Unit 1 Encyclopeadias 单元综合检测卷（含解析）2023年秋牛津深圳·广州版八年级上册
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 1 Encyclopeadias 单元检测卷
2023-2024学年广州牛津版八年级上册（含解析）
考试范围：Unit 1；总分：90分
第I卷（选择题）
一、语法选择（15分，每小题1分。）
With their long tusks(象牙), elephants look strong. However, the tusks also make the animal endangered. Many of them are killed for their tusks. The crafts(工艺品) 1 their tusks are 2 priceless goods that they are popular among rich people. Studies show that elephants are living under 3 conditions than expected.
The elephants’ tusks are actually part of their teeth. Once the teeth 4 , they can never grow back. Losing the tusk will not kill them, though they may find 5 difficult to protect themselves 6 danger, lift things and get 7 food. What really makes elephants endangered is the way they lose the tusks. Usually, to meet the demand for ivory(象牙), some poachers(偷猎者) kill healthy elephants and cut their faces 8 the tusks 9 human beings kill elephants with best ivory, an 10 number of African elephants have gradually evolved into(进化成) elephants without tusks, in order to survive. 11 are still killed for ivory.
According to the experts, over the last decades, the population of African elephants 12 from 10 million to 400,000. If the poaching continues, African elephants will die out in 20 years. To protect the elephants, 13 organization called TNC (The Nature Conservancy) held an activity “Ivory only Belongs to Elephants” online. Users watched the videos about elephant poaching online, and expressed 14 they would like to say about protecting elephants. Besides, with the efforts of TNC and local African governments, laws are used 15 ivory trading to stop more elephant poaching.
1．A．make B．making C．are made of D．made of
2．A．very B．such C．so D．such a
3．A．difficult B．the more difficult C．most difficult D．more difficult
4．A．are lost B．are losing C．lose D．lost
5．A．this B．it C．that D．one
6．A．from B．without C．for D．of
7．A．them B．themselves C．they D．theirs
8．A．got B．getting C．get D．to get
9．A．Because B．If C．Because of D．When
10．A．increased B．increasing C．increase D．increasingly
11．A．Another B．The others C．Others D．The other
12．A．have dropped B．dropped C．has been dropped D．has dropped
13．A．the B．a C．/ D．an
14．A．that B．how C．what D．when
15．A．punishing B．to punish C．to punishing D．punished
二、完形填空（10分，每小题1分。）
The lion is one of the most fierce (凶猛的) animals in the world. Lions can be 16 in Africa and India. Lions in Africa can live without water for about one month. Lions are also popular animals in the 17 . Almost every zoo around the world has a few lions.
It is very 18 for people to tell male and female lions from each other. You can judge (判断) simply by their appearance. A male lion has mane (鬃毛) while female lions do not have. Male lions are 19 than female lions. A male lion usually weighs about 200 kilograms which is always heavier than a female lion. Both male and female lions have very 20 mouths. They can break the backs of other animals 21 . Lions feed on other animals and one lion usually kills between ten and twenty large animals each year for 22 .
It is unusual for lions to kill people. However, in 1898 two lions 23 and ate over one hundred people in Kenya before they were shot by a British man named P.J. Patterson. This 24 became the subject (主题) of a 1996 Hollywood movie called The Ghost and the Darkness. Now the Indian lions are endangered. It’s really necessary for us to 25 the animals, or we won’t see them again. Animals are our friends. It is our obligation to protect them.
16．A．used B．found C．told D．led
17．A．zoos B．schools C．parks D．gardens
18．A．hard B．strange C．easy D．tiring
19．A．larger B．smaller C．thinner D．shorter
20．A．active B．strong C．weak D．soft
21．A．sadly B．happily C．easily D． luckily
22．A．fun B．food C．money D．sale
23．A．killed B．called C．saved D．kissed
24．A．book B．story C．game D．invention
25．A．care for B．look for C．look at D．play with
阅读单选（30分，每小题2分。）
A
The world is getting warm quickly. The last ten years was the hottest ever recorded according to Climate（气候）Change Service. The ice cap in the Arctic（北极）got smaller from 2. 44 million square miles in 2010 to 1. 6 million square miles in 2019, says NASA’s Earth Observatory（观测站）. Of course, arctic ice isn’t the only thing that’s getting smaller.
Why ice matters
Polar bears need sea ice in order to raise their babies and hunt（捕猎）for food. The sea ice is their habitat—a place where they usually live. Without it, they’re going hungry and their numbers are getting smaller. As reported in 2015, they’re getting “clever” to live on. One way was that bears managed to catch a special kind of dolphin they don’t usually eat and swam into their habitat, ate some of it, then put the rest in snow to eat later. This is a habit the bears don’t often have.
Other food appears
Polar bears mainly eat seals（海豹）but researchers see polar bears in the western Hudson Bay eating snow geese（雪雁）eggs. A polar bear needs to eat 88 eggs to get the same calories from eating one seal. But this cannot keep the bears in the long run; besides, bears eating eggs will make snow geese populations become smaller. Warming weather is also driving polar bears south, to look for food in human rubbish. Another problem is that polar bears are waking up from winter sleep earlier and earlier, which means they need more food than ever. When a bear wakes up, it is usually hungry and has little energy to collect and get the food.
More scientists join in
Without sea ice, there is no sea ice ecosystem（生态系统）and losing that ecosystem means losing polar bears. They can go without food for about 220 days, but if it is more than 220 days, it will cut down their chances to live on. Scientists are reporting more deaths of polar bears because of it.
26．What do polar bears mainly eat
A．Seals. B．Dolphins. C．Geese. D．Eggs.
27．What do you know about polar bears from the passage
A．They always like to put food in snow.
B．They are changing their eating habits to live on.
C．They will die without food for less than 220 days.
D．The number of polar bears is increasing because of climate change.
28．Polar bears are facing the following problems except _______.
A．losing their habitat B．less food that they can get
C．moving to the north D．less sleeping time in winter
B
Zu Chongzhi (429 to 500 AD) was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer and mechanic. He was born into a well-educated family. As an excellent engineer, Zu Chongzhi’s grandfather taught him science. From an early age, Zu Chongzhi showed great intelligence and curiosity, with special interests in mathematics and astronomy. Today we know Zu Chongzhi because he was the first person to find out that pi (π) falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, and his result remained the most accurate (准确的) value in the world for more than 900 years. Zu Chongzhi also worked out the close value of pi to be 355/113, which he called “close ratio” (This ratio was so hard to get that a Japanese mathematician named it “Zu’s ratio (祖冲之比率)”.
It is not clear how Zu Chongzhi become interested in finding the value of pi, yet people have told stories about him. For a long time in the past, people believed that a circle’s circumference (圆周长) was three times its diameter(直径). Zu Chongzhi was not sure about this result and wanted to prove it himself. He used a rope to measure (测量) the circumference of a wheel. Then he folded the rope into three equal parts and compared it with the diameter of the wheel. No matter how many wheels he measured, the diameter of the wheel was always shorter than a third of the circumference. As a result, Zu Chongzhi decided to work out a more accurate ratio. After years of hard work, he finally worked out the value of pi.
29．What did Zu Chongzhi NOT work as
A．A mathematician. B．An astronomer. C．An astronaut. D．A mechanic.
30．Who probably helped Zu Chongzhi a lot in science
A．His father. B．His mother. C．His grandma. D．His grandpa.
31．How did Zu Chongzhi work out a circle’s circumference
A．By using a special wooden ruler. B．By using a rope and a wheel.
C．With the help of his grandfather. D．With the help of his teacher.
32．What can we learn from the passage
A．Zu Chongzhi’s family probably got good education.
B．Zu Chongzhi himself called 355/113 “Zu’s ratio”.
C．Zu Chongzhi believed what other people thought.
D．Zu Chongzhi worked out the value of pi easily.
C
①Stephen Hawking was an English scientist, cosmologist (宇宙学家), teacher and writer. He is best known for discovering how the universe (宇宙) formed and predicting what might happen to it in the future.
