人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists A卷 基础夯实单元达标测试卷（含解析）
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Unit 1 Science and Scientists A卷 基础夯实—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What a Scientist Is Like
If you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image would come to your mind The common idea that most kids from kindergarten through college have of a scientist is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and several glass cups of mysterious colourful liquids giving off clouds of smoke. As for adults, the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away in a lonely laboratory. However, the reality is quite different.
Recently I've had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my laboratory and into Costa Rica. It supports a huge amount of wildlife due to its geographical placement between North and South America. It is home to more than 500,000 species, which are at present nearly 4% of the total species worldwide!
First we worked alongside conservationists to preserve wildlife at a leatherback turtle(棱皮龟) rescue centre. We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to come out. After that we stayed at Mount Arenal where we studied seismic activity relating to earthquakes. During our stay at Arenal, we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest. After reaching the top, we went down and through waterfalls to the beautiful valley below! On the last day we got a hands-on introduction to rocket science where we learnt about new rocket technology that will be used on the international space station.
During my Costa Rica experience, I know that being a scientist doesn't mean working in a lab all day and night. A scientist is one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world from helping preserve wildlife, learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets. I think that schools should really stress that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals. Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring!
1.According to the first paragraph, scientists are often believed _____.
A. to work as slaves B. to behave in a strange way
C. to spend too much time in labs D. to do experiments in messy labs
2.How did the author help to preserve the turtle populations
A. By creating a safe nest for turtles.
B. By picking up rubbish from the shoreline.
C. By collecting the turtle eggs on the beach.
D. By finding a comfortable environment for turtles.
3.What does the author learn about science from his experience
A. Science is full of boring experiments.
B. Science is more than working in a lab.
C. Science is related to mysterious liquids.
D. Science is about wildlife and earthquakes.
4.What is the purpose of this passage
A. To encourage kids to study science.
B. To tell the story of travelling in Costa Rica.
C. To expect more people to travel in Costa Rica.
D. To share the secrets behind science phenomena.
B
In June, 2007, a group of students from eight high-schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada's Manitoba Province, will begin test-launching(试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik's cube.
The one-kilogram Win-Cube satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.
There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school-based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba's high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.
The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program . It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.
"These Manitoba's high school students deserve congratulations for their brilliance, innovation(创新), and a strong love for discovery," said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. "We want to make science more relevant, vivid and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space," Bjomson added.
The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba's devotion to research and innovation and the development of as killed workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth.
5.According to the passage, what can we know about the Win-Cube satellite
A.It is named after Manitoba and its shape.
B.It is intended for international communication.
C.It is designed like a Rubik's cube in size.
D.It is challenged by university students around the world.
6.What can we learn from Mr. Bjomson
A.Those Manitoba's high school students are worth praising.
B.The study of space can be practically made in classrooms.
C.Manitoba's high schools are famous for the study of space.
D. Scientific research is too far away from high school students.
7.What may be the best title for the passage
A.Manitoba's Schools B.The Win-Cube Program
C.Space Cooperation D.Satellite Launching
C
What if we had the power to control time, instead of moving from the past to the present to the future What if we could jump, loop and travel through time in a machine What if we could go wherever and whenever we pleased
This ability would allow us to witness historic wonders, change decisions and see people from the past. We could right wrongs and stop wars breaking out once and for all.
The mysterious puzzle of time has kept people debating its nature for hundreds of years. Science fiction writers have turned it into imaginative stories. Some scientists have even attempted to explain it using math. This math tries to make the dream of time travel come true.
The gifted scientist Albert Einstein said that time and space are one thing. He called it "spacetime". Einstein said that there are three dimensions in space: height, width and depth. A mathematician named Hermann Minkowski added time as a fourth dimension.
Einstein introduced two ideas that have led to theories about the possibility of time travel. The first is relativity. The idea of relativity is that the force of gravity causes space to bend, which causes time to twist. The second idea focuses on special relativity. The idea is that a traveler moving super fast through flat spacetime will enter the future. Einstein considered time "relative" because it is measured based on where we are on Earth or in space.
Stephen Hawking is a famous scientist. He believed that a time machine would never be built. If it were possible, he thought, we would already know. If a time machine could be built, how come no one from the future has invaded us
The first science fiction story about this theme is The Clock That Went Backward by Edward P. Mitchell, which was published in 1881. Since then, thousands of books, films and television shows linked to this theme have explored the idea of time travel, in which some tools such as phones, watches, photographs and old books take travelers backward and forward.
Will time travel ever happen Who knows The most important thing is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder.
8.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To show time and space are connected.
B.To show people's interest in time travel.
C.To draw readers' attention to time travel.
D.To make people believe time travel is possible.
9.Which of the following statements could Einstein agree with
A.Time travel is possible in the future.
B.People can't move faster than light.
C.Time travel is against scientific rules.
D.Spacetime is not a real thing in theory.
10.What is the last but one paragraph mainly about
A.The first science fiction story. B.Some tools used in time travel.
C.Edward P. Mitchell, the pioneer. D.Different works about time travel.
11.What is the writer's attitude toward time travel
A.Cautious. B.Approving. C.Doubtful. D.Hopeful.
D
The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it appears that some can count, too.
Jennifer Vonk, from Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots(点) on a computer screen. In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose. The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws.
