lot of cars in the street and the traffic ①_____ (be) very busy. So sometimes it's not easy for people to get to work on time. When you are going to be late, you only dream of ②_____ (take) a plane there. Can your dream come true Yes! You can take a plane only in months!
Four engineers in Germany are interested ③_____ (介词) making planes. They are making a new plane—Lilium jet. It doesn't look like a plane ④_____ (连词) an egg. Many people think it looks funny and interesting. The great "egg" can take two people to the sky and fly three hundred ⑤ _____ (kilometre) in one hour. That's really great.
Some people call Lilium jet "a flying car". Why Firstly, it's not difficult for people to learn to drive it. People can just drive it like driving a car. But it can go ⑥_____ (fast) and farther than a car. ⑦_____ (second), Lilium jet is not very big, only a quarter of a plane. So it doesn't need ⑧_____ (冠词) airport (飞机场). Only a small place is OK. It can stop everywhere. In the future, the "flying car" will come into ⑨_____ (people) life and change our modes of trip (出行方式).
Lilium jet came on the market in 2018. If you want to make your trip easy and interesting, why not ⑩_____ (buy) one I'm sure you will have a good time on it.
七、书面表达（共1小题；满分25分）
不知不觉你已经进入初中学年，回想刚刚上初一时的你，一定发生了不小的变化。请从外貌、兴趣爱好、学习能力三个方面谈谈你的变化以及你对这些变化的感受。
要求：
1. 文章必须包括上述三个方面的要点，还可以适当发挥；
2. 短文连贯。70词左右。开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
The changes to me
I have changed a lot over the years.____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：C
解析：句意: 我祖父过去住在乡下, 但现在他已习惯于住在城里了。used to do sth. 过去常常做某事; get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事。故选C。
2.答案：C
解析：句意：—OMG到底是什么，Suzy？—它代表着"哦，我的上帝"。人们在感到惊讶的时候使用它。考查副词辨析。quickly快速地；finally最终；exactly究竟，到底；carefully仔细地。根据"It stands for 'oh my God'. People use it when they feel surprised."可知答句对OMG做出了解释，由此推出是问OMG到底是什么。故选C。
3.答案：A
解析：句意：奶奶独自生活，但她并不感到孤独。她有很多爱好。考查alone和lonely的用法。alone表示"独自"，可作副词；lonely表示"孤独的"，是形容词，一般作表语，有一定的感彩。第一空是指奶奶一个人生活，应用副词修饰动词，alone符合；第二空是作表语，指奶奶不孤独，lonely符合。故选A。
4.答案：B
解析：句意：除非玛丽邀请我，否则我不会去参加她的聚会。考查连词辨析。however不管怎样；unless除非；because因为；but但是。"she invites me"是"I won't go to Mary's party"的否定条件，因此应用连词unless引导此条件状语从句，unless相当于if…not，意为"除非、如果不"。故选B。
5.答案：D
解析：句意：—朱迪上周怎么处理她的旧衣服了？ —她没有把它们扔掉。相反，她用它们做了一些有用的东西。考查副词辨析。suddenly突然；exactly确切地；unluckily不幸地；instead反而，代替。根据"She didn't throw them away"以及"she made some useful things from them"可推知，前后两句意思发生转折，即她没有扔掉旧衣服, 反而用它们做了一些有用的东西。故选D。
6.答案：A
解析：句意：—我们城市的空气污染非常严重。—我们应该做点什么让我们的城市变得更好。考查名词辨析。pollution污染；resolution决心；reason原因；promise承诺。根据"We should do something to make our city better"可知因为污染比较严重，所以要做一些事情让城市变得更好。故选A。
7.答案：C
解析：句意：我爸爸告诉我，除非我更加努力学习，否则进入一所好高中是不容易的。考查连词。since自从，因为；because因为；unless除非；if如果，是否。根据"it is not easy to enter a good high school"和"I work harder"可知，除非我更加努力学习，否则进入一所好高中是不容易的，故空格处应填unless。故选C。
8.答案：D
解析：句意：尽管上北京大学是很难的，但许多学生试图去上北京大学。考查连词的辨析。if如果；unless除非；before 在……之前；though尽管，虽然。根据"Many students try to go to Peking University...it is very difficult."可知，though尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句，更符合句意。故选D。
9.答案：C
解析：句意：这些天，尽管一些学生病得很重，但他们上课和完成他们的家庭作业很好。我会向他们学习。考查连词辨析。however无论如何，然而；but但是；though尽管；because因为。"they are badly ill"表让步，此处表示尽管病得很重，还是上课并把作业完成得很好，用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
10.答案：C
