人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists B卷 能力提升单元达标测试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists B卷 能力提升单元达标测试卷（含解析） |  | |
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Unit 1 Science and Scientists B卷 能力提升—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common ,the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch" four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
A.To reduce pressure on keys. B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system. D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A.It'll be environment-friendly. B.It'll reach consumers soon.
C.It'll be made of plastics. D.It'll help speed up typing.
B
"That's funny! These fellows in the middle of the plate have died," Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London. He had been studying some germs(细菌) that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people. Dr Fleming found that a mould(霉菌) had floated in through the window landing on the plate. It had killed some of the germs it had touched.
"This certainly looks promising," Fleming said. "We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs."
He named the strange mould "penicillin". It proved to be a killer of many germs. Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected(注射) with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those that had been treated with penicillin lived. Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out. Hardly anybody took any notice of it.
In 1938 Dr Howard Florey, an Australian working in London, read Dr Fleming's report and was very interested. He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.
When World War Ⅱ broke out, it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England. Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made. It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.
1.Dr Alexander Fleming ______.
A.had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people
B.had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses
C.had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate
D.had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better
2.The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that _____.
A.they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin
B.they were almost dead ahead of the experiment
C.they were easy to die in the experiment
D.they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin
3.In 1938, an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Fleming's report and _____.
A.left England for America, making the drug
B.went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen
C.found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings
D.went to America to make this drug for mice
4.The underlined word "enormous" means "_____".
A.rest B.appropriate C.little D.huge
C
Imagine a world where you move around in front of a personal computer in your own sound space. You listen to your favorite songs, play loud computer games or watch a movie—all without other people hearing the sound. That is the possibility presented by "sound beaming," a new technology from Noveto Systems, an Israeli company.
On Friday, the company presented a desktop device that sends sound directly to a listener without the need for headphones or a special receiver. Noveto Systems gave The Associated Press (AP) a chance to test its Sound Beamer 1.0 before its debut. The AP’s Louise Dixon writes that listening to the device is like something from a science fiction movie. The sound seems so close it feels like it is inside your ears while also in front, above and behind them.
Noveto expects the device will have many uses. Office workers could listen to music or conference calls without others hearing. People could play a game, a movie or music without waking up others in the same room. Because the device does not use headphones, it is possible to hear other sounds in the room clearly.
The device uses a 3-D technology that finds and follows the ear position of the listener. It sends ultrasonic waves (超声波) to create sound pockets by the user’s ears. Sound can be heard in stereo or 3-D. The 3-D method creates sound on all sides of the listener. By changing a setting, the sound can follow a listener around when they move their head. It also is possible to move out of the sound beam’s path and hear nothing at all.
While the idea of sound beaming is not new, Noveto was the first to launch the technology. Its chief executive officer Christophe Ramstein said a smaller version of the device will be ready for release to consumers next year.
1. What do we know about Sound Beamer
A. It's a device appearing in the science fiction movie.
B. Listeners get its sound through a receiver.
C. It can prevent other sound being heard.
D. A smaller one will be on market soon.
2. What does the underlined word "debut" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. New version. B. First appearance.
C. Another failure. D. Some doubt.
3. What does the fourth paragraph tell us
A. How the device works. B. How to use the device.
C. The device's advantage. D. Why the device is invented.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The introduction of a new device—sound beamer.
B. The usage of the 3D technology.
C. The influence brought by sound beamer.
D. The 3D technology and listening experience.
D
Levison Wood is at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital(SBAH) where, in 2018, the Office of Health Standards awarded the institution the highest honor for its quality of patient care and access to health care professionals. As part of the University of Pretoria, SBAH is a center for world-class surgeons and researchers—and where Levison meets Professor Mashudu Tshifularo.
Professor Tshifularo who has performed the world's first middle ear transplant(移植) using 3D printed bones tells Levison "This was not an overnight breakthrough—it's the result of 10 years' investing in research and state-of-the-art(最先进的) health technology. Investment in 3D printing has massive potential—we have made history here in South Africa—and it is set to continue."
According to McKinsey & Company, the estimated economic impact of 3D printing is $100—250 billion by 2025, if today's rate of adoption continues. With the most potential in aerospace, autos, consumer goods and health care, the technologies are making a global impact. MedTech Drive says that 3D printing will be a central part of all major health care businesses within five to ten years.
Professor Tshifularo and his team have 3D printed inner ear bones. The procedure presents significantly fewer risks than traditional surgery and is announced as an answer to conductive hearing loss. And it's not the professor's only world-first.
"What I am doing here, nobody else is doing," Professor Tshifularo continues. "In 2008, I performed the world's first bloodless endoscope-assisted tonsillectomy(扁桃体切除手术). My team includes experts from all disciplines—including jewelry fields. The international medical community certainly will benefit from this knowledge sharing and creation in their own country. My research into further innovation is exciting."
1.What does the first paragraph serve as
A.A background. B.A contrast.
C.An example. D.A comment.
2.Which of the following words can best describe Mashudu Tshifularo
A.Selfless and considerate. B.Determined and humorous.
C.Creative and devoted. D.Ambitious and modest.
3.What can be learned about 3D printing
A.It brings a large profit to SBAH. B.It is playing a key role in health care.
C.It guarantees safety of ear transplants. D.It will be used in a wide range of fields.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.3D Printing Is Changing the World. B.3D Printing Made History by Tshifularo.
