Unit4 topic2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake?单元知识梳理+话题过关检测（带答案详解）

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Unit4 topic2 单元知识梳理+话题过关检测（带答案详解）
Unit4 topic2 单元知识梳理
一、重点短语。
重点短语。
fall （fell） down 倒塌
be missing 失踪
another two terrible earthquakes 另外两个可怕的地震
more than 多于
lose one’s life (lives) 失去生命
protect … from sth/doing 保护…免受
ask sb for help 向…寻求帮助
how terrible 多可怕
hear about = hear of 听说
two thousand people 两千人
lose one’s home 失去某人的家园
run out of 跑出
the most important thing 最重要的事情
stay calm = keep calm 保持冷静
talk about 谈论
anything else 别的，其他事情
be hurt 受伤
some ways to do sth 做某事的一些方式
help to do sth 帮助做某事
keep you safe 保证你安全
stay under the table 躲在桌子下面
close to 靠近 / 接近 （介词短语）
stay/get away from … 远离
be careful of … 小心
be over 结束
fallen power lines 掉 落 的 电 线
check over= look over 仔细检查
take the lift 乘电梯
call sb for help 给某人打电话求助
turn off 关闭
five million 五百万
with the help of … 在……的帮助下
the whole nation 全国
rebuild their home 重建他们的家园
return to normal life 恢复正常的生活
二、重点知识
earthquake [ θ kweik ] n.地震
a terrible earthquake 可怕的地震
strike [straik ] v.侵袭，爆发；撞击 过去式：struck 过去分词：struck
e.g. The stone struck him on the back. 那 块 石 头 砸 在 他 背 上 。
The snowstorm struck the city. 暴 风 雪 袭 击 了 这 座 城 市 。
missing [mising ] adj.失踪的，找不到的
e.g. Tom is missing. His parents are very worried.
【技巧总结】
be lost = be missing 丢失，失踪
e.g. My purse is lost. 我的钱包失踪了。
rainstorm [reinst :m ] n.暴风雨
snowstorm [sn ust :m ] n.雪暴，暴风雪
sandstorm n. 沙尘暴
level n.级别，程度，水平
e.g. The level of the Yushu earthquake was 6.1. 玉树地震是6.1级。
6. calm [ka:m] adj.镇静的，沉着的
stay calm = keep calm 保持冷静
e.g. The most important thing is to stay calm. 最重要的事是保持平静。
7. sad [s d] adj. 难过的；(使人)悲伤的; sadness n.悲伤
feel sad 感到悲伤
downstairs adv. 往楼下，去楼下； 反upstairs
go downstairs 下楼；go upstairs 上楼
middle [ midl] n.中间，中央，中心
in the middle of ......., 在......中间
e.g. in the middle of the room 在房屋中央。
doorway [d : wei] n. 出入口，门道，小走廊
in a doorway 在门道口
power ['pa (r)] n. 能量；力量；力
fallen power lines 掉落的电线
shake [ eik ] v.摇动；动摇；震动;
shake sb’s hands与某人握手
shock [ k ] n.休克；震惊；打击；
aftershock 余震, 可数名词
gas [g s] n.气体燃料，气体
turn off the gas 关闭燃气
million [ m lj n] 百万；n.百万个(人或物)
five million people 五百万人； millions of 上百万的.......
nation ['ne n] n.民族，国家
the whole nation 全国
rebuild ['ri:bild] n.重建，重盖
rebuild one’s home 重建家园
normal ['n : ml] adj. 正常的，一般的
live in a normal life 过正常生活
injured [ind d] adj.受伤的，有伤的
be injured 受伤
e.g. Many people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday. 许多人在昨天的交通事故中受伤了。
20.send [send] 派遣,打发,寄
send for 派人去请(取); send up 发射; send sb. off 给某人送行; send a message 捎口信
21.fall down 倒塌，跌倒
e.g. I fell down and hurt my knee. 我摔倒弄伤了膝盖。
22.lose one’s life 失去生命
e.g. His father lost his life in an accident. 他的父亲在一起事故中失去了生命。
【技巧总结】
lose one’s home “失去某人的家”
lose one’s way 迷路
23.protect sb. from sth. 保 护 某 人 免 受 某 物 的 伤 害 。也 可 以 表 达 为 ：protect sb. against sth.
