人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 3 Food and Culture B卷 能力提升单元达标测试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 3 Food and Culture B卷 能力提升单元达标测试卷（含解析） |  | |
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Unit 3 Food and Culture B卷 能力提升—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Here're the most popular events in NYC!
Baking French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion
$50. 00 Phone number (913) 846-6322
Master the art of French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion, Chef Mel! Bake alongside Me and your Northeast Community Managers as we make twix macarons. Chef Mel is generously offering Yelpers a 10% discount!
Yelp Shops Local : A Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova
$46. 00 Phone number (012) 874-7032
We know how much you miss exploring the world, seeing new sites and of course, eating new foods from all over. We can help you experience a night abroad with our Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova! This event will take place on Zoom and Yelpers from all over are welcome! It will be the perfect way to try some traditional French snacks, sweets and spread right in your own home. No passport needed!
Yelp North Jersey Presents : Taste the Holidays at Home
$49. 00 Phone number (914) 865-7026
The holiday season is upon us, and we've got all things cooking and baking on the brain! Join us for a series of virtual events where we'll learn how to create delicious and comforting sweet and tasty seasonal creations. We're bringing the experts into your very own kitchen. We'll be cooking with some local cooking experts, and they are excited to share their tips and tricks with you. Before the event you'll be provided with a list of ingredients to secure in advance.
December CannaGather
$48. 00 Phone number (012) 229-5600
CannaGather hosts the largest monthly educational and networking events for the cannabis (大麻) industry in NYC. This month's event for the cannabis industry will be featuring State Senator Diane Savino and Congressman Jerry Nadler.
1.For which event can one pay least to join
A.December CannaGather.
B.Baking French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion.
C.Yelp North Jersey Presents : Taste the Holidays at Home.
D.Yelp Shops Local : A Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova.
2.Which will you call for further information if you prefer a virtual activity
A.(913) 846-6322. B.(012) 874-7032. C.(914) 865-7026. D.(012) 229-5600.
3.Which section is the text probably taken from
A.Virtual Music. B.Food & Drink. C.Performing Arts. D.Lectures & Books.
B
Sometimes picking the right music or lighting for a dinner date can be daunting, but research suggests you should be focusing on the color of your napkins too.
A new report examining the relationship between colored napkins and the flavor of food found that color is a powerful contributor. The report reveals which colors pair best with which dishes to help give your dinners that extra bit of flavor. Napkin brand Tork partnered with Swedish food stylist and chef, Linda Lundgren, who paired dishes with a range of colored napkins.
She told trade magazine The Caterer: "How do you make a strawberry mousse sweeter and richer-tasting The answer isn't more strawberries and sugar. Instead, try serving the dish with a coral pink napkin. The color actually increases the perception of sweetness and decreases bitterness, making it perfect for desserts."
"The experiments found that aqua blue napkins enhance the flavor of eggs and Indian food. This is because it brings out orange and yellow as contrast colors and makes the dishes seem less salty," Ms Lundgren said.
Coral pink helps to decrease the bitterness of dishes like grapefruit and makes meals taste sweeter, while pink or rose red work best with desserts.
Mustard yellow helps to improve the flavor of green dish such as sprouts and salads, as well as tart flavors including fish and sea food. Anthracite grey helps to contrast the tones of lighter colored table settings and meals, meaning grey napkins give Mediterranean food a richer taste.
1.What color napkins would you choose if your guest comes from India
A.Yellow. B.Blue. C.Pink. D.Grey.
2.Which one is not the colored napkins' function
A.To make you not hungry. B.To enhance the flavor of eggs.
C.To decrease the perception of bitterness. D.To increase the perception of sweetness.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.How to make napkins colorful.
B.The importance of colors.
C.The relationship between colored napkins and the flavor of food.
D.Colored napkins can increase sweetness.
4.The passage mainly tells us the relationship between _______.
A.colored napkins and food B.music and food
C.lighting and food D.environment and food
C
The bad health effects of sleep loss during the week can't be repaid by longer weekend sleep, according to a new study.
Researchers have long known that sleep deprivation(剥夺) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks. But for those who force themselves out of bed every weekday after too few hours of shut-eye, they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.
The research, published in Current Biology, crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of sleep loss, those gains were wiped out when people fell right back into their same sleep-deprived schedule the next Monday.
"If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they're gone when you go back to your daily schedule. It's very short-lived," said Kenneth Wright, director of the sleep and chronobiology (生物钟学) lab at the University of Colorado at Boulder. "These health effects are long-term. It's kind of like smoking once was—people would smoke and wouldn't see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep loss is in the early stage of where smoking used to be."
Wright said that the study suggests people should put sleep in the first place—cutting out the "sleep stealers" such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones. Even though people don't have a choice about losing sleep because of child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about getting sleep in the same way they would get a healthy diet or exercise.
1.What do the researchers find about weekend recovery sleep
A.It is common among people. B.It will make people healthier.
C.It can make people put on weight. D.It's able to make up for the sleep loss.
2.What does the underlined word "crushes" mean
A.Arouses. B.Guarantees. C.Deepens. D.Ruins.
3.What will Kenneth Wright agree with
A.It takes long for people to see the effects of sleep loss.
B.Smoking and sleep loss have the same bad effects.
C.Weekend recovery sleep has many benefits.
D.Smoking is more harmful than sleep loss.
4.What does Kenneth Wright advise people to do
A.Sleep as long as possible during weekdays.
B.Watch some TV shows before bedtime.