②Born on January the 8th, in 1942, Stephen Hawking was born just 300 years after the death of the famous astronomer (天文学家) Galileo. Stephen was very proud of that. He was born during the Second World War, in Oxford, England.
③Stephen had three younger siblings: two sisters and an adopted (收养的) brother. His family placed a high value on (重视) education and his parents studied at the University of Oxford. Stephen’s interest in space began at an early age when he would enjoy spending time with his mother, sitting together on the grass in the garden to watch the stars.
④In 1950, his family moved to St Albans. At school, Stephen’s classmates often called him ‘Einstein’. Stephen took the eleven-plus exam a year earlier and went to have his secondary education. With close friends, he enjoyed playing board games and making model aeroplanes and boats. With the help of their maths teacher, Stephen and his friends built a computer from clock parts and different other recycled (回收的) things.
⑤ In 1959, Stephen started university and studied chemistry and physics in Oxford. After finishing his first degree (学位), Stephen went to Cambridge University. It was at Cambridge that Stephen first found problems with his health. He became very clumsy (笨拙的), and often fell or dropped things. His speech became hard to understand.
⑥Doctors said Stephen had just two years to live. ▲ , meaning he was able to go back to his studies. In later years, he used a wheelchair and spoke using a computer voice.
⑦His discoveries (发现) about the black holes made him famous and successful. Because of his great work and sense of humour, Stephen made a lot of people become interested in science.
33．Stephen Hawking started university ________.
A．in 1942 B．in 1642 C．in 1950 D．in 1959
34．What is the right time order (顺序) for the following events
a. Stephen found problems with his health. b. Stephen went to Cambridge University.
c. Stephen moved to St Albans with his family. d. Stephen built a computer from clock parts.
A．c-d-b-a B．c-d-a-b C．d-c-b-a D．d-c-a-b
35．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ in Paragraph Six
A．However, his health problems grew more slowly than doctors thought
B．To their surprise, his health problems were even worse than doctors thought
C．After that, his health problems made everything in his life change a lot
D．In the first year, he even thought about giving everything up in life
36．Which is the best title (标题) of the passage
A．Stephen Hawking’s childhood B．Stephen Hawking’s family
C．Stephen Hawking’s famous discoveries D．Stephen Hawking’s life
D
Monarch butterflies from eastern Canada make the most amazing journey in the insect world. Each year, this butterfly travels about 3000 miles to its winter home in central Mexico. How can it fly so far And why does it make this long and dangerous trip Scientists still don’t have an answer.
For many years, people in Mexico wondered where the orange-and-black butterflies came from every winter. Then, in 1937, a scientist started to follow and study the butterflies. For the next 20 years, he discovered that one butterfly started its journey in Canada. Four months later, it arrived in Mexico.
The length of the butterflies find their way back to the same place Another amazing thing is that the butterflies always return to the same area in central Mexico.
How do the butterflies find their way back to the same place This is an interesting question because only every fourth generation（代）makes the trip south. In other words, the butterfly that travels to Mexico this year is the great-great-grandchild of the butterfly that traveled there last year.
Each year, four generations of a Monarch butterfly family are born. Each generation of the family has a very different life. The first generation is born in the south in late April. It slowly moves north, reproduces（繁衍）, and then dies. On the trip north, two more generations are born, reproduce, and die. Each of these generations of butterflies is born. This generation has a much longer life. It lives for about eight months. This generation of butterflies makes the amazing journey back to the winter home of its great-great-grandparents. The butterflies spend the winter there, and in the spring they reproduce and then die. Their offspring will be the first generation of the next circle of life.
Today, people are still studying the Monarch butterfly. But they are not clear about everything.
37．The best title of the passage can be ________.
A．Family of Monarch butterflies B．Mystery of Monarch butterflies
C．Monarch butterflies’ birthplace D．Monarch butterflies’ winter home
38．We know that the ________ generation of Monarch butterflies travel back to central Mexico.
A．first B．second C．third D．fourth
39．The underlined word “offspring” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A．seasons B．butterflies C．children D．parents
40．Which statement is true according to the text
A．Monarch butterflies spend winter in eastern Canada.
B．The four generations have the same length of life.
C．Some generations die on the way north of Canada.
D．Scientists are clear about everything of the butterflies.
四、阅读还原5选5（5分，每小题1分。）
Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are the smallest birds that live on Earth. Most of the more than 300 kinds of hummingbirds live in America. The largest hummingbird is only 21～23 cm long and weighs 18～24 g. The wings (翅膀) of a hummingbird move very quickly. You can’t see them move. 41 The wings make a humming (嗡嗡声) sound. That is why we call the little bird a hummingbird.
Hummingbirds’ life is quite long. 42 A hummingbird’s heart beats 1,000 times a minute, while the bird breathes about 250 times during this time.
Hummingbirds have strong bodies. A lot of hummingbirds travel to warmer places during the winter. Some of them can fly up to 8,000 km. They have long wings which help them fly very fast. With them, they can fly not only forward, but also straight up and down. 43 .
The bee hummingbird is the smallest of the hummingbirds. It lives in Cuba. It’s only about 5.5 cm long, and it weighs only 1.6～1.8 g. This hummingbird moves its wings at a speed of about 80 times per second. 44 During one day, it can visit up to 1,500 flowers.
45 People cut down too many trees so the hummingbirds are losing their homes. We must stop cutting down trees and protect hummingbirds.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。
A．They can live up to 8 years.
B．But you can hear them.
C．You can hardly see its wings when it flies.
D．And they are the only birds that can fly backwards.
E．Now, the hummingbird is in great danger.
第II卷（非选择题）
五、语篇填词（5分，每小题1分。）
根据下列语篇以及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。要求写出完整单词。（每空只写一词）
Have you ever heard of the song “The story of the red-crowned crane” It is about a girl c 46 Xu Xiujuan.
Xiujuan was born in Zhalong, Heilongjiang Province in 1964. Her father’s job was to look after red-crowned cranes. Xiujuan started helping her father when she was young. She soon showed a great love for these white birds. She became g 47 at raising them.
When Xiujuan was 21, she got a job at a nature reserve in Jiangsu Province. She enjoyed taking care of the baby cranes. If a bird became sick, she took good care of it and stayed with it every day until it was strong e 48 to fly again.
In September 1987, one of the birds went missing. The workers in the nature reserve looked everywhere, but no one could f 49 it. Xiujuan was very worried. She looked for it day and night for two days. On the second night, while she was looking for the missing bird, she l 50 her life. She was only 23.
Later, a song was written in memory of Xiujuan. People always remember her when they hear the song or see a red-crowned crane.
完成句子（10分，每小题2分。）
51．你有发现任何不同吗？
Did you find
52．现如今，很多珍稀动物濒临灭绝的危险。
Many rare animals are in danger of nowadays.
53．晚饭后，我和父母经常一起去散步。
After supper, my parents and I often .
54．乡村的夜晚真安静啊！
quiet it is at night !
55．警察正在四处调查以查清这次车祸的真相。
The police are searching hard to the truth of the .
