人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 基础夯实单元达标测试A卷 （含解析）
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Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land A卷 基础夯实—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Look at the map of Spain and point at the center. You've located the country's capital and one of Europe's most beautiful cities: Madrid. This popular destination is considered a city of contrasts with its abundant historic sites, resting in the shadows of modem skyscrapers.
History
This city of over 3 million people is proud of Western Europe's largest royal palace, and some consider it to be Madrid's most beautiful building.
Inside the Royal Palace 2,800 rooms are decorated in glory with museum-quality furniture and artworks. Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.
Art
The internationally respected Prado Museum is the largest and most impressive art gallery in Spain. Opened in 1819, it is filled with works of art that feature the world's most comprehensive collection of Spanish paintings.
Shopping
Madrid has some of Europe's best shopping malls, and potential buyers love to look through the stores looking for bargains. But for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as the Rastro where they can find everything from antiques to CDs.
Entertainment
No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain's famous art form, flamenco. Every day, flamenco performers sing, dance or play the guitar in small cafes and grand theaters alike.
Food
Madrid has a wide variety of restaurants, but because the Spanish typically eat late at about 9 or 10 p.m., it's difficult to find good dinner food earlier. If you get hungry before then, the best solution is to try a tapas bar where light snacks are served. Be sure to try the jamon, a kind of dry-cured ham: Spain is famous for it.
1.What do we know about the Royal Palace in Madrid
A.It can hold 2,800 people. B.It has 50 rooms for visit.
C.It's been visited by 3 million people. D.It is thought to be the largest in Europe.
2.What kind of market is "the Rastro"
A.For discount. B.For artworks.
C.To sell antiques and CDs. D.To sell various goods.
3.What is a must when traveling in Madrid
A.Having dinner earlier.
B.Visiting the Prado Museum.
C.Enjoying flamenco.
D.Drinking in a tapas bar
B
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.
1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City
A.Its business culture. B.Its small population.
C.Its geographical position. D.Its favourable climate.
2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson
A.Two-thirds of them stayed there. B.One out of five people got rich.
C.Almost everyone gave up. D.Half of them died.
3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson
A.They found the city too crowded. B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C.They were unable to stand the winter. D.They were short of food.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The rise and fall of a city. B.The gold rush in Canada.
C.Journeys into the wilderness. D.Tourism in Dawson.
C
Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve was set up in 1988. Covering an area of more than 33,819 square kilometers, it is home to one of the world's weakest ecosystems.
Kelsang, the deputy director of the Reserve Administration, said ordinary tourists were allowed to visit areas around Rongpo Monastery, almost 5,000 meters above sea level. As for travelers who have a climbing permit, they can go to the base camp at an altitude of 5,200 meters. The mountaineering activities have been permitted by the regional forestry department.
To conserve the environment surrounding Mount Qomolangma, China carried out three major clean-ups at an altitude of 5,200 meters and above last spring, collecting eight tons of household wastes, human wastes and mountaineering trash. This year, the clean-up will continue, and the remains of mountaineering victims above 8,000 meters will be centrally dealt with for the first time. Meanwhile, the number of people who stay at the base camp will be kept under 300.
Recently, there are 85 wildlife protectors in the reserve, and 1,000 herders have part-time jobs going around and cleaning up garbage.
"These measures aim to strike a balance between various demands such as environmental protection, local poverty relief, mountaineering and education," said Wang Shen, county chief of Dingri at the mountain foot.
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined words "went viral" in Paragraph 2
A.Spread wild. B.Blocked out. C.Gave away. D.Shot up.
2.What can we learn according to Kelsang's words about the national nature reserve
A.Most tourists are allowed to visit the base camp.
B.The climbing permit is a must for visitors going to the base camp.
C.The mountaineering activities are not allowed these days.
D.The areas above 5,200 meters are open to everyone.
3.Why did the government carry out clean-ups at an altitude of 5,200 meters and above
A.To provide a much easier path for mountaineers.
B.To keep mountaineering activities going smoothly.
C.To remove the remains of mountaineering victims.
D.To protect the environment of Mount Qomolangma.
4.How many people are involved in the cleaning up activities at present
A.300. B.1,000. C.85. D.1,085.
D
Traveling is a very good activity. When you are fed up with your work and are allowed to take a holiday, you can go to the beautiful spots to enjoy the beauty of nature and the special character of other cities. You can breathe fresh air, visit some places of interest, meet different people and make friends with them. Then you will forget your tiredness and troubles and be more healthy. As a result, you will feel fully relaxed and you will have the energy to undertake the new tasks waiting for you.