C.Reduce the screen time before sleep.
D.Take regular exercise every day.
D
Scientists have found that eating dark chocolate appears to lower the risk of depression by four fold. While 7.6 percent of the 13,000 people surveyed reported depressive symptoms, just 1.5 percent of the chocolate eaters did. The study also found that the people who consumed the most of any chocolate were also 57 percent less likely to report depressive symptoms.
The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type of chocolate consumed. The team assessed data from 13,626 adults from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
A range of other factors including height, weight, marital status, education, household income, physical activity, smoking and chronic (慢性的) health problems were also taken into account to ensure the study only measured chocolate's effect on depressive symptoms.
After adjusting for these factors, it was found that individuals who reported eating any dark chocolate in two 24-hour periods had 70 percent lower odds of reporting clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the previous two weeks than those who reported not eating chocolate at all.
Chocolate contains a number of psychoactive ingredients (精神活性成分) which produce a feeling of euphoria (兴奋感) similar to that of cannabinoid (大麻素), found in cannabis. It also contains phenylethylamine(苯基乙胺), which is believed to be important for regulating people's moods.
However British scientists urged caution about the findings, suggesting that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors. For example, people who choose dark chocolate may be more health conscious in general, which is known to protect against depression.
Depressed people are also more likely to crave more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alternative when choosing chocolate.
1.What is the aim of the study
A.To find a cure for depression.
B.To find out the cause of depression.
C.To research on the ingredients of chocolate.
D.To study association between depression and chocolate.
2.What is phenylethylamine
A.Something that can make people excited.
B.Something that can adjust people's moods.
C.Something that can make people depressed.
D.Something that can make people overweight.
3.What is British scientists' attitude toward the findings
A.Supportive. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Cautious.
4.What are depressed people more likely to do
A.Eat sugary fatty foods. B.Have dark chocolates.
C.Exercise outdoors. D.Concern about health.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A calorie is a unit of energy. The calories you see on nutrition labels, however, are actually kilocalories. ①_______ One kilocalorie is the amount of energy required to heat 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Calories in our food all come from one of the three nutrients: fat, carbohydrates (碳水化合物) and protein.
In 1990, the US government passed an act(法案), which means that before any packaged food in the US hits the shelves, food scientists have to measure its nutrients and calories. One way to do this is with a tool called a calorimeter(热量计). ②_______ To use this tool, scientists place the food in a sealed container surrounded by water and heat it until the food is completely burned off. Scientists then record the rise in water temperature to determine the number of calories in the product.
③_______ It was developed by the 19th-century US chemist Wilbur Atwater to indirectly estimate of the number of calories in food products. Calorimeters don't take into account that humans lose some calories through heat and feces (排泄物). Atwater's experiments have found that proteins and carbohydrates each have about 4 calories per gram and fats have 9 calories per gram. ④_______
However, some experts say that the Atwater system is outdated and inaccurate. ⑤_______ Besides, it doesn't take into account the digestive process, but assumes complete change of nutrients to energy.
A. That is the 4-9-4 system.
B. Food scientists also rely on another calculation.
C. These calorie counts aren't incredibly accurate.
D. It was more than likely calculated through the classic Atwater system.
E. This tool directly measures the amount of energy that a certain food contains.
F. Food packaging always refers to kilocalories, even though it just says "calories".
G. They say the energy content of certain foods couldn't be accurately calculated, such as nuts, by the Atwater system.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Anna was very particular about food. She never ate the wonderful pizzas or ice creams her mother made, which were her parents' 1 . She just ate other things. Anna was 2 , but her parents were both fat. Their likes were her dislikes. 3 , everyone wondered who she had taken after. Anna's parents thought she was ill.
One day, they went to see a doctor. He took them to a machine. Then he put a plate of fish in front of them, and 4 on the machine.
It started playing sounds: waves' 5 sound and the songs of seabirds. After some time the doctor 6 the fish with fruit and vegetables. The sounds of the sea 7 , and there came the sounds of gentle wind, birdsong, and rain. All of them enjoyed the beautiful sounds of nature, but the doctor 8 the plate again. And this time it was a dish of meat. The machine started making lively sounds: the sound of 9 animals. Still quite pleasant. Then the doctor brought a strongly smelling pizza. The machine seemed to 10 down. Instead of beautiful sounds, out came noisy sounds. The noise was so disturbing that the family had to ask the doctor to change the 11 of food. The doctor brought them ice creams, burgers and candy...but they thought the sounds were still 12 . Finally Anna's parents asked the doctor to bring fruit back.
"Anna isn't ill," said the doctor. "She can understand each type of food's own 13 . It comes from where the food was born, raised, and prepared. Anna wants to eat the food whose music is 14 . That's why she's slim and healthy."
These days, they all look slim, 15 from then on, in the house pizzas, burgers, puddings, and ice creams were replaced by fruit, vegetables, and fish.
What did your dinner sound like today
1.A.ideal B.agreement C.favorite D.challenge
2.A.thick B.weak C.clean D.slim
3.A.Suddenly B.Specially C.Sincerely D.Naturally
4.A.depended B.passed C.lived D.turned
5.A.sweet B.relaxing C.strange D.surprising
6.A.compared B.helped C.covered D.replaced
7.A.stopped B.traveled C.began D.continued
8.A.dropped B.washed C.changed D.offered
9.A.farm B.pet C.forest D.sea
10.A.break B.lie C.burn D.sit
11.A.amount B.colour C.type D.quality
12.A.terrible B.beautiful C.serious D.quiet
13.A.character B.music C.habit D.requirement
14.A.wonderful B.heavy C.original D.traditional
15.A.though B.since C.therefore D.if
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In North America, people are always in ①_____ hurry. Children usually have special lessons or sports activities after school. Parents often work late and don't get home until 7 or 8 o'clock at night. Most North American families don't have time to prepare a meal. That is ②_____ fast food is so popular in North America. People spend about 40% of their dollars on fast food.