七、材料作文（15分）
56．学习完八年级第一单元课文，你们班级准备制作一本英文的百科全书，其中要写一篇关于Neil Armstrong的简介，请你根据如下表格进行编写：
Neil Armstrong
Job Astronaut (宇航员)
Birth time &place 1930; the US
Work experience 1. want to fly; from an early age2. at the age of 16; become a pilot (飞行员)3. fly to the Moon; July 19694.become the first person to walk on the Moon; 20 July 1969
Death time August 25, 2012
要求：包含信息表内容，清晰合理，书写工整，70词左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了人们为获取象牙牟利对大象的杀害，以至于大象濒危，也介绍了为保护大象的组织，呼吁人们要保护大象。
1．句意：用象牙制成的工艺品是如此无价，以至于它们在富人中很受欢迎。
make制造，动词原形；making制造，动名词；are made of由……制成；made of由……制成的。此处应用过去分词短语made of作后置定语，修饰名词crafts。故选D。
2．句意：用象牙制成的工艺品是如此无价，以至于它们在富人中很受欢迎。
very非常；such如此；so所以；such a这样一个。短语such+adj+n+that+从句表示“如此的……，以至于……”，so是副词，其后直接加形容词，不加名词，不符合；goods是复数形式，不用a。故选B。
3．句意：研究表明，大象生活在比预期更困难的条件下。
difficult困难的；the more difficult更困难的；most difficult最难的；more difficult更难的。根据than可知应用比较级，difficult的比较级为more difficult。故选D。
4．句意：一旦牙齿脱落，它们就再也长不出来了。
are lost失去了；are losing正在迷失；lose失去；lost失去的。此处once引导条件状语从句，从句时态为一般现在时，应用系表结构are lost表示。故选A。
5．句意：失去象牙不会杀死它们，尽管它们可能会发现很难保护自己免受危险，举起东西和为自己获取食物。
this这个；it它；that那个；one一个。此处是用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式。故选B。
6．句意：失去象牙不会杀死他们，尽管他们可能会发现很难保护自己免受危险，举起东西和为自己获取食物。
from从；without没有；for为了；of……的。短语protect sb from sth表示“保护某人免受……”。故选A。
7．句意：失去象牙不会杀死他们，尽管他们可能会发现很难保护自己免受危险，举起东西和为自己获取食物。
them它们；themselves它们自己；they它们；theirs它们的。此处主语they，指代大象，与宾语指代的对象一致，都是大象，应用反身代词。故选B。
8．句意：通常，为了满足象牙的需求，一些偷猎者杀死健康的大象并割掉它们的脸以获得象牙。
got得到；getting得到，动名词；get得到，原形；to get得到，不定式。此处应用不定式作目的状语，表示割掉脸的目的。故选D。
9．句意：因为人类杀死有最好象牙的大象，越来越多的非洲象为了生存，逐渐进化成没有象牙的大象。
Because因为；If如果；Because of由于；When当。根据“African elephants have gradually evolved into(进化成) elephants without tusks, in order to survive”可知越来越多的非洲象为了生存，逐渐进化成没有象牙的大象，这是杀害大象的结果，前半句是原因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。
10．句意：因为人类杀死有最好象牙的大象，越来越多的非洲象为了生存，逐渐进化成没有象牙的大象。
increased增加；increasing增加，动名词；increase增加，原形；increasingly日益。名词number前应用形容词修饰，此处应用increasing表示“增加的”，作定语。故选B。
11．句意：其他大象仍然因为象牙而被杀。
Another另一个，后接名词单数；The others其余的人或事物，表示其余的全部；Others其他的人或事；The other另一个，常和one连用。前文提及更多的非洲象进化成没有象牙，因此是其余的大象还在被杀害，应用others表示其余的大象，是一种泛指。故选C。
12．句意：据专家介绍，在过去的几十年里，非洲象的数量从1000万下降到40万。
have dropped已经下降；dropped下降；has been dropped已被下降；has dropped已经下降。根据“over the last decades”可知应用现在完成时，主语“the population of African elephants”表示非洲象的数量，是第三人称单数，应用has+过去分词。故选D。
13．句意：为了保护大象，一个名为TNC的组织在网上举办了“象牙只属于大象”的活动。
the表示特指；a一，用于辅音音素前；/不填；an一，用于元音音素前。名词organization是第一次出现，且是元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an表示泛指。故选D。
14．句意：用户在线观看了有关大象偷猎的视频，并表达了他们对保护大象的看法。
that那个；how怎样；what什么；when当。此处是宾语从句，从句中say about后缺乏宾语，应用what来充当。故选C。
15．句意：此外，在TNC和非洲地方政府的努力下，法律被用来惩罚象牙贸易，以阻止更多的大象偷猎。
punishing惩罚，动名词；to punish惩罚，不定式；to punishing惩罚；punished惩罚，过去式。短语be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”，符合题意。故选B。
16．B 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．A
【导语】本文从狮子的居住地、体型、食性、目前的生存状况等方面讲述了师子的故事。
16．句意：在非洲和印度可以发现狮子。
used使用；found发现；told告诉；led导致。根据“Lions can be...in Africa and India.”可知，此处指在非洲和印度可以发现狮子。故选B。
17．句意：狮子在动物园也是很受欢迎的动物。
zoos动物园；schools学校；parks公园；gardens花园。根据“Almost every zoo around the world has a few lions.”可知，几乎每个动物园都有狮子，所以此处指狮子在动物园也是很受欢迎的动物。故选A。
18．句意：对于人们来说很容易区分雄狮和雌师。
hard努力的，困难的；strange奇怪的；easy简单的；tiring劳累的。根据“You can judge simply by their appearance.”可知，可以从外边就能很轻松的分辨，所以此处指对于人们来说很容易区分雄狮和雌师。故选C。
19．句意：雄狮比雌狮大。
larger更大的；smaller更小的；thinner更瘦的；shorter更矮的。根据“A male lion usually weighs about 200 kilograms which is always heavier than a female lion.”可知，雄狮通常重约200公斤，这总是比雌狮重。所以此处指雄狮比雌狮大。故选A。
20．句意：雄狮和雌狮都有非常坚硬的牙齿。
active积极的；strong坚硬的；weak虚弱的；dull迟钝的。根据“They can break the backs of other animals...”可知，它们可以折断其他动物的背部，所以此处指他们的牙齿很锋利。故选B。
21．句意：它们可以轻易地折断其他动物的背部。
sadly伤心地；happily开心地；easily简单地；luckily幸运地。根据“Both male and female lions have very strong teeth.”可知，狮子的牙齿很坚硬，所以此处指它们可以轻易地折断其他动物的背部。故选C。
22．句意：狮子以其他动物为食，一只狮子通常每年杀死十到二十只大型动物作为食物。
fun乐趣；food食物；money钱；sale销售。根据“Lions feed on other animals”可知，狮子以动物为食，所以此处指一只狮子通常每年杀死十到二十只大型动物作为食物。故选B。
23．句意：然而，1898年，两只狮子在肯尼亚杀死并吃掉了100多人，之后被一个名叫P·J·帕特森的英国人射杀。
killed杀；called叫做；saved拯救，节约；kissed亲吻。根据“...ate over one hundred people in Kenya”可知，此处指两只狮子在肯尼亚杀死并吃掉了100多人。故选A。
24．句意：这个故事成为1996年好莱坞电影《幽灵与黑暗》的主题。
book书；story故事；game游戏；invention发明。根据“This...became the subject (主题) of a 1996 Hollywood movie called The Ghost and the Darkness.”可知，此处指前文提到的故事。故选B。
25．句意：我们真的有必要照顾这些动物，否则我们就不会再见到它们了。
care for照顾；look for寻找；look at看；play with和……一起玩。根据“Now the Indian lions are endangered.”可知，狮子已经濒临灭绝，人们应该关心狮子。故选A。
26．A 27．B 28．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了北极熊因为气候变暖而出现的一系列问题。
26．细节理解题。根据“Polar bears mainly eat seals （海豹）but researchers see polar bears in the western Hudson Bay eating snow geese（雪雁）eggs.”可知，北极熊主要吃海豹，故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据“One way was that bears managed to catch a special kind of dolphin they don’t usually eat and swam into their habitat, ate some of it, then put the rest in snow to eat later. This is a habit the bears don’t often have.”和“but researchers see polar bears in the western Hudson Bay eating snow geese（雪雁）eggs.”可知，北极熊吃不怎么吃的特殊海豚以及雪鹅蛋，可见为了生存，他们正在改变饮食习惯。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“Another problem is that polar bears are waking up from winter sleep earlier and earlier, which means they need more food than ever.”；“but researchers see polar bears in the western Hudson Bay eating snow geese（雪雁）eggs.”和“The sea ice is their habitat—a place where they usually live. Without it, they’re going hungry and their numbers are getting smaller.”可知，北极熊的栖息地在减少， 食物也在减少，睡眠时间也变短了，故选C。
29．C 30．D 31．B 32．A
【导语】本文介绍了祖冲之关于π的故事。
29．细节理解题。根据“Zu Chongzhi (429 to 500 AD) was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer and mechanic.”可知，祖冲之是数学家、天文学家、机械师。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据“As an excellent engineer, Zu Chongzhi’s grandfather taught him science.”可知，作为一名优秀的工程师，祖冲之的祖父教他科学。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据“He used a rope to measure (测量) the circumference of a wheel. Then he folded the rope into three equal parts and compared it with the diameter of the wheel. ”可知，他用一根绳子测量轮子的周长。然后，他把绳子折成三等份，并与轮子的直径进行比较。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据“He was born into a well-educated family.”可知，他出生在一个受过良好教育的家庭。故选A。
