牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册 Unit 1 Food matters 课件2（4份打包）

(共83张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件
Unit 3 Food matters
Reading
◆ 内容分析
【What】本板块的语篇是一篇美食杂志文章，文体为说明文，话题是“治愈系食物”；文章主要介绍了治愈系食物的定义、特点、功效；作者重点分析了治愈系食物背后的情感和文化属性：来源于家庭的情感属性和以民族认同感为核心的文化属性。
【Why】本文旨在引导学生认识食物不仅能使人保持健康和充满活力，而且还能调节情绪、抚慰心灵。正如文章中所介绍的，治愈系食物能让我们回忆起美好的童年，能让海外游子一解乡愁。学习本文可以让学生学会透过现象看本质，理解饮食背后的情感因素和文化因素。
【How】本文主旨清晰，结构分明。作者从叙述自身体验引出治愈系食物的定义，接着介绍了其中一类治愈系
食物的两大特征，最后点题：治愈系食物既是可口的美味，又是联结个人幸福记忆的纽带。文本采取的第一人称视角有助于拉近与读者的距离，增加文章的真实性和说服力。
此外，本文在写作手法上还有以下几方面的特点：细节描写形象生动；分析深入透彻、鞭辟入里；语言上使用了较多的短语动词和复合句。作者把细腻的情感融合进朴实的文字里，说理抒情，娓娓道来，这样的写作方法值得学习和模仿。
◆ 教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. give a brief introduction to comfort food[治愈系食物;(令人心情愉快但可能无益健康的)安慰食品];
2. distinguish between comfort food and favourite food;
3. grasp the writing technique of giving a definition;
4. know more about the impact of food having on us.
学习理解
1. Pay attention to the title of the article and the picture on page 3 and answer the following question.
Before reading the article, can you guess what comfort food is
Comfort food may be a type of food that makes us feel comfortable and happy.
2. Food keeps us healthy and energetic. It can also do more than that. The article below, from a food magazine, discusses the idea of comfort food. Before you read the article, think about the following questions: P2
1)What do you think the article will talk about according to the title
I think it will talk about the food we grow up eating, made by a special family member, or the food that reminds us of happy times in our lives. It helps us feel
relaxed and comfortable.
What foods can have an impact on your feelings
Foods that I eat may impact my feelings in a positive or negative way. Dumplings cheer me up because they remind me of the time when I was younger and helped my grandmother make them. Eating certain foods also brings me mixed feelings. For instance, when I want to relax, especially while studying, I often eat sweet soft cakes; however, it sometimes makes me feel guilty because I know cakes are unhealthy.
Whenever I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice, milk and sugar, cooked low and slow. No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
每当感到孤独，我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方：大米、牛奶和糖，小火慢炖。不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。
However bad
Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick, not to mention the lovely creamy flavour, which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.
有时只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油的味道了，这种味道就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回阳光灿烂的童年。
alone（用于名词或代词后以加强语气）仅仅，单，只
The shoes alone cost 200.
仅鞋子一项就花了200英镑。
do the trick 意为“奏效，起作用，达到目的”。如：
A bit more sugar should do the trick.
再加一点糖应该就可以了。
time machine:时间机器(能使人往返于过去或未来)
not to mention更不用说；且不说
He has two big houses in this country, not to mention his villa in France.
他在这个国家有两座大房子，更别提他在法国的别墅了。
transport使产生身临其境的感觉
The book transports you to another world.
这本书会把你带到另一个世界。
With pleasure, I remember the lazy
Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma’s flat, listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.
欣欣然，我回忆起那些慵懒的周日午后，那时我常常是在外婆温暖的公寓里，一边听她讲着那些精彩的故事，一边一碗接一碗贪婪地吃着她做的美味的大米布丁。
I take my time over every spoonful, gently rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk. Before I know it, I’m happy again.
我细细品尝每一勺，让丝滑的甜点在我的口中轻轻转动，享受米糊和牛奶的完美融合。不知不觉中，我便又开心起来了。
take your time (over sth) | take your time to do sth/doing sth
A. 从容不迫；慢慢来
There's no rush─take your time.
别着急，慢慢来。
I like to take my time over breakfast.
我喜欢慢慢享用早餐。
B. 迟到；慢慢腾腾；磨磨蹭蹭
You certainly took your time getting here! 你真是姗姗来迟啊！
My experience with rice pudding illustrates the unique power of “comfort food”. In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better. In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.
从广义上说，治愈系食物指的是任何能改善我们心情的食物。在本文里，我们要特别讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。
lie (in sth) (思想、特征、问题等) 存在；在于
The problem lies in deciding when to intervene.问题在于决定何时介入。
associations联想；联系
The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me.海滨使我联想起童年假期的各种愉快情景。
The cat soon made the association between human beings and food.
这只猫很快就把人类与食物联系起来。
bring/call sb/sth to mind (formal) 　
A. 想起；记起,=recall
She couldn't call to mind where she had seen him before.
她想不起来曾在哪里见过他。
B. to remind you of sb/sth 使想起；使记起,=recall
The painting brings to mind some of Picasso's early works. 这幅油画使人想起了毕加索早期的作品。
It often makes up for bad feelings by helping us recall happy memories of the people, things or places we love.
make up for sth 弥补；补偿，=compensate [ k mpense t]
Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.
失去一个孩子是任何东西都无法弥补的。
After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time .耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
Her enthusiasm makes up for her lack of experience.她的热情弥补了她经验的不足。
Our comfort foods are highly individual. They vary from person to person, depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives. If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions. For example, we often connect chicken soup with a happy childhood and its flavour becomes tied up with(使有关联) the feeling of being taken care of. When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after, and this cheers us up.
vary from A to B/vary between A and B” :change or be different according to the situation
These hens vary in weight from 1 kilogram to 2 kilograms.这些母鸡的重量从一千克到两千克不等。
The number of students in each class varies between 40 and 50.
各班级学生人数从 40 到 50 不等。
depending on: according to
Expenses vary depending on personal requirements, budget, and destination.开销根据个人需求、预算和目的地而有所不同。
Even in the same province, people’s accents differ depending on which part they come from.
即使在同一省份，人们的口音也会有所不同，这取决于他们来自哪个
地区。
be linked with/to:“be related with/to”,“be connected with/to”,“be associated with/to”
Her name is often linked with that of a well-known painter.她的名字经常和一位著名画家的名字联系在一起。
This event was closely linked with the outbreak of the French Revolution.这一事件与法国大革命的爆发有密切关系。
Experts believe that these two factors are closely related to each other.专家们认为这两个因素彼此之间密切相关。
The visit from the police was not connected to the lost child.
警察的来访与孩子的失踪无关。
It has been proved that lung cancer is associated with smoking.
业已证明肺癌和吸烟有关。
shape 决定…的形成;影响…的发展
Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are.
无论喜欢与否，家庭影响了我们的生活，决定了我们成为什么样的人。
His ideas had been shaped by his experiences during the war.
他的思想深受战时经历的影响。
She had a leading role in shaping party policy.
该党奉行何种政策，她起着主导作用。
The feeling of happiness and sense of belonging can become particularly important for people who move away from their home country. According to some food experts, there are some aspects of culture that people will lose right away, but with food, there are more opportunities to connect to memory, family and place. It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.
从小吃到大的食物最难割舍。
Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on where they come from—for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, served hot, salty and sour. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.
That’s certainly true for fort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories, always makes us feel good. It isn’t just a bowl of noodles or chicken soup. It’s food for the soul.
它不仅仅是一碗面条或鸡汤，它是心灵的食粮。
bond:“something that forms a connection between people or groups”.
A bond of friendship has been shaped between them.
他们之间已经形成了友谊的纽带。
Frequent football matches helped the two schools build a close bond with each other.经常性的足球比赛帮助这两所学校建立了密切的关系。
bond :“to develop or create a relationship of trust with somebody”.
Time must be given for the teacher to bond with her students. 她和学生之间需要时间来培养师生情谊。
A. Understanding the text P4
A1. Read the article and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph. P4
Comfort food has the unique power to make us feel better.
Our comfort foods are highly
individual, depending on our
own unique experiences.
Comfort food gives the “taste
of home” to people who feel
homesick when they move to
a new country.
Comfort food is food for the soul.
Discuss the function of each paragraph of this article.
Para. 1:
Para. 2:
Introduce the topic of “comfort food” by describing the author’s personal experience.
Give the definition of comfort food and narrow down(缩小范围) the topic which will be discussed in this article.
Para. 3:
Para. 4:
Para. 5:
Talk about one kind of comfort food linked with positive emotions in our memories.
Talk about the other kind of comfort food related to one’s sense of belonging and cultural roots.
Make a conclusion.
A2. Read the article again carefully and answer the following questions. P4
1. What does the author compare the flavour of the rice pudding to in
the first paragraph
2. What is comfort food in its broadest sense
A time machine that transports the author back to her sunny childhood.
Any food that makes us feel better.
3. According to the third paragraph, how does comfort food such as chicken soup cheer us up
By connecting with our happy childhood and being tied up with the feeling of being taken care of.
4. For people who move away from their home country, what largely determines their comfort food
Where they come from.
应用实践
1. Appreciate the article by completing the following tasks.
(1) Answer the first question of A3 on page 4.
How does the author introduce the topic of comfort food What do you think of this technique
The author introduces the topic with a personal experience from her childhood that illustrates the power comfort food has to lift our spirits, before continuing with a more detailed description of exactly how comfort food does that. This technique is quite effective, as it attracts the reader’s attention and inspires interest in the topic of discussion.
(2) Pay attention to the tip of “Understanding definitions in a text” and answer the following questions.
Tip: Understanding definitions in a text
In some texts definitions are given to key concepts with such expressions as refer to. In some cases, in a broad sense or in a narrow sense is used to make the definition more accurate.