People usually buy fast food from restaurant chains such as Pizza Hut, McDonald's, and KFC, ③_____ they can enjoy pizza, sandwiches, sausages, ④_____(fry) chicken, and so on. Fast food saves time, but it is not ⑤_____(nutrition).
Although fast food ⑥_____(call) junk food, it is very popular in many ⑦_____(country). American fast food companies now have restaurants all over the world. But not everyone is happy about the spread of North American fast food. A group of people in Italy want to fight ⑧_____ the spread of American fast food. Overall, they don't like the idea of ⑨_____(many) fast food chains ⑩_____(open) restaurants in their country.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
根据下面提示,写一篇有关健康的短文。词数:80左右。
1. 随着生活水平不断提高,越来越多的人,尤其是孩子,正在饱受肥胖(obesity)之苦。(with复合结构作状语)
2. 为了解决这个问题,首先,我们需要均衡膳食,包括水果、蔬菜和肉类。(in order to, consist of)
3. 我们还要减少富含糖和脂肪的食物的摄入量,它们容易让你胖起来。(cut down, which引导的定语从句)
4. 务必进行有规律的锻炼,它对我们的身心有益。(强调动词,benefit)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was a cold winter day. A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth(收费站). "I'm paying for myself, and for the six cars behind me," she said with a smile, handing over seven tickets. One after another, the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed, " Some lady up ahead already paid your fare." It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a friend's refrigerator:"Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty." The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down as soon as she got home. Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home. When it stayed on her mind for days, she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down in her diary. "I thought it was beautiful," she said, explaining why she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters, like a message from above." Her husband, Frank, liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students, one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson, a local news reporter. Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting that though she liked it, she didn't know where it came from or what it really meant. She really wanted to find out the originator (提出者)of this phrase and know about the story of it. Two days later, Alice got a call from Anne Herbert, a woman living in Marin. It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days. The restaurant was decorated in a simple style and the owner had a kind heart. He regularly handed out food to the beggars nearby, which left a deep impression on Anne. Then Alice asked her what her idea was.
注意：
1.续写的词数应为150左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1 :
"Here's the idea:, Anne says.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
The world will be much better when the acts of random kindness spread.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.BCB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一个活动中"$50.00 Phone number (913)846-6322"和"Chef Mel is generously offering Yelpers a 10% discount!(梅尔主厨慷慨地给点评网网友提供10%的折扣)"可知,Baking French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion这个活动支付45美元,与其他活动相比最低。
2.细节理解题。根据第三个活动中"Join us for a series of virtual events where we'll learn how to create delicious and comforting sweet and tasty seasonal creations.(加入我们的一系列虚拟活动,我们将学习如何创造既可口又舒适的糖果和美味的季节性创意作品)"可知,如果你更喜欢虚拟活动,要向机构询问更多的信息要拨打(914)865-7026。
3.推理判断题。根据文中几个活动名称"Baking French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion"和"Yelp Shops Local: A Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova"中的单词"Baking French Macarons(烤法国马卡龙)"和"A Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova(Tova主厨的巴黎美食之旅)"可知,这篇文章摘自食物和饮料区。
B
答案：1-4.BACA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"The experiments found that aqua blue napkins enhance the flavor of eggs and Indian food."可知,B项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的enhance the flavor of eggs and Indian food可排除B项;根据第三段中的increases the perception of sweetness and decreases bitterness可排除C、D两项。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"A new report examining the relationship between colored napkins and the favor of food found that color is a powerful contributor."可知,C项正确。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了各种颜色的餐巾和食物口感之间的关系,所以选A项。
C
答案：1-4.CDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term."可知,工作日睡眠少(周末补觉)的人,体重可能会增加。
2.词义猜测题。理解此词的关键在于明白those hopes指代的是第二段中的"...they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects."。根据本句可知,人们寄希望于通过周末补觉来弥补工作日缺失的睡眠,然而这项研究却“打破”了人们的这种愿望。由此推测此词意为“摧毁,打破”。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"These health effects are long-term. It's kind of like smoking once was—people would smoke and wouldn't see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep loss is in the early stage of where smoking used to be."可知,Kenneth Wright认为,人们对于睡眠缺失的了解现阶段还不深,就像是吸烟一样,得过上一段时间之后人们才会看到它的坏处。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的people should put sleep in the first place—cutting out the "sleep stealers" such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones可知,他建议人们缩减看电视或玩手机的时间来保证睡眠。