But sometimes, traveling is not an enjoyable thing. For example, when the bus or car you take has a bad accident, you may be trapped in it and waste your time. What's more, the weather can be changeable. If you are climbing a mountain, it may rain suddenly. You may be caught in the rain and may catch a cold. The worst thing is that you may have your money stolen or that you may have an injury. All these are terrible things that can happen to a tourist.
Therefore, before going on a trip, you must prepare yourself carefully. Firstly, you must have clear information about the weather. Secondly, you should choose a good companion so that you can help each other. Thirdly, you must be careful everywhere and try to avoid accidents. If you do these, you can enjoy your travels better and reduce unnecessary troubles.
1.In the passage, the author suggests that you should ________ for a holiday.
A.enjoy nature B.go to different cities C.go nowhere D.both A and B
2.In the first paragraph, the underlined phrase "are fed up with" means _______.
A.finish doing B.can't do C.are tired of D.are interested in
3.What is NOT mentioned in the passage
A.You may meet with unexpected troubles on a trip.
B.You may get your money stolen.
C.You will have to spend a lot of money on a bus or in a car.
D.It's necessary for you to know about the weather before you travel.
4.In order to have a good holiday, you should ________.
A.be careful enough B.have a holiday with a good friend
C.take an umbrella with you D.be well prepared for your trip
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. ①___________
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. ②___________ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. ③___________ Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
④___________ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
⑤___________ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Sometime last year, Michael Blonder began giving out reusable fabric bags (布袋) with each purchase instead of disposable plastic bags at A. L. Goodies General Store, the souvenir shop he 1 on Main Street.
The move, Blonder said, was in anticipation of(预期某事的发生) a ban on plastic bags, 2 the city has not made an effort to do so in more than a decade.
Eight states around the country have already 3 them. And in neighboring Montgomery County and Washington, D. C., fees have been levied(征收) to 4 consumers away from using the single-use plastic bags that can 5 their way into nearby waterways, 6 storm drains and getting stuck in tree branches.
On Monday, Annapolis Alderman Rob Savidge introduced a 7 that would prevent any 8 in the city—who owns grocers, convenience stores and others—from 9 plastic bags at the point of sale. The Annapolis bill also 10 a 20-cent fee for each paper bag that's issued only for 11 businesses — those with a footprint of 20,000 square feet or more.
Savidge hopes the bill will cut off the public's 12 on plastic bags and help clean up pollution. But a city bill does not become a 13 until more procedures are done.
A ban is a (n) 14 part of environmental protection, said Rick Kissel, the former vice-chair of the Anne Arundel County Sierra Club. He recommended a delay in placing the ban so customers could 15 .
1.A. builds B. enters C. visits D. runs
2.A. though B. until C. unless D. after
3.A. sold B. banned C. reduced D. produced
4.A. introduce B. announce C. interview D. direct
5.A. lose B. find C. fight D. wind
6.A. making up B. building up C. blocking up D. showing up
7.A. bill B. note C. letter D. measure
8.A. teachers B. officers C. doctors D. shopkeepers
9.A. providing B. producing C. recycling D. employing
10.A. looks for B. calls for C. makes for D. hopes for
11.A. cleaner B. private C. public D. larger
12.A. promise B. dependence C. opinion D. income
13.A. notice B. law C. information D. rule
14.A. meaningless B. impossible C. essential D. immediate
15.A. refuse B. learn C. adjust D. understand
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China's first artificial intelligence (AI) textbook for high school students ①_________(bring) out in 2018, following a plan by central government ②_________ (include) AI courses in primary and secondary school.
The nine-chapter textbook, ③_________ (name) "Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence", was written by outstanding ④_________ (scholar) from well-known schools nationwide, under the joint efforts by the research center for MOOC at East China Normal University and the AI startup SenseTime. It includes the history of AI and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
"The textbook focuses not only on the basics of AI, but on the ⑤_________ (practice) use of AI in daily life," said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, ⑥_________ is also a contributor to the book.
Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country ⑦_________ (undertake) the task of being the first group of AI high education pilot program ⑧_________ introducing the textbook in the curriculum. "The AI sector is facing a talent shortage ⑨_________ (global). The publication of the book is ⑩_________ breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of the 'ivory tower' and makes it part of high school learning," said Lin Dahua, a professor at The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假如你是李华,你的外国朋友Tony想要和家人来中国旅行,感受中国文化。现有两条路线可以选择:“长江之行”或者“首都之旅”。Tony来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信,内容包括:
1. 你建议的路线;
2. 你的理由;
3. 你的祝愿。
注意:
1.词数不少于80;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Tony,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I first played ping-pong in our basement (地下室)at home. My brother and I asked for an old wooden table from my grandfather. It was painted green. Although it was very simple, it served its purpose every day. My father never really played any other sports with me, but ping-pong was one that he played quite well and it took me plenty of time before I could beat him. My elder brother was also a very good competitor.