e.g. They ran into the room to protect themselves from/ against the wind. 他 们 跑 进 屋 里 ， 免 受 风 吹 。
【技巧总结】
keep sb. from doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”，此处from不可省略。
prevent/ stop sb. (from) doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”，此处from可省略。
24. ask sb. for help 向某人求助
e.g. We can ask the police for help when we are in danger. 当我们处于危险时，可以向警察求助。
25. hear about = hear of 听说
e.g. I heard about the good news not long ago. 我前不久，刚听说这个好消息.
【技巧总结】
hear from 收到……的来信
e.g.I heard from my friend yesterday.
26.run out of 从……跑出；用完，耗尽
e.g. I think we should run out of the door. 我 认 为 我 们 应 该 跑 出 门 。
out of（从 …… 里）出 来 ； 没 有 ， 缺 少 。
e.g. Don't put your hand out of the window when you take a bus. 坐公交车时，不要把手伸窗外。
We are out of water. 我 们 没 有 水 了 。
【技巧总结】
run away 走开，跑掉，逃跑
run after 追赶某人
27.anything else “别的东西/事情”; else adj. 别的，其它的
形容词修饰不定代词anything, something, nothing, 形容词要放在不定代词之后。
e.g. Nothing else happened. 没有其他的事发生。
I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要事情要告诉你。
There is nothing new in today’s newspaper. 今天的报纸没有什么新消息。
28.stay away from sb./sth.=get away from sb./sth. 远离，离开某人/物
e.g. Get away from me,I’m so busy. 快走开，我太忙了。
29.keep you safe 保证你安全
keep sb. / sth. + adj. 保持 / 护某人 / 物 …
e.g. keep our classroom clean 保持教室清洁
keep us healthy 保持健康
30.close to 靠近 / 接近 （介词短语）
e.g. You can sit close to the fire and you will feel warmer.
31.be over 结束
e.g. Class is over, let’s have a rest. 课上完了，让我们休息吧。
【技巧总结】
over again 重新, 从头开始
e.g. If anything goes wrong, we’ll have to start over again. 要是出了错，我们就得从头再来。
32.turn off 意为“关掉（煤气、电器开关等）”, 其反义词为turn on 打开
e.g. turn off the gas and lights. 关掉灯和燃气。
【技巧总结】
turn up 意为“调大（音量）”， 其反义词为turn down调小
33.five million 五百万
【技巧总结】
基数词修饰million, hundred, thousand时，只能用单数形式（表示确数）。
two hundred 二百
当hundred, thousand, million 与of连用时，一定要用复数（表示概数）。
hundreds of 数百，数以百计; thousands of 数千，成千上万; millions of 数百万
34.with the help of sb. / sth. = with one’s help 在……的帮助下
e.g. With the help of the computer, he knows a lot of things. 在电脑的帮助下，他了解了很多东西。
三．重难点详解.
1. Some people died and many people are missing.
die 动词， 死 died dying
dead 形容词, 死去的
death 名词， 死亡
e.g. Tom’s mother was found dead in the bathroom. When his mother died, he felt very sad.
Now when he thought of her death, he can’t help crying.