D
答案：1-4.DBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type of chocolate consumed."可知,其目的是研究抑郁症和食用巧克力的种类之间的关系。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的which is believed to be important for regulating people's moods可知,苯基乙胺是调节人们情绪的东西。
3.推理判断题。根据第六段第一句"However British scientists urged caution about the findings, suggesting that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors."可知,英国科学家对研究的发现持谨慎的态度。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容"Depressed people are also more likely to crave more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alternative when choosing chocolate."可知,抑郁的人也更有可能想吃更多的高糖高脂食物,因此在选择巧克力时,他们不太可能选择黑巧克力。
第二节
答案：①-⑤FEBAG
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了食品热量计算方法的发展过程,比较了它们之间的异同。
①根据上文提到的“然而,你在营养标签上看到的卡路里实际上是千卡”可知,F项“食品包装总是指千卡,尽管它只是说卡路里”是对上文的进一步说明。
②根据上文提到的"One way to do this is with a tool called a calorimeter."可知,E项可承接上文。
③根据下文中的"It was developed by the 19th-century US chemist Wilbur Atwater..."可知,本段介绍的是另一种计量方法,B项可作为主题句。
④上文介绍了这位美国化学家的实验结果,A项"That is the 4-9-4 system."便是实验所得出的理论。
⑤根据本段的第一句可知,有些科学家持有不同的观点,G项“他们说,阿特沃特系统无法准确计算某些食物的能量含量,比如坚果”可承接上文。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CDDDB 6-10 DACAA 11-15 CABAB
解析：1.根据下文中的Their likes were her dislikes.可知, 这是安娜的父母喜爱的食物。因此选C。
2.由空后的"but"可知, 前后内容在逻辑上是转折关系, 后文提到安娜的父母非常胖。因此可以判断出安娜和父母是相反的, 父母很胖, 然而安娜很苗条。故选D。slim表示"苗条的"。
3.通常孩子都会像父母之中的一位, 但她和父母都不像, 所以人们很"自然地"就会思考安娜到底像谁。因此选D。naturally自然地。本句中短语"take after"意为"与......相似"。suddenly突然地; specially特别地; sincerely真诚地。
4.根据下文中的"It started playing sounds"可知, 机器开始运转, 故此处是说医生启动机器。turn on打开; pass on传递; live on以......为生; depend on依靠。
5.由下文中的seabirds、gentle wind、birdsong、rain以及"Still quite pleasant."(仍然令人非常愉悦)可知, 这些声音都是令人愉悦的。根据语境可以判断出, 此处表示"令人放松的海浪声"。
6.replace...with...把......换成......。根据上下文, 这里声音的不同是因为医生把鱼"换成"了水果和蔬菜。因此选D。
7.根据上文可知医生将盘子里的鱼换成了水果和蔬菜。由下文可知传来了风声、鸟声和雨声。由此可见, 声音是随着盘子里的食物的变化而变化的, 所以当盘子里的食物从鱼变成水果和蔬菜时, 海的声音就"停止"了。
8.根据下文"this time it was a dish of meat"(这次是一盘肉)可以得知医生再次"更换"了盘子。因此选C。
9.由倒数第三段中的"It comes from where the food was born, raised"可知, 播放的声音跟食物之间有联系, 而通常吃的肉, 如牛和羊, 都是来自"农场"养殖的动物, 因此选A。
10.根据下文中的"The noise was so disturbing"可知, 机器开始播放噪音, 这种声音让人觉得机器好像坏了一样。break down坏掉; 出故障。
11.根据下文中的"The doctor brought them ice creams, burgers and candy"可知, 医生将比萨饼换成了冰淇淋、汉堡、糖果等, 是更换了食物的种类。因此选C。
12.根据设空前的still以及前面"The noise was so disturbing"可知, 他们认为这声音依然很难听。因此选A。
13.根据上文可知, 不同的食物对应不同的音乐。因此此处表示安娜能听懂每种食物自己的"音乐"。
14.由上文可知安娜喜欢的食物都来自大自然, 是健康的食物, 并且这些食物所蕴含的音乐是"美妙的"。因此选A。
15.设空处前后是因果关系, 且设空处后为原因, 故选B。since因为, 引导原因状语从句。因为他们都开始吃健康的食物, 所以现在他们看上去都很苗条。therefore因此, though(即使)引导让步状语从句, if(如果)引导条件状语从句。
第二节
答案：①a ②why ③where ④fried ⑤nutritious ⑥is called ⑦countries ⑧against ⑨more ⑩opening
解析：①考查冠词。in a hurry意为"匆忙"。
②考查表语从句。That is why...那就是......的原因, 故填why。
③考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词restaurant chains, 关系词在从句中作地点状语, 故填where。
④考查非谓语动词。此处需填过去分词形式修饰名词chicken。fried chicken意为"炸鸡"。
⑤考查构词法。此处应用形容词作表语。
⑥考查动词的时态和语态。fast food与call之间为被动关系, 结合上下文语境可知用一般现在时。故填is called。
⑦考查名词复数。由many可知应用名词复数。
⑧考查介词。fight against...意为"抗击......, 与......斗争"。
⑨考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知, 他们不喜欢在他们国家开更多的快餐连锁店。
⑩考查非谓语动词。fast food chains与open之间为主动关系, 故用动词-ing形式。
第三节
答案：
With people's living standard continuing to improve, an increasing number of people, especially children, have suffered from obesity. In order to deal with the problem, first of all, we need to have a balanced diet consisting of fruit, vegetables and meat. Besides, we should cut down the amount of food containing too much sugar and fat, which will get you to put on weight easily. Meanwhile, do have regular exercise, which benefits us both physically and mentally.
答案：
Paragraph 1:
"Here's the idea," Anne says. "Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly." Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools , leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town , sending clothes to children without parents , passing on kindness to a stranger with a smile , and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, "Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can."
Paragraph 2:
The world will be much better when the acts of random kindness spread. If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid , who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. Like all great events , kindness begins slowly with every single act. Try your best and do whatever you can to show your kindness in daily life. And you will find the world is full of beauty.