As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the colored dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger colored area. This could be explained by the bears' distinguishing the different areas of color rather than truly counting the dots. However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.
Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was not defeated. He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total colored area of the dots at the same time.
It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.
12.What task did the scientists set for the three bears
A.Distinguishing different dot patterns.
B.Figuring out different colors of dots.
C.Putting the dots into differently colored groups.
D.Picking out the group with a larger number of dots.
13.For the bears,the task was easier when _____.
A.the colored dots were moving slowly B.the dot patterns were regular in shape
C.the dots followed a path on the screen D.more dots covered a larger colored area
14.What may explain the bears' high degree of intelligence
A.They learn skills from other animals. B.They face life challenges on their own.
C.They feed on a diverse range of food. D.They have complex social networks.
15.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Bears Taught to Distinguish Colors B.New Evidence of Bear Intelligence Found
C.Three Bears Learned How to Count D.The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Maybe you're a young outstanding scientist wanting to have an influence on the world, or a more seasoned veteran of scientific study who is curious about how to get better at your job. Either way, there are several key steps to develop your ability to make positive contributions to the world.
Experiment with new ideas. An important part of scientific discovery is the result of hard work and luck. Luck has frequently played a large role in scientific discovery. ①_____ You never know when experimentation and luck will collide(碰撞) to create an important discovery.
Be open to failure. You may think a scientist should be smart, gifted, skilled in mathematics, and precise. ②_____ Being a scientist is 90% failure and 10% success.
Take charge of your ideas. Challenge yourself to come up with one idea related to your project a day. ③_____ As a scientist in a competitive field, you need to create your own opportunities by owning your ideas and working hard to develop them further.
Practice your writing skills. ④_____ Try to do a little writing every day, and put your ideas or thinking down on the page so you can get into the habit of recording your ideas, which could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your latest scientific theory.
⑤_____ Though hard work is necessary to be a good scientist, it's important to strike a balance between professional work and personal downtime. Don't let yourself get burnt out.
A.Keep a balance between hard work and rest.
B.So, don't be afraid to play around with new ideas.
C.You will do better work if you work with someone else.
D.Create a writing process that works for you and stick to it.
E.You should be open to the solutions made by others in the field.
F.Though some of them will be bad, many could lead to a new experiment or theory.
G.However, an important quality a good scientist should have is a willingness to fail.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When life hands you lemons — well, don't even bother. Sixth-grader Jamaria Crump has already set an example. It took her one year to perfect her 1 lemonade recipe (食谱) along with some desserts that made her business, LemonTopia, a 2 . And what is even more amazing is that, with some help from her 3 , Jamaria set up LemonTopia.
"She had 4 for a lemonade stand for a year before I let her do it," said her mom, Jasmine Hall. When Jamaria's previous school announced a bake sale(烤饼义卖), it was the perfect 5 . But the school told her she had to offer baked food 6 lemonade. So Jamaria added cookies and cheesecake. After the bake sale, she kept 7 at school and community events.
"It continued in different places 8 she served a party at the city hall," Jasmine said. "We made a fortune at the party." And with that money, Jamaria 9 her mother for working at the stand. "She's a kid, so sometimes she wants to 10 such as going to the concert," Jasmine said. "If I have to 11 for her, she will offer me money hourly." The market manager said Jamaria's "drinks and snacks are the special, cheerful presence in the market". 12 , the market is competitive so Jamaria has to 13 ways to drum up business. Fortunately, she has shown her 14 as she developed lemonade with new flavors.
"I'm very 15 of my daughter for sticking with it," said Jasmine.
1.A. complex B. expensive C. unique D. familiar
2.A. hit B. reality C. record D. test
3.A. dad B. mom C. friends D. classmates
4.A. applied B. looked C. acted D. begged
5.A. challenge B. phenomenon C. opportunity D. achievement
6.A. in spite of B. rather than C. in addition to D. in place of
7.A. selling B. wandering C. exhibiting D. advertising
8.A. when B. until C. unless D. after
9.A. praised B. pleased C. paid D. persuaded
10.A. study B. succeed C. play D. work
11.A. fill in B. show up C. turn out D. come along
12.A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides
13.A. appeal for B. deal with C. come up with D. take over
14.A. responsibility B. choice C. determination D. expectation
15.A. fond B. ashamed C. tired D. proud
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cholera, as ①_____ type of deadly disease of1its day, threatened ordinary people. John Snow was ②_____(determine) to solve this problem. He knew that only if he found its cause would it be controlled.
There were two theories that ③_____(possible) explained how people got infected. John Snow ④_____(subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
In 1854, another outbreak of cholera hit London. Snow decided to have an ⑤_____(investigate). He marked the places on a map, ⑥_____ gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths ⑦_____ these people drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was ⑧_____(blame). He made further research and concluded that polluted water led ⑨_____ the disease. Finally "King Cholera" ⑩_____(defeat).