【典例分析】
2. the number of buildings falling down
the number of + 可数名词复数 + 谓语动词单数, .......的数量
e.g. The number of students is about twenty. 学生人数大约是20人.
a number of + 可数名词复数 + 谓语动词复数，表示”许多……”
e.g. There are a number of students in our school. 在我们学校有许多学生。
【典例分析】
3. And I know that there were another two terrible earthquakes in China.
another + 可数名词单数, “又一，另一”
e.g. another boy/book 另一个男孩/另一本书
another + 数词 + 名词 = 数词+ more/other +名词 “又，再”
e.g. another two cakes = two more/other cakes 两个蛋糕
【典例分析】
4. It killed more than two thousand people and hurt more.
more than= over 表示”多于”
【典例分析】
5. Remember to protect your head and neck with your arms.记住用你的胳膊保护头和脖子。
remember to do sth“记住要去做某事（未做）”
e.g. Remember to lock the door. 记得去锁门。
remember doing sth 表示“记得做过某事（已做）”。
e.g. Remember locking the door. 记得锁过门了。
【技巧总结】
forget to do sth 忘记要做某事（未做）
e.g. Forget to lock the door. 忘记锁门了。
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事。（已做）
e.g. Forget locking the door. 忘记锁过门了。
【典例分析】
There will be some shocks after most earthquakes.大多数地震后还将有一些剧烈震动。
there be 的一般将来时为there will be或there is going to be。
e.g. There will be a wonderful concert this weekend.本周末将有一场精彩的音乐会。
【典例分析】
7. Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help keep you safe in the earthquake.
了解一些保护自己的方法将有助于你在地震中安然无恙。
1) knowing some ways to protect yourself 是动名词短语，在句中作主语。
e.g. Doing more exercise is good for your health. 多做运动对你的健康有好处。
2) to protect yourself 为动词不定式短语作定语，修饰ways。
e.g. There isn't enough space to live in on the island. 这个小岛上已没有足够的生存空间。
【典例分析】
8. The most important thing is to stay calm. 最重要的事情就是保持镇静。
to stay calm为动词不定式短语作表语.
e.g. In winter, the most interesting sport is to make snowmen.冬天，最有趣的活动就是堆雪人。
重点语法.
语法 --- 形容词的比较级与最高级
(1) 比较级的用法
1. 表示两者之间进行比较时，常用“A... + adj./adv.比较级 + than + B”结构
Lily's room is bigger than mine.
2. 形容词比较级可用a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather等修饰，
使原来的比较级在语意上更加明确
e.g. It is much colder today than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷多了.
Can't you stay a little longer 你不能再多待一会儿吗？
3. 表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“which/who is+adj.比较级，A or B ”表示
e.g. Who is taller, Lily or Lucy 莉莉和露西，谁更高？
4. 表示“越来越……”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级 + and + 比较级”，当形容词为多音节
或部分双音节词时，用“more and more+adj.原级”
e.g. It's getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天越来越暖和。
5. 表示“越……就越……”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构
e.g. The more, the better. 越多，越好。
(2) 最高级的用法
1. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。
adj./adv.最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围
e.g. Tom jumps the highest in our class. 在我们班里，汤姆跳得最高。
Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。
2. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“which/who is + the + 最高级，A,B or C ”结构
e.g. Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou 北京，上海，福州，哪个城市最美丽
3. 表示“最……的……之一”时，用“one of the + adj.最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式
e.g. Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最流行的歌手之一。
话题过关检测
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1．Please give us more details which can make yourself (understand).
2．The patient (病人) feels much (well) today.
3．After Linda ate an ice cream, she found herself even (thirsty).
4．Jane (shake) the bottle before she drank the orange juice.
5．Of all the subjects, which do you like （well）
6．She listened to the teacher (carefully) of all the students.
7．—What can we use computers for
— (send) e-mails.
8．The dogs can help the police find the people. (miss)
9．He watched a movie yesterday and found it hard (understand).
10．He stays (calm) even in difficult and dangerous situations.
二、单项选择
11．Of all the chairs in this room, you can sit ________ in that one.
A．more comfortable B．the most comfortable C．more comfortably D．the most comfortably
12．I often go to the library on Sunday. There are ________ books in it.
A．five millions B．millions of C．million of
13．The more you smile, the ________ you will feel.
A．happy B．sad C．happier D．worse
14．Of all the students in her class, Li Hua writes ________.