C.A Big Breakthrough—3D Printed Ears. D.A Historic Meeting—Levison and Tshifularo.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The Free Dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. ①_____ Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity.
②_____ Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn't have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
③_____ There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant-gratification(即时满足) type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment and living things, since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest. ④_____
Working habits.
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. ⑤_____ He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A.To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently.
B.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
C.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
D.However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.
E.He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed.
F.Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
G.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
California officials are praising workers for rescuing a 13-year-old boy who fell into a river of sewage(污水) in Los Angeles. The boy, Jesse Hermandez, 1 more than 12 hours in the city's large underground sewage system. It is 2 with refuse liquids and other waste materials, some of them 3 .
Jesse had been playing at a public park with other 4 during a family gathering on Sunday. At one point, the children were on pieces of wood that covered an opening 5 the sewage system. One of the wooden boards broke. The boy fell about eight metres down and 6 in fast-moving sewage.
The other children 7 told adults what had happened. The adults then called an emergency telephone line for help. Rescuers immediately began 8 Jesse underground.
With the help of cameras they floated down the pipes, rescuers eventually located Jesse after seeing images of handprints on one of them. A crew of sanitation(环境卫生) workers hurried to the 9 and opened a manhole(检查井). The first thing they heard was "Help!" Their patience and optimism 10 .
The crew lowered down a long rope to Jesse. The boy held on to the rope while workers 11 him up. By the time workers found Jesse, about 700 metres of pipes had been 12 during a 12-hour period. Jesse was spotted less than two kilometres from where he 13 . He was taken to a hospital for a full physical examination and to be reunited with his family.
More than 100 people contributed much tirelessly to the 14 of Jesse. Jesse was lucky to find a small area of 15 air and waited there until he was found.
1. A. wasted B. took C. spent D. arranged
2. A. filled B. faced C. compared D. occupied
3. A. dusty B. unusual C. useless D. poisonous
4. A. visitors B. children C. strangers D. parents
5. A. leading to B. consisting of C. ending in D. heading for
6. A. swam B. landed C. suffered D. fought
7. A. seriously B. eventually C. quickly D. exactly
8. A. searching for B. caring about C. turning to D. calming down
9. A. system B. area C. dustbin D. water
10. A. set off B. put off C. turned off D. paid off
11. A. pulled B. packed C. picked D. waked
12. A. judged B. selected C. removed D. inspected
13. A. dived B. screamed C. disappeared D. escaped
14. A. struggle B. adventure C. survival D. existence
15. A. miserable B. breathable C. smelly D. pure
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Coding(编程) as a job is seen as a very recent phenomenon. However, if you take account of its roots ①_____(lie) back in the middle of the 19th century, you will find it has a long history.
In 1842, Ada Lovelace, ②_____ only child of the poet Lord Byron, wrote the first computer program. Up until the 1980s, computer programming was ③_____(probable) recognized as the preserve of specialized companies or teams of individuals. And this industry ④_____(understand) only by professionals, owing to the fact that most of the programs produced at the time were for industrial or military(军事的) applications.
This all changed with the coming of the "home computer", when, ⑤_____ the first time, programming platforms were available to families ⑥_____ could afford the relatively high cost of entry. Large ⑦_____(quantity) of "open source" software in the 2000s and the appearance of the smart phone caused the industry ⑧_____(boom) and made it what it is today. Unlike previous generations, we are living in a digitized world and are always surrounded by many an ⑨_____(invent) that coders produce. This has allowed coding to become a more satisfying and ⑩_____(cool) career for many of us than any others.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
根据下面提示,介绍一下科学家袁隆平。词数:80左右。
1. 也许没有其他科学家比中国科学家袁隆平对水稻种植有更大的影响。(impact)
2. 他在大学主修农业,毕业后开始从事作物育种实验。(major)
3. 在水稻种植领域,他通过杂交不同种类的水稻改变了人们种植水稻的方式。(transform)
4. 1970年,他在科学研究领域的突破是发现了一种雄性不育野生稻。(in the area of)
5. 通过袁隆平的不懈努力,中国的产量有了大幅度的提高,他因此被称为“杂交水稻之父”。(substantial)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When I was 9 years old, I used to cut grass for Mrs Long. The elderly lady paid me very little, for she didn't have much money. But she did promise me, "When Christmas comes, I shall have a present for you." I spent much time wondering what it would be. The boys I played with had baseball gloves, bicycles and ice skates, and I was so eager to acquire any one of these that I convinced myself that Mrs Long intended choosing from among them.
"It would hardly be a baseball glove," I reasoned with myself. A woman like Mrs Long wouldn't know much about baseball. Since she was old and weak, I also ruled out the bicycle, for how could she handle such a large item.
On my last Saturday at work, Mrs Long said, "At Christmas you come to the door and collect the present. These words clinched(确定) my guess. Since she was going to have the present in her house and handle it herself, unquestionably she was giving me a pair of ice skates.
I became so convinced of this that I could imagine myself upon the skates and the excitement they brought me. As the cold days of November arrived and ice began to form on the ponds, I began to try my luck on the ice. "Get away from that ice!" a man shouted. "It's not strong enough yet."
As Christmas approached it was with difficulty that I restrained (抑制) myself from reporting to Mrs Long and demanding my present. On the 21st of December, icy weather froze all the ponds so that boys who already had ice skates were able to use them. My longing to possess mine became overpowering.