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华, 与你以前的外籍教师Mrs. Green—直保持联系。Mrs. Green得知你校将在下周举办科技节, 她来信询问你校该活动的安排。请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。
(1)介绍你校科技节(科技活动及其成果展示, 如智能机器人竞赛等);
(2)活动的意义;
(3)希望她有机会来你校参加活动。
注意:
(1)词数不少于80;
(2)可适当加入细节, 使内容充实、行文连贯;
(3)开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇: Science and Technology Festival科技节
Dear Mrs. Green,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
The most important change in a person's life is the change of his or her attitude. Right attitudes produce right actions. Have you ever met someone who gave you a different view of life
On a Sunday morning, I saw something very interesting as I went to the greengrocer's. To get there, I had to cross a bridge over railway tracks. The bridge was pretty high. A set of steep steps had to be climbed; then the bridge flattened out(变平), followed by coming down another set of steps. On my way back from the greengrocer's, I saw an elderly gentleman running up the steps. After watching him run up the steps so fast, I thought that he could be in a rush.
Before I knew it, he had crossed the bridge, and then he ran back to where he started. To my surprise, he did not stop. He turned around, and then went up and down the bridge again. He was not struggling, and seemed to enjoy going up and down the bridge. Being a fitness fanatic(热衷于健身的人) myself, I admired his ability to cross the bridge so quickly. My curiosity got the better of me, and I came up to him to have a chat with him.
"Excuse me, sir. Are you training for an event " I asked.
He stopped. "No, not training for an event. Well, I am training for life," he said with a broad smile on his face as sweat rolled down his cheeks.
I told him that I had been looking for a role model of fitness, and that I hoped to be as strong as he is when I get to his age. He said that everyone has a choice about what they do with their life. "I am not different," he added. With much admiration, I asked, "What drives you to maintain good health "
Then he told me the accident he met with when he was young.
Paragraph 1:
"I used to be a cyclist," he said.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
His great determination paid off, and he was able to walk again.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away in a lonely laboratory可知,人们通常认为科学家大多数时间都在实验室做实验。故选C项。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to create a safe environment for turtle eggs tocome out.可知,作者是通过清除海岸上的垃圾来为海龟蛋顺利出壳创造安全环境的方式帮助海龟的。故选B项。
3.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I know that being a scientist doesn’t mean working in a lab all day and night 和science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals 可知,作者通过这次经历,了解了科学并不仅仅意味着在实验室工作。故选B项。
4.答案：A
解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段最后两句I think that schools should really stress that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals. Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring!可推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励孩子们去学习科学，真正了解科学。
B
5.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“will begin test-launching a satellite the size of a Rubik's cube”可知,Win-Cube 卫星在大小上设计得像魔方。故选C。
6.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“These Manitoba's high school students deserve congratulations for their brilliance, innovation, and a strong love for discovery”可知,Mr. Bjomson认为这些马尼托巴省的高中生因他们的才华、创新和对发现的强烈热爱而值得被祝贺,所以这些马尼托巴省的高中生值得表扬。故选A。
7.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。本文第一段引出“Win-Cube”项目,下面几段详细说明了它的名字及用途、它的参与人员、对它的评价以及它的目的,所以本文的最佳标题为:“Win-Cube”项目。故选B。
C
8.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。在第一段作者提出了几个假设“如果我们有能力控制时间,而不是从过去到现在再到未来,会怎样 如果我们能在一台机器里跳跃、循环和穿越时间会怎样 如果我们可以想去哪儿就去哪儿,想什么时候去就什么时候去会怎样 ”然后开始介绍时间旅行这一话题,故推断作者写第一段的目的是吸引读者对时间旅行的注意。故选C。
9.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段首句可知,爱因斯坦提出了两种观点,这两种观点引出了关于时间旅行的可能性的理论。由此可推知,爱因斯坦会同意A项“时间旅行在未来是可能的”的说法。
10.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。倒数第二段介绍了第一个以时间旅行为主题的科幻故事,此后,出现了成千上万的探讨时间旅行的书籍、电影和电视节目。由此可知,倒数第二段的主要内容是介绍关于时间旅行的不同作品。故选D。
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The most important thing is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder.”可知,作者认为最重要的事情是睁大眼睛并保持一种好奇感,故推断作者对时间旅行是抱有希望的,故选D。
D
12.答案：D
解析：密歇根州奥克兰大学的Jennifer Vonk和乔治亚州立大学的 Michael Beran让三只美国黑熊承担在电脑屏幕上区分点数量较多和较少的点组的任务。故选D。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns...took up a larger colored area.可知, 熊最擅长的图案是那些不动的彩色的点, 而且更多的点占据了更大的彩色区域, take up意为"占据(时间、空间)", 故选D项。