2
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Here're the most popular events in NYC!
Baking French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion
$50. 00 Phone number (913) 846-6322
Master the art of French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion, Chef Mel! Bake alongside Me and your Northeast Community Managers as we make twix macarons. Chef Mel is generously offering Yelpers a 10% discount!
Yelp Shops Local : A Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova
$46. 00 Phone number (012) 874-7032
We know how much you miss exploring the world, seeing new sites and of course, eating new foods from all over. We can help you experience a night abroad with our Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova! This event will take place on Zoom and Yelpers from all over are welcome! It will be the perfect way to try some traditional French snacks, sweets and spread right in your own home. No passport needed!
Yelp North Jersey Presents : Taste the Holidays at Home
$49. 00 Phone number (914) 865-7026
The holiday season is upon us, and we've got all things cooking and baking on the brain! Join us for a series of virtual events where we'll learn how to create delicious and comforting sweet and tasty seasonal creations. We're bringing the experts into your very own kitchen. We'll be cooking with some local cooking experts, and they are excited to share their tips and tricks with you. Before the event you'll be provided with a list of ingredients to secure in advance.
December CannaGather
$48. 00 Phone number (012) 229-5600
CannaGather hosts the largest monthly educational and networking events for the cannabis (大麻) industry in NYC. This month's event for the cannabis industry will be featuring State Senator Diane Savino and Congressman Jerry Nadler.
1.For which event can one pay least to join
A.December CannaGather.
B.Baking French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion.
C.Yelp North Jersey Presents : Taste the Holidays at Home.
D.Yelp Shops Local : A Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova.
2.Which will you call for further information if you prefer a virtual activity
A.(913) 846-6322. B.(012) 874-7032. C.(914) 865-7026. D.(012) 229-5600.
3.Which section is the text probably taken from
A.Virtual Music. B.Food & Drink. C.Performing Arts. D.Lectures & Books.
B
Sometimes picking the right music or lighting for a dinner date can be daunting, but research suggests you should be focusing on the color of your napkins too.
A new report examining the relationship between colored napkins and the flavor of food found that color is a powerful contributor. The report reveals which colors pair best with which dishes to help give your dinners that extra bit of flavor. Napkin brand Tork partnered with Swedish food stylist and chef, Linda Lundgren, who paired dishes with a range of colored napkins.
She told trade magazine The Caterer: "How do you make a strawberry mousse sweeter and richer-tasting The answer isn't more strawberries and sugar. Instead, try serving the dish with a coral pink napkin. The color actually increases the perception of sweetness and decreases bitterness, making it perfect for desserts."
"The experiments found that aqua blue napkins enhance the flavor of eggs and Indian food. This is because it brings out orange and yellow as contrast colors and makes the dishes seem less salty," Ms Lundgren said.
Coral pink helps to decrease the bitterness of dishes like grapefruit and makes meals taste sweeter, while pink or rose red work best with desserts.
Mustard yellow helps to improve the flavor of green dish such as sprouts and salads, as well as tart flavors including fish and sea food. Anthracite grey helps to contrast the tones of lighter colored table settings and meals, meaning grey napkins give Mediterranean food a richer taste.
1.What color napkins would you choose if your guest comes from India
A.Yellow. B.Blue. C.Pink. D.Grey.
2.Which one is not the colored napkins' function
A.To make you not hungry. B.To enhance the flavor of eggs.
C.To decrease the perception of bitterness. D.To increase the perception of sweetness.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.How to make napkins colorful.
B.The importance of colors.
C.The relationship between colored napkins and the flavor of food.
D.Colored napkins can increase sweetness.
4.The passage mainly tells us the relationship between _______.
A.colored napkins and food B.music and food
C.lighting and food D.environment and food
C
The bad health effects of sleep loss during the week can't be repaid by longer weekend sleep, according to a new study.
Researchers have long known that sleep deprivation(剥夺) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks. But for those who force themselves out of bed every weekday after too few hours of shut-eye, they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.
The research, published in Current Biology, crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of sleep loss, those gains were wiped out when people fell right back into their same sleep-deprived schedule the next Monday.
"If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they're gone when you go back to your daily schedule. It's very short-lived," said Kenneth Wright, director of the sleep and chronobiology (生物钟学) lab at the University of Colorado at Boulder. "These health effects are long-term. It's kind of like smoking once was—people would smoke and wouldn't see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep loss is in the early stage of where smoking used to be."
Wright said that the study suggests people should put sleep in the first place—cutting out the "sleep stealers" such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones. Even though people don't have a choice about losing sleep because of child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about getting sleep in the same way they would get a healthy diet or exercise.
1.What do the researchers find about weekend recovery sleep
A.It is common among people. B.It will make people healthier.
C.It can make people put on weight. D.It's able to make up for the sleep loss.
2.What does the underlined word "crushes" mean
A.Arouses. B.Guarantees. C.Deepens. D.Ruins.
3.What will Kenneth Wright agree with
A.It takes long for people to see the effects of sleep loss.
B.Smoking and sleep loss have the same bad effects.
C.Weekend recovery sleep has many benefits.
D.Smoking is more harmful than sleep loss.
4.What does Kenneth Wright advise people to do
A.Sleep as long as possible during weekdays.
B.Watch some TV shows before bedtime.
C.Reduce the screen time before sleep.
D.Take regular exercise every day.