When I got to university, I was happy to discover a ping-pong table in the common room. I spent a great deal of time there, often until the midnight. There were about three or four friends that I often played against. We were all at the same skill level. One of them had ever played in a tournament (锦标赛). A friend from Germany said his father had ever won the German National Tournament. We took part in a tournament. My ranking (名次) was the third place, but I had beaten the first and second place winners when we had played for fun. I sometimes played with other friends who didn't play ping-pong well, so I would use my left hand to give them an advantage. But before long I became so skilled with my left hand that they no longer had the advantage.
Later, I played in a ping-pong competition which was held by my university. I lost at first. But because it was double elimination(双淘汰制), I went to the loser group. I beat all the players and then played against the student who had beaten me in the first round. Surprisingly, I beat him 3 times and won the competition.
Paragraph 1 :
Later, there was a tournament held in the city where I studied.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After the tournament I didn't often play the sport because of the busy study._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.BDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据History部分第二段最后一句Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.可知,马德里的皇官有50个房间可供游客参观,故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据Shopping部分最后一句But for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as the Rastro where they can find everything from antiques to CDs.可知,the Rastro是卖包括从古董到光盘各种各样商品的市场。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据Entertainment部分第一句No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain's famous art form, flamenco.可知,去马德里旅行时,如果不去观看弗拉门科舞,那么旅行就是不完整的。因此,弗拉门科舞是在马德里旅行时必须要观看的。故选C项。
B
答案：1-4.CBBA
解析：1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段前三句可知,人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便,便于做生意。而纽约就靠近哈得孙河口附近的一个大港口,故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它便利的地理位置,故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.可知,在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4,000人变富有,所以是五分之一的人变富了,故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come可知,人们离开道森的主要原因是听说在阿拉斯加发现了黄金,也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因,引出道森这座城市的兴起,第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因,第三段介绍了人们离开该城市的原因及该城市的现状,所以全文主要介绍了道森这座城市的发展起伏。故选A项。
C
答案：1-4.ABDD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据画线后...caused a universal misunderstanding可知,一篇声称珠穆朗玛峰景区因污染严重而永久关闭的报道在网上疯传,引起了普遍的误解,故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段...ordinary tourists were allowed to visit areas around Rongpo Monastery, almost 5,000 meters above sea level. As for travelers who have a climbing permit, they can go to the base camp at an altitude of 5,200 meters. The mountaineering activities have been permitted by the regional forestry department.可知普通游客可以参观海拔5,000米的Rongpo Monastery周边地区,对于有登山许可证的游客,可参观海拔5,200米的大本营,登山活动已得到林业部门的批准,故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中To conserve the environment surrounding Mount Qomolangma, China carried out three major clean-ups at an altitude of 5,200 meters and above last spring...可知为了保护珠穆朗玛峰周边的环境,去年春天,中国在海拔5,200及以上的地方进行了三次大清理,故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中there are 85 wildlife protectors in the reserve, and 1,000 herders have part-time jobs going around and cleaning up garbage可知保护区里有85名野生动物保护者,有1,000名牧民做清理垃圾的兼职工作,共有1,085个人参与清理工作,故选D。
D
答案：1-4 DCCD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句When you are fed up with your work and are allowed to take a holiday, you can go to the beautiful spots to enjoy the beauty of nature and the special character of other cities.可知,作者建议去享受自然之美或者去欣赏其他城市的特色。
2.词义猜测题。根据下文Then you will forget your tiredness...waiting for you.可知经过旅行后你会忘记疲倦和困扰,完全放松后充满能量去承担新的任务。因此推断画线部分意为“厌倦”。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,旅途中可能遇到一些出人意料的麻烦,故A项被提到;根据第二段倒数第二句可知,旅行中你的钱可能被偷,故B项被提到;根据最后一段第二句可知,旅行前你必须清楚地了解天气信息,故D项被提到;只有C项文章中没有提到。