解析：句意：孟子的母亲为了给他提供最好的环境，进行了三次搬家。考查名词辨析。competition竞争；information信息；environment环境；culture文化。根据常识可知，成语"孟母三迁"讲的是母亲为了给孩子最好的环境进行了三次搬家。故选C。
11.答案：B
解析：句意：—安娜，你读完《小妇人》了吗？—当然，我已经把它还给了图书馆。考查副词辨析。already已经，一般用于肯定句中；yet还，一般用于否定句和疑问句。第一句是疑问句，应用yet；第二句是肯定句，应用already。故选B。
12.答案：A
解析：句意：约翰相当的自律，他很少吃垃圾食品。考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；ever曾经；sometimes有时候；often经常。根据"pretty self-disciplined (自律的)"可知自律应是很少吃垃圾食品。故选A。
13.答案：B
解析：句意：你已经是一个中学生了，你应该照顾你自己。考查副词辨析。yet还，用于否定句和疑问句；already已经，用于肯定句；hardly几乎不，否定意义；even甚至。根据"you should look after yourself"可知，此处表达的是你已经是一个中学生了。already符合语境。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：句意：我已经吃过早餐了，但是我爸爸还没有。考查副词辨析。already"已经"，用于肯定句中；yet"仍然，还"，用于否定句或一般疑问句。根据"I have ... had my breakfast"可知，该句为肯定句，应用already；再根据"my father hasn't ..."可知，此处为否定句，应用yet。故选A。
15.答案：A
解析：句意：一旦我们学会了骑自行车，我们将永远不会忘记如何骑自行车。考查动词辨析。forget忘记；remember记得；realize意识到；wonder想知道。根据"Once we learn how to ride a bike, we will never...how to do it"可知一旦学会了骑自行车，就不会忘记。故选A。
二、完形填空
16.答案：A
解析：句意：他用自行车路线的GPS来作画。paintings绘画；stories故事；money金钱；fun乐趣。根据"In 2016, he started making GPS paintings with cycling routes"可知，用骑行轨迹作画，故选A。
17.答案：B
解析：句意：安东尼·霍伊特以他有趣的GPS绘图而闻名，他之前曾骑行过形成雪人、猫、驯鹿等图片的路线。sorry抱歉的；famous著名的；good好的；ready准备的。根据"for his interesting GPS drawings"可知，以这种特殊的画而闻名，故选B。
18.答案：A
解析：句意：但是他最新的GPS作品—一个大胡子男人却引起了数百万人的兴趣。interested感兴趣的；interesting令人感兴趣的；scared害怕的；moved移动的。根据"This cyclist thanked everyone for their love and support"可知，引起了数百万人的兴趣，修饰人用以ed为结尾的形容词，故选A。
19.答案：D
解析：句意：2021年11月13日，安东尼在伦敦骑行了107公里，用时8个半小时。drove驾驶；walked行走；took带走；cycled骑自行车。本文主要讲述他用骑行轨迹作画，所以此处指骑行了107公里，故选D。
20.答案：C
解析：句意：他在GPS上"画"了一个人，并给他取名为"十一月先生"。carried携带；brought带来；named命名；fought打架。根据"Mr. November"可知，把它命名为"十一月先生"，故选C。
21.答案：D
解析：句意：它打破了吉尼斯世界纪录，在12小时内骑自行车绘制了最大的GPS。at在；to到；on在……上；by通过。by bicycle"骑自行车"，固定搭配，故选D。
22.答案：A
解析：句意：骑自行车是安东尼最喜欢的爱好之一，既锻炼又放松。hobbies爱好；customs习俗；plans计划；ideas想法。根据"Cycling is one of Anthony's favorite"可知，骑行是他的爱好之一，故选A。
23.答案：B
解析：句意：去年，他决定为一个名为"胡子月"的心理健康慈善机构"画"一幅画。found找到；decided决定；refused拒绝；ended结束。根据"to 'paint' a picture for a mental health charity"可知，决定为这家心理慈善机构画一幅画，故选B。
24.答案：C
解析：句意：他想筹集资金，提高人们对男性心理健康的关注。get得到；lose失去；collect收集；waste浪费。根据"He wanted to … money"可知，想通过这个事情来筹钱，故选C。
25.答案：C
解析：句意：他还收到了很多捐款。understood明白；asked询问；received收到；answered回答。根据"a lot of donations"可知，收到了许多捐赠，故选C。
三、阅读理解
A
26.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据"by plane, by train, by ship or by car"可知文章一共提到了坐飞机、坐火车、坐船以及坐小汽车四种方式。故选B。
27.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据"Greg: My favourite way of travelling is by car"可知Greg最喜欢的旅行方式是开车。故选B。
28.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据"Eliza: I love travelling by train best! It's very exciting"可知Eliza认为坐火车旅行让人很兴奋。故选D。
29.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据"Planes are my favourite. It's the fastest way of travelling"可知他认为坐飞机是最快的旅行方式。故选C。
30.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据"I can bring my pet (宠物) dog along"可知Greg希望在旅行时能带着他的宠物狗。故选A。
B
31.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据"In addition, there are some cars that have both an electric motor and a gasoline motor. These types of cars are called hybrid cars." 可知，既有电动机又有汽油发动机的汽车是"混合动力汽车"。故选B。
32.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据"Electric cars are better than petrol cars in several ways. The biggest benefit is reduced pollution." 可知，电动汽车比汽油车造成的污染少。故选B。