14.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food.可知, 熊的高智商表现在它们独自面对生活的挑战, 故选B项。
15.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。本文第一段说明熊变得更聪明了, 并介绍了一些新的发现, 为证明熊是一种高智商动物提供了证据, 由此可推知, B项"发现了证明熊的智力的新证据"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
第二节
答案：BGFDA
解析：①细节句。根据本段主旨句以及设空处上句可知,要尝试新想法,因为运气在科学发现中经常扮演重要角色,所以不要害怕尝试新的想法,我们不知道什么时候实验和运气会发生碰撞而产生重大发现。此处强调新想法的重要性,B项符合语境。
②过渡句。设空处上句提到“你可能认为科学家应该聪明、有天赋、擅长数学且一丝不苟”,设空处下句提到“当一名科学家,失败占90%,成功占10%”。G项“然而,一名优秀的科学家应该具备的一个重要品质是愿意失败”与上句构成转折关系,与下句存在顺承关系,承上启下,符合语境。
③细节句。根据设空处下句内容可知,作为竞争性领域的科学家,你需要通过拥有自己的想法并努力进一步发展它们来创造自己的机会,所以虽然我们每天提出来的想法中有一些是不好的,但许多可能会导致一个新的实验或理论。F项符合语境。
④细节句。根据本段主旨句可知,本段主要讲练习你的写作技巧,D项“创造一个适合自己的写作过程,并坚持下去”符合该段主旨,且下文的“Try to do a little writing every day”是该项中“stick to it”的具体体现。
⑤主旨句。根据2~5段开头语可知,设空处应是本段主旨句,应使用祈使句的形式。下文说到了虽然努力工作对成为一名优秀的科学家来说是必不可少的,但平衡好专业的工作和个人的休息是非常重要的,A项“保持努力工作和休息之间的平衡”符合本段主旨。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CABDC 6-10 CABCC 11-15 ABCAD
解析：1.根据下文中的"drinks and snacks are the special, cheerful presence in the market"可知,Jamaria的产品比较独特,故此处表示她花了一年的时间来完善自己独特的配方。
2.根据下文可知,Jamaria的生意取得了成功,其产品很受欢迎。hit在此处作名词,意为"很受欢迎的事物"。
3.根据下文中的"Jamaria 9 her mother for working at the stand"可知,Jamaria在母亲的帮助下创办了LemonTopia。
4.根据上下文可知,此处表示Jamaria的母亲过了一年才同意她摆摊卖柠檬汽水的恳求。beg for的意思是"恳求"。
5.根据语境可知,这次义卖活动对于Jamaria来说是一次绝佳的机会(opportunity)。
6.根据下文中的"So Jamaria added cookies and cheesecake"可知,校方要求她除了卖柠檬汽水之外还必须卖烘焙食物。in addition to的意思是"除……之外(还)"。
7.根据语境可知,在烤饼义卖活动后,她继续在学校和社区活动中售卖自己的柠檬汽水和甜点。
8.根据语境可知,此处表示她一直在不同的地方售卖产品,直到她给在市政厅举办的一个聚会供应食品。
9.根据下文中的"she will offer me money hourly"可知,Jamaria给母亲支付经营摊位的工资。
10.Jamaria毕竟是个孩子,有时她想去玩,所以她的母亲就不得不临时替她经营摊位。
11.参见上题解析。fill in"暂时代替,临时补缺";show up"出现";turn out"出席(某项活动),在场";come along"到达,跟随"。
12.根据语境可知,此处表示转折关系,故选B。
13.市场竞争激烈,所以Jamaria必须得想出(come up with)办法去兜揽生意。drum up表示"竭力争取(支持);兜揽(生意)"。appeal for"恳求,呼吁";deal with"处理";take over"接管,接收"。
14.根据下文中的"she developed lemonade with new flavors"和"sticking with it"可知,Jamaria研发柠檬汽水的新口味去应对激烈的市场竞争,坚持经营这份事业,这体现出了她对这份事业的责任心。故选A。
15.结合语境以及空后的"for sticking with it"可知,Jamaria的母亲为她感到非常骄傲(proud)。
第二节
答案：①a②determined③possibly④subscribed⑤investigation⑥which⑦because⑧to blame⑨to⑩was defeated
解析：①考查冠词。此处指霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示一种致命的疾病,应用不定冠词表泛指,type以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
②考查形容词。be determined to do...意为“下定决心做……”,故填determined。
③考查副词。设空处作状语修饰动词explained,应填副词possibly,意为“可能地”。
④考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。
⑤考查名词。设空处作have的宾语且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知应用名词investigation。
⑥考查定语从句的引导词。设空处前是一个完整的句子,且前面有逗号隔开,设空处所在的句子缺少主语,由此推断设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句的内容,设空处在从句中作主语,故填which。
⑦考查从属连词。此处指一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。故填because。
⑧考查固定搭配。be to blame意为“负有责任”,故填to blame。
⑨考查介词。lead to导致。故填to。
⑩考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时;“霍乱王”与“打败”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;由主语为“King Cholera”可知谓语动词用单数。故填was defeated。
第三节
答案：
Dear Mrs. Green,
How are you doing I'm glad to know that you are interested in the Science and Technology Festival, which is scheduled for next week at our school. And I'd like to give you a detailed account of it.
As you know, recent years have witnessed great achievements in after-school activities related to science and technology at our school. Therefore, it will be a hard-won opportunity for you to attend the Science and Technology Festival. During the festival, AI robot competitions will be performed, which will absolutely highlight the festival and give you a general knowledge of the efforts we students have made.
I believe that the festival will inspire our innovative spirit. I am looking forward to your joining us then.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：
Paragraph 1:
“I used to be a cyclist,” he said. “Competing in cycling events is what I loved and enjoyed.” Then he told me why he stopped cycling. While cycling one day, he was hit by a car. The doctor told him that he might never walk again. He refused to believe that. So, he was determined not to let the accident prevent him from walking again.
Paragraph 2:
His great determination paid off, and he was able to walk again. His love for life and for fitness is what makes him cross the bridge many times. Moved by his story, I told him that it was an honour to meet a role model like him. I shook his hand, thanked him for having a chat with me, and let him continue with his exercise. As I walked away, my admiration for him grew even more because of his attitude to life.