So the next day I could control myself no longer and presented myself at Mrs Long's door. "I've been waiting for you," she said with a smile.
Paragraph 1 :
She set me in a chair and handed a package to me. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
On Christmas morning, I could not wait to open the package. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DCB
解析：1.根据第二段第一句"Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard."以及第一段最后一句"At present, these technologies are still expensive, though."可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop与come up with是同义词，expensive与low-cost是反义词，cut the cost与low-cost 相呼应。
2.推理判断题。题干问的是"是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能"，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的"These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities... "可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。
3.细节理解题。根据题干"研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望"可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话"The team hopes to make it to market in the near future."，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应，答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。
B
答案：1-4 CDCD
解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段的"He had been studying some germs(细菌) that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people."可知, 他在用自己在培养皿上培养的细菌做研究。这些细菌非常危险, 因为它们会引起各种可以致人死亡的疾病。C项符合这一意义。干扰项分析: 根据原文第一段最后两句可知, 霉菌可以杀死细菌, 对人是有益的, A 项中"霉菌可以致人死亡"与原文相悖; B项"could cure people of illnesses"与原文"caused different kinds of illnesses,"相悖; D项意思是"他在用不同的能使病人好转的细菌做实验", 与原文不符。故选C。
2.推理判断题。由第三段"Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected(注射) with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those that had been treated with penicillin lived.(实验中给50只老鼠注射了致命细菌, 然后给其中一半老鼠注射了青霉素。25只未接受治疗的老鼠死亡, 而接受青霉素治疗的老鼠中有24只存活)"。故选D。
3.细节理解题。由倒数第二段"He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings."可知, 他发现青霉素对治疗人类的血液中毒有效。故选C。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知, 二战时青霉素供给不足, 因此Florey博士去了美国帮助制造这种药, 这种药的数量应该是"巨大的, 多的"。后文也证实, 这种药救了成千上万人。故选D。
C
答案：1-4 DBAA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句"Its chief executive officer Christophe Ramstein said a smaller version of the device will be ready for release to consumers soon.(该公司首席执行官克里斯托夫 拉姆斯坦表示,这款设备的小版本将很快向消费者推出)"可知,D项正确。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句"Noveto Systems gave The Associated Press (AP) a chance to test its Sound Beamer 1.0 before its debut.(诺维托公司在其声束器1.0版本首发前让美联社做了一次测试)"可知,应该是在它与大众见面之前要进行测试。由此猜测debut意为"首次亮相",故选B。
3.段落大意题。第四段提到"该设备使用3D技术,可以发现并跟踪听者耳朵的位置。它通过发送超声波在使用者的耳朵旁制造出声腔。声音可以以立体声或三维的方式听到。3D方法在听者的四周发出声音。通过改变设置,当听者移动头部时,声音就会跟着听者移动。声音也有可能离开声束器的传播路径,听者什么也听不到"。由此可知,该段主要叙述的是该设备的工作原理。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容,结合文章第一段"Imagine a world where you move around in front of a personal computer in your own...That is the possibility presented by 'sound beaming', a new technology from Noveto Systems, an Israeli company.(试想一下,你在自己的电脑前走动,沉浸在自我的......以色列一家名为诺维托的公司开发了"声音光束"这一新技术让一切成为可能)"可知,文章主要介绍以色列一家名为诺维托的公司开发了"声音光束"新技术,不用耳机就可以传送声音,所以选A项。
D
答案：1-4 ACDB
解析：1.文章结构题。文章第一段主要介绍了Levison在SBAH会见Professor Tshifularo以及SBAH的情况, 下文具体介绍了Tshifularo的成就, 故第一段起到介绍背景的作用。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"who has performed the world's first middle ear transplant using 3D printed bones"、第四段中的"And it's not the professor's only world-first"和第五段中的"What I am doing here, nobody else is doing."可知, Tshifularo教授用3D打印技术打印的骨骼进行了中耳移植手术, 做了其他人未做过的事情, 创造了不止一个世界第一, 故可推知他富有创造力; 再结合第二段中的"This was not an overnight breakthrough—it's the result of 10 years' investing in research and state-of-the-art health technology."可知, Tshifularo教授热衷于自己的研究, 故答案为C项(有创造力和献身精神的)。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"With the most potential in aerospace, auto, consumer goods and health care, the technologies are making a global impact. MedTech Drive says that 3D printing will be a central part of all major health care businesses within five to ten years."可知, 3D打印还可以应用到航空航天、汽车、消费品和医疗保健等领域, 即3D技术将会在很多领域有广泛的应用。故D项正确。干扰项分析: A项(它给SBAH带来了巨大的利润)与最后一段倒数第二句(国际医学界将从中获益)相悖; B项(它在医疗保健方面正在发挥关键作用)与第三段最后一句中的"将会在五到十年内发挥重要作用"相悖; C项"guarantees safety"(保证安全)与第四段第二句"fewer risks(风险更小)"相悖。
4.标题归纳题。文章介绍了Tshifularo教授及其团队利用3D打印技术打印的听小骨成功地进行了中耳移植手术从而创造了历史。故选B项。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ GBFDE