4.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Therefore, before going on a trip, you must prepare yourself carefully.可知,在旅行之前,你必须好好准备。
第二节
答案：①-⑤DCAFE
解析：①过渡句。上文指出,三年前,我不相信自己会用大部分周末去野营,参加野营的人会经历种种困难,我和他们不是一类人。下文讲到了自己迷恋上野营的过程,故此处有引起下文的作用。D项符合语境,与前面的内容有转折关系。句意:但是,从那时起我注定会学到很多关于野营的东西。
②过渡句。空后主要介绍了首次野营中遇到的困难与艰苦,故C项符合本段内容。rough(令人不快的;艰难的)是关键词。
③细节句。由空后的内容及前面的another可知,A项可将前后句有效衔接起来。
④过渡句。本句位于段首,起到了承上启下的作用。上段提到了第二次较为舒适的野营,下文指出自此之后进行了多次野营,且装备更加完善。F项意为“这次行程之后,我们一家人对野营产生了浓厚的兴趣。”,下文中的We指代my family,该句有效地连接了上下文。
⑤总结句。本句位于最后一段,起到了总结全文的作用,且与文章开头提到的三年前不喜欢野营相呼应。E项符合语境,意为“我不得不说我绝对已经喜欢上了野营。”
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.DABDB; 6-10.CADAB; 11-15.DBBCC
解析：1.由空前的"giving out reusable fabric bags(布袋) with each purchase"可知,Michael Blonder是纪念品店的店主,故run"经营",符合文意。
2.联系上下文可知,此处表示尽管该城市十多年来都还没有试图这样做。空处前后存在意思上的让步,故用though引导让步状语从句。
3.由下文中的"fees have been levied(征收)"可知,全国有8个州实施了禁令。" 3 them"对应上文中的"a ban on plastic bags",故选B。
4.联系上下文可知,此处表示征收费用的目的是引导消费者不使用一次性塑料袋。故选direct。
5.此处表示一次性塑料袋会进入附近的航道。find one's way to/into"进入,到达"。
6.联系上下文并结合常识可知,一次性塑料袋会堵塞雨水道。block up"塞住,封住(孔、洞)",符合文意。
7.由下文中的"The Annapolis bill"可知,所缺的词是bill,意为"法案,议案"。
8.由破折号后面的内容"who owns grocers, convenience stores and others"可知,此处指的是店主(shopkeeper)。
9.联系上下文可知,此处指该法案阻止他们提供(providing)塑料袋。故选A。
10.联系上下文可知,此处表示安纳波利斯法案也要求每个纸袋征收20美分。call for"(公开)要求",符合文意。
11.根据下文中的"those with a footprint of 20,000 square feet or more"可知,此处指规模较大的公司,故选D。
12.联系上下文可知,此处表示Savidge希望这个法案能够中断公众对塑料袋的依赖(dependence)。故选B。
13.联系上下文可知,此处讲述议案要经过一系列程序才能成为法律,故选law。
14.联系上下文可知,一项禁令是环境保护必不可少的一部分。essential"极其重要的,必不可少的",符合文意。
15.由上文中的"recommended a delay in placing the ban"可推知,他建议推迟实施这一禁令的目的是让消费者可以适应(adjust)。故选C。
第二节
答案：was brought; to include; named; scholars; practical; who; have undertaken; by; globally; a
解析：①考查时态、语态和主谓一致。bring sth. out意为"生产……,出版……",此处表示书被出版,为被动语态,又时间状语为in 2018,因此应该使用一般过去时的被动语态形式,又主语"China's first artificial intelligence(AI) textbook"为单数,故填was brought。
②考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,此处为不定式作定语,修饰名词plan。
③考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为分词短语作定语,修饰The nine-chapter textbook,又name与The nine-chapter textbook为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用其过去分词形式named。
④考查名词的单复数。scholar"学者"为可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,应用其复数形式。
⑤考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处应为形容词,修饰名词use。
⑥考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词指人,故填who。
⑦考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处应为句子的谓语,由该句中的Up till now可判断此处应该为现在完成时;又主语为复数形式,故可知答案。
⑧考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表示"通过",表方式,故用by。
⑨考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处作状语,应为副词。
⑩考查冠词。breakthrough为可数名词,根据语境可知,此处表示"这本书的出版是一次突破",表泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,又breakthrough的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
第三节
答案：
Dear Tony,
I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're coming to China.
Both the two trips to the Yangtze River and our capital Beijing are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, with many well-known sightseeing spots, the scenery along the river is amazing and is bound to take your breath away. That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
Hope you'll have a good time in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Later, there was a tournament held in the city where I studied. It was a tournament for university students. Players came from all the northern universities. I felt very proud because I took part in it for my university. I believed that I could play pretty well and get a good ranking in the tournament. However, I felt very nervous, because I played against a student who had won many times. I played very hard and tried my best. Although I lost the tournament, it was a good practice.
Paragraph 2:
After the tournament I didn't often play the sport because of the busy study. But I played ping-pong with my friends when I was free. I thought it was a great deal of fun to play ping-pong with friends. It was also a good way to make our friendship closer and keep us healthier. We sometimes took part in a competition together, but we didn't care about winning or not. We all knew that a win was not everything. We just enjoyed playing together and had a wonderful time.