D
Scientists have found that eating dark chocolate appears to lower the risk of depression by four fold. While 7.6 percent of the 13,000 people surveyed reported depressive symptoms, just 1.5 percent of the chocolate eaters did. The study also found that the people who consumed the most of any chocolate were also 57 percent less likely to report depressive symptoms.
The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type of chocolate consumed. The team assessed data from 13,626 adults from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
A range of other factors including height, weight, marital status, education, household income, physical activity, smoking and chronic (慢性的) health problems were also taken into account to ensure the study only measured chocolate's effect on depressive symptoms.
After adjusting for these factors, it was found that individuals who reported eating any dark chocolate in two 24-hour periods had 70 percent lower odds of reporting clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the previous two weeks than those who reported not eating chocolate at all.
Chocolate contains a number of psychoactive ingredients (精神活性成分) which produce a feeling of euphoria (兴奋感) similar to that of cannabinoid (大麻素), found in cannabis. It also contains phenylethylamine(苯基乙胺), which is believed to be important for regulating people's moods.
However British scientists urged caution about the findings, suggesting that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors. For example, people who choose dark chocolate may be more health conscious in general, which is known to protect against depression.
Depressed people are also more likely to crave more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alternative when choosing chocolate.
1.What is the aim of the study
A.To find a cure for depression.
B.To find out the cause of depression.
C.To research on the ingredients of chocolate.
D.To study association between depression and chocolate.
2.What is phenylethylamine
A.Something that can make people excited.
B.Something that can adjust people's moods.
C.Something that can make people depressed.
D.Something that can make people overweight.
3.What is British scientists' attitude toward the findings
A.Supportive. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Cautious.
4.What are depressed people more likely to do
A.Eat sugary fatty foods. B.Have dark chocolates.
C.Exercise outdoors. D.Concern about health.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A calorie is a unit of energy. The calories you see on nutrition labels, however, are actually kilocalories. ①_______ One kilocalorie is the amount of energy required to heat 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Calories in our food all come from one of the three nutrients: fat, carbohydrates (碳水化合物) and protein.
In 1990, the US government passed an act(法案), which means that before any packaged food in the US hits the shelves, food scientists have to measure its nutrients and calories. One way to do this is with a tool called a calorimeter(热量计). ②_______ To use this tool, scientists place the food in a sealed container surrounded by water and heat it until the food is completely burned off. Scientists then record the rise in water temperature to determine the number of calories in the product.
③_______ It was developed by the 19th-century US chemist Wilbur Atwater to indirectly estimate of the number of calories in food products. Calorimeters don't take into account that humans lose some calories through heat and feces (排泄物). Atwater's experiments have found that proteins and carbohydrates each have about 4 calories per gram and fats have 9 calories per gram. ④_______
However, some experts say that the Atwater system is outdated and inaccurate. ⑤_______ Besides, it doesn't take into account the digestive process, but assumes complete change of nutrients to energy.
A. That is the 4-9-4 system.
B. Food scientists also rely on another calculation.
C. These calorie counts aren't incredibly accurate.
D. It was more than likely calculated through the classic Atwater system.
E. This tool directly measures the amount of energy that a certain food contains.
F. Food packaging always refers to kilocalories, even though it just says "calories".
G. They say the energy content of certain foods couldn't be accurately calculated, such as nuts, by the Atwater system.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Anna was very particular about food. She never ate the wonderful pizzas or ice creams her mother made, which were her parents' 1 . She just ate other things. Anna was 2 , but her parents were both fat. Their likes were her dislikes. 3 , everyone wondered who she had taken after. Anna's parents thought she was ill.
One day, they went to see a doctor. He took them to a machine. Then he put a plate of fish in front of them, and 4 on the machine.
It started playing sounds: waves' 5 sound and the songs of seabirds. After some time the doctor 6 the fish with fruit and vegetables. The sounds of the sea 7 , and there came the sounds of gentle wind, birdsong, and rain. All of them enjoyed the beautiful sounds of nature, but the doctor 8 the plate again. And this time it was a dish of meat. The machine started making lively sounds: the sound of 9 animals. Still quite pleasant. Then the doctor brought a strongly smelling pizza. The machine seemed to 10 down. Instead of beautiful sounds, out came noisy sounds. The noise was so disturbing that the family had to ask the doctor to change the 11 of food. The doctor brought them ice creams, burgers and candy...but they thought the sounds were still 12 . Finally Anna's parents asked the doctor to bring fruit back.
"Anna isn't ill," said the doctor. "She can understand each type of food's own 13 . It comes from where the food was born, raised, and prepared. Anna wants to eat the food whose music is 14 . That's why she's slim and healthy."
These days, they all look slim, 15 from then on, in the house pizzas, burgers, puddings, and ice creams were replaced by fruit, vegetables, and fish.
What did your dinner sound like today
1.A.ideal B.agreement C.favorite D.challenge
2.A.thick B.weak C.clean D.slim
3.A.Suddenly B.Specially C.Sincerely D.Naturally
4.A.depended B.passed C.lived D.turned
5.A.sweet B.relaxing C.strange D.surprising
6.A.compared B.helped C.covered D.replaced
7.A.stopped B.traveled C.began D.continued
8.A.dropped B.washed C.changed D.offered
9.A.farm B.pet C.forest D.sea
10.A.break B.lie C.burn D.sit
11.A.amount B.colour C.type D.quality
12.A.terrible B.beautiful C.serious D.quiet
13.A.character B.music C.habit D.requirement
14.A.wonderful B.heavy C.original D.traditional
15.A.though B.since C.therefore D.if
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In North America, people are always in ①_____ hurry. Children usually have special lessons or sports activities after school. Parents often work late and don't get home until 7 or 8 o'clock at night. Most North American families don't have time to prepare a meal. That is ②_____ fast food is so popular in North America. People spend about 40% of their dollars on fast food.