33．D 34．A 35．A 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍斯蒂芬·霍金一生中发生的重要事情。
33．细节理解题。根据“In 1959, Stephen started university and studied chemistry and physics in Oxford.”可知，1959年，斯蒂芬·霍金进入牛津大学学习化学和物理。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据“In 1950, his family moved to St Albans.”，“Stephen and his friends built a computer from clock parts and different other recycled (回收的) things”，“After finishing his first degree (学位), Stephen went to Cambridge University.”和“Doctors said Stephen had just two years to live.”可知，正确的顺序是c-d-b-a，故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据“meaning he was able to go back to his studies. In later years, he used a wheelchair and spoke using a computer voice.”可知，也就是说他可以回去继续学习了。在后来的几年里，他使用轮椅，用电脑声音说话。与前句中“Doctors said Stephen had just two years to live.(医生说斯蒂芬只能再活两年了。)”构成转折含义，选项A“However, his health problems grew more slowly than doctors thought(然而，他的健康问题发展得比医生想象的要慢)”符合语境。故选A。
36．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍霍金一生中发生的重要事情，故选D。
37．B 38．D 39．C 40．C
【导语】本文讲述了对黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙的研究。
37．最佳标题题。由文章第一段提出的一系列问题“How can it fly so far And why does it make this long and dangerous trip Scientists still don’t have an answer.”及下文科学家的一系列发现可知，本文主要讲述的是科学家对黑脉金斑蝶迁徙的研究，因此可推断选项B“黑脉金斑碟之谜”是最好的标题。故选B。
38．推理判断题。由第四段中“In other words, the butterfly that travels to Mexico this year is the great-great-grandchild of the butterfly that traveled there last year.”可知今年迁徙到墨西哥的是去年飞往墨西哥的曾曾孙辈，也就是第四代蝴蝶。故选D。
39．词义猜测题。根据“The butterflies spend the winter there, and in the spring they reproduce and then die. Their offspring will be the first generation of the next circle of life.”可知，他们的offspring将会成下一个生命周期的第一代，可以推测出offspring是他们的“孩子”，故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据“The first generation is born in the south in late April. It slowly moves north, reproduces（繁衍）, and then dies. On the trip north, two more generations are born, reproduce, and die.”可知，有些代在北上加拿大的路上死去。故选C。
41．B 42．A 43．D 44．C 45．E
【导语】本文主要介绍了蜂鸟体型很小却有强壮的翅膀，它们有高超的飞行技能，但也面临着严重的生存问题。
41．根据“You can’t see them move.”和“The wings make a humming (嗡嗡声) sound.”可知，你看不到蜂鸟在动，但能听到它们飞行的声音，选项B“但你可以听到它们”符合语境。故选B。
42．根据“Hummingbirds’ life is quite long.”可知，说的是蜂鸟的寿命很长，选项A“它们可以活到8岁”符合语境。故选A。
43．根据“With them, they can fly not only forward, but also straight up and down.”可知，此处在说蜂鸟的飞行技能，选项D“而且它们是唯一一种能向后飞的鸟”符合语境。故选D。
44．根据“This hummingbird moves its wings at a speed of about 80 times per second.”可知，蜂鸟扇动翅膀的速度很快，此处应是对其速度的补充说明，选项C“当它飞行时你几乎看不到它的翅膀”符合语境。故选C。
45．根据“People cut down too many trees so the hummingbirds are losing their homes.”可知，人们砍伐大量树木，蜂鸟正在失去它们的家园，由此可知此处是在介绍蜂鸟的危险处境，选项E“现在，蜂鸟处于极大的危险之中”符合语境。故选E。
46．(c)alled 47．(g)ood 48．(e)nough 49．(f)ind 50．(l)ost
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位从小就开始照顾丹顶鹤的女孩Xu Xiujuan，后来因为寻找丹顶鹤而失去了生命，人们为了纪念她而创作了一首歌曲。
46． 句意：它与一个叫Xu Xiujuan的女孩有关。根据girl以及后面的名字可知，此处应填called意为 “叫……名字”，因call与girl为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填(c)alled。
47．句意：她变得擅长喂养它们。根据 “Xiujuan started helping her father when she was young.” 可知，Xiujuan开始帮助爸爸喂养丹顶鹤，后来在此方面变得比较擅长。become good at相当于be good at意为 “擅长做某事”，故填(g)ood。
48．句意：如果一只鸟生病了，她会照顾它并每天陪着它直到它足够强大可以再次飞起来。根据 “If a bird became sick”可知，鸟生病了，Xiujuan需要照顾到它恢复健康变得足够强壮起来，形容词/副词+enough to do意为 “足够……做某事”。故填(e)nough。
49．句意：自然保护区的工作人员们到处找遍了，但是没有人找到它。根据 “In September 1987, one of the birds went missing.” 以及but可知，一只鸟不见了，但是没有找到它，因为前面是情态动词could，应用动词原形。故填(f)ind。
50．句意：第二天晚上，当她正在寻找那只鸟时，她失去了生命。根据 “Later, a song was written in memory of Xiujuan.” 可知，一首歌被写来纪念Xiujuan，可见在寻找鸟时，她失去了生命。lose one’s life意为 “失去生命”，此处讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填(l)ost。
51． anything different
【详解】此处是一般疑问句，用anything“任何东西”，不同的：different，形容词修饰复合不定代词时，放不定代词之后。故填anything；different。
52． dying
out
【详解】根据语境可知，die out表示“濒临灭绝”，“in danger of+动名词”表示“处于……的危险”，dying为动词die的动名词。故填dying；out。
53． go for a walk
【详解】根据句意和题干可知，go for a walk表示“散步”，是固定表达。句子是一般现在时，主语是复数概念，动词用原形。故填go；for；a；walk。
54． How in the countryside
【详解】根据题干，句子是感叹句，quiet表示“安静的”，是形容词，it is是主谓部分，符合“how+adj+主谓”的结构，句首字母需大写；短语in the countryside表示“在乡村”。故填How；in；the；countryside。
55． find out car accident
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，前两空表达的意思是“查清、找出”：find out，此处填写动词原形，构成目的状语；后两个空表达的意思是“车祸”：car accident，此处使用名词单数。故填find；out；car；accident。
56．例文：
Neil Armstrong was a famous astronaut. He was born in 1930, the US.
He had a dream when he was very young. He wanted to fly from an early age. Neil Armstrong studied hard at school. He read many books on science and space. Finally, he became a pilot at the age of 16. He still worked very hard. He flew to the Moon in July, 1969. More importantly, he became the first person to walk on the Moon on 20 July of 1969. Unluckily, he passed away on August 25, 2012. People will remember him forever.
【详解】[总体分析]
① 题材：本文是一篇记叙文，根据表格内容进行人物介绍；
② 时态：时态为“一般过去时” ；
③ 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“表格”中有关Neil Armstrong的介绍要点，适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图。借用“班级准备制作一本英文的百科全书，其中要写一篇关于Neil Armstrong的简介，请你根据如下表格进行编写”根据表格内容直接介绍Neil Armstrong的内容；
第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“职业、出生年龄、出生地点、小时候的梦想、工作主要经历和离世”几个方面介绍Neil Armstrong的相关情况；
第三步，书写结语。表达“人们永远记住他”的情感。
[亮点词汇]
① be born 出生
② at the age of 在……岁时
③ study hard学习认真
④ the first person to do sth做某事第一人
⑤ more importantly更重要的是
[高分句型]
① He had a dream when he was very young.（when引导的时间状语从句）
② More importantly, he became the first person to walk on the Moon on 20 July of 1969.（“the first person to do sth”表达“做某事第一人”句型常用短语）
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Unit 1 Encyclopeadias 单元检测卷
2023-2024学年广州牛津版八年级上册（含解析）
考试范围：Unit 1；总分：90分
第I卷（选择题）
一、语法选择（15分，每小题1分。）
With their long tusks(象牙), elephants look strong. However, the tusks also make the animal endangered. Many of them are killed for their tusks. The crafts(工艺品) 1 their tusks are 2 priceless goods that they are popular among rich people. Studies show that elephants are living under 3 conditions than expected.