2
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Look at the map of Spain and point at the center. You've located the country's capital and one of Europe's most beautiful cities: Madrid. This popular destination is considered a city of contrasts with its abundant historic sites, resting in the shadows of modem skyscrapers.
History
This city of over 3 million people is proud of Western Europe's largest royal palace, and some consider it to be Madrid's most beautiful building.
Inside the Royal Palace 2,800 rooms are decorated in glory with museum-quality furniture and artworks. Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.
Art
The internationally respected Prado Museum is the largest and most impressive art gallery in Spain. Opened in 1819, it is filled with works of art that feature the world's most comprehensive collection of Spanish paintings.
Shopping
Madrid has some of Europe's best shopping malls, and potential buyers love to look through the stores looking for bargains. But for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as the Rastro where they can find everything from antiques to CDs.
Entertainment
No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain's famous art form, flamenco. Every day, flamenco performers sing, dance or play the guitar in small cafes and grand theaters alike.
Food
Madrid has a wide variety of restaurants, but because the Spanish typically eat late at about 9 or 10 p.m., it's difficult to find good dinner food earlier. If you get hungry before then, the best solution is to try a tapas bar where light snacks are served. Be sure to try the jamon, a kind of dry-cured ham: Spain is famous for it.
1.What do we know about the Royal Palace in Madrid
A.It can hold 2,800 people. B.It has 50 rooms for visit.
C.It's been visited by 3 million people. D.It is thought to be the largest in Europe.
2.What kind of market is "the Rastro"
A.For discount. B.For artworks.
C.To sell antiques and CDs. D.To sell various goods.
3.What is a must when traveling in Madrid
A.Having dinner earlier.
B.Visiting the Prado Museum.
C.Enjoying flamenco.
D.Drinking in a tapas bar
B
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.
1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City
A.Its business culture. B.Its small population.
C.Its geographical position. D.Its favourable climate.
2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson
A.Two-thirds of them stayed there. B.One out of five people got rich.
C.Almost everyone gave up. D.Half of them died.
3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson
A.They found the city too crowded. B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C.They were unable to stand the winter. D.They were short of food.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The rise and fall of a city. B.The gold rush in Canada.
C.Journeys into the wilderness. D.Tourism in Dawson.
C
Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve was set up in 1988. Covering an area of more than 33,819 square kilometers, it is home to one of the world's weakest ecosystems.
Kelsang, the deputy director of the Reserve Administration, said ordinary tourists were allowed to visit areas around Rongpo Monastery, almost 5,000 meters above sea level. As for travelers who have a climbing permit, they can go to the base camp at an altitude of 5,200 meters. The mountaineering activities have been permitted by the regional forestry department.
To conserve the environment surrounding Mount Qomolangma, China carried out three major clean-ups at an altitude of 5,200 meters and above last spring, collecting eight tons of household wastes, human wastes and mountaineering trash. This year, the clean-up will continue, and the remains of mountaineering victims above 8,000 meters will be centrally dealt with for the first time. Meanwhile, the number of people who stay at the base camp will be kept under 300.
Recently, there are 85 wildlife protectors in the reserve, and 1,000 herders have part-time jobs going around and cleaning up garbage.
"These measures aim to strike a balance between various demands such as environmental protection, local poverty relief, mountaineering and education," said Wang Shen, county chief of Dingri at the mountain foot.
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined words "went viral" in Paragraph 2
A.Spread wild. B.Blocked out. C.Gave away. D.Shot up.
2.What can we learn according to Kelsang's words about the national nature reserve
A.Most tourists are allowed to visit the base camp.
B.The climbing permit is a must for visitors going to the base camp.
C.The mountaineering activities are not allowed these days.
D.The areas above 5,200 meters are open to everyone.
3.Why did the government carry out clean-ups at an altitude of 5,200 meters and above
A.To provide a much easier path for mountaineers.
B.To keep mountaineering activities going smoothly.
C.To remove the remains of mountaineering victims.
D.To protect the environment of Mount Qomolangma.
4.How many people are involved in the cleaning up activities at present
A.300. B.1,000. C.85. D.1,085.
D
Traveling is a very good activity. When you are fed up with your work and are allowed to take a holiday, you can go to the beautiful spots to enjoy the beauty of nature and the special character of other cities. You can breathe fresh air, visit some places of interest, meet different people and make friends with them. Then you will forget your tiredness and troubles and be more healthy. As a result, you will feel fully relaxed and you will have the energy to undertake the new tasks waiting for you.