The author focuses on the narrower definition in the article because comfort food is a complex topic. By defining comfort food in this way, the author makes us aware of the wide range of the subject, but then draws our attention to the aspect of comfort food that she will be discussing in this article.
How is the definition of comfort food given in paragraph 2 Why does the author give the definition in this way
The author’s definition of comfort food is given in both its broadest sense, “any food that makes us feel better”, and in a narrower sense, “a particular type of food in association with our happy memories”.
(3) What does “positive emotions” refer to in paragraph 3 And why does the author mention the chicken soup here
The phrase “positive emotions” refers to the memories of a time when we were loved and looked after, which cheers us up. Chicken soup is used as a typical example to explain foods often linked with positive emotions.
Since most people have had the experience of being served chicken soup, especially as a “remedy” when sick in childhood, it is more likely for readers to understand the connection between certain foods and the positive emotions associated with that experience.
(4) How does the author explain the relationship between comfort food and one’s sense of belonging in paragraph 4
The author quotes some food experts’ belief about the connection between food and “memory, family and place”, to support the idea that the food rooted in(根源在于；由…产生)one’s cultural heritage(传统) helps shape one’s sense of belonging.
The author then shows this relationship by providing examples from two different cultural backgrounds: “for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, served hot, salty and sour.” The author summarizes that this kind of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, gives us the “taste of home” and relieves our feelings of homesickness.
(5) How do you understand the last sentence of this article “It’s food for the soul.”
We usually associate food with something our bodies need—it relieves our hunger and satisfies our appetite. However, comfort food not only serves that purpose, but also makes us feel comfortable mentally and emotionally.
Since comfort food is closely connected with positive personal emotions and happy memories, eating it can lift one’s spirits. Therefore, comfort food is considered to be food for the soul.
B. Building your language
B1. The passage below is about a different kind of comfort plete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
greedily emotion link cry out for
mood dessert relieve do the trick
When we are in low spirits, we may (1) __________ things that give us comfort and a sense of security. Since it brings back happy memories of the past or offers an opportunity to connect with our home culture, comfort food can often (2) ___________. However, there is another type of comfort food, which generates positive (3) _________ in a different way.
cry out for
do the trick
emotions
Food high in calories may also make us feel better. As (4) ________ like cakes are digested, blood sugar levels can go up quickly. As a result, we will be in a better (5) ______ after eating the comfort food. However, the sharp increase in blood sugar will cause the body to produce a special chemical to remove it.
desserts
mood
When the chemical lowers blood sugar levels, we are likely to feel sad again and will (6) ________ eat more comfort food. There is then the danger of entering a cycle of highs and lows(起起落落;快乐和痛苦;成功和失败) where more and more comfort food, high in carbohydrates, needs to be eaten. This (7) __________________ with health problems like being overweight.
greedily
is/has been linked
Comfort food is an important tool in helping us (8) _______ tension and feel good about ourselves. However, be aware of the hidden dangers of high-calorie comfort food!
relieve
Answer two questions.
(1) What type of comfort food is talked about in the passage
This passage talks about a different type of comfort food—food high in calories.
(2) What are the hidden dangers of this type of comfort food
Food high in calories increases the blood sugar level quickly, which causes the body to produce a special chemical to remove it. When the chemical lowers the blood sugar level, the eater is likely to feel sad again and eat more of the food.
This creates a never-ending(永无止境的；没完没了的) cycle of unhealthy eating. The hidden danger of this type of comfort food is that even though it helps relieve our tension and makes us feel good, it also harms our body.
3. Explain the term “comfort food” based on the article in Reading part
and the B1 passage.
Comfort food, in a broad sense, refers to any food that makes people feel better when they are unwell or in low spirits. One kind of comfort food can bring back our happy memories of the past or offer an opportunity to connect with our home culture.
Another type of comfort food, which is high in calories, can generate positive emotions by making the blood sugar level increase quickly, thus harming the body.
bring sth back
A. 使回忆起；使想起
The photographs brought back many pleasant memories.
那些照片给人带来很多美好的回忆。
B. 恢复；重新使用,=reintroduce
Most people are against bringing back the death penalty.
大多数人反对恢复死刑。
bring sb/sth back把…送回；归还
Please bring back all library books by the end of the week.
请在周末前把图书馆的书全部归还。
He brought me back (= gave me a ride home) in his car.
他用车把我送回家。
bring sb sth back | bring sth back (for sb)（给…）带回
I brought a T-shirt back for Mark.
我给马克带回来一件T恤衫。
B2. The article uses several phrasal verbs with “plete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs in the left box. There are two phrasal verbs you do NOT need to use. Then think of more phrasal verbs with “up”.
cheer up （使）变得更高兴，振奋起来
make up for 弥补；补偿
give up投降；认输；放弃
take up继续；接下去;占用（时间）；占据（空间）;将（衣服等）改短; （尤指为消遣）学着做，开始做;开始从事;继续（他人未完成的事）；接着讲（以前提过的事）;进入，占据（位置）;接受（建议或能得到的东西）
keep up（天气）持续不变;使某人熬夜（或开夜车、不睡觉）;使某事物保持在高水平;使某事物保持（在同一水平，通常指高水平）;使处于高水平；使不低落;沿用（或沿袭、保持）某事物; 保养，维护（房屋、花园等）
show up 如约赶到；出现；露面; （使）看得见，变得明显，显现出来; （因举止不妥而）使人难堪，使人尴尬，使人丢脸
set up建起；设立；设置;安装好，装配好，调试好（设备或机器）;安排；策划;创建；建立；开办; 引发；产生;资助，经济上扶植（某人）; 使更健康（或强壮、活泼等）;诬陷，冤枉（某人）；栽赃
1. I find it hard to _________ my energy right after lunch.
2. I waited for half an hour, but he never __________.
3. Let’s help _______ the stage for the show.
4. Have you __________ any new hobbies recently
5. The good days can ______________ the bad ones.
keep up
showed up
set up
taken up
make up for
Find all phrasal verbs with “up” in the magazine article and then
explain their meanings correctly.
It often makes up for bad feelings by helping us recall happy memories of the people, things or places we love.
to make a bad situation better
If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions.
For example, we often connect chicken soup with a happy childhood and its flavour becomes tied up with the feeling of being taken care of.
to develop into an adult
to connect or link something to something else
When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after, and this cheers us up.
It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.
to become more cheerful
to stop doing or having something
B3. The article uses different phrases to express “to make sb think of sth” and “to make sb feel better”. Find these expressions in the article and improve the sentences below by varying
the language.
Learn this: It is important to vary your language in your writing so that readers do not get bored. To achieve this, you can use words and phrases with similar meanings.
Breakfast is an important meal and what people eat for breakfast is quite different. People from different places and with different eating habits tend to eat different things for breakfast.
Breakfast is an important meal but what people eat for breakfast is highly individual. People tend to eat different things for breakfast, depending on where they come from and what eating habits they have.
To make somebody think of something:
transporting me back to,
calls to mind,
unlock memories of,
takes us back to
To make somebody feel better:
lift my spirits,
makes up for bad feelings,
cheers us up,
relieving feelings of
迁移创新
1. Answer the last two questions of A3 on page 4.
2) What foods can remind you of your happy memories Describe the memories they recall.
For me, childhood is inseparably(密不可分地)[ n'sepr bl ] connected with the taste of tanghulu, a snack of sugar-coated(包有糖衣的;裹糖的) hawthorn berries(山楂浆果) on a bamboo stick. My dad used to bring me all sorts of snacks when he came back home from work, but tanghulu is by far my favourite. Even now, the mere taste of this treat recalls the warmth of his bear
hugs. Whenever I miss home, I treat myself to a stick of tanghulu. It’s my secret cure for homesickness and it works every time.
3) In your opinion, is there any difference between one’s comfort food and favourite food Give your reasons.
I think people’s favourite food and comfort food are different in two ways. First, people’s favourite food can come and go, while their comfort food often remains the same. Second, people’s favourite food often connects with satisfying their hunger, while comfort food usually connects with memories from their childhood.
Work in pairs to discuss the following questions.
(1) What is the author’s purpose for writing this article
The author wants to point out that food is not only useful for keeping us alive and healthy, but in the form of comfort food, it also benefits us emotionally by lifting our spirits and soothing(安抚;抚慰;使平静)our soul.
(2) What other functions does food have
Food is a big part of our history and culture. For example, zongzi reminds us of the historical story of Qu Yuan, which has been passed down through generations. The food we eat also teaches us more about the important values in our culture.
We eat jiaozi during the Spring Festival, and have mooncakes at the Mid-Autumn Festival, which represents the joint( 联合的；共同的) family values we share.
Discuss in pairs the following question.
There is an English saying—you are what you eat. What is your understanding of this saying
The food we eat impacts on our health directly. If we eat healthy food, we will be healthy, and we will be unhealthy if we constantly eat processed foods like junk food. Our food choices are often reflected in how we look too—our skin may not be clear or we may become overweight if we eat unhealthily, so eating freshly(刚刚，新近) prepared local and seasonal foods are better for keeping us healthy and looking good.(共34张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件
Unit 3 Food matters
Welcome to the unit
Food is as fundamental to man as the people are to the state.