The elephants’ tusks are actually part of their teeth. Once the teeth 4 , they can never grow back. Losing the tusk will not kill them, though they may find 5 difficult to protect themselves 6 danger, lift things and get 7 food. What really makes elephants endangered is the way they lose the tusks. Usually, to meet the demand for ivory(象牙), some poachers(偷猎者) kill healthy elephants and cut their faces 8 the tusks 9 human beings kill elephants with best ivory, an 10 number of African elephants have gradually evolved into(进化成) elephants without tusks, in order to survive. 11 are still killed for ivory.
According to the experts, over the last decades, the population of African elephants 12 from 10 million to 400,000. If the poaching continues, African elephants will die out in 20 years. To protect the elephants, 13 organization called TNC (The Nature Conservancy) held an activity “Ivory only Belongs to Elephants” online. Users watched the videos about elephant poaching online, and expressed 14 they would like to say about protecting elephants. Besides, with the efforts of TNC and local African governments, laws are used 15 ivory trading to stop more elephant poaching.
1．A．make B．making C．are made of D．made of
2．A．very B．such C．so D．such a
3．A．difficult B．the more difficult C．most difficult D．more difficult
4．A．are lost B．are losing C．lose D．lost
5．A．this B．it C．that D．one
6．A．from B．without C．for D．of
7．A．them B．themselves C．they D．theirs
8．A．got B．getting C．get D．to get
9．A．Because B．If C．Because of D．When
10．A．increased B．increasing C．increase D．increasingly
11．A．Another B．The others C．Others D．The other
12．A．have dropped B．dropped C．has been dropped D．has dropped
13．A．the B．a C．/ D．an
14．A．that B．how C．what D．when
15．A．punishing B．to punish C．to punishing D．punished
二、完形填空（10分，每小题1分。）
The lion is one of the most fierce (凶猛的) animals in the world. Lions can be 16 in Africa and India. Lions in Africa can live without water for about one month. Lions are also popular animals in the 17 . Almost every zoo around the world has a few lions.
It is very 18 for people to tell male and female lions from each other. You can judge (判断) simply by their appearance. A male lion has mane (鬃毛) while female lions do not have. Male lions are 19 than female lions. A male lion usually weighs about 200 kilograms which is always heavier than a female lion. Both male and female lions have very 20 mouths. They can break the backs of other animals 21 . Lions feed on other animals and one lion usually kills between ten and twenty large animals each year for 22 .
It is unusual for lions to kill people. However, in 1898 two lions 23 and ate over one hundred people in Kenya before they were shot by a British man named P.J. Patterson. This 24 became the subject (主题) of a 1996 Hollywood movie called The Ghost and the Darkness. Now the Indian lions are endangered. It’s really necessary for us to 25 the animals, or we won’t see them again. Animals are our friends. It is our obligation to protect them.
16．A．used B．found C．told D．led
17．A．zoos B．schools C．parks D．gardens
18．A．hard B．strange C．easy D．tiring
19．A．larger B．smaller C．thinner D．shorter
20．A．active B．strong C．weak D．soft
21．A．sadly B．happily C．easily D． luckily
22．A．fun B．food C．money D．sale
23．A．killed B．called C．saved D．kissed
24．A．book B．story C．game D．invention
25．A．care for B．look for C．look at D．play with
阅读单选（30分，每小题2分。）
A
The world is getting warm quickly. The last ten years was the hottest ever recorded according to Climate（气候）Change Service. The ice cap in the Arctic（北极）got smaller from 2. 44 million square miles in 2010 to 1. 6 million square miles in 2019, says NASA’s Earth Observatory（观测站）. Of course, arctic ice isn’t the only thing that’s getting smaller.
Why ice matters
Polar bears need sea ice in order to raise their babies and hunt（捕猎）for food. The sea ice is their habitat—a place where they usually live. Without it, they’re going hungry and their numbers are getting smaller. As reported in 2015, they’re getting “clever” to live on. One way was that bears managed to catch a special kind of dolphin they don’t usually eat and swam into their habitat, ate some of it, then put the rest in snow to eat later. This is a habit the bears don’t often have.
Other food appears
Polar bears mainly eat seals（海豹）but researchers see polar bears in the western Hudson Bay eating snow geese（雪雁）eggs. A polar bear needs to eat 88 eggs to get the same calories from eating one seal. But this cannot keep the bears in the long run; besides, bears eating eggs will make snow geese populations become smaller. Warming weather is also driving polar bears south, to look for food in human rubbish. Another problem is that polar bears are waking up from winter sleep earlier and earlier, which means they need more food than ever. When a bear wakes up, it is usually hungry and has little energy to collect and get the food.
More scientists join in
Without sea ice, there is no sea ice ecosystem（生态系统）and losing that ecosystem means losing polar bears. They can go without food for about 220 days, but if it is more than 220 days, it will cut down their chances to live on. Scientists are reporting more deaths of polar bears because of it.
26．What do polar bears mainly eat
A．Seals. B．Dolphins. C．Geese. D．Eggs.
27．What do you know about polar bears from the passage
A．They always like to put food in snow.
B．They are changing their eating habits to live on.
C．They will die without food for less than 220 days.
D．The number of polar bears is increasing because of climate change.
28．Polar bears are facing the following problems except _______.
A．losing their habitat B．less food that they can get
C．moving to the north D．less sleeping time in winter
B
Zu Chongzhi (429 to 500 AD) was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer and mechanic. He was born into a well-educated family. As an excellent engineer, Zu Chongzhi’s grandfather taught him science. From an early age, Zu Chongzhi showed great intelligence and curiosity, with special interests in mathematics and astronomy. Today we know Zu Chongzhi because he was the first person to find out that pi (π) falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, and his result remained the most accurate (准确的) value in the world for more than 900 years. Zu Chongzhi also worked out the close value of pi to be 355/113, which he called “close ratio” (This ratio was so hard to get that a Japanese mathematician named it “Zu’s ratio (祖冲之比率)”.
It is not clear how Zu Chongzhi become interested in finding the value of pi, yet people have told stories about him. For a long time in the past, people believed that a circle’s circumference (圆周长) was three times its diameter(直径). Zu Chongzhi was not sure about this result and wanted to prove it himself. He used a rope to measure (测量) the circumference of a wheel. Then he folded the rope into three equal parts and compared it with the diameter of the wheel. No matter how many wheels he measured, the diameter of the wheel was always shorter than a third of the circumference. As a result, Zu Chongzhi decided to work out a more accurate ratio. After years of hard work, he finally worked out the value of pi.
29．What did Zu Chongzhi NOT work as
A．A mathematician. B．An astronomer. C．An astronaut. D．A mechanic.
30．Who probably helped Zu Chongzhi a lot in science
A．His father. B．His mother. C．His grandma. D．His grandpa.
31．How did Zu Chongzhi work out a circle’s circumference
A．By using a special wooden ruler. B．By using a rope and a wheel.
C．With the help of his grandfather. D．With the help of his teacher.
32．What can we learn from the passage
A．Zu Chongzhi’s family probably got good education.
B．Zu Chongzhi himself called 355/113 “Zu’s ratio”.
C．Zu Chongzhi believed what other people thought.
D．Zu Chongzhi worked out the value of pi easily.
C
①Stephen Hawking was an English scientist, cosmologist (宇宙学家), teacher and writer. He is best known for discovering how the universe (宇宙) formed and predicting what might happen to it in the future.
②Born on January the 8th, in 1942, Stephen Hawking was born just 300 years after the death of the famous astronomer (天文学家) Galileo. Stephen was very proud of that. He was born during the Second World War, in Oxford, England.