2
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What a Scientist Is Like
If you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image would come to your mind The common idea that most kids from kindergarten through college have of a scientist is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and several glass cups of mysterious colourful liquids giving off clouds of smoke. As for adults, the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away in a lonely laboratory. However, the reality is quite different.
Recently I've had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my laboratory and into Costa Rica. It supports a huge amount of wildlife due to its geographical placement between North and South America. It is home to more than 500,000 species, which are at present nearly 4% of the total species worldwide!
First we worked alongside conservationists to preserve wildlife at a leatherback turtle(棱皮龟) rescue centre. We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to come out. After that we stayed at Mount Arenal where we studied seismic activity relating to earthquakes. During our stay at Arenal, we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest. After reaching the top, we went down and through waterfalls to the beautiful valley below! On the last day we got a hands-on introduction to rocket science where we learnt about new rocket technology that will be used on the international space station.
During my Costa Rica experience, I know that being a scientist doesn't mean working in a lab all day and night. A scientist is one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world from helping preserve wildlife, learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets. I think that schools should really stress that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals. Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring!
1.According to the first paragraph, scientists are often believed _____.
A. to work as slaves B. to behave in a strange way
C. to spend too much time in labs D. to do experiments in messy labs
2.How did the author help to preserve the turtle populations
A. By creating a safe nest for turtles.
B. By picking up rubbish from the shoreline.
C. By collecting the turtle eggs on the beach.
D. By finding a comfortable environment for turtles.
3.What does the author learn about science from his experience
A. Science is full of boring experiments.
B. Science is more than working in a lab.
C. Science is related to mysterious liquids.
D. Science is about wildlife and earthquakes.
4.What is the purpose of this passage
A. To encourage kids to study science.
B. To tell the story of travelling in Costa Rica.
C. To expect more people to travel in Costa Rica.
D. To share the secrets behind science phenomena.
B
In June, 2007, a group of students from eight high-schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada's Manitoba Province, will begin test-launching(试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik's cube.
The one-kilogram Win-Cube satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.
There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school-based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba's high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.
The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program . It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.
"These Manitoba's high school students deserve congratulations for their brilliance, innovation(创新), and a strong love for discovery," said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. "We want to make science more relevant, vivid and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space," Bjomson added.
The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba's devotion to research and innovation and the development of as killed workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth.
5.According to the passage, what can we know about the Win-Cube satellite
A.It is named after Manitoba and its shape.
B.It is intended for international communication.
C.It is designed like a Rubik's cube in size.
D.It is challenged by university students around the world.
6.What can we learn from Mr. Bjomson
A.Those Manitoba's high school students are worth praising.
B.The study of space can be practically made in classrooms.
C.Manitoba's high schools are famous for the study of space.
D. Scientific research is too far away from high school students.
7.What may be the best title for the passage
A.Manitoba's Schools B.The Win-Cube Program
C.Space Cooperation D.Satellite Launching
C
What if we had the power to control time, instead of moving from the past to the present to the future What if we could jump, loop and travel through time in a machine What if we could go wherever and whenever we pleased
This ability would allow us to witness historic wonders, change decisions and see people from the past. We could right wrongs and stop wars breaking out once and for all.
The mysterious puzzle of time has kept people debating its nature for hundreds of years. Science fiction writers have turned it into imaginative stories. Some scientists have even attempted to explain it using math. This math tries to make the dream of time travel come true.
The gifted scientist Albert Einstein said that time and space are one thing. He called it "spacetime". Einstein said that there are three dimensions in space: height, width and depth. A mathematician named Hermann Minkowski added time as a fourth dimension.
Einstein introduced two ideas that have led to theories about the possibility of time travel. The first is relativity. The idea of relativity is that the force of gravity causes space to bend, which causes time to twist. The second idea focuses on special relativity. The idea is that a traveler moving super fast through flat spacetime will enter the future. Einstein considered time "relative" because it is measured based on where we are on Earth or in space.
Stephen Hawking is a famous scientist. He believed that a time machine would never be built. If it were possible, he thought, we would already know. If a time machine could be built, how come no one from the future has invaded us
The first science fiction story about this theme is The Clock That Went Backward by Edward P. Mitchell, which was published in 1881. Since then, thousands of books, films and television shows linked to this theme have explored the idea of time travel, in which some tools such as phones, watches, photographs and old books take travelers backward and forward.
Will time travel ever happen Who knows The most important thing is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder.
8.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To show time and space are connected.
B.To show people's interest in time travel.
C.To draw readers' attention to time travel.
D.To make people believe time travel is possible.
9.Which of the following statements could Einstein agree with
A.Time travel is possible in the future.
B.People can't move faster than light.
C.Time travel is against scientific rules.
D.Spacetime is not a real thing in theory.
10.What is the last but one paragraph mainly about
A.The first science fiction story. B.Some tools used in time travel.
C.Edward P. Mitchell, the pioneer. D.Different works about time travel.
11.What is the writer's attitude toward time travel
A.Cautious. B.Approving. C.Doubtful. D.Hopeful.
D
The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it appears that some can count, too.
Jennifer Vonk, from Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots(点) on a computer screen. In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose. The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws.