But sometimes, traveling is not an enjoyable thing. For example, when the bus or car you take has a bad accident, you may be trapped in it and waste your time. What's more, the weather can be changeable. If you are climbing a mountain, it may rain suddenly. You may be caught in the rain and may catch a cold. The worst thing is that you may have your money stolen or that you may have an injury. All these are terrible things that can happen to a tourist.
Therefore, before going on a trip, you must prepare yourself carefully. Firstly, you must have clear information about the weather. Secondly, you should choose a good companion so that you can help each other. Thirdly, you must be careful everywhere and try to avoid accidents. If you do these, you can enjoy your travels better and reduce unnecessary troubles.
1.In the passage, the author suggests that you should ________ for a holiday.
A.enjoy nature B.go to different cities C.go nowhere D.both A and B
2.In the first paragraph, the underlined phrase "are fed up with" means _______.
A.finish doing B.can't do C.are tired of D.are interested in
3.What is NOT mentioned in the passage
A.You may meet with unexpected troubles on a trip.
B.You may get your money stolen.
C.You will have to spend a lot of money on a bus or in a car.
D.It's necessary for you to know about the weather before you travel.
4.In order to have a good holiday, you should ________.
A.be careful enough B.have a holiday with a good friend
C.take an umbrella with you D.be well prepared for your trip
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. ①___________
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. ②___________ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. ③___________ Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
④___________ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
⑤___________ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Sometime last year, Michael Blonder began giving out reusable fabric bags (布袋) with each purchase instead of disposable plastic bags at A. L. Goodies General Store, the souvenir shop he 1 on Main Street.
The move, Blonder said, was in anticipation of(预期某事的发生) a ban on plastic bags, 2 the city has not made an effort to do so in more than a decade.
Eight states around the country have already 3 them. And in neighboring Montgomery County and Washington, D. C., fees have been levied(征收) to 4 consumers away from using the single-use plastic bags that can 5 their way into nearby waterways, 6 storm drains and getting stuck in tree branches.
On Monday, Annapolis Alderman Rob Savidge introduced a 7 that would prevent any 8 in the city—who owns grocers, convenience stores and others—from 9 plastic bags at the point of sale. The Annapolis bill also 10 a 20-cent fee for each paper bag that's issued only for 11 businesses — those with a footprint of 20,000 square feet or more.
Savidge hopes the bill will cut off the public's 12 on plastic bags and help clean up pollution. But a city bill does not become a 13 until more procedures are done.
A ban is a (n) 14 part of environmental protection, said Rick Kissel, the former vice-chair of the Anne Arundel County Sierra Club. He recommended a delay in placing the ban so customers could 15 .
1.A. builds B. enters C. visits D. runs
2.A. though B. until C. unless D. after
3.A. sold B. banned C. reduced D. produced
4.A. introduce B. announce C. interview D. direct
5.A. lose B. find C. fight D. wind
6.A. making up B. building up C. blocking up D. showing up
7.A. bill B. note C. letter D. measure
8.A. teachers B. officers C. doctors D. shopkeepers
9.A. providing B. producing C. recycling D. employing
10.A. looks for B. calls for C. makes for D. hopes for
11.A. cleaner B. private C. public D. larger
12.A. promise B. dependence C. opinion D. income
13.A. notice B. law C. information D. rule
14.A. meaningless B. impossible C. essential D. immediate
15.A. refuse B. learn C. adjust D. understand
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China's first artificial intelligence (AI) textbook for high school students ①_________(bring) out in 2018, following a plan by central government ②_________ (include) AI courses in primary and secondary school.
The nine-chapter textbook, ③_________ (name) "Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence", was written by outstanding ④_________ (scholar) from well-known schools nationwide, under the joint efforts by the research center for MOOC at East China Normal University and the AI startup SenseTime. It includes the history of AI and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
"The textbook focuses not only on the basics of AI, but on the ⑤_________ (practice) use of AI in daily life," said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, ⑥_________ is also a contributor to the book.
Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country ⑦_________ (undertake) the task of being the first group of AI high education pilot program ⑧_________ introducing the textbook in the curriculum. "The AI sector is facing a talent shortage ⑨_________ (global). The publication of the book is ⑩_________ breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of the 'ivory tower' and makes it part of high school learning," said Lin Dahua, a professor at The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假如你是李华,你的外国朋友Tony想要和家人来中国旅行,感受中国文化。现有两条路线可以选择:“长江之行”或者“首都之旅”。Tony来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信,内容包括:
1. 你建议的路线;
2. 你的理由;
3. 你的祝愿。
注意:
1.词数不少于80;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Tony,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I first played ping-pong in our basement (地下室)at home. My brother and I asked for an old wooden table from my grandfather. It was painted green. Although it was very simple, it served its purpose every day. My father never really played any other sports with me, but ping-pong was one that he played quite well and it took me plenty of time before I could beat him. My elder brother was also a very good competitor.