解析：①选项G中"also defines"与前文"The Free Dictionary defines..."相呼应, 故选G。
②根据标题及下一句"Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work."可知, 一个优秀的科学家对事物一定很好奇, 故选B。
③根据下一句"There are very few jobs that take longer than this one."可知, 成为一名科学家需要很长时间, 故选F。
④根据前文"A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest."可知, 科学家必须如实地汇报自己的发现, 不受个人利益和外界商业利益的诱惑。坚持与证据相矛盾的旧观点是行不通的。选项D"However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence."(然而, 没有强有力的证据, 那个观点也不应改变)是承接上一句话来说明的, 故选D。
⑤下一句"He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally."说的是科学家的工作方式。由句子中的also可知, 设空处也在描述科学家的工作方式。选项E"He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed."说的是科学家可以单独工作也可以小组合作, 这取决于工作的需要, 故选E。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CADBA 6-10 BCABD 11-15 ADCCB
解析：1.根据下文By the time workers found Jesse， about 700 metres of pipes had been _____ during a 12-hour period.可知，这个男孩名叫杰西 赫曼德兹，被困在城市大型地下排污系统里超过12个小时。故C项正确。
2.排污系统里肯定都是污水和其他废料。固定搭配be filled with意为“被……填满”。故A项正确。
3.设空处是对前面的refuse liquids and other waste materials的进一步说明，结合语境及选项可知，排污系统里都是污水和其他废料，其中一些还有毒。故D项正确。
4.周日家庭聚会上，杰西正和其他小朋友在公园里玩耍。根据下一句中的children可知B项正确。
5.根据The boy fell about eight metres down and _____ in fast-moving sewage.可知，这个被木板遮盖的井口通向排污系统。故A项正确。
6.根据The boy fell about eight metres down and _____ in fast-moving sewage.可知，因为其中有一块木板坏了，男孩跌落了大概8米深，之后落在了快速流动的污水中。故B项正确。
7.根据后一句The adults then called an emergency telephone line for help.可知，其他孩子立刻把发生的事告诉了大人。故C项正确。
8.营救人员立即开始在地下搜寻杰西。根据下文的内容可知A项正确。
9.一组环卫工人匆忙赶往该地，并打开了一处检查井。由第四段第一句中的located Jesse可知B项正确。
10.从最后一段可知，他们的耐心和乐观最终得到了回报。故D项正确。
11.根据The crew lowered down a long rope to Jesse.和The boy held on to the rope可知，男孩抓住下放的绳子，工人们将他拉了上来。故A项正确。
12.根据第四段描述的搜索过程可知，到工人们发现杰西为止，他们已经在12个小时内搜索了大概700米长的管道。故D项正确。
13.根据第二段最后一句The boy fell about eight metres down and _____ in fast-moving sewage.可知，杰西被发现的地方距离他失踪的地方不到两千米。故C项正确。
14.根据第五段最后一句以及设空后一句Jesse was lucky to find a small area of _____ air and waited there until he was found.可知，杰西掉进大型排污系统，是生死攸关的时刻，超过百人不知疲倦地为杰西的生存作出了贡献。故C项正确。
15.根据第一段最后一句和设空前的lucky可知，杰西很幸运在恶劣的环境中找到了一个可以呼吸的地方，并在那里等待救援。故B项正确。
第二节
答案：①lying ②the ③probably ④was understood ⑤for ⑥which/that ⑦quantities ⑧to boom ⑨invention ⑩cooler
解析：①考查非谓语动词。roots与lie是逻辑上的主动关系, 应该用动词的-ing形式。故填lying。
②考查冠词。此处特指唯一的孩子, 故用定冠词the。
③考查副词构词法。修饰was recognized应该用副词, 故填probably。注意: 以le结尾的形容词变副词时, 要去e加-y。
④考查动词的时态和语态。此处表示直到20世纪80年代的时候存在的情况, 下文的were也是暗示, 故此处应该用一般过去时, 且主语industry与understand是被动关系, 应该用被动语态。
⑤考查介词。for the first time为固定搭配, 意为"首次; 第一次"。
⑥考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是families, 指的是"家庭", 从句中缺少主语, 故用which/that。
⑦考查名词单复数。a quantity/quantities of大量, 故用quantities。
⑧考查非谓语动词。cause sb./sth. to do sth.表示"使某人/某物做某事", 故用不定式。
⑨考查名词构词法。根据空前的many an可知, 设空处要填名词单数, invent的名词形式是invention。
⑩考查形容词比较级。根据前面的more satisfying和后面比较级的标志词than可知, 此处要用比较级cooler。
第三节
答案：
Perhaps no other scientist has a greater impact on rice growing than Chinese scientist Yuan Longping. He majored in agriculture in university and after graduation he began experiments in crop breeding. In the field of rice growing, he transformed the way people planted rice by crossing different species of rice plant. His breakthrough in the area of science research in 1970 was that he discovered a naturally sterile male rice plant. China saw a substantial increase in yield through Yuan's tireless efforts, for which he earned the name of "the father of hybrid rice".
答案：
Paragraph 1:
She set me in a chair and handed a package to me. She said to me, "Thanks for cutting grass for me. Because I didn't have much money, I didn't pay you money. I had promised to give you a present, so it is time for you to get your present." I was so excited that I wanted to open it right now, but Mrs Long stopped me and said, "You can't open it until Christmas morning. Can you make it " "Of course, Mrs Long, " I replied.
Paragraph 2:
On Christmas morning, I could not wait to open the package. To my excitement, it was a brand-new pair of ice skates which I was eager for. I couldn't control myself and went to the frozen pond. I skated on the ice with the other people. As I skated on the ice, I thought of Mrs Long-how kind she was to send me such a present. She observed me for a long time and knew what I wanted so much. It was a present better than much money.