A．the most carefully B．the most careful
C．very carefully D．more carefully
15．Li Ming, you should ________ more attention to your pronunciation.
A．give B．send C．pay D．take
16．—________ did you tell him the amazing news, Larry
—By ________ an email.
A．How; sending B．How; send C．What; sending D．What; send
17．It’s ________ to take the underground to travel around the world.
A．slow B．surprised C．convenient D．sad
18．This question is ________ more difficult than that one.
A．so B．quite C．a little D．very
19．After practicing speaking English on Ekwing for a year, my English is much ________ now.
A．better B．good C．best D．well
20．If you ________ your friend a present, it means that you will give him the present for sure.
A．introduce B．promise C．send D．make
三、完形填空
“Fire is a good servant (仆人) but a bad master.” This is an old English saying. What does it mean At one time people did not 21 how to make fire. Then they learned how to make it. They also learned how to use it. They used it to keep themselves warm. They used it to drive away 22 . They also learned how to cook with it. Fire is people’s servant.
But sometimes a building 23 fire. Sometimes the building may be destroyed and people lose their homes. Sometimes people even lose their lives. Fire is not the servant then it has become the 24 .
How do fires break out What cause them There are many reasons for fires. Perhaps the electric wires (电线) in your house have become too 25 . Maybe you have smoked in bed. Maybe you have not properly turned off your gas. Sometimes your children are allowed to play with matches by careless parents. Can you think of any other causes of fires
When a fire starts, you must go to the nearest telephone and 26 the fire department for help. Fireman will arrive quickly. They know what to do. They have long ladders to 27 high windows. They first 28 the people caught in the fire and send the injured (受伤的) people to the hospital. When all the people have been saved, the firemen 29 the fire. Sometimes it is very difficult. People sometimes keep lots of things that 30 easily in their homes. This makes the fire much bigger.
21．A．know B．work C．show D．want
22．A．foreigners B．aliens C．friends D．animals
23．A．develops B．catches C．use D．loses
24．A．master B．servant C．student D．teacher
25．A．thin B．thick C．old D．new
26．A．get B．check C．remember D．ask
27．A．get B．reach C．arrive D．ask
28．A．save B．know C．see D．think
29．A．put off B．put away C．put on D．put out
30．A．burn B．use C．destroy D．break
四、阅读理解
A
Home Fire SafetyOver half of all the home fire deaths happen between 11 pm and 7 am. If there is a fire, you may have less than 3 minutes to get out of your home. Be ready to act quickly. Need Help Now Call 119 at once if you see or have a home fire! If you need help after a home fire please call 120. Do You Know ●If a fire starts in your home, you may have as little as 2 minutes to escape. ●During a fire, early warning from a working smoke alarm can save lives. Top Tips for Fire Safety√Install (安装) smoke alarms on every level of your home, inside bedrooms and outside sleeping areas. √Test smoke alarms every month. If they’re not working, change the batteries (电池). √Talk with all family members about a fire escape plan and practice the plan twice a year. √If a fire occurs (发生) in your home, GET OUT, STAY OUT and CALL FOR HELP. Never go back inside for anything. And don’t use the lift. √If your clothes catch fire, DON’T RUN OR WALK! Get down on the ground. Cover your face and eyes. Roll (翻滚) over and over until the flames are out.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
31．If there was a fire in the kitchen when you are cooking at 6:57 am, you’d better get out of your house before ________.
A．7:00 am B．7:03 am C．11:00 pm D．11:03 pm
32．According to the text, what should we do when our clothes catch fire
A． B．
C． D．
33．Which of the following is not one of the top tips for fire safety
A．Installing smoke alarms. B．Testing smoke alarms.
C．Practicing the escape plan. D．Preparing enough water.
34．After reading the text, we can know ________.
A．how often home fires occur every year B．how many fires happen in the world every day
C．what we should do if a fire occurs in our home D．how we can make a good fire escape plan
35．Where is the text most probably from
A．Travel View. B．Health and Safety. C．Family Life. D．Medical World.