③Stephen had three younger siblings: two sisters and an adopted (收养的) brother. His family placed a high value on (重视) education and his parents studied at the University of Oxford. Stephen’s interest in space began at an early age when he would enjoy spending time with his mother, sitting together on the grass in the garden to watch the stars.
④In 1950, his family moved to St Albans. At school, Stephen’s classmates often called him ‘Einstein’. Stephen took the eleven-plus exam a year earlier and went to have his secondary education. With close friends, he enjoyed playing board games and making model aeroplanes and boats. With the help of their maths teacher, Stephen and his friends built a computer from clock parts and different other recycled (回收的) things.
⑤ In 1959, Stephen started university and studied chemistry and physics in Oxford. After finishing his first degree (学位), Stephen went to Cambridge University. It was at Cambridge that Stephen first found problems with his health. He became very clumsy (笨拙的), and often fell or dropped things. His speech became hard to understand.
⑥Doctors said Stephen had just two years to live. ▲ , meaning he was able to go back to his studies. In later years, he used a wheelchair and spoke using a computer voice.
⑦His discoveries (发现) about the black holes made him famous and successful. Because of his great work and sense of humour, Stephen made a lot of people become interested in science.
33．Stephen Hawking started university ________.
A．in 1942 B．in 1642 C．in 1950 D．in 1959
34．What is the right time order (顺序) for the following events
a. Stephen found problems with his health. b. Stephen went to Cambridge University.
c. Stephen moved to St Albans with his family. d. Stephen built a computer from clock parts.
A．c-d-b-a B．c-d-a-b C．d-c-b-a D．d-c-a-b
35．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ in Paragraph Six
A．However, his health problems grew more slowly than doctors thought
B．To their surprise, his health problems were even worse than doctors thought
C．After that, his health problems made everything in his life change a lot
D．In the first year, he even thought about giving everything up in life
36．Which is the best title (标题) of the passage
A．Stephen Hawking’s childhood B．Stephen Hawking’s family
C．Stephen Hawking’s famous discoveries D．Stephen Hawking’s life
D
Monarch butterflies from eastern Canada make the most amazing journey in the insect world. Each year, this butterfly travels about 3000 miles to its winter home in central Mexico. How can it fly so far And why does it make this long and dangerous trip Scientists still don’t have an answer.
For many years, people in Mexico wondered where the orange-and-black butterflies came from every winter. Then, in 1937, a scientist started to follow and study the butterflies. For the next 20 years, he discovered that one butterfly started its journey in Canada. Four months later, it arrived in Mexico.
The length of the butterflies find their way back to the same place Another amazing thing is that the butterflies always return to the same area in central Mexico.
How do the butterflies find their way back to the same place This is an interesting question because only every fourth generation（代）makes the trip south. In other words, the butterfly that travels to Mexico this year is the great-great-grandchild of the butterfly that traveled there last year.
Each year, four generations of a Monarch butterfly family are born. Each generation of the family has a very different life. The first generation is born in the south in late April. It slowly moves north, reproduces（繁衍）, and then dies. On the trip north, two more generations are born, reproduce, and die. Each of these generations of butterflies is born. This generation has a much longer life. It lives for about eight months. This generation of butterflies makes the amazing journey back to the winter home of its great-great-grandparents. The butterflies spend the winter there, and in the spring they reproduce and then die. Their offspring will be the first generation of the next circle of life.
Today, people are still studying the Monarch butterfly. But they are not clear about everything.
37．The best title of the passage can be ________.
A．Family of Monarch butterflies B．Mystery of Monarch butterflies
C．Monarch butterflies’ birthplace D．Monarch butterflies’ winter home
38．We know that the ________ generation of Monarch butterflies travel back to central Mexico.
A．first B．second C．third D．fourth
39．The underlined word “offspring” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A．seasons B．butterflies C．children D．parents
40．Which statement is true according to the text
A．Monarch butterflies spend winter in eastern Canada.
B．The four generations have the same length of life.
C．Some generations die on the way north of Canada.
D．Scientists are clear about everything of the butterflies.
四、阅读还原5选5（5分，每小题1分。）
Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are the smallest birds that live on Earth. Most of the more than 300 kinds of hummingbirds live in America. The largest hummingbird is only 21～23 cm long and weighs 18～24 g. The wings (翅膀) of a hummingbird move very quickly. You can’t see them move. 41 The wings make a humming (嗡嗡声) sound. That is why we call the little bird a hummingbird.
Hummingbirds’ life is quite long. 42 A hummingbird’s heart beats 1,000 times a minute, while the bird breathes about 250 times during this time.
Hummingbirds have strong bodies. A lot of hummingbirds travel to warmer places during the winter. Some of them can fly up to 8,000 km. They have long wings which help them fly very fast. With them, they can fly not only forward, but also straight up and down. 43 .
The bee hummingbird is the smallest of the hummingbirds. It lives in Cuba. It’s only about 5.5 cm long, and it weighs only 1.6～1.8 g. This hummingbird moves its wings at a speed of about 80 times per second. 44 During one day, it can visit up to 1,500 flowers.
45 People cut down too many trees so the hummingbirds are losing their homes. We must stop cutting down trees and protect hummingbirds.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。
A．They can live up to 8 years.
B．But you can hear them.
C．You can hardly see its wings when it flies.
D．And they are the only birds that can fly backwards.
E．Now, the hummingbird is in great danger.
第II卷（非选择题）
五、语篇填词（5分，每小题1分。）
根据下列语篇以及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。要求写出完整单词。（每空只写一词）
Have you ever heard of the song “The story of the red-crowned crane” It is about a girl c 46 Xu Xiujuan.
Xiujuan was born in Zhalong, Heilongjiang Province in 1964. Her father’s job was to look after red-crowned cranes. Xiujuan started helping her father when she was young. She soon showed a great love for these white birds. She became g 47 at raising them.
When Xiujuan was 21, she got a job at a nature reserve in Jiangsu Province. She enjoyed taking care of the baby cranes. If a bird became sick, she took good care of it and stayed with it every day until it was strong e 48 to fly again.
In September 1987, one of the birds went missing. The workers in the nature reserve looked everywhere, but no one could f 49 it. Xiujuan was very worried. She looked for it day and night for two days. On the second night, while she was looking for the missing bird, she l 50 her life. She was only 23.
Later, a song was written in memory of Xiujuan. People always remember her when they hear the song or see a red-crowned crane.
完成句子（10分，每小题2分。）
51．你有发现任何不同吗？
Did you find
52．现如今，很多珍稀动物濒临灭绝的危险。
Many rare animals are in danger of nowadays.
53．晚饭后，我和父母经常一起去散步。
After supper, my parents and I often .
54．乡村的夜晚真安静啊！
quiet it is at night !
55．警察正在四处调查以查清这次车祸的真相。
The police are searching hard to the truth of the .