2
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common ,the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch" four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
A.To reduce pressure on keys. B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system. D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A.It'll be environment-friendly. B.It'll reach consumers soon.
C.It'll be made of plastics. D.It'll help speed up typing.
B
"That's funny! These fellows in the middle of the plate have died," Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London. He had been studying some germs(细菌) that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people. Dr Fleming found that a mould(霉菌) had floated in through the window landing on the plate. It had killed some of the germs it had touched.
"This certainly looks promising," Fleming said. "We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs."
He named the strange mould "penicillin". It proved to be a killer of many germs. Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected(注射) with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those that had been treated with penicillin lived. Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out. Hardly anybody took any notice of it.
In 1938 Dr Howard Florey, an Australian working in London, read Dr Fleming's report and was very interested. He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.
When World War Ⅱ broke out, it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England. Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made. It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.
1.Dr Alexander Fleming ______.
A.had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people
B.had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses
C.had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate
D.had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better
2.The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that _____.
A.they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin
B.they were almost dead ahead of the experiment
C.they were easy to die in the experiment
D.they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin
3.In 1938, an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Fleming's report and _____.
A.left England for America, making the drug
B.went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen
C.found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings
D.went to America to make this drug for mice
4.The underlined word "enormous" means "_____".
A.rest B.appropriate C.little D.huge
C
Imagine a world where you move around in front of a personal computer in your own sound space. You listen to your favorite songs, play loud computer games or watch a movie—all without other people hearing the sound. That is the possibility presented by "sound beaming," a new technology from Noveto Systems, an Israeli company.
On Friday, the company presented a desktop device that sends sound directly to a listener without the need for headphones or a special receiver. Noveto Systems gave The Associated Press (AP) a chance to test its Sound Beamer 1.0 before its debut. The AP’s Louise Dixon writes that listening to the device is like something from a science fiction movie. The sound seems so close it feels like it is inside your ears while also in front, above and behind them.
Noveto expects the device will have many uses. Office workers could listen to music or conference calls without others hearing. People could play a game, a movie or music without waking up others in the same room. Because the device does not use headphones, it is possible to hear other sounds in the room clearly.
The device uses a 3-D technology that finds and follows the ear position of the listener. It sends ultrasonic waves (超声波) to create sound pockets by the user’s ears. Sound can be heard in stereo or 3-D. The 3-D method creates sound on all sides of the listener. By changing a setting, the sound can follow a listener around when they move their head. It also is possible to move out of the sound beam’s path and hear nothing at all.
While the idea of sound beaming is not new, Noveto was the first to launch the technology. Its chief executive officer Christophe Ramstein said a smaller version of the device will be ready for release to consumers next year.
1. What do we know about Sound Beamer
A. It's a device appearing in the science fiction movie.
B. Listeners get its sound through a receiver.
C. It can prevent other sound being heard.
D. A smaller one will be on market soon.
2. What does the underlined word "debut" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. New version. B. First appearance.
C. Another failure. D. Some doubt.
3. What does the fourth paragraph tell us
A. How the device works. B. How to use the device.
C. The device's advantage. D. Why the device is invented.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The introduction of a new device—sound beamer.
B. The usage of the 3D technology.
C. The influence brought by sound beamer.
D. The 3D technology and listening experience.
D
Levison Wood is at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital(SBAH) where, in 2018, the Office of Health Standards awarded the institution the highest honor for its quality of patient care and access to health care professionals. As part of the University of Pretoria, SBAH is a center for world-class surgeons and researchers—and where Levison meets Professor Mashudu Tshifularo.
Professor Tshifularo who has performed the world's first middle ear transplant(移植) using 3D printed bones tells Levison "This was not an overnight breakthrough—it's the result of 10 years' investing in research and state-of-the-art(最先进的) health technology. Investment in 3D printing has massive potential—we have made history here in South Africa—and it is set to continue."
According to McKinsey & Company, the estimated economic impact of 3D printing is $100—250 billion by 2025, if today's rate of adoption continues. With the most potential in aerospace, autos, consumer goods and health care, the technologies are making a global impact. MedTech Drive says that 3D printing will be a central part of all major health care businesses within five to ten years.
Professor Tshifularo and his team have 3D printed inner ear bones. The procedure presents significantly fewer risks than traditional surgery and is announced as an answer to conductive hearing loss. And it's not the professor's only world-first.
"What I am doing here, nobody else is doing," Professor Tshifularo continues. "In 2008, I performed the world's first bloodless endoscope-assisted tonsillectomy(扁桃体切除手术). My team includes experts from all disciplines—including jewelry fields. The international medical community certainly will benefit from this knowledge sharing and creation in their own country. My research into further innovation is exciting."
1.What does the first paragraph serve as
A.A background. B.A contrast.
C.An example. D.A comment.
2.Which of the following words can best describe Mashudu Tshifularo
A.Selfless and considerate. B.Determined and humorous.
C.Creative and devoted. D.Ambitious and modest.
3.What can be learned about 3D printing
A.It brings a large profit to SBAH. B.It is playing a key role in health care.
C.It guarantees safety of ear transplants. D.It will be used in a wide range of fields.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.3D Printing Is Changing the World. B.3D Printing Made History by Tshifularo.
C.A Big Breakthrough—3D Printed Ears. D.A Historic Meeting—Levison and Tshifularo.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The Free Dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. ①_____ Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity.