B
In recent years, cases of wildfires have been increasing across the world. These fires destroy homes and the environment. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, almost 3 billion animals were killed or lost their homes in the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires. In China, the total number of forest fires every year has increased to more than 2,000, according to The Paper.
Unlike other natural disasters, wildfires are most often caused by people. The good news is that this means people can help prevent wildfires, too!
How can you help prevent wildfires
Stay fire safe
When you start a campfire, clear the area around your fire pit (坑) and circle your pit with rocks. To put out your fire, mix water into the dirt and ash until it’s cool enough to touch. If it’s too hot to touch, it’s too hot to leave.
Never light a fire on a windy day
Do not use fireworks or firecrackers (爆竹) in forests.
Put used matches in a closed container or a cup of water.
Staying safe from the flames
Use a wet towel to cover your nose and mouth.
If there’s water nearby, soak your clothes with it.
If you find yourself next to a fire on a mountain, run downhill instead of up.
If there are ditches (沟渠), ponds or rivers, you can use these areas to avoid danger.
If in a forest, run to the large open spaces where there are fewer trees or less vegetation (植被).
36．Which is TRUE about wildfires
A．Cases of wildfires have been decreasing across the world.
B．There was no wildfire from 2019 to 2020 in Australia.
C．In China, the number of forest fires every year has increased to over 2,000.
D．Wildfires are most often caused by animals.
37．What bad results of wildfires are mentioned
① People lost their money. ② The environment was destroyed.
③ People were killed. ④ Animals lost their homes.
A．①② B．②④ C．②③ D．③④
38．What can you do to stay fire safe
A．Leave when the fire pit is too hot to touch. B．Light a fire on a windy day.
C．Use fireworks or firecrackers in forests. D．Put used matches in a closed container or a cup of water.
39．What can’t you do when you meet a wildfire
A．Soak your clothes with water. B．Run uphill if you are on a mountain.
C．Use ditches, ponds or rivers to avoid danger. D．Run to spaces with less vegetation.
40．What’s the purpose of this passage
A．To tell people how to prevent wildfires and keep themselves safe.
B．To save animals and help them build new homes.
C．To describe the bad effects of wildfires.
D．To let more people protect the environment and plant trees.
五、阅读还原
How to Protect Yourself in the Earthquake
Many earthquakes happen every year. Some of these earthquakes are very strong. When they happen in cities, they can be very serious. 41 Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help to keep you safe in the earthquake.
42 The safest place is under a strong table or desk. Sitting on the floor in a doorway or close to a wall is safer than standing in the middle of a room. Remember to protect your head and neck with your arms. Stay away from windows, tall furniture and pictures or anything that may fall on you. Do not try to run out of the building.
If you are out of doors, move to clear areas. 43 Be very careful of fallen power lines.
The danger is not over when the strong shaking stops. There will be some shocks after most earthquakes. 44 And they sometimes can be more dangerous than the first earthquake.
When it is safe for you to move around, check the people near you. Some may need help. 45
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．Get away from buildings and trees.
B．You may feel afraid, but you should try to stay calm.
C．Many people will be hurt or die in the earthquakes.
D．If you are indoors when the earthquake happens,
E．We call them aftershocks.
六、补全对话
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A：Hi, Lucy. You look serious. 46
B：We are talking about the rainstorm in Henan. What were you doing that day
A：I was walking with my mom. 47
B：I was cooking in the kitchen. The heavy rain made many people lose a lot.
A：Luckily, many people helped them.
B： 48
A：Yes. I gave my money away to help them.
B：In fact, we should also learn how to protect ourselves when the rainstorm comes.
A： 49 . What should we do
B：You can learn something about rainstorms on the Internet.
A：Anything else
B： 50 .
A：OK. You are right.