When I got to university, I was happy to discover a ping-pong table in the common room. I spent a great deal of time there, often until the midnight. There were about three or four friends that I often played against. We were all at the same skill level. One of them had ever played in a tournament (锦标赛). A friend from Germany said his father had ever won the German National Tournament. We took part in a tournament. My ranking (名次) was the third place, but I had beaten the first and second place winners when we had played for fun. I sometimes played with other friends who didn't play ping-pong well, so I would use my left hand to give them an advantage. But before long I became so skilled with my left hand that they no longer had the advantage.
Later, I played in a ping-pong competition which was held by my university. I lost at first. But because it was double elimination(双淘汰制), I went to the loser group. I beat all the players and then played against the student who had beaten me in the first round. Surprisingly, I beat him 3 times and won the competition.
Paragraph 1 :
Later, there was a tournament held in the city where I studied.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After the tournament I didn't often play the sport because of the busy study._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.BDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据History部分第二段最后一句Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.可知,马德里的皇官有50个房间可供游客参观,故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据Shopping部分最后一句But for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as the Rastro where they can find everything from antiques to CDs.可知,the Rastro是卖包括从古董到光盘各种各样商品的市场。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据Entertainment部分第一句No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain's famous art form, flamenco.可知,去马德里旅行时,如果不去观看弗拉门科舞,那么旅行就是不完整的。因此,弗拉门科舞是在马德里旅行时必须要观看的。故选C项。
B
答案：1-4.CBBA
解析：1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段前三句可知,人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便,便于做生意。而纽约就靠近哈得孙河口附近的一个大港口,故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它便利的地理位置,故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.可知,在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4,000人变富有,所以是五分之一的人变富了,故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come可知,人们离开道森的主要原因是听说在阿拉斯加发现了黄金,也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因,引出道森这座城市的兴起,第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因,第三段介绍了人们离开该城市的原因及该城市的现状,所以全文主要介绍了道森这座城市的发展起伏。故选A项。
C
答案：1-4.ABDD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据画线后...caused a universal misunderstanding可知,一篇声称珠穆朗玛峰景区因污染严重而永久关闭的报道在网上疯传,引起了普遍的误解,故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段...ordinary tourists were allowed to visit areas around Rongpo Monastery, almost 5,000 meters above sea level. As for travelers who have a climbing permit, they can go to the base camp at an altitude of 5,200 meters. The mountaineering activities have been permitted by the regional forestry department.可知普通游客可以参观海拔5,000米的Rongpo Monastery周边地区,对于有登山许可证的游客,可参观海拔5,200米的大本营,登山活动已得到林业部门的批准,故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中To conserve the environment surrounding Mount Qomolangma, China carried out three major clean-ups at an altitude of 5,200 meters and above last spring...可知为了保护珠穆朗玛峰周边的环境,去年春天,中国在海拔5,200及以上的地方进行了三次大清理,故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中there are 85 wildlife protectors in the reserve, and 1,000 herders have part-time jobs going around and cleaning up garbage可知保护区里有85名野生动物保护者,有1,000名牧民做清理垃圾的兼职工作,共有1,085个人参与清理工作,故选D。
D
答案：1-4 DCCD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句When you are fed up with your work and are allowed to take a holiday, you can go to the beautiful spots to enjoy the beauty of nature and the special character of other cities.可知,作者建议去享受自然之美或者去欣赏其他城市的特色。
2.词义猜测题。根据下文Then you will forget your tiredness...waiting for you.可知经过旅行后你会忘记疲倦和困扰,完全放松后充满能量去承担新的任务。因此推断画线部分意为“厌倦”。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,旅途中可能遇到一些出人意料的麻烦,故A项被提到;根据第二段倒数第二句可知,旅行中你的钱可能被偷,故B项被提到;根据最后一段第二句可知,旅行前你必须清楚地了解天气信息,故D项被提到;只有C项文章中没有提到。
4.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Therefore, before going on a trip, you must prepare yourself carefully.可知,在旅行之前,你必须好好准备。