②_____ Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn't have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
③_____ There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant-gratification(即时满足) type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment and living things, since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest. ④_____
Working habits.
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. ⑤_____ He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A.To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently.
B.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
C.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
D.However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.
E.He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed.
F.Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
G.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
California officials are praising workers for rescuing a 13-year-old boy who fell into a river of sewage(污水) in Los Angeles. The boy, Jesse Hermandez, 1 more than 12 hours in the city's large underground sewage system. It is 2 with refuse liquids and other waste materials, some of them 3 .
Jesse had been playing at a public park with other 4 during a family gathering on Sunday. At one point, the children were on pieces of wood that covered an opening 5 the sewage system. One of the wooden boards broke. The boy fell about eight metres down and 6 in fast-moving sewage.
The other children 7 told adults what had happened. The adults then called an emergency telephone line for help. Rescuers immediately began 8 Jesse underground.
With the help of cameras they floated down the pipes, rescuers eventually located Jesse after seeing images of handprints on one of them. A crew of sanitation(环境卫生) workers hurried to the 9 and opened a manhole(检查井). The first thing they heard was "Help!" Their patience and optimism 10 .
The crew lowered down a long rope to Jesse. The boy held on to the rope while workers 11 him up. By the time workers found Jesse, about 700 metres of pipes had been 12 during a 12-hour period. Jesse was spotted less than two kilometres from where he 13 . He was taken to a hospital for a full physical examination and to be reunited with his family.
More than 100 people contributed much tirelessly to the 14 of Jesse. Jesse was lucky to find a small area of 15 air and waited there until he was found.
1. A. wasted B. took C. spent D. arranged
2. A. filled B. faced C. compared D. occupied
3. A. dusty B. unusual C. useless D. poisonous
4. A. visitors B. children C. strangers D. parents
5. A. leading to B. consisting of C. ending in D. heading for
6. A. swam B. landed C. suffered D. fought
7. A. seriously B. eventually C. quickly D. exactly
8. A. searching for B. caring about C. turning to D. calming down
9. A. system B. area C. dustbin D. water
10. A. set off B. put off C. turned off D. paid off
11. A. pulled B. packed C. picked D. waked
12. A. judged B. selected C. removed D. inspected
13. A. dived B. screamed C. disappeared D. escaped
14. A. struggle B. adventure C. survival D. existence
15. A. miserable B. breathable C. smelly D. pure
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Coding(编程) as a job is seen as a very recent phenomenon. However, if you take account of its roots ①_____(lie) back in the middle of the 19th century, you will find it has a long history.
In 1842, Ada Lovelace, ②_____ only child of the poet Lord Byron, wrote the first computer program. Up until the 1980s, computer programming was ③_____(probable) recognized as the preserve of specialized companies or teams of individuals. And this industry ④_____(understand) only by professionals, owing to the fact that most of the programs produced at the time were for industrial or military(军事的) applications.
This all changed with the coming of the "home computer", when, ⑤_____ the first time, programming platforms were available to families ⑥_____ could afford the relatively high cost of entry. Large ⑦_____(quantity) of "open source" software in the 2000s and the appearance of the smart phone caused the industry ⑧_____(boom) and made it what it is today. Unlike previous generations, we are living in a digitized world and are always surrounded by many an ⑨_____(invent) that coders produce. This has allowed coding to become a more satisfying and ⑩_____(cool) career for many of us than any others.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
根据下面提示,介绍一下科学家袁隆平。词数:80左右。
1. 也许没有其他科学家比中国科学家袁隆平对水稻种植有更大的影响。(impact)
2. 他在大学主修农业,毕业后开始从事作物育种实验。(major)
3. 在水稻种植领域,他通过杂交不同种类的水稻改变了人们种植水稻的方式。(transform)
4. 1970年,他在科学研究领域的突破是发现了一种雄性不育野生稻。(in the area of)
5. 通过袁隆平的不懈努力,中国的产量有了大幅度的提高,他因此被称为“杂交水稻之父”。(substantial)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When I was 9 years old, I used to cut grass for Mrs Long. The elderly lady paid me very little, for she didn't have much money. But she did promise me, "When Christmas comes, I shall have a present for you." I spent much time wondering what it would be. The boys I played with had baseball gloves, bicycles and ice skates, and I was so eager to acquire any one of these that I convinced myself that Mrs Long intended choosing from among them.
"It would hardly be a baseball glove," I reasoned with myself. A woman like Mrs Long wouldn't know much about baseball. Since she was old and weak, I also ruled out the bicycle, for how could she handle such a large item.
On my last Saturday at work, Mrs Long said, "At Christmas you come to the door and collect the present. These words clinched(确定) my guess. Since she was going to have the present in her house and handle it herself, unquestionably she was giving me a pair of ice skates.
I became so convinced of this that I could imagine myself upon the skates and the excitement they brought me. As the cold days of November arrived and ice began to form on the ponds, I began to try my luck on the ice. "Get away from that ice!" a man shouted. "It's not strong enough yet."
As Christmas approached it was with difficulty that I restrained (抑制) myself from reporting to Mrs Long and demanding my present. On the 21st of December, icy weather froze all the ponds so that boys who already had ice skates were able to use them. My longing to possess mine became overpowering.
So the next day I could control myself no longer and presented myself at Mrs Long's door. "I've been waiting for you," she said with a smile.