—Chen Shou
这句名人名言出自史学家陈寿的《三国志》，意为：
这句话说明了食物在人们生活中发挥着重要的作用。
“国以民为本，民以食为天。”
单元概述
主题语境：“人与社会”，
话 题： “饮食文化”，
语篇类型：视频、杂志文章、博客文章、食谱等。
教学意图：帮助学生认识饮食文化
在跨文化交际中的重要性，并引导学生学会通过饮食了解不同地域或国家的文化。
单元教学内容
语言知识
语音知识：
正确朗读不同国家食物的英文名称。
词汇知识：
1. 单词和短语
mood, combination, creamy, flavour, greedily, gently, dessert, association,
vary, link, emotion, saucer, *vinegar, native, salty, sour, relieve, bond, security, generate, calorie, digest, lower, cycle, enhance, boil, fry, steak, pan, impress, buffet, bay, scenery, bet, atmosphere, version, filling,elderly, bake, flour, adorable, mild,*tiramisu, bakery,*layer, cheese, bitter, cream, *ingredient, loose, *chilli, pepper, onion, damp, foggy, dynasty,expand, multiple, *sauce, plain, slice, chef, property, appropriate,estimate,
consume, *Cantonese, *dim sum, essential, innovation, concept, stimulate, appetite, delicate, emphasis, steam, gram, cabbage, wrapper,mixture, edge, apart
do the trick, cry out for, throw oneself into, out of this world,let something loose, Sichuan pepper, spring onion, hit the spot, fall apart
2. 词汇拓展
掌握包含 up 的短语动词。
语法知识：
理解并掌握动词不定式做主语和表语的用法及其功能，并学会在具体语境中正确运用。
语篇知识：
1. 学习说明文的结构特征和语言特色。
2. 辨识和分析博客文章的写作风格和主要语言特色。
语用知识：
1. 在介绍美食时能准确运用语言描述其特征。
2. 在和同伴谈论美食时会使用反问句来强调自己的感受和态度。
文化知识
1. 了解世界各地的代表性食物及其相关饮食文化。
2. 了解治愈系食物背后的文化因素。
3. 了解我国众多地方传统美食的历史渊源，感受我国多元的饮食文
化，增强文化意识和民族自豪感。
语言技能
听：
能从听力材料中获取校园美食节的有关信息，并完成相关任务。
说
1. 能用英语介绍中国具有代表性的食物。
2. 能与同伴交流谈论自己最喜爱的食物。
3. 能向外国游客介绍自己家乡的特色美食。
· 读
1. 能把握说明文的文体特征和语言特点。
2. 能识别、理解下定义的写作手法。
3. 能读懂介绍月饼和提拉米苏的文章，体会感官细节描写的手法特
征和作用。
4. 能掌握美食博客文章的文体特征和写作手法，感受博大精深的中
华美食文化。
看
在观看介绍世界各地不同美食的视频时，能理解图像、声音、色彩
等非文字手段所传达的意义。
写
1. 能用不同表述表达相同含义，增加表达方法的多样性。
2. 能根据介绍中国美食的博客文章完成概要写作。
3. 能用学到的食物的描述方法写一篇文章，介绍自己最喜爱的食物。
学习策略
元认知策略
能通过图书馆、互联网等渠道获取更多与饮食文化相关的学习资源，并学会有意识地注意和积累与饮食文化有关的英文表达。
· 认知策略
能根据语篇类型和特点，判断篇章的大概内容和作者的写作意图。
交际策略
在就“饮食文化”这一话题进行交流时，能自我监控和调整语言的正确性和得体性，并能通过非语言手段提高交际效果。
情感策略
能通过了解不同地域的饮食文化，保持对英语学习的兴趣，提高对英语学习的热情。
单元目标
1. 认识饮食背后的文化因素，学习和理解不同的饮食文化，增强文化意识。
2. 理解动词不定式做主语和表语的功能特点，并能在具体语境中正确理解和使用。
3. 写一篇文章，介绍自己最喜爱的美食，并能运用感官细节的描写手法。
4. 介绍具有中国特色的美食，并能描述其背后的文化历史渊源。
5. 小组合作制作一道美食，并记录其全部过程。
In this unit, we are going to:
read a magazine article about comfort food;
write an article about your favourite food;
read three blog entries about some traditional Chinese foods;
make a dish.
Welcome to the unit
◆ 内容分析
本板块话题是“不同国家的特色美食”，教学活动通过多模态语篇 — 视频，介绍了英国、日本、墨西哥和意大利四个国家的特色美食。了解异域美食、讨论我国的传统美食，可以激发学生进一步探究“饮食文化”这一话题的兴趣，为单元学习做准备。
◆ 教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. describe the typical food of the four countries mentioned in the video;
2. explain which of the dishes we would like to try most;
3. introduce a typical Chinese food in our eyes.
Talk about the topic of food by answering the following two questions.
(1) Can you guess what this unit will talk about according to its title
The title of this unit is “Food matters”. I think this unit will be about food. It is likely that we will learn about different types of foods from different countries or areas.
(2) What does the quotation from Chen Shou mean
From my point of view, the quotation indicates that the importance of food to people is comparable [ k mp r bl] (类似的；可比较的) to the importance of people to their countries. People cannot live without food and a country cannot exist without its people.
Watch the video and fill in the blanks on page 1.
Each country has its typical food. Watch the video and finish the following exercises.
Fish and chips(炸鱼加土豆条；炸鱼薯条) from the UK consists of deep-fried(油炸的) fish and ___________ chips.
fat golden
Sushi [ su: i][寿司(日本食物，小饼状冷米饭配生鱼片等)] from Japan comes in _________________ and is very popular partly because of its freshness and convenience.
A taco [ t k ][墨西哥煎玉米粉卷(以肉、豆等作馅)], a traditional Mexican dish, is made up of a _____ or wheat pancake rolled around a filling.
all shapes and sizes
corn
Pasta [ p st ](意大利面食) from Italy is typically made from flour, water and sometimes ______.
Watch the video again and then fill in the following table.
eggs
Fish and chips Sushi
Country The UK Japan
Made up of/ Made from deep-fried fish and fat golden chips
Served with
Ways of serving
Reason for popularity Not mentioned. It is fresh,
convenient and
healthy.
salt and vinegar,
or sauces
traditionally wrapped in
newspaper; now in clean
white paper or a small paper
box
sticky rice
seafood, eggs
and vegetables
served in a “roll”
of seaweed
Tacos Pasta
Country Mexico Italy
Made up of/ Made from a corn or wheat pancake rolled around a filling flour, water and
sometimes eggs
Served with
Ways of serving Not mentioned. Not mentioned.
Reason for popularity
beef, chicken, seafood,
vegetables and cheese
They are easy to hold
and relatively quick to
eat.
meat, seafood,onions,
tomatoes and
mushrooms
There are plenty of
Inventive ways to
prepare pasta.
Describe the four countries’ typical food in our own words based on the table above.
Fish and chips is a popular takeaway(外卖食品)meal in the UK, which is made up of deep-fried fish and fat golden chips, usually served with salt, vinegar or sauces. In the past, it was wrapped in newspaper, but now it is often served in clean white paper or a small paper box.
Answer the two questions on page
1. Which of the dishes in the video would you like to try most Why
I want to try the Japanese sushi most. It looks colourful and delicious.
2. What do you think is the most typical Chinese food
I think the most typical Chinese food is baozi, a type of steamed bun(圆面包). It has different fillings, including meat and vegetables. Chinese people usually have baozi for breakfast, together with soya [ s ] milk(豆浆).
Video script
Narrator: The UK’s favourite takeaway meal is of course fish and chips. It consists of deep-fried fish and fat golden chips, and is often served with salt and vinegar,or sauces. The best place to find fish and chips is small local restaurants or food trucks, particularly in seaside towns. The dish became widespread when new railways made it easier to bring fresh
fish to industrial cities in the second half of the 19th century. The dish was traditionally wrapped in newspaper, but nowadays it comes in clean white paper or a small paper box.
Sushi is a Japanese dish that enjoys great popularity both in and outside Japan.The key to this Japanese dish is its sticky rice, and it can be topped(覆盖;放在…的上面) or filled with a wide variety of other ingredients, especially seafood, eggs and vegetables.
Sushi comes in all shapes and sizes and is often served in a “roll” of seaweed.
Part of sushi’s popularity comes from its freshness and the ease(容易；轻易；不费劲) with which it can be eaten as a quick snack. This makes it a great choice for school students and office workers who want a convenient and healthy lunch.
A taco is a traditional Mexican dish made up of a corn or wheat pancake rolled
around a filling. With stands normally offering a broad range of ingredients
such as beef, chicken, seafood, vegetables and cheese, you are sure to find a taco filling to your taste. Tacos are the most well-known street food in Mexico. Easy to hold and relatively quick to eat, they are particularly popular among sightseers—perfect for relieving hunger on the go(十分活跃；非常忙碌).
Pasta, a speciality [ spe i l ti] of Italy, is typically made from flour, water and sometimes eggs, and comes in many different shapes. Pasta can be paired(使配对；使配成搭档) with almost anything—some common additions(增加物；添加物) include meat, seafood, onions, tomatoes and mushrooms.
There are also plenty of inventive ways to prepare pasta—with a sauce, in a soup, or as part of a baked dish. No wonder it is popular all around the world.(共237张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件
Unit 3 Food matters
Words
1. mood|mu:d| n.
A. [C] 情绪；心情
She's in a good mood today (= happy and friendly) .
她今天心情很好。
He’s always in a bad mood (= unhappy, or angry and impatient) .他总是情绪不好。
I'm just not in the mood for a party tonight.我今晚就是没心情参加聚会。
He was in no mood for being polite to visitors.他当时没心思以礼待客。
B. [C] 坏心境；坏脾气
I wonder why he's in such a mood today.
我不知道他为什么今天脾气这么坏。
She was in one of her moods.
她又闹情绪了。
C. [单数] 气氛；氛围
The mood of the meeting was distinctly pessimistic.
这次会议的气氛显然很悲观。
D. [C](语法) （动词的）语气
2. combination| k mb ne n; 美 kɑ:m-|
A. [C] 结合体；联合体；混合体
His treatment was a combination of surgery, radiation and drugs.
对他的治疗是把手术、放射和药物治疗结合为一体。
Technology and good management. That's a winning combination.