七、材料作文（15分）
56．学习完八年级第一单元课文，你们班级准备制作一本英文的百科全书，其中要写一篇关于Neil Armstrong的简介，请你根据如下表格进行编写：
Neil Armstrong
Job Astronaut (宇航员)
Birth time &place 1930; the US
Work experience 1. want to fly; from an early age2. at the age of 16; become a pilot (飞行员)3. fly to the Moon; July 19694.become the first person to walk on the Moon; 20 July 1969
Death time August 25, 2012
要求：包含信息表内容，清晰合理，书写工整，70词左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了人们为获取象牙牟利对大象的杀害，以至于大象濒危，也介绍了为保护大象的组织，呼吁人们要保护大象。
1．句意：用象牙制成的工艺品是如此无价，以至于它们在富人中很受欢迎。
make制造，动词原形；making制造，动名词；are made of由……制成；made of由……制成的。此处应用过去分词短语made of作后置定语，修饰名词crafts。故选D。
2．句意：用象牙制成的工艺品是如此无价，以至于它们在富人中很受欢迎。
very非常；such如此；so所以；such a这样一个。短语such+adj+n+that+从句表示“如此的……，以至于……”，so是副词，其后直接加形容词，不加名词，不符合；goods是复数形式，不用a。故选B。
3．句意：研究表明，大象生活在比预期更困难的条件下。
difficult困难的；the more difficult更困难的；most difficult最难的；more difficult更难的。根据than可知应用比较级，difficult的比较级为more difficult。故选D。
4．句意：一旦牙齿脱落，它们就再也长不出来了。
are lost失去了；are losing正在迷失；lose失去；lost失去的。此处once引导条件状语从句，从句时态为一般现在时，应用系表结构are lost表示。故选A。
5．句意：失去象牙不会杀死它们，尽管它们可能会发现很难保护自己免受危险，举起东西和为自己获取食物。
this这个；it它；that那个；one一个。此处是用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式。故选B。
6．句意：失去象牙不会杀死他们，尽管他们可能会发现很难保护自己免受危险，举起东西和为自己获取食物。
from从；without没有；for为了；of……的。短语protect sb from sth表示“保护某人免受……”。故选A。
7．句意：失去象牙不会杀死他们，尽管他们可能会发现很难保护自己免受危险，举起东西和为自己获取食物。
them它们；themselves它们自己；they它们；theirs它们的。此处主语they，指代大象，与宾语指代的对象一致，都是大象，应用反身代词。故选B。
8．句意：通常，为了满足象牙的需求，一些偷猎者杀死健康的大象并割掉它们的脸以获得象牙。
got得到；getting得到，动名词；get得到，原形；to get得到，不定式。此处应用不定式作目的状语，表示割掉脸的目的。故选D。
9．句意：因为人类杀死有最好象牙的大象，越来越多的非洲象为了生存，逐渐进化成没有象牙的大象。
Because因为；If如果；Because of由于；When当。根据“African elephants have gradually evolved into(进化成) elephants without tusks, in order to survive”可知越来越多的非洲象为了生存，逐渐进化成没有象牙的大象，这是杀害大象的结果，前半句是原因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。
10．句意：因为人类杀死有最好象牙的大象，越来越多的非洲象为了生存，逐渐进化成没有象牙的大象。
increased增加；increasing增加，动名词；increase增加，原形；increasingly日益。名词number前应用形容词修饰，此处应用increasing表示“增加的”，作定语。故选B。
11．句意：其他大象仍然因为象牙而被杀。
Another另一个，后接名词单数；The others其余的人或事物，表示其余的全部；Others其他的人或事；The other另一个，常和one连用。前文提及更多的非洲象进化成没有象牙，因此是其余的大象还在被杀害，应用others表示其余的大象，是一种泛指。故选C。
12．句意：据专家介绍，在过去的几十年里，非洲象的数量从1000万下降到40万。
have dropped已经下降；dropped下降；has been dropped已被下降；has dropped已经下降。根据“over the last decades”可知应用现在完成时，主语“the population of African elephants”表示非洲象的数量，是第三人称单数，应用has+过去分词。故选D。
13．句意：为了保护大象，一个名为TNC的组织在网上举办了“象牙只属于大象”的活动。
the表示特指；a一，用于辅音音素前；/不填；an一，用于元音音素前。名词organization是第一次出现，且是元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an表示泛指。故选D。
14．句意：用户在线观看了有关大象偷猎的视频，并表达了他们对保护大象的看法。
that那个；how怎样；what什么；when当。此处是宾语从句，从句中say about后缺乏宾语，应用what来充当。故选C。
15．句意：此外，在TNC和非洲地方政府的努力下，法律被用来惩罚象牙贸易，以阻止更多的大象偷猎。
punishing惩罚，动名词；to punish惩罚，不定式；to punishing惩罚；punished惩罚，过去式。短语be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”，符合题意。故选B。
16．B 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．A
【导语】本文从狮子的居住地、体型、食性、目前的生存状况等方面讲述了师子的故事。
16．句意：在非洲和印度可以发现狮子。
used使用；found发现；told告诉；led导致。根据“Lions can be...in Africa and India.”可知，此处指在非洲和印度可以发现狮子。故选B。
17．句意：狮子在动物园也是很受欢迎的动物。
zoos动物园；schools学校；parks公园；gardens花园。根据“Almost every zoo around the world has a few lions.”可知，几乎每个动物园都有狮子，所以此处指狮子在动物园也是很受欢迎的动物。故选A。
18．句意：对于人们来说很容易区分雄狮和雌师。
hard努力的，困难的；strange奇怪的；easy简单的；tiring劳累的。根据“You can judge simply by their appearance.”可知，可以从外边就能很轻松的分辨，所以此处指对于人们来说很容易区分雄狮和雌师。故选C。
19．句意：雄狮比雌狮大。
larger更大的；smaller更小的；thinner更瘦的；shorter更矮的。根据“A male lion usually weighs about 200 kilograms which is always heavier than a female lion.”可知，雄狮通常重约200公斤，这总是比雌狮重。所以此处指雄狮比雌狮大。故选A。
20．句意：雄狮和雌狮都有非常坚硬的牙齿。
active积极的；strong坚硬的；weak虚弱的；dull迟钝的。根据“They can break the backs of other animals...”可知，它们可以折断其他动物的背部，所以此处指他们的牙齿很锋利。故选B。
21．句意：它们可以轻易地折断其他动物的背部。
sadly伤心地；happily开心地；easily简单地；luckily幸运地。根据“Both male and female lions have very strong teeth.”可知，狮子的牙齿很坚硬，所以此处指它们可以轻易地折断其他动物的背部。故选C。
22．句意：狮子以其他动物为食，一只狮子通常每年杀死十到二十只大型动物作为食物。
fun乐趣；food食物；money钱；sale销售。根据“Lions feed on other animals”可知，狮子以动物为食，所以此处指一只狮子通常每年杀死十到二十只大型动物作为食物。故选B。
23．句意：然而，1898年，两只狮子在肯尼亚杀死并吃掉了100多人，之后被一个名叫P·J·帕特森的英国人射杀。
killed杀；called叫做；saved拯救，节约；kissed亲吻。根据“...ate over one hundred people in Kenya”可知，此处指两只狮子在肯尼亚杀死并吃掉了100多人。故选A。
24．句意：这个故事成为1996年好莱坞电影《幽灵与黑暗》的主题。
book书；story故事；game游戏；invention发明。根据“This...became the subject (主题) of a 1996 Hollywood movie called The Ghost and the Darkness.”可知，此处指前文提到的故事。故选B。
25．句意：我们真的有必要照顾这些动物，否则我们就不会再见到它们了。
care for照顾；look for寻找；look at看；play with和……一起玩。根据“Now the Indian lions are endangered.”可知，狮子已经濒临灭绝，人们应该关心狮子。故选A。
26．A 27．B 28．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了北极熊因为气候变暖而出现的一系列问题。
26．细节理解题。根据“Polar bears mainly eat seals （海豹）but researchers see polar bears in the western Hudson Bay eating snow geese（雪雁）eggs.”可知，北极熊主要吃海豹，故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据“One way was that bears managed to catch a special kind of dolphin they don’t usually eat and swam into their habitat, ate some of it, then put the rest in snow to eat later. This is a habit the bears don’t often have.”和“but researchers see polar bears in the western Hudson Bay eating snow geese（雪雁）eggs.”可知，北极熊吃不怎么吃的特殊海豚以及雪鹅蛋，可见为了生存，他们正在改变饮食习惯。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“Another problem is that polar bears are waking up from winter sleep earlier and earlier, which means they need more food than ever.”；“but researchers see polar bears in the western Hudson Bay eating snow geese（雪雁）eggs.”和“The sea ice is their habitat—a place where they usually live. Without it, they’re going hungry and their numbers are getting smaller.”可知，北极熊的栖息地在减少， 食物也在减少，睡眠时间也变短了，故选C。
29．C 30．D 31．B 32．A
【导语】本文介绍了祖冲之关于π的故事。
29．细节理解题。根据“Zu Chongzhi (429 to 500 AD) was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer and mechanic.”可知，祖冲之是数学家、天文学家、机械师。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据“As an excellent engineer, Zu Chongzhi’s grandfather taught him science.”可知，作为一名优秀的工程师，祖冲之的祖父教他科学。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据“He used a rope to measure (测量) the circumference of a wheel. Then he folded the rope into three equal parts and compared it with the diameter of the wheel. ”可知，他用一根绳子测量轮子的周长。然后，他把绳子折成三等份，并与轮子的直径进行比较。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据“He was born into a well-educated family.”可知，他出生在一个受过良好教育的家庭。故选A。