Paragraph 1 :
She set me in a chair and handed a package to me. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
On Christmas morning, I could not wait to open the package. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DCB
解析：1.根据第二段第一句"Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard."以及第一段最后一句"At present, these technologies are still expensive, though."可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop与come up with是同义词，expensive与low-cost是反义词，cut the cost与low-cost 相呼应。
2.推理判断题。题干问的是"是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能"，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的"These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities... "可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。
3.细节理解题。根据题干"研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望"可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话"The team hopes to make it to market in the near future."，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应，答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。
B
答案：1-4 CDCD
解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段的"He had been studying some germs(细菌) that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people."可知, 他在用自己在培养皿上培养的细菌做研究。这些细菌非常危险, 因为它们会引起各种可以致人死亡的疾病。C项符合这一意义。干扰项分析: 根据原文第一段最后两句可知, 霉菌可以杀死细菌, 对人是有益的, A 项中"霉菌可以致人死亡"与原文相悖; B项"could cure people of illnesses"与原文"caused different kinds of illnesses,"相悖; D项意思是"他在用不同的能使病人好转的细菌做实验", 与原文不符。故选C。
2.推理判断题。由第三段"Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected(注射) with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those that had been treated with penicillin lived.(实验中给50只老鼠注射了致命细菌, 然后给其中一半老鼠注射了青霉素。25只未接受治疗的老鼠死亡, 而接受青霉素治疗的老鼠中有24只存活)"。故选D。
3.细节理解题。由倒数第二段"He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings."可知, 他发现青霉素对治疗人类的血液中毒有效。故选C。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知, 二战时青霉素供给不足, 因此Florey博士去了美国帮助制造这种药, 这种药的数量应该是"巨大的, 多的"。后文也证实, 这种药救了成千上万人。故选D。
C
答案：1-4 DBAA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句"Its chief executive officer Christophe Ramstein said a smaller version of the device will be ready for release to consumers soon.(该公司首席执行官克里斯托夫 拉姆斯坦表示,这款设备的小版本将很快向消费者推出)"可知,D项正确。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句"Noveto Systems gave The Associated Press (AP) a chance to test its Sound Beamer 1.0 before its debut.(诺维托公司在其声束器1.0版本首发前让美联社做了一次测试)"可知,应该是在它与大众见面之前要进行测试。由此猜测debut意为"首次亮相",故选B。
3.段落大意题。第四段提到"该设备使用3D技术,可以发现并跟踪听者耳朵的位置。它通过发送超声波在使用者的耳朵旁制造出声腔。声音可以以立体声或三维的方式听到。3D方法在听者的四周发出声音。通过改变设置,当听者移动头部时,声音就会跟着听者移动。声音也有可能离开声束器的传播路径,听者什么也听不到"。由此可知,该段主要叙述的是该设备的工作原理。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容,结合文章第一段"Imagine a world where you move around in front of a personal computer in your own...That is the possibility presented by 'sound beaming', a new technology from Noveto Systems, an Israeli company.(试想一下,你在自己的电脑前走动,沉浸在自我的......以色列一家名为诺维托的公司开发了"声音光束"这一新技术让一切成为可能)"可知,文章主要介绍以色列一家名为诺维托的公司开发了"声音光束"新技术,不用耳机就可以传送声音,所以选A项。
D
答案：1-4 ACDB
解析：1.文章结构题。文章第一段主要介绍了Levison在SBAH会见Professor Tshifularo以及SBAH的情况, 下文具体介绍了Tshifularo的成就, 故第一段起到介绍背景的作用。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"who has performed the world's first middle ear transplant using 3D printed bones"、第四段中的"And it's not the professor's only world-first"和第五段中的"What I am doing here, nobody else is doing."可知, Tshifularo教授用3D打印技术打印的骨骼进行了中耳移植手术, 做了其他人未做过的事情, 创造了不止一个世界第一, 故可推知他富有创造力; 再结合第二段中的"This was not an overnight breakthrough—it's the result of 10 years' investing in research and state-of-the-art health technology."可知, Tshifularo教授热衷于自己的研究, 故答案为C项(有创造力和献身精神的)。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"With the most potential in aerospace, auto, consumer goods and health care, the technologies are making a global impact. MedTech Drive says that 3D printing will be a central part of all major health care businesses within five to ten years."可知, 3D打印还可以应用到航空航天、汽车、消费品和医疗保健等领域, 即3D技术将会在很多领域有广泛的应用。故D项正确。干扰项分析: A项(它给SBAH带来了巨大的利润)与最后一段倒数第二句(国际医学界将从中获益)相悖; B项(它在医疗保健方面正在发挥关键作用)与第三段最后一句中的"将会在五到十年内发挥重要作用"相悖; C项"guarantees safety"(保证安全)与第四段第二句"fewer risks(风险更小)"相悖。
4.标题归纳题。文章介绍了Tshifularo教授及其团队利用3D打印技术打印的听小骨成功地进行了中耳移植手术从而创造了历史。故选B项。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ GBFDE