As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the colored dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger colored area. This could be explained by the bears' distinguishing the different areas of color rather than truly counting the dots. However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.
Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was not defeated. He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total colored area of the dots at the same time.
It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.
12.What task did the scientists set for the three bears
A.Distinguishing different dot patterns.
B.Figuring out different colors of dots.
C.Putting the dots into differently colored groups.
D.Picking out the group with a larger number of dots.
13.For the bears,the task was easier when _____.
A.the colored dots were moving slowly B.the dot patterns were regular in shape
C.the dots followed a path on the screen D.more dots covered a larger colored area
14.What may explain the bears' high degree of intelligence
A.They learn skills from other animals. B.They face life challenges on their own.
C.They feed on a diverse range of food. D.They have complex social networks.
15.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Bears Taught to Distinguish Colors B.New Evidence of Bear Intelligence Found
C.Three Bears Learned How to Count D.The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Maybe you're a young outstanding scientist wanting to have an influence on the world, or a more seasoned veteran of scientific study who is curious about how to get better at your job. Either way, there are several key steps to develop your ability to make positive contributions to the world.
Experiment with new ideas. An important part of scientific discovery is the result of hard work and luck. Luck has frequently played a large role in scientific discovery. ①_____ You never know when experimentation and luck will collide(碰撞) to create an important discovery.
Be open to failure. You may think a scientist should be smart, gifted, skilled in mathematics, and precise. ②_____ Being a scientist is 90% failure and 10% success.
Take charge of your ideas. Challenge yourself to come up with one idea related to your project a day. ③_____ As a scientist in a competitive field, you need to create your own opportunities by owning your ideas and working hard to develop them further.
Practice your writing skills. ④_____ Try to do a little writing every day, and put your ideas or thinking down on the page so you can get into the habit of recording your ideas, which could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your latest scientific theory.
⑤_____ Though hard work is necessary to be a good scientist, it's important to strike a balance between professional work and personal downtime. Don't let yourself get burnt out.
A.Keep a balance between hard work and rest.
B.So, don't be afraid to play around with new ideas.
C.You will do better work if you work with someone else.
D.Create a writing process that works for you and stick to it.
E.You should be open to the solutions made by others in the field.
F.Though some of them will be bad, many could lead to a new experiment or theory.
G.However, an important quality a good scientist should have is a willingness to fail.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When life hands you lemons — well, don't even bother. Sixth-grader Jamaria Crump has already set an example. It took her one year to perfect her 1 lemonade recipe (食谱) along with some desserts that made her business, LemonTopia, a 2 . And what is even more amazing is that, with some help from her 3 , Jamaria set up LemonTopia.
"She had 4 for a lemonade stand for a year before I let her do it," said her mom, Jasmine Hall. When Jamaria's previous school announced a bake sale(烤饼义卖), it was the perfect 5 . But the school told her she had to offer baked food 6 lemonade. So Jamaria added cookies and cheesecake. After the bake sale, she kept 7 at school and community events.
"It continued in different places 8 she served a party at the city hall," Jasmine said. "We made a fortune at the party." And with that money, Jamaria 9 her mother for working at the stand. "She's a kid, so sometimes she wants to 10 such as going to the concert," Jasmine said. "If I have to 11 for her, she will offer me money hourly." The market manager said Jamaria's "drinks and snacks are the special, cheerful presence in the market". 12 , the market is competitive so Jamaria has to 13 ways to drum up business. Fortunately, she has shown her 14 as she developed lemonade with new flavors.
"I'm very 15 of my daughter for sticking with it," said Jasmine.
1.A. complex B. expensive C. unique D. familiar
2.A. hit B. reality C. record D. test
3.A. dad B. mom C. friends D. classmates
4.A. applied B. looked C. acted D. begged
5.A. challenge B. phenomenon C. opportunity D. achievement
6.A. in spite of B. rather than C. in addition to D. in place of
7.A. selling B. wandering C. exhibiting D. advertising
8.A. when B. until C. unless D. after
9.A. praised B. pleased C. paid D. persuaded
10.A. study B. succeed C. play D. work
11.A. fill in B. show up C. turn out D. come along
12.A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides
13.A. appeal for B. deal with C. come up with D. take over
14.A. responsibility B. choice C. determination D. expectation
15.A. fond B. ashamed C. tired D. proud
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cholera, as ①_____ type of deadly disease of1its day, threatened ordinary people. John Snow was ②_____(determine) to solve this problem. He knew that only if he found its cause would it be controlled.
There were two theories that ③_____(possible) explained how people got infected. John Snow ④_____(subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
In 1854, another outbreak of cholera hit London. Snow decided to have an ⑤_____(investigate). He marked the places on a map, ⑥_____ gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths ⑦_____ these people drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was ⑧_____(blame). He made further research and concluded that polluted water led ⑨_____ the disease. Finally "King Cholera" ⑩_____(defeat).