33．D 34．A 35．A 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍斯蒂芬·霍金一生中发生的重要事情。
33．细节理解题。根据“In 1959, Stephen started university and studied chemistry and physics in Oxford.”可知，1959年，斯蒂芬·霍金进入牛津大学学习化学和物理。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据“In 1950, his family moved to St Albans.”，“Stephen and his friends built a computer from clock parts and different other recycled (回收的) things”，“After finishing his first degree (学位), Stephen went to Cambridge University.”和“Doctors said Stephen had just two years to live.”可知，正确的顺序是c-d-b-a，故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据“meaning he was able to go back to his studies. In later years, he used a wheelchair and spoke using a computer voice.”可知，也就是说他可以回去继续学习了。在后来的几年里，他使用轮椅，用电脑声音说话。与前句中“Doctors said Stephen had just two years to live.(医生说斯蒂芬只能再活两年了。)”构成转折含义，选项A“However, his health problems grew more slowly than doctors thought(然而，他的健康问题发展得比医生想象的要慢)”符合语境。故选A。
36．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍霍金一生中发生的重要事情，故选D。
37．B 38．D 39．C 40．C
【导语】本文讲述了对黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙的研究。
37．最佳标题题。由文章第一段提出的一系列问题“How can it fly so far And why does it make this long and dangerous trip Scientists still don’t have an answer.”及下文科学家的一系列发现可知，本文主要讲述的是科学家对黑脉金斑蝶迁徙的研究，因此可推断选项B“黑脉金斑碟之谜”是最好的标题。故选B。
38．推理判断题。由第四段中“In other words, the butterfly that travels to Mexico this year is the great-great-grandchild of the butterfly that traveled there last year.”可知今年迁徙到墨西哥的是去年飞往墨西哥的曾曾孙辈，也就是第四代蝴蝶。故选D。
39．词义猜测题。根据“The butterflies spend the winter there, and in the spring they reproduce and then die. Their offspring will be the first generation of the next circle of life.”可知，他们的offspring将会成下一个生命周期的第一代，可以推测出offspring是他们的“孩子”，故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据“The first generation is born in the south in late April. It slowly moves north, reproduces（繁衍）, and then dies. On the trip north, two more generations are born, reproduce, and die.”可知，有些代在北上加拿大的路上死去。故选C。
41．B 42．A 43．D 44．C 45．E
【导语】本文主要介绍了蜂鸟体型很小却有强壮的翅膀，它们有高超的飞行技能，但也面临着严重的生存问题。
41．根据“You can’t see them move.”和“The wings make a humming (嗡嗡声) sound.”可知，你看不到蜂鸟在动，但能听到它们飞行的声音，选项B“但你可以听到它们”符合语境。故选B。
42．根据“Hummingbirds’ life is quite long.”可知，说的是蜂鸟的寿命很长，选项A“它们可以活到8岁”符合语境。故选A。
43．根据“With them, they can fly not only forward, but also straight up and down.”可知，此处在说蜂鸟的飞行技能，选项D“而且它们是唯一一种能向后飞的鸟”符合语境。故选D。
44．根据“This hummingbird moves its wings at a speed of about 80 times per second.”可知，蜂鸟扇动翅膀的速度很快，此处应是对其速度的补充说明，选项C“当它飞行时你几乎看不到它的翅膀”符合语境。故选C。
45．根据“People cut down too many trees so the hummingbirds are losing their homes.”可知，人们砍伐大量树木，蜂鸟正在失去它们的家园，由此可知此处是在介绍蜂鸟的危险处境，选项E“现在，蜂鸟处于极大的危险之中”符合语境。故选E。
46．(c)alled 47．(g)ood 48．(e)nough 49．(f)ind 50．(l)ost
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位从小就开始照顾丹顶鹤的女孩Xu Xiujuan，后来因为寻找丹顶鹤而失去了生命，人们为了纪念她而创作了一首歌曲。
46． 句意：它与一个叫Xu Xiujuan的女孩有关。根据girl以及后面的名字可知，此处应填called意为 “叫……名字”，因call与girl为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填(c)alled。
47．句意：她变得擅长喂养它们。根据 “Xiujuan started helping her father when she was young.” 可知，Xiujuan开始帮助爸爸喂养丹顶鹤，后来在此方面变得比较擅长。become good at相当于be good at意为 “擅长做某事”，故填(g)ood。
48．句意：如果一只鸟生病了，她会照顾它并每天陪着它直到它足够强大可以再次飞起来。根据 “If a bird became sick”可知，鸟生病了，Xiujuan需要照顾到它恢复健康变得足够强壮起来，形容词/副词+enough to do意为 “足够……做某事”。故填(e)nough。
49．句意：自然保护区的工作人员们到处找遍了，但是没有人找到它。根据 “In September 1987, one of the birds went missing.” 以及but可知，一只鸟不见了，但是没有找到它，因为前面是情态动词could，应用动词原形。故填(f)ind。
50．句意：第二天晚上，当她正在寻找那只鸟时，她失去了生命。根据 “Later, a song was written in memory of Xiujuan.” 可知，一首歌被写来纪念Xiujuan，可见在寻找鸟时，她失去了生命。lose one’s life意为 “失去生命”，此处讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填(l)ost。
51． anything different
【详解】此处是一般疑问句，用anything“任何东西”，不同的：different，形容词修饰复合不定代词时，放不定代词之后。故填anything；different。
52． dying
out
【详解】根据语境可知，die out表示“濒临灭绝”，“in danger of+动名词”表示“处于……的危险”，dying为动词die的动名词。故填dying；out。
53． go for a walk
【详解】根据句意和题干可知，go for a walk表示“散步”，是固定表达。句子是一般现在时，主语是复数概念，动词用原形。故填go；for；a；walk。
54． How in the countryside
【详解】根据题干，句子是感叹句，quiet表示“安静的”，是形容词，it is是主谓部分，符合“how+adj+主谓”的结构，句首字母需大写；短语in the countryside表示“在乡村”。故填How；in；the；countryside。
55． find out car accident
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，前两空表达的意思是“查清、找出”：find out，此处填写动词原形，构成目的状语；后两个空表达的意思是“车祸”：car accident，此处使用名词单数。故填find；out；car；accident。
56．例文：
Neil Armstrong was a famous astronaut. He was born in 1930, the US.
He had a dream when he was very young. He wanted to fly from an early age. Neil Armstrong studied hard at school. He read many books on science and space. Finally, he became a pilot at the age of 16. He still worked very hard. He flew to the Moon in July, 1969. More importantly, he became the first person to walk on the Moon on 20 July of 1969. Unluckily, he passed away on August 25, 2012. People will remember him forever.
【详解】[总体分析]
① 题材：本文是一篇记叙文，根据表格内容进行人物介绍；
② 时态：时态为“一般过去时” ；
③ 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“表格”中有关Neil Armstrong的介绍要点，适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图。借用“班级准备制作一本英文的百科全书，其中要写一篇关于Neil Armstrong的简介，请你根据如下表格进行编写”根据表格内容直接介绍Neil Armstrong的内容；
第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“职业、出生年龄、出生地点、小时候的梦想、工作主要经历和离世”几个方面介绍Neil Armstrong的相关情况；
第三步，书写结语。表达“人们永远记住他”的情感。
[亮点词汇]
① be born 出生
② at the age of 在……岁时
③ study hard学习认真
④ the first person to do sth做某事第一人
⑤ more importantly更重要的是
[高分句型]
① He had a dream when he was very young.（when引导的时间状语从句）
② More importantly, he became the first person to walk on the Moon on 20 July of 1969.（“the first person to do sth”表达“做某事第一人”句型常用短语）
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