技术加良好的管理，这是取胜的组合。
B. [U] 结合；联合；混合
These paints can be used individually or in combination.
这些涂料可单独或混合使用。
C. [C] （用于开密码锁的）数码组合，字码组合
I can't remember the combination.
我不记得密码锁的数码组合了。
combine |k m ba n|
1)v.
A. ~ (sth) (with sth) | ~ A and B (together) （使）结合，组合，联合，混合
B. vt. ~ A and/with B 兼有；兼备；使融合（或并存）
The hotel combines comfort with convenience.
这家旅馆既舒适又方便。
We are still looking for someone who combines all the necessary qualities.我们仍在寻觅兼备所有必要才能的人选。
C. vt. ~ A and/with B 同时做（两件或以上的事）；兼做；兼办
She has successfully combined a career and bringing up a family.
她成功地兼顾了事业和抚养子女。
D. 合并；协力
the combined effects of the two drugs两种药物的复合疗效
You should try to combine exercise with a healthy diet.
你应该把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。
It took the combined efforts of both the press and the public to bring about a change in the law.这项法律的变更来自媒体和公众的通力合作。
3. do the trick(informal) 奏效；起作用；达到目的
I don't know what it was that did the trick, but I am definitely feeling much better.我不知道是什么起的作用，但是我确实觉得好多了。
trick|tr k|
1)n.诡计；花招；骗局；把戏;
引起错觉（或记忆紊乱）的事物;戏法；技巧；诀窍；窍门
every trick in the book
无所不用其极；浑身解数
have a trick, some more tricks, etc. up your sleeve
袖藏玄机；胸有成竹；自有锦囊妙计
trick or treat是请吃糖，还是想遭殃（万圣节时儿童挨家索要糖果用语，扬言若不给糖就捣乱戏弄别人）
2)vt. 欺骗；欺诈
trick sb into sth/into doing sth
诱使某人做某事
trick sb out of sth
从某人处骗走某物
3)adj.[只用于名词前] 　
A. 为欺骗的；使人产生错觉的
It was a trick question .
那是个容易使人上当的问题。
B. (North Amercian English) (身体部位) 虚弱有毛病的
4. creamy| kri:mi|adj.(creamier, creamiest)
A. 像奶油的；光滑细腻的；含乳脂的
a creamy sauce/soup
奶油调味汁 / 汤羹
B. 奶油色的；淡黄色的；米色的
creamy skin淡黄色的皮肤
-y
A. ( also -ey) (构成形容词) 充满…的；有…特性的
dusty积满灰尘的
B. (构成形容词) 有…倾向的
sticky黏性的
C. (构成名词) …的动作（或过程）
inquiry询问
D. ( also -ie) (构成名词，表示喜爱)
doggy小狗 daddy爸爸
cream|kri:m|
1)n.
A. [U] 奶油；乳脂
B. [C] (构成复合词) 奶油夹心糖
C. 护肤霜；洁净剂；清洗液
hand cream护手 霜
D. [U] 奶油色；淡黄色；米色
E. the ~ of sth 精英；精华；精髓
the cream of New York society
纽约社会的精英
2)adj. 奶油色的；淡黄色的；米色的
3)vt.
A. 把…搅成糊状（或奶油状）混合物
Cream the butter and sugar together.
把黄油和糖搅成糊状。
B. (North Amercian English,informal) 彻底打败；狠揍
We got creamed in the first round.
我们在第一轮就被彻底打败了。
cream sb/sth off
提取（精华）；选取（最好的人或物）；取走（某数额的金钱）
The best students were creamed off by the grammar schools.
最好的学生都已被文法学校录取。
5. flavour| fle v (r)|
1)n.
A. [U] （食物或饮料的）味道,=taste
The tomatoes give extra flavour to the sauce.番茄使调味汁别有风味。
B.[C] （某种）味道
This yogurt comes in ten different flavours.
这种酸奶有十种不同的味道。
C. [单数] 特点；特色；气氛
Foreign visitors help to give a truly international flavour to the occasion.
外国客人使这个场合显出一种真正国际性的气氛。
D. [单数] a/the ~ of sth 像…的想法
I have tried to convey something of the flavour of the argument.
我试图表达某种类似论据的东西。
E. (计) 衍生系统
flavour of the month(especially British English) 风靡一时的人（或事物）
2. vt. ~ sth (with sth) 给（食物或饮料）调味；加味于
season sth (with sth) 加调料调味；加作料
6. greedily | ɡri d li| adv. 贪婪地，贪心地
She ate noisily and greedily.
她吧嗒着嘴狼吞虎咽地吃。
greedy| gri:di|adj. (greedier, greediest)
~ (for sth) 贪婪的；贪心的；贪吃的；渴望的
You greedy pig! You've already had two helpings!
你这个馋嘴！你已经吃了两份了！
He stared at the diamonds with greedy eyes.
他眼巴巴地盯着这些钻石。
greedy guts(British English,informal) 贪吃的家伙
7. gently| d entli|adv.
A. 温柔地；温和地；文静地；和缓地
‘You miss them, don't you ’ he asked gently.“你想念他们，是吗？”他温和地问道。
She held the baby gently.
她轻轻地抱着孩子。
The path ran gently down to the sea.
这条小路平缓地向大海延伸。
B. Gently! (British English,informal) 注意点；小心点；慢点
Gently! You'll hurt the poor thing!
小心点，你会弄痛这可怜的家伙的！
Don't go too fast ─gently does it!
别太快——慢点吧！
-ly
A. (构成副词) 以…方式
happily幸福地
B. (构成形容词) 具有…性质
scholarly学者型的
C. (构成形容词和副词) 每隔…时间
hourly每小时
daily每天
gentle| d entl| adj.
(gentler | d entl (r)|, gentlest | d entl st|)
A. 文静的；慈祥的；温柔的；小心的
a quiet and gentle man
温文尔雅的男士
a gentle voice/laugh/touch
温柔的声音 / 笑声 / 触摸
Be gentle with her!待她温柔些！
B. (天气、温度等) 温和的；徐缓的
a gentle breeze和风
Cook over a gentle heat.要用文火煮。
C. 平和的；柔和的
This soap is very gentle on the hands.这肥皂擦在手上非常柔和。
D. 平缓的
a gentle slope/curve/angle
平缓的斜坡 / 弯道 / 角度
8. dessert|d z :t; 美 d z :rt|
（饭后）甜点，甜食
desert
1)n.| dez t; 美 dez rt|沙漠；荒漠；荒原
2.v.
A. vt. 抛弃，离弃，遗弃（某人）,=abandon
B. vt.[常用被动态] 舍弃，离弃（某地方）,=abandon
C. 擅离（部队）；逃走；开小差
D. vt. 废弃；放弃；撇下不管
E. vt. 背离；使失望
Her courage seemed to desert her for a moment.
她一时间似乎失去了勇气。
9. association| s i e n; -si e -; 美 so -| n.
A. [C+单数/复数 动词] (abbr. Assoc.) 协会；社团；联盟,=organization
Do you belong to any professional or trade associations
你参加了专业学会或行业协会没有？
B. ~ (with sb/sth) 联合；合伙；关联；交往
The book was published in association with (= together with) British Heritage.这本书是与英国传统出版社联合出版的。
C. [C, 常用复数] 联想；联系
The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me.海滨使我联想起童年假期的各种愉快情景。
D. [C] 因果关系
a proven association between passive smoking and cancer
已被证实的被动吸烟与癌症之间的因果关系
associate| s ie t; -sie t; 美 so -|
1)v.
A. vt. ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) 联想；联系
I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.一闻到烘烤食物的味道我就想起了童年。
B. vi. ~ with sb 交往；（尤指）混在一起,=mix
I don't like you associating with those people.
我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。
C. vt. ~ yourself with sth (formal) 表明支持；表示同意
May I associate myself with the Prime Minister's remarks (= I agree with them)
我可以公开表示赞成首相的话吗？
2)adj. [只用于名词前] 　
A. (常用于头衔) 非正式的；准的；副的
an associate member/director/editor
准会员；副导演 / 主编
B. 联合的；有关联的
an associate company in Japan
在日本的一家联营公司
3)n.
A. 同事；伙伴
business associates业务伙伴
B. ( also Associate) 合伙人
C. Associate (US) 准学士（获得两年制高校学位）
10. vary| ve ri; 美 veri; v ri| v.
(varying, varied, varied)
A. vi. ~ (in sth) (一组类似的事物) （大小、形状等）相异，不同，有别,=differ
The students’ work varies considerably in quality.
学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。
B. vi. ~ (with sth) | ~ (from sth to sth) | ~ (between A and B) （根据情况）变化，变更，改变
The menu varies with the season.
菜单随季节而变动。
Prices vary according to the type of room you require.
价格随所要求的户型而有所变化。
Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.
班级的数目从25到30不等。
‘What time do you start work ’ ‘ It varies . ’“你几点钟开始工作？”“没准儿。”
C. vt. 变更；（略做）改变
The job enables me to vary the hours I work.
这项工作使我能够调整工作时间。
varied| ve rid; 美 verid; v r-|adj.
(usually approving) 　
A. 各种各样的；形形色色的；不相同的
B. 变化的；多变的；不同的
He led a full and varied life.
他过着丰富多彩的生活。
variety|v ra ti|(pl. -ies)
A. [单数] ~ (of sth) （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.
有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
B. [U] 变化；多样化；多变性,=diversity
C. [C] ~ (of sth) （植物、语言等的）变种，变体；异体；品种
D. (North American English) [U] 综艺节目（包括歌舞、杂耍等的舞台演出或电视节目）
Variety is the spice of life.(saying) 经历丰富多彩才令生活充满乐趣
various| ve ri s; 美 ver-; v r-| adj.