解析：①选项G中"also defines"与前文"The Free Dictionary defines..."相呼应, 故选G。
②根据标题及下一句"Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work."可知, 一个优秀的科学家对事物一定很好奇, 故选B。
③根据下一句"There are very few jobs that take longer than this one."可知, 成为一名科学家需要很长时间, 故选F。
④根据前文"A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest."可知, 科学家必须如实地汇报自己的发现, 不受个人利益和外界商业利益的诱惑。坚持与证据相矛盾的旧观点是行不通的。选项D"However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence."(然而, 没有强有力的证据, 那个观点也不应改变)是承接上一句话来说明的, 故选D。
⑤下一句"He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally."说的是科学家的工作方式。由句子中的also可知, 设空处也在描述科学家的工作方式。选项E"He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed."说的是科学家可以单独工作也可以小组合作, 这取决于工作的需要, 故选E。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CADBA 6-10 BCABD 11-15 ADCCB
解析：1.根据下文By the time workers found Jesse， about 700 metres of pipes had been _____ during a 12-hour period.可知，这个男孩名叫杰西 赫曼德兹，被困在城市大型地下排污系统里超过12个小时。故C项正确。
2.排污系统里肯定都是污水和其他废料。固定搭配be filled with意为“被……填满”。故A项正确。
3.设空处是对前面的refuse liquids and other waste materials的进一步说明，结合语境及选项可知，排污系统里都是污水和其他废料，其中一些还有毒。故D项正确。
4.周日家庭聚会上，杰西正和其他小朋友在公园里玩耍。根据下一句中的children可知B项正确。
5.根据The boy fell about eight metres down and _____ in fast-moving sewage.可知，这个被木板遮盖的井口通向排污系统。故A项正确。
6.根据The boy fell about eight metres down and _____ in fast-moving sewage.可知，因为其中有一块木板坏了，男孩跌落了大概8米深，之后落在了快速流动的污水中。故B项正确。
7.根据后一句The adults then called an emergency telephone line for help.可知，其他孩子立刻把发生的事告诉了大人。故C项正确。
8.营救人员立即开始在地下搜寻杰西。根据下文的内容可知A项正确。
9.一组环卫工人匆忙赶往该地，并打开了一处检查井。由第四段第一句中的located Jesse可知B项正确。
10.从最后一段可知，他们的耐心和乐观最终得到了回报。故D项正确。
11.根据The crew lowered down a long rope to Jesse.和The boy held on to the rope可知，男孩抓住下放的绳子，工人们将他拉了上来。故A项正确。
12.根据第四段描述的搜索过程可知，到工人们发现杰西为止，他们已经在12个小时内搜索了大概700米长的管道。故D项正确。
13.根据第二段最后一句The boy fell about eight metres down and _____ in fast-moving sewage.可知，杰西被发现的地方距离他失踪的地方不到两千米。故C项正确。
14.根据第五段最后一句以及设空后一句Jesse was lucky to find a small area of _____ air and waited there until he was found.可知，杰西掉进大型排污系统，是生死攸关的时刻，超过百人不知疲倦地为杰西的生存作出了贡献。故C项正确。
15.根据第一段最后一句和设空前的lucky可知，杰西很幸运在恶劣的环境中找到了一个可以呼吸的地方，并在那里等待救援。故B项正确。
第二节
答案：①lying ②the ③probably ④was understood ⑤for ⑥which/that ⑦quantities ⑧to boom ⑨invention ⑩cooler
解析：①考查非谓语动词。roots与lie是逻辑上的主动关系, 应该用动词的-ing形式。故填lying。
②考查冠词。此处特指唯一的孩子, 故用定冠词the。
③考查副词构词法。修饰was recognized应该用副词, 故填probably。注意: 以le结尾的形容词变副词时, 要去e加-y。
④考查动词的时态和语态。此处表示直到20世纪80年代的时候存在的情况, 下文的were也是暗示, 故此处应该用一般过去时, 且主语industry与understand是被动关系, 应该用被动语态。
⑤考查介词。for the first time为固定搭配, 意为"首次; 第一次"。
⑥考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是families, 指的是"家庭", 从句中缺少主语, 故用which/that。
⑦考查名词单复数。a quantity/quantities of大量, 故用quantities。
⑧考查非谓语动词。cause sb./sth. to do sth.表示"使某人/某物做某事", 故用不定式。
⑨考查名词构词法。根据空前的many an可知, 设空处要填名词单数, invent的名词形式是invention。
⑩考查形容词比较级。根据前面的more satisfying和后面比较级的标志词than可知, 此处要用比较级cooler。
第三节
答案：
Perhaps no other scientist has a greater impact on rice growing than Chinese scientist Yuan Longping. He majored in agriculture in university and after graduation he began experiments in crop breeding. In the field of rice growing, he transformed the way people planted rice by crossing different species of rice plant. His breakthrough in the area of science research in 1970 was that he discovered a naturally sterile male rice plant. China saw a substantial increase in yield through Yuan's tireless efforts, for which he earned the name of "the father of hybrid rice".
答案：
Paragraph 1:
She set me in a chair and handed a package to me. She said to me, "Thanks for cutting grass for me. Because I didn't have much money, I didn't pay you money. I had promised to give you a present, so it is time for you to get your present." I was so excited that I wanted to open it right now, but Mrs Long stopped me and said, "You can't open it until Christmas morning. Can you make it " "Of course, Mrs Long, " I replied.
Paragraph 2:
On Christmas morning, I could not wait to open the package. To my excitement, it was a brand-new pair of ice skates which I was eager for. I couldn't control myself and went to the frozen pond. I skated on the ice with the other people. As I skated on the ice, I thought of Mrs Long-how kind she was to send me such a present. She observed me for a long time and knew what I wanted so much. It was a present better than much money.
2