参考答案：
1．understood
【详解】句意：请提供更多的细节，让我们理解你的意思。此处是指使自己被理解，应用动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，故填understood。
2．better
【详解】句意：病人今天感觉好多了。根据“much”可知，后面接形容词比较级。well，形容词表示“健康的”，比较级是better。故填better。
3．thirstier
【详解】句意：琳达吃了一个冰淇淋后，她发现自己更渴了。根据“After Linda ate an ice cream”并结合“even”可知，空处应为比较级，thirsty“口渴的”形容词，比较级是thirstier，故填thirstier。
4．shook
【详解】句意：简在喝橙汁之前摇了摇瓶子。根据drank可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填shook。
5．best
【详解】句意： 在所有科目中，你最喜欢哪一门？根据“Of all the subjects”可知，此处应用副词well最高级，故填best。
6．(the) most carefully
【详解】句意：在所有学生中，她最认真地听老师讲课。根据“of all the students”可知用最高级，副词最高级的结构为“(the)+副词最高级”，carefully是多音节单词，应在前加most。故填(the) most carefully。
7．Sending
【详解】句意：——我们能用电脑做什么？——发送电子邮件。根据问句中“for”可知此处用动名词作宾语，答句是省略句，完整句应是：We can use computers for sending e-mails. 故填Sending。
8．missing
【详解】句意：这些狗可以帮助警察找到失踪的人。根据空后的名词“people”可知，空处应是一个形容词，来修饰名词。结合语境及所给词可知，应填“missing”，失踪的。故填missing。
9．to understand
【详解】句意：他昨天看了一部电影，发现很难理解。根据“found it hard”可知，考查it的固定句型，sb. find it adj. to do sth.“某人发现做某事怎么样”，it为形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语。故填to understand。
10．calm
【详解】句意：他甚至是在困难而又危险的情况下也能保持冷静。分析句子结构可知，stay“保持”为系动词，空处应用形容词作表语，用形容词calm“冷静的”。故填calm。
11．D
【详解】句意：在这个房间里所有的椅子中，你坐那把椅子最舒服。
考查最高级。根据“Of all the chairs”可知三者以上的比较用最高级，排除AC选项；此处修饰动词，应用副词的最高级，故选D。
12．B
【详解】句意：周日，我经常去图书馆，那里面有数百万本书。
考查数词的用法。具体数字+million表示“几百万”；million与of连用需加s，表示“数以百万”，此时前面不能加基数词，故选B。
13．C
【详解】句意：你笑得越多，你就会感觉越快乐。
考查形容词词义辨析和比较级的用法。happy开心的；sad伤心的；happier更开心的；worse更糟的。根据“The more you smile, the…”可知，原句是比较级的特殊结构：the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越……，越……”。根据“you smile”可知是笑的越多越开心，用happy的比较级happier。故选C。
14．A
【详解】句意：在她班上所有的学生中，李华写的最认真。
考查副词最高级用法。根据“Of all the students in her class”可知，三者以上需用最高级，修饰动词用副词的最高级，故选A。
15．C
【详解】句意：李明，你应该多注意你的发音。
考查动词辨析。give给；send发送；pay给予；take带走。根据“more attention to your pronunciation”可知，此处使用pay attention to“关注”，固定用法。故选C。
16．A
【详解】句意：——Larry，你是如何把这个惊人的消息告诉他的？——通过发电子邮件。
考查特殊疑问词及非谓语动词。How如何；What什么；send发送。根据“By ... an email.”可知，问句是问方式，用how引导特殊疑问句，排除C、D选项；空二处By是介词，后跟动名词形式sending。故选A。
17．C
【详解】句意：乘地铁环游世界很方便。
考查形容词辨析。slow缓慢的；surprised惊奇的；convenient方便的；sad伤心的。根据“take the underground to travel around the world.”可知，乘地铁环游世界很方便。故选C。
18．C
【详解】句意：这道题比那道题稍微难一点。
考查副词辨析。so因此；quite相当；a little一点儿；very非常。根据“more difficult”可知，此处是比较级，应该用a little修饰。故选C。
19．A
【详解】句意：在翼课网上练习了一年英语后，我的英语现在好多了。
考查比较级。better更好，比较级；good好的，形容词；best最好，最高级；well好地，副词。根据“my English is much…now”可知，该句为系表结构，空格处用形容词good，much后跟比较级形式better，故选A。
20．B
【详解】句意：如果你答应给你的朋友一份礼物，那就意味着你一定会把礼物送给他。