A. 各种不同的；各种各样的,=diverse
B. (formal) 具有多种特征的；多姿多彩的,=diverse
variable| ve ri bl; 美 ver-; v r-|
1)adj.
A. 多变的；易变的；变化无常的
B. 可更改的；可变的
variant| ve ri nt; 美 ver-; v r-| n.~ (of/on sth) 变种；变体；变形
11. link|l k|
1)v.
A. vt.[常用被动态] ~ A to/with B | ~ A and B (together) 　把（物体、机器、地方等）连接起来,=connect
The video cameras are linked to a powerful computer.这些摄像机是与一台功能强大的计算机相连接的。
When computers are networked, they are linked together so that information can be transferred between them.计算机联网连接，即彼此可互传信息。
B. 联系；相关联
Exposure to ultraviolet [ ltr va l t] light is closely linked to skin cancer.
受紫外线照射与皮肤癌紧密相关。
C. 说明（两件东西或两人之间）有联系（或关系）,=associate
Newspapers have linked his name with the singer.报章报道把他的名字与那名歌手连在一起。
D. 挽住；钩住；套在一起
link up (with sb/sth)（与…）连接，结合；使连接；使结合
The two spacecraft will link up in orbit.
两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上对接。
2)n.
A. ~ (between A and B) 联系；连接
B. ~ (between A and B) | ~ (with sth关系；纽带
Social customs provide a vital link between generations.
社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。
C. 交通路线；通讯手段
D. (计) 链接
To visit similar websites to this one, click on the links at the bottom of the page.要访问与这个网站类似的网站，点击网页底部的链接。
E. （链状物的）环，节，圈
a link in the chain链条中的一个环节；整个过程中的一个阶段
12. emotion| m n; 美 mo n| 强烈的感情；激情；情感；情绪
He lost control of his emotions.
他情绪失去了控制。
Emotions are running high.
群情激奋。
The decision was based on emotion rather than rational thought.
这个决定不是基于理性的思考而是基于感情作出的。
Mary was overcome with emotion.
玛丽激动得不能自持。
emotional | m nl; 美 mo -|
adj.
A. [常用于名词前] 感情的；情感的；情绪的
B. 激起感情的；有感染力的；激动人心的
C.情绪激动的；感情冲动的
emotionally|- n li|adv.
13. saucer| s :s (r)| n.
茶碟；茶托；碟状物
flying saucer飞碟
14. vinegar| v n g (r)|[U] 醋
15. native| ne t v|
1)n.
A. 出生于某国（或某地）的人
a native of New York纽约人
B. 本地人；当地人,=local
You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.
游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。
C. (old-fashioned,offensive) （旧时欧洲人用以称呼先于白人居住在某地的人）土著
D. 本地的动物（或植物）
The kangaroo is a native of Australia.
袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。
2)adj.
A. [只用于名词前] 出生地的；儿时居住地的
Her native language is Korean.
她的母语是朝鲜语。
native speaker说本族语的人
B. [只用于名词前] 本地的；当地的
C. [只用于名词前](sometimes offensive) 土著的；土著人的
D. ~ (to…) (动植物) 原产于某地的；土产的；当地的
The tiger is native to India.
这种虎产于印度。
E. [只用于名词前] 天赋的；与生俱来的
go native(often humorous) (移居异国的人) 入乡随俗；同化
16. salty| s :lti; British English also s lti| adj. (saltier, saltiest)
A. 含盐的；咸的
B. (old-fashioned) (语言或幽默) 有趣的；逗笑的；有趣而略嫌粗俗的
saltiness[U]
She could taste the saltiness of her tears.她尝到了她眼泪的咸味。
salt|s :lt; British English also s lt|
1)n.
A. [U] 盐；食盐
B. [C](化) 盐（金属和酸组成的化学物质）
C. salts [复数] 形状（或味道）像盐的物质
2) adj.[只用于名词前] 含盐的；咸的；用盐腌制的
3)vt.
A. [常用被动态] 在（食物）中放盐
B. ~ sth (down) 用盐腌制（食物）
salted fish咸鱼
C. 把盐撒在路面上（以使冰雪融化）
salt sth away
（通常指以欺瞒手段）秘密贮存
She salted away the profits in foreign bank accounts.
她把利润偷偷存在外国银行的账户上。
17. sour| sa (r)|
1)adj.
A. 酸的；有酸味的
a sour flavour酸味
B. (尤指牛奶) 酸腐的；馊的
to turn/go sour馊了
C. (人) 阴郁的；闷闷不乐的；没好气的
The meeting ended on a sour note with several people walking out.
几个人退席，会议不欢而散。
sourly adv.
‘Who asked you ’ he said sourly.
“谁问你了？”他没好气地说。
go/turn sour变坏；恶化；出毛病
Their relationship soon went sour.
他们的关系很快有了嫌隙。
sour grapes(saying) 酸葡萄（表示某人表面贬低某事物，实则是嫉妒）
He said he didn't want the job anyway, but that's just sour grapes.
他说反正他并不想干这份工作，这不过是吃不着葡萄就说葡萄酸而已。
2)v.
A. (关系、态度、人等) （使）变坏，恶化
The atmosphere at the house soured.
屋子里的气氛不对了。
The disagreement over trade tariffs has soured relations between the two countries.贸易关税上的分歧导致两国关系恶化。
B. （牛奶等）变味，酸腐
18. cry out for sth
(通常用于进行时) 迫切需要
The company is crying out for fresh new talent.
公司急需具有最新理念的人才。
cry out（因伤痛、害怕、惊讶等）大叫，叫喊
to cry out in fear/alarm/pain
害怕╱惊慌╱疼痛得大叫起来
cry out/cry out sth 大声呼喊
She cried out for help.她大声呼救。
She cried out his name.
她大声呼唤着他的名字。
‘Help! ’ he cried out.
“救命啊！”他大声呼叫着。
19. relieve|r li:v| vt.
A. 解除，减轻，缓和（不快或痛苦）
to relieve anxiety/guilt/stress
消除焦虑 / 内疚；缓解压力
Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her.能够最后讲出真话似乎使她感到轻松。
B. 减轻（问题的严重性）；缓和；缓解
efforts to relieve poverty
缓解贫困的努力
B. 调剂；使有趣
We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait.长时间等待实在无聊，我们就打扑克来解闷儿。
The black and white pattern is relieved by tiny coloured flowers.五彩缤纷的小花使得黑白图案不那么单调。
C. 接替；给…换班
You'll be relieved at six o'clock.
六点钟有人来换你的班。
D. 将（城镇从敌人的围困中）解围
E. ~ yourself （去厕所的一种委婉说法）方便，解手
relieve sb of sth
A. 替…拿重物；帮助…减轻（负担）
Let me relieve you of some of your bags.我来帮你拿几个袋子吧。
B. (informal,ironic) 偷窃；窃取
C. 开除；解除…的职务
relief|r li:f| n.
A. [U, 单数] （不快过后的）宽慰，轻松；解脱
We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。
She sighed with relief.她松了口气。
Much to my relief the car was not damaged.
令我非常庆幸的是车并没有损坏。
News of their safety came as a great relief.他们平安的消息给大家带来了巨大的安慰。
It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。
What a relief !可轻松了！
B. [U] ~ (from/of sth) （焦虑、痛苦等的）减轻，消除，缓和
C. [U] （给灾区或交战地区人民提供的）救济，救援物品,=aid
D. [U](especially North American English) 救济金
E. [U] = tax relief 税款减免
F. [U, 单数] ~ (from sth) （暂时替代单调乏味事物的）调剂，轻松场面
G. [C+单数/复数 动词] (常用作形容词替班者；接替人；换班者
H. [单数] ~ of… 被困城镇等的）解困，解围
I. 浮雕；浮雕法；浮雕作品
J. [U] （光和色彩等产生的）醒目效果；醒目；光彩夺目
K. [U] 突出的品质；令人注目的特征
20. bond|b nd; 美 bɑ:nd|
1)n.
A. [C] ~ (between A and B) 纽带；联系；关系；契合
The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries.
协议加强了两国间的联系。
B. [C] 债券；公债
C. [U](律,especially North American English) 保释金
He was released on $5 000 bond.
他以5 000元取保释放。
D. [C] ( also mortgage bond) (South African English) 按揭贷款协议；按揭贷款
We had to take out a second bond on the property.
我们得申请第二按揭以购买这个房产。
E. bonds [复数](formal) 捆绑犯人的绳索（或镣铐）；羁绊；桎梏
F. [C](formal) 书面的法律协定（或承诺）
G. [C] 连接；结合
a firm bond between the two surfaces两个面之间的牢固接合
H. [C] 键合；键
2)v.
A. ~ (A and B) (together) | ~ (A) to B 使牢固结合；把…紧紧地连接到
It cannot be used to bond wood to metal.这不能把木料粘贴在金属上。
B. ~ (with sb) 增强（与某人的）信任关系；建立（与某人的）互信关系
Mothers who are depressed sometimes fail to bond with their children.患忧郁症的母亲有时无法和孩子建立亲子关系。
21. security|s kj r ti; 美 s kj r-|(pl. -ies)
A. [U] 保护措施；安全工作
They carried out security checks at the airport.他们在机场实行了安全检查。
B. [U+单数/复数 动词] 保卫部门；保安部门
Security was/were called to the incident.保安人员被叫到事发现场。
C. [U] 担保；保证
Job security is a thing of the past.
稳定的工作是过去的事了。
D. [U] 安全；平安
E. 抵押品
His home and business are being held as security for the loan.他是以房子和店铺为抵押得到这笔贷款的。
F. securities [复数](财)证券
secure|s kj (r); 美 s kj r|
1)adj.