第二节
答案：①-⑤DCAFE
解析：①过渡句。上文指出,三年前,我不相信自己会用大部分周末去野营,参加野营的人会经历种种困难,我和他们不是一类人。下文讲到了自己迷恋上野营的过程,故此处有引起下文的作用。D项符合语境,与前面的内容有转折关系。句意:但是,从那时起我注定会学到很多关于野营的东西。
②过渡句。空后主要介绍了首次野营中遇到的困难与艰苦,故C项符合本段内容。rough(令人不快的;艰难的)是关键词。
③细节句。由空后的内容及前面的another可知,A项可将前后句有效衔接起来。
④过渡句。本句位于段首,起到了承上启下的作用。上段提到了第二次较为舒适的野营,下文指出自此之后进行了多次野营,且装备更加完善。F项意为“这次行程之后,我们一家人对野营产生了浓厚的兴趣。”,下文中的We指代my family,该句有效地连接了上下文。
⑤总结句。本句位于最后一段,起到了总结全文的作用,且与文章开头提到的三年前不喜欢野营相呼应。E项符合语境,意为“我不得不说我绝对已经喜欢上了野营。”
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.DABDB; 6-10.CADAB; 11-15.DBBCC
解析：1.由空前的"giving out reusable fabric bags(布袋) with each purchase"可知,Michael Blonder是纪念品店的店主,故run"经营",符合文意。
2.联系上下文可知,此处表示尽管该城市十多年来都还没有试图这样做。空处前后存在意思上的让步,故用though引导让步状语从句。
3.由下文中的"fees have been levied(征收)"可知,全国有8个州实施了禁令。" 3 them"对应上文中的"a ban on plastic bags",故选B。
4.联系上下文可知,此处表示征收费用的目的是引导消费者不使用一次性塑料袋。故选direct。
5.此处表示一次性塑料袋会进入附近的航道。find one's way to/into"进入,到达"。
6.联系上下文并结合常识可知,一次性塑料袋会堵塞雨水道。block up"塞住,封住(孔、洞)",符合文意。
7.由下文中的"The Annapolis bill"可知,所缺的词是bill,意为"法案,议案"。
8.由破折号后面的内容"who owns grocers, convenience stores and others"可知,此处指的是店主(shopkeeper)。
9.联系上下文可知,此处指该法案阻止他们提供(providing)塑料袋。故选A。
10.联系上下文可知,此处表示安纳波利斯法案也要求每个纸袋征收20美分。call for"(公开)要求",符合文意。
11.根据下文中的"those with a footprint of 20,000 square feet or more"可知,此处指规模较大的公司,故选D。
12.联系上下文可知,此处表示Savidge希望这个法案能够中断公众对塑料袋的依赖(dependence)。故选B。
13.联系上下文可知,此处讲述议案要经过一系列程序才能成为法律,故选law。
14.联系上下文可知,一项禁令是环境保护必不可少的一部分。essential"极其重要的,必不可少的",符合文意。
15.由上文中的"recommended a delay in placing the ban"可推知,他建议推迟实施这一禁令的目的是让消费者可以适应(adjust)。故选C。
第二节
答案：was brought; to include; named; scholars; practical; who; have undertaken; by; globally; a
解析：①考查时态、语态和主谓一致。bring sth. out意为"生产……,出版……",此处表示书被出版,为被动语态,又时间状语为in 2018,因此应该使用一般过去时的被动语态形式,又主语"China's first artificial intelligence(AI) textbook"为单数,故填was brought。
②考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,此处为不定式作定语,修饰名词plan。
③考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为分词短语作定语,修饰The nine-chapter textbook,又name与The nine-chapter textbook为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用其过去分词形式named。
④考查名词的单复数。scholar"学者"为可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,应用其复数形式。
⑤考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处应为形容词,修饰名词use。
⑥考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词指人,故填who。
⑦考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处应为句子的谓语,由该句中的Up till now可判断此处应该为现在完成时;又主语为复数形式,故可知答案。
⑧考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表示"通过",表方式,故用by。
⑨考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处作状语,应为副词。
⑩考查冠词。breakthrough为可数名词,根据语境可知,此处表示"这本书的出版是一次突破",表泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,又breakthrough的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
第三节
答案：
Dear Tony,
I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're coming to China.
Both the two trips to the Yangtze River and our capital Beijing are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, with many well-known sightseeing spots, the scenery along the river is amazing and is bound to take your breath away. That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
Hope you'll have a good time in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Later, there was a tournament held in the city where I studied. It was a tournament for university students. Players came from all the northern universities. I felt very proud because I took part in it for my university. I believed that I could play pretty well and get a good ranking in the tournament. However, I felt very nervous, because I played against a student who had won many times. I played very hard and tried my best. Although I lost the tournament, it was a good practice.
Paragraph 2:
After the tournament I didn't often play the sport because of the busy study. But I played ping-pong with my friends when I was free. I thought it was a great deal of fun to play ping-pong with friends. It was also a good way to make our friendship closer and keep us healthier. We sometimes took part in a competition together, but we didn't care about winning or not. We all knew that a win was not everything. We just enjoyed playing together and had a wonderful time.
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