People usually buy fast food from restaurant chains such as Pizza Hut, McDonald's, and KFC, ③_____ they can enjoy pizza, sandwiches, sausages, ④_____(fry) chicken, and so on. Fast food saves time, but it is not ⑤_____(nutrition).
Although fast food ⑥_____(call) junk food, it is very popular in many ⑦_____(country). American fast food companies now have restaurants all over the world. But not everyone is happy about the spread of North American fast food. A group of people in Italy want to fight ⑧_____ the spread of American fast food. Overall, they don't like the idea of ⑨_____(many) fast food chains ⑩_____(open) restaurants in their country.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
根据下面提示,写一篇有关健康的短文。词数:80左右。
1. 随着生活水平不断提高,越来越多的人,尤其是孩子,正在饱受肥胖(obesity)之苦。(with复合结构作状语)
2. 为了解决这个问题,首先,我们需要均衡膳食,包括水果、蔬菜和肉类。(in order to, consist of)
3. 我们还要减少富含糖和脂肪的食物的摄入量,它们容易让你胖起来。(cut down, which引导的定语从句)
4. 务必进行有规律的锻炼,它对我们的身心有益。(强调动词,benefit)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was a cold winter day. A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth(收费站). "I'm paying for myself, and for the six cars behind me," she said with a smile, handing over seven tickets. One after another, the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed, " Some lady up ahead already paid your fare." It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a friend's refrigerator:"Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty." The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down as soon as she got home. Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home. When it stayed on her mind for days, she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down in her diary. "I thought it was beautiful," she said, explaining why she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters, like a message from above." Her husband, Frank, liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students, one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson, a local news reporter. Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting that though she liked it, she didn't know where it came from or what it really meant. She really wanted to find out the originator (提出者)of this phrase and know about the story of it. Two days later, Alice got a call from Anne Herbert, a woman living in Marin. It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days. The restaurant was decorated in a simple style and the owner had a kind heart. He regularly handed out food to the beggars nearby, which left a deep impression on Anne. Then Alice asked her what her idea was.
注意：
1.续写的词数应为150左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1 :
"Here's the idea:, Anne says.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
The world will be much better when the acts of random kindness spread.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.BCB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一个活动中"$50.00 Phone number (913)846-6322"和"Chef Mel is generously offering Yelpers a 10% discount!(梅尔主厨慷慨地给点评网网友提供10%的折扣)"可知,Baking French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion这个活动支付45美元,与其他活动相比最低。
2.细节理解题。根据第三个活动中"Join us for a series of virtual events where we'll learn how to create delicious and comforting sweet and tasty seasonal creations.(加入我们的一系列虚拟活动,我们将学习如何创造既可口又舒适的糖果和美味的季节性创意作品)"可知,如果你更喜欢虚拟活动,要向机构询问更多的信息要拨打(914)865-7026。
3.推理判断题。根据文中几个活动名称"Baking French Macarons with 2x Chopped Champion"和"Yelp Shops Local: A Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova"中的单词"Baking French Macarons(烤法国马卡龙)"和"A Cuisine Tour of Paris with Chef Tova(Tova主厨的巴黎美食之旅)"可知,这篇文章摘自食物和饮料区。
B
答案：1-4.BACA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"The experiments found that aqua blue napkins enhance the flavor of eggs and Indian food."可知,B项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的enhance the flavor of eggs and Indian food可排除B项;根据第三段中的increases the perception of sweetness and decreases bitterness可排除C、D两项。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"A new report examining the relationship between colored napkins and the favor of food found that color is a powerful contributor."可知,C项正确。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了各种颜色的餐巾和食物口感之间的关系,所以选A项。
C
答案：1-4.CDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term."可知,工作日睡眠少(周末补觉)的人,体重可能会增加。
2.词义猜测题。理解此词的关键在于明白those hopes指代的是第二段中的"...they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects."。根据本句可知,人们寄希望于通过周末补觉来弥补工作日缺失的睡眠,然而这项研究却“打破”了人们的这种愿望。由此推测此词意为“摧毁,打破”。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"These health effects are long-term. It's kind of like smoking once was—people would smoke and wouldn't see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep loss is in the early stage of where smoking used to be."可知,Kenneth Wright认为,人们对于睡眠缺失的了解现阶段还不深,就像是吸烟一样,得过上一段时间之后人们才会看到它的坏处。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的people should put sleep in the first place—cutting out the "sleep stealers" such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones可知,他建议人们缩减看电视或玩手机的时间来保证睡眠。