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华, 与你以前的外籍教师Mrs. Green—直保持联系。Mrs. Green得知你校将在下周举办科技节, 她来信询问你校该活动的安排。请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。
(1)介绍你校科技节(科技活动及其成果展示, 如智能机器人竞赛等);
(2)活动的意义;
(3)希望她有机会来你校参加活动。
注意:
(1)词数不少于80;
(2)可适当加入细节, 使内容充实、行文连贯;
(3)开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇: Science and Technology Festival科技节
Dear Mrs. Green,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
The most important change in a person's life is the change of his or her attitude. Right attitudes produce right actions. Have you ever met someone who gave you a different view of life
On a Sunday morning, I saw something very interesting as I went to the greengrocer's. To get there, I had to cross a bridge over railway tracks. The bridge was pretty high. A set of steep steps had to be climbed; then the bridge flattened out(变平), followed by coming down another set of steps. On my way back from the greengrocer's, I saw an elderly gentleman running up the steps. After watching him run up the steps so fast, I thought that he could be in a rush.
Before I knew it, he had crossed the bridge, and then he ran back to where he started. To my surprise, he did not stop. He turned around, and then went up and down the bridge again. He was not struggling, and seemed to enjoy going up and down the bridge. Being a fitness fanatic(热衷于健身的人) myself, I admired his ability to cross the bridge so quickly. My curiosity got the better of me, and I came up to him to have a chat with him.
"Excuse me, sir. Are you training for an event " I asked.
He stopped. "No, not training for an event. Well, I am training for life," he said with a broad smile on his face as sweat rolled down his cheeks.
I told him that I had been looking for a role model of fitness, and that I hoped to be as strong as he is when I get to his age. He said that everyone has a choice about what they do with their life. "I am not different," he added. With much admiration, I asked, "What drives you to maintain good health "
Then he told me the accident he met with when he was young.
Paragraph 1:
"I used to be a cyclist," he said.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
His great determination paid off, and he was able to walk again.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away in a lonely laboratory可知,人们通常认为科学家大多数时间都在实验室做实验。故选C项。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to create a safe environment for turtle eggs tocome out.可知,作者是通过清除海岸上的垃圾来为海龟蛋顺利出壳创造安全环境的方式帮助海龟的。故选B项。
3.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I know that being a scientist doesn’t mean working in a lab all day and night 和science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals 可知,作者通过这次经历,了解了科学并不仅仅意味着在实验室工作。故选B项。
4.答案：A
解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段最后两句I think that schools should really stress that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals. Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring!可推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励孩子们去学习科学，真正了解科学。
B
5.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“will begin test-launching a satellite the size of a Rubik's cube”可知,Win-Cube 卫星在大小上设计得像魔方。故选C。
6.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“These Manitoba's high school students deserve congratulations for their brilliance, innovation, and a strong love for discovery”可知,Mr. Bjomson认为这些马尼托巴省的高中生因他们的才华、创新和对发现的强烈热爱而值得被祝贺,所以这些马尼托巴省的高中生值得表扬。故选A。
7.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。本文第一段引出“Win-Cube”项目,下面几段详细说明了它的名字及用途、它的参与人员、对它的评价以及它的目的,所以本文的最佳标题为:“Win-Cube”项目。故选B。
C
8.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。在第一段作者提出了几个假设“如果我们有能力控制时间,而不是从过去到现在再到未来,会怎样 如果我们能在一台机器里跳跃、循环和穿越时间会怎样 如果我们可以想去哪儿就去哪儿,想什么时候去就什么时候去会怎样 ”然后开始介绍时间旅行这一话题,故推断作者写第一段的目的是吸引读者对时间旅行的注意。故选C。
9.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段首句可知,爱因斯坦提出了两种观点,这两种观点引出了关于时间旅行的可能性的理论。由此可推知,爱因斯坦会同意A项“时间旅行在未来是可能的”的说法。
10.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。倒数第二段介绍了第一个以时间旅行为主题的科幻故事,此后,出现了成千上万的探讨时间旅行的书籍、电影和电视节目。由此可知,倒数第二段的主要内容是介绍关于时间旅行的不同作品。故选D。
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The most important thing is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder.”可知,作者认为最重要的事情是睁大眼睛并保持一种好奇感,故推断作者对时间旅行是抱有希望的,故选D。
D
12.答案：D
解析：密歇根州奥克兰大学的Jennifer Vonk和乔治亚州立大学的 Michael Beran让三只美国黑熊承担在电脑屏幕上区分点数量较多和较少的点组的任务。故选D。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns...took up a larger colored area.可知, 熊最擅长的图案是那些不动的彩色的点, 而且更多的点占据了更大的彩色区域, take up意为"占据(时间、空间)", 故选D项。