A. 安心的；有把握的
B. 可靠的；牢靠的；稳固的,=safe
C. ~ (against/from sth) 安全的；稳妥的
D. 严密把守的；牢固的；坚固的
E. 牢固的；稳固的；坚固的,=stable
2)v.
A. ~ sth (for sb/sth) | ~ sb sth (formal) （尤指经过努力）获得，取得，实现
He secured a place for himself at law school.他在法学院取得了学籍。
He secured himself a place at law school.他取得了法学院的学籍。
B. vt. ~ sth (to sth) 拴牢；扣紧；关严
C.vt. ~ sth (against sth) 保护；保卫；使安全
D.vt. 抵押
a loan secured on the house
以房子作抵押的贷款
22. generate| d en re t| vt.
to produce or create sth 产生；引起
to generate electricity/heat/power
发电；产生热 / 动力
to generate income/profit
产生收益 / 利润
We need someone to generate new ideas.我们需要有人出新主意。
The proposal has generated a lot of interest.这项建议引起众多的关注。
generation| d en re n| n.
A.[C+单数/复数 动词] （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人
I often wonder what future generations will make of our efforts.
我常常想：后代将怎样评价我们所作出的努力。
B. [C] 代，一代，一辈（通常认为大约30年）
C. （家史中的）一代，一辈
D. [C, 常用单数形式] 一批，一届（从事特定活动的同龄人）
E. [C, 常用单数形式] （产品发展，尤指技术方面的）代
F. [U] （尤指电、热等的）产生
methods of income generation
产生收益的方法
generational| d en re nl|adj. [常用于名词前] 一代的；代与代之间的
23. calorie| k l ri| n.
A. 大卡，千卡（测量食物含热量的单位）
No sugar for me, thanks─I'm counting my calories .我不要糖，谢谢。我在控制摄取的热量。
a low-calorie drink/diet
低热量的饮料 / 饮食
B. (术语) 卡，卡路里（热量单位，或一克水升高1摄氏度时所需要的热量）
24. digest|da d est; d -|
1)v.
A. 消化
You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest.
饭后你应该留点时间让食物消化。
B. vt. 领会；领悟；理解
He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.他停了一会儿，等她慢慢领会这一信息。
2)n. 摘要；概要；文摘；汇编
a monthly news digest
每月新闻摘要
digestion|da d est n; d -| n.
A.[U] 消化
B. [C, 常用单数形式] 消化能力
to have a good/poor digestion
消化能力强 / 弱
digestive|da d est v; d -|adj.
[只用于名词前] 消化的；和消化有关的
25. lower| l (r); 美 lo -|
1)v.
A. 把…放低；使…降下
He had to lower his head to get through the door.
他得低头才能过这道门。
反义词：raise
B. 减少；缩小；降低
He lowered his voice to a whisper.
他压低了声音悄悄地说。
This drug is used to lower blood pressure.这种药用于降血压。
Her voice lowered as she spoke.
她一边说一边压低了嗓音。
反义词： raise
lower yourself (by doing sth)
(通常用于否定句) 降低自己的身份；自贬人格
I wouldn't lower myself by working for him.
我不会贬低自己的身份去为他工作。
2)adj. [只用于名词前] 　
A. （尤指位于同类物品或成对物品中另一个的）下面的，下方的
His lower lip trembled.
他的下唇在颤抖。
B. 在底部的；近底部的
C. (地方) 朝海岸的；低洼的；向南的
the lower reaches of the Nile
尼罗河的下游
反义词： upper
3)vi. | la (r)|(literary) (天空或云) 变昏暗；变恶劣；变阴沉
26. cycle| sa kl|
1)n.
A. 自行车；摩托车
We went for a cycle ride on Sunday.
我们星期天骑自行车去兜风了。
B. 循环
the cycle of the seasons四季的循环
life cycle 生命周期，生活周期（生物发展过程的系列变形）;寿命（产品等从开发到使用完毕的一段时间）
C. 整套，整个系列（如机器的运转）
eight cycles per second
每秒转动八次
2)vi., [~ + 副词或介词短语](especially British English) 骑自行车；骑自行车旅行
I usually cycle home through the park.
我通常骑自行车穿过公园回家。
cyclist| sa kl st|n. 骑自行车的人
cycling| sa kl |
[U] 骑自行车运动（或活动）
to go cycling去骑自行车
Cycling is Europe's second most popular sport.骑自行车是欧洲第二流行的体育运动。
27. enhance| n hɑ:ns; 美 - h ns| vt. 提高；增强；增进
This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company.
这是提高公司声誉的机会。
enhanced adj.
enhanced efficiency提高了的效率
enhancement
28. throw yourself/sth into sth
投身于；热衷于；积极从事
In the last few weeks, I’ve thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying
steak in the pan.在过去的几周里，我全身心地投入到家常菜中，从煮面条到煎牛排。
29. boil|b l|
1)v.
A. （使）沸腾；煮沸；烧开
Boil plenty of salted water, then add the spaghetti [sp ɡeti] .把足量的盐水烧开，再放入意大利面条。
B. （把壶、锅等）里面的水烧开
I’ll boil the kettle and make some tea.
我来烧壶开水泡点茶。
The kettle‘s boiling.壶开了。
She left the gas on by mistake and the pan boiled dry.
她忘了关煤气，结果把锅烧干了。
C. 用沸水煮（或烫洗）；被煮（或烫洗）
She put some potatoes on to boil.
她煮了些土豆。
D. vi. 怒火中烧；异常气愤
He was boiling with rage.他怒不可遏。
boil sth down (to sth)概括；归纳；压缩
The original speech I had written got boiled down to about ten minutes.
我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。
boil down to sth(不用于进行时) (局势、问题等) 归结为；基本问题是
In the end, what it all boils down to is money, or the lack of it.
问题的症结是钱，或者说是缺钱。
2)n.
A. [单数] 沸腾；沸点
B. [C] 疖；皮下脓肿；黄水疮
off the boil(British English) 不如以前
The second series of the show really went off the boil.
节目的续集的确逊色一些。
on the boil十分活跃；如火如荼
We have several projects all on the boil at once.
我们热火朝天地同时上马了几个项目。
30. fry|fra |
1)v. (fries, frying, fried, fried)
A. 油炸；油煎；油炒
fried fish炸鱼
the smell of bacon frying
煎熏咸肉的气味
B. vi.(informal) （被阳光）灼伤，晒伤
You'll fry on the beach if you're not careful.
若在海滩上不小心会被太阳灼伤的。
2)n.
A. [复数] 鱼苗；鱼秧子
B. [C] (especially North American English) (usually fries [复数]) = chip n. (3)
Would you like ketchup with your fries 你吃炸薯条要番茄酱吗？
31. steak|ste k| n.
A. ( also less frequent beefsteak) [不可数名词, 可数名词] 牛排
How would you like your steak done
您要求您的牛排做到几成熟？
B. 肉排；肉块
pork steak猪排
C. [U] (常构成复合词) 碎牛肉（不是最佳部位，常剁碎出售，可以炖或做馅等）
D. [C] 鱼排；鱼块
32. pan |p n|
1)n.
A. 平锅；平底锅
pots and pans锅碗瓢盆
B. 一锅的量
C. (North Amercian English) = tin (5)
a cake pan蛋糕烤盘
D. （天平的）秤盘
E. (British English) 马桶
go down the pan(British English,informal) 被浪费；被糟蹋
That's another brilliant idea down the pan.又一个好主意玩儿完了！
2)v. (-nn-)
A. vt.[常用被动态](informal) 严厉批评，抨击（戏剧、电影等）
B. （移动摄像机）追拍，摇摄
The camera panned back to the audience.摄像机摇回拍摄观众。
He panned the camera along the row of faces.
他移动摄像机顺着这一排面孔拍摄。
C. ~ (for sth) （用淘选盘）淘洗；淘（金）
pan out(informal) (事情或局面) 以一定方式发展
I'm happy with the way things have panned out.
我对事情的发展感到很满意。
33. impress| m pres| v.
A. ~ sb (with sth/sb) 使钦佩；使敬仰；给…留下深刻的好印象
We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them impressed us.我们和数名申请人进行了面谈，但都没有给我们留下什么印象。
He impressed her with his sincerity.
他的真诚打动了她。
His sincerity impressed her.
他的真诚打动了她。
The Grand Canyon never fails to impress.
大峡谷永远让人叹为观止。
It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。
B. vt. ~ sth on/upon sb (formal) 使意识到（重要性或严重性等）
He impressed on us the need for immediate action.
他让我们认识到立刻采取行动的必要。
C. vt. ~ sth/itself on/upon sth (formal) 使铭记；给…留下深刻印象
Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
她的话语我铭记在心里。
impression| m pre n|n.
A. ~ (of sb/sth) | ~ (that…) 印象；感想
My first impression of him was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错。
I did not get the impression that they were unhappy about the situation.
我并不觉得他们不满于当时的状况。
B. ~ (on sb) 影响；效果
His trip to India made a strong impression on him.
他的印度之行对他的触动很大。
My words made no impression on her.我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。
C. 印象画
D. ~ (of sb) （对某人举止言谈的）滑稽模仿
He did his impression of Tom Hanks.
他滑稽地模仿了汤姆·汉克斯。
E. （虚假的）外观；假象
F. 压痕
G. 重印本；印次
(be) under the impression that…
以为…；（通常指）误认为…
I was under the impression that the work had already been completed.
我还以为已经完工了呢。
impressive| m pres v| adj.
(事物或人) 令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的
impressed| m prest| adj.
~ (by/with sb/sth) （对…）钦佩，敬仰，有深刻的好印象
We were all impressed by her enthusiasm.
我们都被她的热情打动了。
34. buffet | b fe ; b fe ; 美 b fe | n.
A. 自助餐
Dinner will be a cold buffet, not a sit-down meal.