考查动词辨析。introduce介绍；promise许诺；send邮寄；make制作。根据“it means that you will give him the present for sure.”可知，这里是如果你答应给你的朋友一份礼物，你就要把礼物送给他。故选B。
21．A 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．A
【导语】本文介绍火是一把双刃剑，人们可以用它来取暖和驱赶动物，但有时火灾发生时，火也会让人们失去家园和生命；文章详细地介绍了火灾发生的原因以及发生火灾后应该怎样做。
21．句意：曾经有一段时间，人们不知道如何生火。
know知道；work工作；show展示；want想要。根据“Then they learned how to make it.”可知，人们不知道如何生火。故选A。
22．句意：他们用它来驱赶动物。
foreigners外国人；aliens外星人；friends朋友；animals动物。根据“They used it to drive away ...”可知，人们用火驱赶动物。故选D。
23．句意：但有时一栋建筑物会着火。
develops发展；catches抓住；use使用；loses失去。根据“But sometimes a building ... fire.”可知，此处指建筑物着火；catch fire“着火”，固定短语。故选B。
24．句意：火不是仆人，而是主人。
master主人；servant仆人；student学生；teacher老师。根据上文“Fire is a good servant (仆人) but a bad master.”和“Sometimes the building may be destroyed and people lose their homes. Sometimes people even lose their lives.”可知，当建筑物着火，人们失去家园和生命时，火变成了主人。故选A。
25．句意：也许你家里的电线太老了。
thin瘦的；thick厚的；old老的；new新的。根据“Perhaps the electric wires (电线) in your house have become too ...”及常识可知，电线老化会起火。故选C。
26．句意：当火灾发生时，你必须去最近的电话亭，向消防部门寻求帮助。
get得到；check检查；remember记得；ask询问。根据“the fire department for help”可知，此处指向消防部门求助；ask sb. for help“向某人求助”，固定短语。故选D。
27．句意：他们有很长的梯子可以够得着高高的窗户。
get得到；reach能够到；arrive到达；ask询问。根据“They have long ladders to ... high windows.”可知，消防员有长梯子能够到高高的窗户。故选B。
28．句意：他们首先救出被困在火灾中的人，并将受伤的人送往医院。
save拯救；know知道；see看见；think认为。根据“the people caught in the fire”可知，消防员首先是救出被困在火灾中的人。故选A。
29．句意：当所有的人都得救后，消防队员把火扑灭了。
put off推迟；put away收好，放好；put on穿上；put out扑灭。根据“When all the people have been saved, the firemen ... the fire.”可知，所有人被救出后，消防员会将火扑灭。故选D。
30．句意：人们有时会在家里放很多容易燃烧的东西。
burn燃烧；use使用；destroy毁坏；break打破。根据“This makes the fire much bigger.”可知，人们在家里放了太多容易燃烧的东西，一旦着火，火灾会很大。故选A。
31．A 32．B 33．D 34．C 35．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了家庭防火安全，包括遇到家庭火灾时该如何做，以及消防安全贴士等。
31．细节理解题。根据“If there is a fire, you may have less than 3 minutes to get out of your home. Be ready to act quickly.”可知，如果发生火灾，可能只有不到三分钟的时间离开家。若是在早上6点57分，厨房里发生了火灾，那最好在7点前离开房子。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据“If your clothes catch fire, DON’T RUN OR WALK! Get down on the ground. Cover your face and eyes. Roll (翻滚) over and over until the flames are out.”可知，如果衣服着火了，要趴在地上，遮住脸和眼睛，在地上翻滚，直到火焰熄灭。选项B的图片与之对应。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Top Tips for Fire Safety”下列的所有内容可知，消防安全贴士中并未提到“准备足够的水”。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据“If a fire occurs (发生) in your home, GET OUT, STAY OUT and CALL FOR HELP. Never go back inside for anything. And don’t use the lift.”及通读全文后可知，本文主要讲述了家庭防火安全，包括遇到家庭火灾时该如何做，以及消防安全贴士等。所以，如果家里发生火灾，我们就会知道该如何做。故选C。