33.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据"Electric cars have some other problems as well. They are more expensive than normal cars. This is mostly due to the high cost of the batteries these cars need." 可知，电动车比汽油车贵是因为电动汽车的电池花了很多钱。故选B。
34.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据"Despite these problems, many people, including automobile industry experts, believe that the percentage of electric cars will increase in the future."可知，电动汽车的未来可能会变得更受欢迎。故选C。
35.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章讲述电动汽车的优势和存在的问题，可知这篇文章主要介绍了电动汽车。故选A。
C
36.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据"Before you cross a street, you must look to the right first then the left."可知，在你过马路前，你必须先向右看，然后左看，故选B。
37.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据"If the traffic lights are red, the traffic must stop."可知，如果红灯亮了，车辆必须停下来。故选C。
38.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据"In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come back from work, the streets are very busy. Traffic is the most dangerous then."可知，在早上和晚上，当人们上下班的时候，交通最繁忙，那时最危险。故选D。
39.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据"When you go by bus in Hong Kong, you have to be careful, too. Always remember the traffic moves on the left."可知，香港的车辆也是靠左行驶，和英国一样。故选C。
40.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据"In Hong Kong, there are big buses with two floors. You can sit on the second floor. From there you can see the city very well."可知，在香港，有两层的大巴士，你可以坐在二层。从那里你可以很好地看到这个城市。故选A。
五、用所给词的适当形式填空
41.答案：factories
42.答案：recently
43.答案：wives
44.答案：surprised
45.答案：lonely
六、用所给词的适当形式填空
①is ②taking ③in ④but ⑤kilometres ⑥faster ⑦Second/Secondly ⑧an ⑨people's ⑩buy
解析： ①句意:街上有很多汽车，交通非常繁忙。"traffic"是不可数名词，作主语时，be动词用is。故填is。
②句意:当你要迟到的时候，你只能梦想坐飞机去那里。根据空前的"of"是介词可知，此处要用动名词;take"乘坐(交通工具)"，动词，其动名词为taking。故填taking。
③句意:德国的四位工程师对制造飞机很感兴趣。根据"Four engineers in Germany are interested … making planes."和介词提示可知，此处要填in;be interested in表示"对……感兴趣"，固定短语。故填in。
④句意:它看起来不像飞机，而是一个鸡蛋。根据"It doesn't look like a plane"可知，它看起来不像一架飞机;再根据"an egg"和连词提示可知，前后句是转折关系，应用转折连词but来连接。故填but。
⑤句意:这颗巨大的"蛋"可以带两个人飞到天空，在一小时内飞行300公里。根据空前"three hundred"可知，此处要用名词复数形式;kilometre"公里"，名词，其复数为kilometres。故填kilometres。
⑥句意:但是它可以比汽车跑得更快且更远。根据"and farther than a car"可知，此处要用副词的比较级;fast"快地"，副词，其比较级为faster，表示"更快"。故填faster。
⑦句意:Lilium jet不是很大，只有飞机的四分之一。second"第二"，序数词;根据上文"Firstly"可知，此处要填secondly，表示"其次"。故填secondly。
⑧句意:因此它不需要一个机场。根据"So it doesn't need…airport."和冠词提示可知，此处要用不定冠词表示泛指;airport是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用an。故填an。
⑨句意:这种"会飞的汽车"将进入人们的生活，改变我们的出行方式。根据"life"是名词可知，此处要用名词所有格修饰;people"人们"，名词，其所有格形式为people's。故填people's。
⑩句意:如果你想让你的旅行轻松有趣，为什么不买一个呢 why not do sth."为什么不做某事"，固定结构，此处要填动词原形。故填buy。
七、书面表达
答案：
The changes to me
I have changed a lot over the years. I was a little thin and short when I came into the middle school. At that time, I was interested in computer games and I spent most of my time on them. My parents were worried about me because of my poor study habits.
Now I like sports and I often play basketball with my classmates after school. I become taller and stronger than before. I like reading too. I go to the library to read books every Saturday. Good habits help me study better and keep me healthier. My parents and teachers are pleased with me.
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