主餐是自助冷食，不是坐着等服务员送来的那种。
B. （火车）饮食柜台；（车站）快餐部
C. (British English) = buffet car（火车）餐车
D. (especially North American English) = sideboard (1)餐具柜
buffet| b f t| vt. [常用被动态] 对…打来打去；将…推来搡去
to be buffeted by the wind
被风吹得左右摇摆
(figurative,formal)The nation had been buffeted by a wave of strikes.
罢工浪潮使这个国家受到了重创。
35. bay|be | n.
A. [C] （海或湖的）湾
a magnificent view across the bay
海湾对面的壮观景象
B. [C] 分隔间（户外或室内的，用以停放车辆、存放货物等）
a parking/loading bay停车位；装货区
Put the equipment in No 3 bay.
把设备放在3号仓房。
36. scenery| si:n ri| [U] 　
A. 风景；景色；风光
The scenery is magnificent.
景色壮丽。
to enjoy the scenery欣赏风景
B. 舞台布景
scene|si:n| n.
A. [C, 常用单数形式] ~ (of sth) （尤指不愉快事件发生的）地点，现场
B. [C] ~ (of sth) 事件；场面；情景
C. [C] 场面；片段；镜头
D. [C] （戏剧或歌剧的）场
E. the scene, the… scene [单数] (informal) 活动领域；界；坛；圈子
F. [C]景象；景色；风光
G. [C]表现…景色的绘画（或摄影）作品；以…风情为题材的绘画（或摄影）作品
H. [C]（尤指当众、有失体面的）争吵，吵闹
37. bet|bet|
1)n.
A. 打赌；赌注
to win/lose a bet赢 / 输一场赌
We've got a bet on who's going to arrive first.
我们打了个赌，看谁先到。
He had a bet on the horses.
他在那些马上下了赌注。
‘Liverpool are bound to win. ’ ‘Do you want a bet ’ (= I disagree with you, I don't think they will.)
“利物浦必胜。”“你敢打赌吗？”
They all put a bet on the race.
他们都对比赛下了赌注。
I did it for a bet.
我是为了打赌才这么干的。
B. (informal) 预计；估计
My bet is that they've been held up in traffic.我估计他们是堵车了。
the/your best bet(informal) 最好的办法
If you want to get around London fast, the Underground is your best bet.如果你想在伦敦快速出行，最好是乘地铁。
a good/safe bet很可能发生的事；有望成功的事；合适的东西
Clothes are a safe bet as a present for a teenager.衣服适合作为送给十几岁孩子的礼物。
2)v. (betting, bet, bet)
A. ~ (sth) (on/against sth) 下赌注（于）；用…打赌
You have to be over 16 to bet.
赌博者年龄不得低于16岁。
He bet $2 000 on the final score of the game.
他下2 000元赌比赛的最后比分。
She bet me 20 that I wouldn't do it.她和我打20英镑的赌，说我不会那么做。
B. (informal) 敢说；八成儿
I bet (that) we’re too late.
我们八成儿太晚了。
You can bet (that) the moment I sit down, the phone will ring.几乎可以肯定，我一坐下，电话铃就会响起来。
I'll bet you (that) he knows all about it.
我敢说他了解一切。
I/I'll bet!(informal) 　
A. （表示理解）有同感，当然
‘I nearly died when he told me. ’ ‘I bet! ’
“他告诉我时，我差一点死掉了。”“肯定是这样！”
B. （表示不相信对方的话）
‘I'm going to tell her what I think of her. ’ ‘Yeah, I bet! ’“我要告诉她我对她的看法。”“量你不敢！”
I wouldn't bet on it | don't bet on it
(informal) 不大可能
‘She'll soon get used to the idea. ’ ‘I wouldn't bet on it. ’
“她很快就会接受这种看法的。”“很难说。”
you bet!(informal) 的确；当然
‘Are you nervous ’ ‘You bet! ’
“你紧张吗？”“这还用说！”
you can bet your life/your bottom dollar (on sth/(that)…)
(informal) 肯定；毫无疑问
You can bet your bottom dollar that he'll be late.他肯定会迟到。
38. atmosphere | tm sf (r); 美 -f r| n.
A. the atmosphere [单数] （围绕地球的）大气，大气层，大气圈
pollution of the atmosphere大气污染
B. [C] （围绕其他天体的）气体
C. [C] （房间、封闭空间或某处的）空气
These plants love warm, humid atmospheres.
这些植物喜欢温暖潮湿的空气。
D. 气氛；氛围
The hotel offers a friendly atmosphere and personal service.这家旅馆服务周到，使客人感到宾至如归。
a heavy silence/atmosphere
令人尴尬（或不安）的沉默（或气氛）atmospheric| tm s fer k| adj.
A. [只用于名词前] 大气的；大气层的
atmospheric pollution/ conditions/ pressure大气污染 / 状况 / 压力
B. 令人激动的；使人动感情的
atmospheric music有感染力的音乐
39. out of this world(informal) 好（或美等）得不得了；非凡；呱呱叫
The meal was out of this world.
这顿饭简直是没治了。
40. version| v : n; - n; 美 v :r n| n.
A. 变体；变种；型式
the latest version of the software package软件包的最新版本
B. （从不同角度的）说法，描述
She gave us her version of what had happened that day.她向我们描述了她认为那天发生的事情。
Their versions of how the accident happened conflict.他们对事故发生情况的说法相互矛盾。
C. （电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本，改编形式，改写本
The English version of the novel is due for publication next year.这部小说的英文译本预定明年出版发行。
41. filling| f l |
1)n.
A. [C] （补牙的）填料
I had to have two fillings at the dentist's today.
我今天不得不在牙科诊所补了两颗牙。
B. （糕点等的）馅
a wide range of sandwich fillings
各种各样的三明治馅
C. （枕头、靠垫等的）填充物，填料
2)adj.(食物) 能填饱肚子的
This cake is very filling.
这种饼很能填饱肚子。
42. elderly| eld li; 美 - rli| adj.
A. (人) 年纪较大的，上了年纪的（婉辞，与old同义）
an elderly couple一对老年夫妇
elderly relatives年老的亲戚
B. the elderly [复数] 老人；上了年纪的人
43. bake|be k| v.
A. ~ sth (for sb) | ~ (sb) sth （在烤炉里）烘烤；焙
I'm baking a birthday cake for Alex.
我在给亚历克斯烤生日蛋糕。
I'm baking Alex a cake.
我在给亚历克斯烤蛋糕。
B. （将某物）烤硬
The sun had baked the ground hard.
太阳把地面晒硬了。
C.vi.(informal) （变得）灼热，炎热
We sat baking in the sun.
我们坐在太阳底下晒得热死了。
half-baked adj.[常用于名词前](informal) 计划不完善的；考虑不周的
a half-baked idea不成熟的想法
baker| be k (r)| n.
A. 面包（糕饼）师傅；面包店老板
B. baker's (pl. bakers)
(British English) 面包店
I'm just going to the baker's.
我正要去面包店。
bakery| be k ri|(pl. –ies)(North American English also bakeshop) 面包（糕饼）店；面包（糕饼）烘房；面包厂
44. flour| fla (r)|
1) [U] （尤指小麦的）面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉
2)vt. [常用被动态] 在…上撒（或覆以）面粉
Roll the dough on a lightly floured surface.
揉生面团时，案板上要撒点面粉。
45. adorable| d :r bl| adj.
可爱的；讨人喜爱的
What an adorable child!
多可爱的小孩呀！
adorably|- bli|adv.
adore| d :(r)| v.(不用于进行时) 　
A. vt. 热爱，爱慕（某人）
It's obvious that she adores him.
她显然深深地爱着他。
B. (informal) 喜爱，热爱（某事物）
I simply adore his music!
我简直太喜爱他的音乐了！
[动词 + -ing短语]
She adores working with children.
她热爱为儿童工作。
-able（附在动词后构成形容词）表示“可…的”，“值得…的”，“能…的” admirable
46. mild|ma ld|
1)adj. (milder, mildest)
A. 温和的；和善的；不严厉的
Use a soap that is mild on the skin.
使用对皮肤刺激性不强的肥皂。
B. (天气) 温和的；和煦的
the mildest winter since records began
自有记载以来最温暖舒适的冬天
C. (情感) 温和的；不强烈的；轻微的,=slight
She looked at him in mild surprise.
她略带吃惊地看着他。
D. (人或其行为) 和善的；随和的
a mild woman, who never shouted
从不大声叫喊的随和的女人
E. (味道) 不浓的；淡味的
mildness[U]
her mildness of manner
她温柔随和的举止
2)[U](British English) 淡味啤酒
Two pints of mild, please.
请来两品脱淡啤酒。
47. tiramisu | t r m su | n. 提拉米苏;
48. bakery| be k ri|(pl. -ies)
(North American English also bakeshop) 面包（糕饼）店；面包（糕饼）烘房；面包厂
-ery, -ry (构成名词) 　
A. …群体（或类）的事物
greenery绿色植物
B. …状态（或性质）
bravery勇气
C. …的艺术（或技术）
cookery烹饪
archery射箭
D. 做（或生长、住）的地方
bakery面包店
orangery| r nd ri; 美 :r-; ɑ:r-|柑橘园
49. layer| le (r); le (r); 美 ler|
1)n.
A. 层；表层
A thin layer of dust covered everything.
所有的物品上都积了薄薄的一层灰尘。
How many layers of clothing are you wearing 你穿了几层衣服？
B. 层次；阶层
There were too many layers of management in the company.
这家公司管理层太多。
2)vt.[常用被动态] 把…分层堆放
Layer the potatoes and onions in a dish.把土豆和洋葱分层放在盘子里。
Her hair had been layered .
她的头发已分层剪短。
50. cheese|t i:z| n.