35．推理判断题。通读全文后可知，本文主要讲述了家庭防火安全，包括遇到家庭火灾时该如何做，以及消防安全贴士等。所以文章最有可能来自《健康与安全》。故选B。
36．C 37．B 38．D 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界范围内日益增长的野火数量及其预防自救措施。
36．细节理解题。根据原文“In China, the total number of forest fires every year has increased to more than 2,000”可知，中国每年发生的森林火灾总数已增至2000多起。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据原文“These fires destroy homes and the environment. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, almost 3 billion animals were killed or lost their homes in the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires”可知，野火会摧毁环境、让动物失去家园。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据原文“Put used matches in a closed container or a cup of water”可知，要预防野火，要把用过的火柴放在一个封闭的容器或一杯水中。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据原文“If you find yourself next to a fire on a mountain, run downhill instead of up”可知，如果在山中发生野火，要向下跑，不能向上跑。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界范围内日益增长的野火数量及其预防自救措施。故选A。
41．C 42．D 43．A 44．E 45．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了如何在地震中保护自己。
41．根据“When they happen in cities, they can be very serious.”可知当地震发生在城市时，可能会非常严重，此处介绍地震产生的影响，选项C“许多人将在地震中受伤或死亡”符合语境。故选C。
42．根据“the safest place is under a strong table or desk”可知此处是在室内的情况，选项D“如果地震发生时你在室内”符合语境。故选D。
43．根据“If you are out of doors, move to clear areas”可知此处是在室外的情况，选项A“远离建筑物和树木”符合语境。故选A。
44．根据“There will be some shocks after most earthquakes”可知大多数地震后会有一些震动，选项E“我们叫它们余震”符合语境。故选E。
45．根据“When it is safe for you to move around, check the people near you. Some may need help”可知当你可以安全地四处走动时，检查一下你附近的人，有些人可能需要帮助，选项B“你可能会感到害怕，但你应该尽量保持冷静”符合语境。故选B。
46．What are you talking about 47．How about you 48．Did you help them 49．I agree with you 50．You can learn to swim
【导语】本文是一则对话，谈论了河南大暴雨灾害的情况。
46．根据下文“We are talking about the rainstorm in Henan. ”可知我们正在谈论河南的暴雨，因此空格处说的是“你们正在谈论什么”。故填What are you talking about。
47．根据上句“I was walking with my mom. ”可知我和妈妈一起散步，和下文“I was cooking in the kitchen.”可知我在厨房做饭，因此空格处说的是“你呢”。故填How about you。
48．根据上文“Luckily, many people helped them.”可知幸运的是，有很多人帮助了他们，以及和下文“Yes. I gave my money away to help them.”可知帮助了，我捐钱帮助他们，因此空格处说的是“你帮助他们了吗”。故填Did you help them。
49．根据上文“In fact, we should also learn how to protect ourselves when the rainstorm comes.”可知事实上，当暴雨来临时，我们也应该学会如何保护自己，和下句“What should we do ”可知我们该怎么办，因此空格处说的是“我同意你的看法”。故填I agree with you。
50．根据上文“You can learn something about rainstorms on the Internet.”可知你可以在网上了解一些关于暴雨的知识，和“Anything else ”可知还有别的吗，以及下文“OK. You are right.”可知好的，你说得对，因此空格处可以说“你可以学游泳”。故填You can learn to swim。
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