D
答案：1-4.DBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type of chocolate consumed."可知,其目的是研究抑郁症和食用巧克力的种类之间的关系。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的which is believed to be important for regulating people's moods可知,苯基乙胺是调节人们情绪的东西。
3.推理判断题。根据第六段第一句"However British scientists urged caution about the findings, suggesting that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors."可知,英国科学家对研究的发现持谨慎的态度。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容"Depressed people are also more likely to crave more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alternative when choosing chocolate."可知,抑郁的人也更有可能想吃更多的高糖高脂食物,因此在选择巧克力时,他们不太可能选择黑巧克力。
第二节
答案：①-⑤FEBAG
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了食品热量计算方法的发展过程,比较了它们之间的异同。
①根据上文提到的“然而,你在营养标签上看到的卡路里实际上是千卡”可知,F项“食品包装总是指千卡,尽管它只是说卡路里”是对上文的进一步说明。
②根据上文提到的"One way to do this is with a tool called a calorimeter."可知,E项可承接上文。
③根据下文中的"It was developed by the 19th-century US chemist Wilbur Atwater..."可知,本段介绍的是另一种计量方法,B项可作为主题句。
④上文介绍了这位美国化学家的实验结果,A项"That is the 4-9-4 system."便是实验所得出的理论。
⑤根据本段的第一句可知,有些科学家持有不同的观点,G项“他们说,阿特沃特系统无法准确计算某些食物的能量含量,比如坚果”可承接上文。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CDDDB 6-10 DACAA 11-15 CABAB
解析：1.根据下文中的Their likes were her dislikes.可知, 这是安娜的父母喜爱的食物。因此选C。
2.由空后的"but"可知, 前后内容在逻辑上是转折关系, 后文提到安娜的父母非常胖。因此可以判断出安娜和父母是相反的, 父母很胖, 然而安娜很苗条。故选D。slim表示"苗条的"。
3.通常孩子都会像父母之中的一位, 但她和父母都不像, 所以人们很"自然地"就会思考安娜到底像谁。因此选D。naturally自然地。本句中短语"take after"意为"与......相似"。suddenly突然地; specially特别地; sincerely真诚地。
4.根据下文中的"It started playing sounds"可知, 机器开始运转, 故此处是说医生启动机器。turn on打开; pass on传递; live on以......为生; depend on依靠。
5.由下文中的seabirds、gentle wind、birdsong、rain以及"Still quite pleasant."(仍然令人非常愉悦)可知, 这些声音都是令人愉悦的。根据语境可以判断出, 此处表示"令人放松的海浪声"。
6.replace...with...把......换成......。根据上下文, 这里声音的不同是因为医生把鱼"换成"了水果和蔬菜。因此选D。
7.根据上文可知医生将盘子里的鱼换成了水果和蔬菜。由下文可知传来了风声、鸟声和雨声。由此可见, 声音是随着盘子里的食物的变化而变化的, 所以当盘子里的食物从鱼变成水果和蔬菜时, 海的声音就"停止"了。
8.根据下文"this time it was a dish of meat"(这次是一盘肉)可以得知医生再次"更换"了盘子。因此选C。
9.由倒数第三段中的"It comes from where the food was born, raised"可知, 播放的声音跟食物之间有联系, 而通常吃的肉, 如牛和羊, 都是来自"农场"养殖的动物, 因此选A。
10.根据下文中的"The noise was so disturbing"可知, 机器开始播放噪音, 这种声音让人觉得机器好像坏了一样。break down坏掉; 出故障。
11.根据下文中的"The doctor brought them ice creams, burgers and candy"可知, 医生将比萨饼换成了冰淇淋、汉堡、糖果等, 是更换了食物的种类。因此选C。
12.根据设空前的still以及前面"The noise was so disturbing"可知, 他们认为这声音依然很难听。因此选A。
13.根据上文可知, 不同的食物对应不同的音乐。因此此处表示安娜能听懂每种食物自己的"音乐"。
14.由上文可知安娜喜欢的食物都来自大自然, 是健康的食物, 并且这些食物所蕴含的音乐是"美妙的"。因此选A。
15.设空处前后是因果关系, 且设空处后为原因, 故选B。since因为, 引导原因状语从句。因为他们都开始吃健康的食物, 所以现在他们看上去都很苗条。therefore因此, though(即使)引导让步状语从句, if(如果)引导条件状语从句。
第二节
答案：①a ②why ③where ④fried ⑤nutritious ⑥is called ⑦countries ⑧against ⑨more ⑩opening
解析：①考查冠词。in a hurry意为"匆忙"。
②考查表语从句。That is why...那就是......的原因, 故填why。
③考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词restaurant chains, 关系词在从句中作地点状语, 故填where。
④考查非谓语动词。此处需填过去分词形式修饰名词chicken。fried chicken意为"炸鸡"。
⑤考查构词法。此处应用形容词作表语。
⑥考查动词的时态和语态。fast food与call之间为被动关系, 结合上下文语境可知用一般现在时。故填is called。
⑦考查名词复数。由many可知应用名词复数。
⑧考查介词。fight against...意为"抗击......, 与......斗争"。
⑨考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知, 他们不喜欢在他们国家开更多的快餐连锁店。
⑩考查非谓语动词。fast food chains与open之间为主动关系, 故用动词-ing形式。
第三节
答案：
With people's living standard continuing to improve, an increasing number of people, especially children, have suffered from obesity. In order to deal with the problem, first of all, we need to have a balanced diet consisting of fruit, vegetables and meat. Besides, we should cut down the amount of food containing too much sugar and fat, which will get you to put on weight easily. Meanwhile, do have regular exercise, which benefits us both physically and mentally.
答案：
Paragraph 1:
"Here's the idea," Anne says. "Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly." Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools , leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town , sending clothes to children without parents , passing on kindness to a stranger with a smile , and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, "Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can."
Paragraph 2:
The world will be much better when the acts of random kindness spread. If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid , who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. Like all great events , kindness begins slowly with every single act. Try your best and do whatever you can to show your kindness in daily life. And you will find the world is full of beauty.
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