高三英语二轮复习写作——Changes Summary writing课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
Summary Writing
概要写作的定义：
A summary of something is a short account of it, which gives the main points but not the details.
Collins English Dictionary
Discover Essay Types
Type Function Structure
人物+时间+地点+事件（起因+发展+结果）
描写某事物的性质功用，即“对象+性质功用+利好”；
针对某问题提出解决方法或措施，即“问题+解决方法”；
介绍某现象及其原因和结果，即“现象+原因+结果”。
论点+论据(+结论)
记叙文
Narration
Tell a story
说明文
Exposition
Merely state the facts
议论文
Argumentation
Convince readers that he is right
Argumentation: to show his opinion about some phenomenon is correct or more truthful than others'.
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science-a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science-a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said, "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together. ''The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities-science-seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so Must the ill always go together with the good Are we biologically programmed for war
Para 1.
Para 2.
Para 3.
Para 4.
Para5
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science-a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science-a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said, "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together. ''The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities-science-seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so Must the ill always go together with the good Are we biologically programmed for war
Para 1.
Para 2.
Para 3.
Para 4.
Para5
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
概要写作步骤：
Step 1 定位
Locate the essential information；
Step2 改写
Rewrite the information in your own words；
Step3 修改
Add some conjunctions and polish your summary.
Para.1
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Read for key points or topic Sentences
Tip1: Key words are often repeated.
Tip2: Sentences beginning with signal words like “but”, “however”,“actually” etc. are often the focus.
Para.1
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Many things caused the changes.
the progress in science

Para.1
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Para.2
①Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. ②It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; ③it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. ④Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
Tip3: Omit detailed information.
Scientific research
Technology
changes
a deeper knowledge
a better understanding
(Sentences 2 & 3 are detailed information of Sentence 1.)
Para.3
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
Para.4
Tip4: Phrases with the same meaning cover the key point.
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
Para.4
Tip5: The topic sentence is not necessarily the first sentence or the last one, but it must convey the main idea.
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
Para.4
connecting sentence
topic sentence
supporting sentence
supporting sentence
supporting sentence
Tip6: If all the supporting sentences give the same evidence, detailed information involved should be presented in the summary.
Para.5
Tip7: Questions can be used to emphasize and express one's opinion.
William Shakespeare said, "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.'' The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so Must the ill always go together with the good Are we biologically programmed for war

It doesn't have to be so.
The ill needn't go together with the good.
Focus on repeated words or phrases;
Notice signal words like “but”, “sadly”, “however”, etc.
Omit detailed information.
The topic sentence is not necessarily the first or the last sentence.
A question can also work as a statement.
How to locate the topic sentence
概要写作三步法：
Step 1 定位
Locate the essential information；
Step2 改写
Rewrite the information in your own words；
Step3 修改
Add some conjunctions and polish your summary.
概要写作之改写微技能：
（1）替换：
同义词替换；单词替换短语；短语替换句子……
（2）转换：
词性转换；句式转换；语态转换；主语转换……
Para.1
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Practice:
Para.1
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
The advance in science contributed most to great changes to human life in the previous century.
Practice:
Para.3
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Para.2
①Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. ②It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; ③it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. ④Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
Tip1：Find the logic between paragraphs and use one sentence to express two or more points(一句多点).
Para.3
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Para.2
①Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. ②It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; ③it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. ④Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
Since then science in physics, biology and the application of technology has benefited us a lot, which will continuously bring greater advantages.
Tip1：Find the logic between paragraphs and use one sentence to express two or more points(一句多点).
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
Para.4
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
Para.4
Man has also applied the creativity of science to destructive weapons, probably damaging the living creatures.
Tip 2: Change the passive voice if necessary.
Para.5
William Shakespeare said, "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.'' The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so Must the ill always go together with the good Are we biologically programmed for war
Tip3: Turn the question into a statement if it is a conclusion or suggestion.
Para.5
William Shakespeare said, "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.'' The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so Must the ill always go together with the good Are we biologically programmed for war
It is worthwhile to consider avoiding the misuse of science.
Step 1 定位
Locate the essential information；
Step2 改写
Rewrite the information in your own words；
Step3 修改
Add some conjunctions and polish your summary.
概要写作三步法：
The advance in science contributed most to great changes to human life in the previous century.
Since then science in physics, biology and the application of technology has benefited us a lot, which will continuously bring greater advantages.
Man has also applied the creativity of science to destructive weapons, probably damaging the living creatures.
It is worthwhile to consider avoiding the misuse of science.
However/ Unfortunately
Therefore/ In conclusion
The advance in science contributed most to great changes to human life in the previous century. Since then science in physics, biology and the application of technology has benefited us a lot, which will continuously bring greater advantages. Unfortunately, man has also applied the creativity of science to destructive weapons, probably damaging the living creatures. Therefore, It is worthwhile to consider avoiding the misuse of science. (66 words)
One possible version
Check if you have covered all the key points.
Check if there is any mistake in your writing.
Check whether any logical connectives are needed.
Make sure the number of words is more than 40 and less than 80.
Make sure your handwriting is good enough.
How to Polish Your Summary
[概要写作失分点]
A类（文章逻辑）
A1. 要点遗漏 A2. 概括性不够，保留过多细节
A3. 语句少连接，要点不连贯 A4. 表述不客观，参入个人观点和情感 A5. 照抄原文的语句 A6. 人称不一致
A7. 未呈现在一个段落中
B类（词汇和语法）
B1. 单词拼写出错 B2. 词性出错，名词单复数出错
B3. 谓语动词出错：时态语态 ，主谓一致 B4. 非谓语动词出错
B5. 句法出错：缺乏连词 B6. 介词、冠词、代词等虚词问题
C类（卷面）
C1. 词数少于40或多余80 词 C2. 书写差，涂改严重 C3. 标点符号随意
Homework：
Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.
Polish your summary before handing in.
Wish you the best of luck for every exam of life！
May you get success on every step！