14.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food.可知, 熊的高智商表现在它们独自面对生活的挑战, 故选B项。
15.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。本文第一段说明熊变得更聪明了, 并介绍了一些新的发现, 为证明熊是一种高智商动物提供了证据, 由此可推知, B项"发现了证明熊的智力的新证据"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
第二节
答案：BGFDA
解析：①细节句。根据本段主旨句以及设空处上句可知,要尝试新想法,因为运气在科学发现中经常扮演重要角色,所以不要害怕尝试新的想法,我们不知道什么时候实验和运气会发生碰撞而产生重大发现。此处强调新想法的重要性,B项符合语境。
②过渡句。设空处上句提到“你可能认为科学家应该聪明、有天赋、擅长数学且一丝不苟”,设空处下句提到“当一名科学家,失败占90%,成功占10%”。G项“然而,一名优秀的科学家应该具备的一个重要品质是愿意失败”与上句构成转折关系,与下句存在顺承关系,承上启下,符合语境。
③细节句。根据设空处下句内容可知,作为竞争性领域的科学家,你需要通过拥有自己的想法并努力进一步发展它们来创造自己的机会,所以虽然我们每天提出来的想法中有一些是不好的,但许多可能会导致一个新的实验或理论。F项符合语境。
④细节句。根据本段主旨句可知,本段主要讲练习你的写作技巧,D项“创造一个适合自己的写作过程,并坚持下去”符合该段主旨,且下文的“Try to do a little writing every day”是该项中“stick to it”的具体体现。
⑤主旨句。根据2~5段开头语可知,设空处应是本段主旨句,应使用祈使句的形式。下文说到了虽然努力工作对成为一名优秀的科学家来说是必不可少的,但平衡好专业的工作和个人的休息是非常重要的,A项“保持努力工作和休息之间的平衡”符合本段主旨。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CABDC 6-10 CABCC 11-15 ABCAD
解析：1.根据下文中的"drinks and snacks are the special, cheerful presence in the market"可知,Jamaria的产品比较独特,故此处表示她花了一年的时间来完善自己独特的配方。
2.根据下文可知,Jamaria的生意取得了成功,其产品很受欢迎。hit在此处作名词,意为"很受欢迎的事物"。
3.根据下文中的"Jamaria 9 her mother for working at the stand"可知,Jamaria在母亲的帮助下创办了LemonTopia。
4.根据上下文可知,此处表示Jamaria的母亲过了一年才同意她摆摊卖柠檬汽水的恳求。beg for的意思是"恳求"。
5.根据语境可知,这次义卖活动对于Jamaria来说是一次绝佳的机会(opportunity)。
6.根据下文中的"So Jamaria added cookies and cheesecake"可知,校方要求她除了卖柠檬汽水之外还必须卖烘焙食物。in addition to的意思是"除……之外(还)"。
7.根据语境可知,在烤饼义卖活动后,她继续在学校和社区活动中售卖自己的柠檬汽水和甜点。
8.根据语境可知,此处表示她一直在不同的地方售卖产品,直到她给在市政厅举办的一个聚会供应食品。
9.根据下文中的"she will offer me money hourly"可知,Jamaria给母亲支付经营摊位的工资。
10.Jamaria毕竟是个孩子,有时她想去玩,所以她的母亲就不得不临时替她经营摊位。
11.参见上题解析。fill in"暂时代替,临时补缺";show up"出现";turn out"出席(某项活动),在场";come along"到达,跟随"。
12.根据语境可知,此处表示转折关系,故选B。
13.市场竞争激烈,所以Jamaria必须得想出(come up with)办法去兜揽生意。drum up表示"竭力争取(支持);兜揽(生意)"。appeal for"恳求,呼吁";deal with"处理";take over"接管,接收"。
14.根据下文中的"she developed lemonade with new flavors"和"sticking with it"可知,Jamaria研发柠檬汽水的新口味去应对激烈的市场竞争,坚持经营这份事业,这体现出了她对这份事业的责任心。故选A。
15.结合语境以及空后的"for sticking with it"可知,Jamaria的母亲为她感到非常骄傲(proud)。
第二节
答案：①a②determined③possibly④subscribed⑤investigation⑥which⑦because⑧to blame⑨to⑩was defeated
解析：①考查冠词。此处指霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示一种致命的疾病,应用不定冠词表泛指,type以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
②考查形容词。be determined to do...意为“下定决心做……”,故填determined。
③考查副词。设空处作状语修饰动词explained,应填副词possibly,意为“可能地”。
④考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。
⑤考查名词。设空处作have的宾语且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知应用名词investigation。
⑥考查定语从句的引导词。设空处前是一个完整的句子,且前面有逗号隔开,设空处所在的句子缺少主语,由此推断设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句的内容,设空处在从句中作主语,故填which。
⑦考查从属连词。此处指一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。故填because。
⑧考查固定搭配。be to blame意为“负有责任”,故填to blame。
⑨考查介词。lead to导致。故填to。
⑩考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时;“霍乱王”与“打败”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;由主语为“King Cholera”可知谓语动词用单数。故填was defeated。
第三节
答案：
Dear Mrs. Green,
How are you doing I'm glad to know that you are interested in the Science and Technology Festival, which is scheduled for next week at our school. And I'd like to give you a detailed account of it.
As you know, recent years have witnessed great achievements in after-school activities related to science and technology at our school. Therefore, it will be a hard-won opportunity for you to attend the Science and Technology Festival. During the festival, AI robot competitions will be performed, which will absolutely highlight the festival and give you a general knowledge of the efforts we students have made.
I believe that the festival will inspire our innovative spirit. I am looking forward to your joining us then.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：
Paragraph 1:
“I used to be a cyclist,” he said. “Competing in cycling events is what I loved and enjoyed.” Then he told me why he stopped cycling. While cycling one day, he was hit by a car. The doctor told him that he might never walk again. He refused to believe that. So, he was determined not to let the accident prevent him from walking again.
Paragraph 2:
His great determination paid off, and he was able to walk again. His love for life and for fitness is what makes him cross the bridge many times. Moved by his story, I told him that it was an honour to meet a role model like him. I shook his hand, thanked him for having a chat with me, and let him continue with his exercise. As I walked away, my admiration for him grew even more because of his attitude to life.
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