A. 干酪；奶酪
B.Cheese! “茄子”（要求照相的人说的口形词）
a big cheese
(informal,humorous) 大人物；要员
chalk and cheese
(British English) 截然不同；天渊之别
hard cheese(British English,informal) （常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉
51. bitter| b t (r)|
1)adj.
A. (争论、分歧等) 激烈而不愉快的；充满愤怒与仇恨的
a long and bitter dispute
漫长的激烈争论
B. (人) 愤愤不平的
She is very bitter about losing her job.
她丢掉了工作，心里很不服气。
C. [常用于名词前] 令人不快的；使人悲痛的；由痛苦引起的
to weep/shed bitter tears伤心落泪
Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team.
输掉这场比赛对这个队来说是一件伤心失望的事。
I've learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says.我已从痛苦的经验中得到了教训，不要相信他的话。
D. (食物等) 味苦的
Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.清咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。
E. (天气) 严寒的
bitter cold严寒
a bitter wind刺骨寒风
It’s really bitter out today.
今天户外的确很冷。
bitterness[U]
The pay cut caused bitterness among the staff.降低工资使职员们十分愤懑。
a bitter pill (for sb) (to swallow)
严酷的现实；（难以咽下的）苦果
to/until the bitter end
（不怕艰苦）坚持到底，奋斗到底
They were prepared to fight to the bitter end for their rights.
他们甘愿为自己的权利斗争到底。
2)n. (British English) 　
A. 苦啤酒（在英国很受欢迎）
A pint of bitter, please.
请来一品脱苦啤酒。
B. bitters [U+单数/复数 动词] 苦酒原汁（从植物中提取的苦酒精液体，可增加其他酒精饮料的味道）
52. cream|kri:m|
1)n.
A. [U] 奶油；乳脂
B. [C] (构成复合词) 奶油夹心糖
C. 护肤霜；洁净剂；清洗液
hand cream护手 霜
D. [U] 奶油色；淡黄色；米色
E. the ~ of sth 精英；精华；精髓
the cream of New York society
纽约社会的精英
2)adj. 奶油色的；淡黄色的；米色的
3)vt.
A. 把…搅成糊状（或奶油状）混合物
Cream the butter and sugar together.
把黄油和糖搅成糊状。
B. (North Amercian English,informal) 彻底打败；狠揍
We got creamed in the first round.
我们在第一轮就被彻底打败了。
cream sb/sth off
提取（精华）；选取（最好的人或物）；取走（某数额的金钱）
The best students were creamed off by the grammar schools.
最好的学生都已被文法学校录取。
53. ingredient| n gri:di nt| n. ~ (of/in/for sth) 　
A. 成分；（尤指烹饪）原料
Our skin cream contains only natural ingredients.
我们的护肤霜只含天然成分。
B. （成功的）因素，要素
the essential ingredients for success
成功的基本要素
It has all the ingredients of a good mystery story.这部作品具有构成一个好的神秘故事所有的因素。
54. loose|lu:s|
1)adj. (looser, loosest)
A. 未固定牢的；可分开的
Check that the plug has not come loose .检查一下别让插头松脱了。
B. 未系（或捆）在一起的；未固定的；零散的
She usually wears her hair loose.
她通常披散着头发。
The potatoes were sold loose, not in bags.
土豆是散装而不是袋装出售。
C. [名词前不常用] 不受约束；未束缚；自由
The horse had broken loose (= escaped) from its tether.
那匹马挣脱缰绳跑了。
D. 宽松的
a loose shirt宽大的衬衣
反义词：tight
E. 疏松的；不结实的；不坚固的
loose soil疏松的土壤
F. 组织不严密的；未严加控制的
G. 不精确的；不严谨的；不周密的
loose thinking不严密的思想
H. (体) 无球员控制的
break/cut/tear (sb/sth) loose from sb/sth（使）摆脱，挣脱
hang/stay loose(informal,especially North American English) 保持镇静；不着急
have a loose tongue
（尤指对隐私）多嘴，饶舌
2)vt. (formal)
A. ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth) 释放；放任；不受约束地表达
B. 松开，放开（尤指束紧或紧握的东西）,=loosen
C. ~ sth (off) (at sb/sth) 射出（子弹、箭等）
3)n. on the loose(人或动物) 已逃出；自由,=at large
Three prisoners are still on the loose.
有三名囚犯仍然在逃。
55. let sb/sth loose
A. 让…自由；释放；放开
She let her hair loose and it fell around her shoulders.她的头发一解开，便顺着肩膀垂了下来。
Who's let the dog loose
谁把狗放出来了？
B. 任（某人）自由行动；使随心所欲；放任
He was at last let loose in the kitchen.
终于放手让他干厨房里的活儿了。
A team of professionals were let loose on the project.有一组专业人员在放心大胆地做这个项目。
let loose sth（尤指大声或突然）发出，喊出，发表
She let loose a stream of abuse.
她破口大骂起来。
let loose(British English) (North Amercian English cut loose) (informal) 不受控制；自在发生
Teenagers need a place to let loose.
青少年需要一个可纵情嬉闹的地方。
56. chilli| t li| (pl. chillies, North Amercian English chilies)(North American English also chili pepper)
辣椒（经常在干后制成辣椒粉）
57. pepper| pep (r)|
1)n.
A. [U] 胡椒粉
Season with salt and pepper
用盐和胡椒粉调味
B.(British English) (sweet pepper British English,North Amercian EnglishNorth Amercian English bell pepper) 甜椒；柿子椒；灯笼椒
58. Sichuan pepper 花椒
59. onion| nj n|洋葱；葱头
Chop the onions finely.
把洋葱切细。
60. spring onion小葱，香葱,大葱
61. damp|d mp|
1)adj. (damper, dampest)
潮湿的；微湿的；湿气重的
The cottage was cold and damp.
这小屋又冷又湿。
damply adv.
The blouse clung damply to her skin.
衬衫湿漉漉地贴在她身上。
2) [U](British English) 潮湿；潮气；湿气；湿块
The old house smells of damp.
这老房子散发出一股潮气。
3)vt. = dampen 弄潮；使潮湿；抑制，减弱（感情等）
She damped a towel and wrapped it round his leg.
她弄湿毛巾，把它裹在他的腿上。
damp down sth
抑制，控制（情绪、感情等）
damp sth down
使（火）减弱；灭火
62. foggy| f gi; 美 f :gi; fɑ:gi| adj.
(foggier, foggiest) 有雾的；雾茫茫的
not have the foggiest (idea)
(informal) 完全不知道；一无所知；茫无头绪
‘Do you know where she is ’ ‘Sorry, I haven't the foggiest. ’
“你知道她在哪儿吗？”“对不起，我一点也不知道。”
fog|f g; 美 f :g; fɑ:g|
1)n.
A. 雾
The town was covered in a thick blanket of fog .大雾笼罩了这个城镇。
The fog finally lifted (= disappeared) .
雾终于散了。
B. 迷惘；困惑
He went through the day with his mind in a fog .
整整一天，他的头脑都是昏昏沉沉的。
2) (-gg-)~ (sth) (up) （使）雾气笼罩
A. vt. 使迷惘；使困惑；使混淆不清
I tried to clear the confusion that was fogging my brain.
我试图解除使我迷茫的困惑。
The government was trying to fog the real issues before the election.
政府企图在选举前混淆实质问题。
63. dynasty| d n sti; 美 da -|(pl. -ies) n.
A. 王朝；朝代
B. 朝；代
dynastic|d n st k; 美 da -|
Adj.[常用于名词前]
dynastic history王朝统治史
64. expand| k sp nd| v.
A. 扩大，增加，增强（尺码、数量或重要性）
Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
Student numbers are expanding rapidly.
学生人数在迅速增加。
A child's vocabulary expands through reading.
孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。
The waist expands to fit all sizes.
腰围可松可紧适合任何尺码。
There are no plans to expand the local airport.
目前尚无扩建地方机场的方案。
反义词：contract
B. 扩展，发展（业务）
We've expanded the business by opening two more stores.
我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。
an expanding economy
不断发展的经济
C. vi. 细谈；详述；详细阐明
I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.我把问题重复了一遍，等着她详细回答。
expand on/upon sth
详述；充分叙述；详细阐明
Could you expand on that point, please
请你把这一点详细说明一下好吗？
expansion| k sp n n|
扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀
a period of rapid economic expansion经济迅猛发展期
The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year.
本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。
65. multiple| m lt pl|
1)adj. [只用于名词前] 数量多的；多种多样的
a multiple entry visa多次入境签证
to suffer multiple injuries多处受伤
2)n.
A. (数) 倍数
14, 21 and 28 are all multiples of 7.
14、21和28都是7的倍数。
B. ( also multiple store) (both British English) = chain store连锁商店
66. sauce|s :s| n.
A. 调味汁；酱
B. [U](old-fashioned,British English,informal) 讨厌的话（或举动）；无礼的话（或举动）
67. plain|ple n|
1)adj. (plainer, plainest)
A. 清楚的；明显的；浅白的,=clear
He made it plain that we should leave.
他明确表示要我们离开。
She made her annoyance plain.
她满脸不耐烦。
B. 坦诚的；直率的；直接的
The plain fact is that nobody really knows.事实很明显，没有人真正了解。
C. 不尚修饰的；朴素的；简单的
The interior of the church was plain and simple.教堂内部朴素无华。
plain yogurt原味酸奶
D. 素的；无花纹的；单色的
Write on plain paper (= without lines) .用无格白纸书写。
E. [只用于名词前] 极普通的；平庸的；平凡的,=everyday
You don't need any special skills for this job, just plain common sense.
这项工作不需要任何特殊技能，只要有普通常识就够了。
F. (尤指女人) 相貌平平的；无姿色的
G. （编织）平针的，平纹的
plainness[U]
(as) plain as day | (as) plain as the nose on your face一清二楚；一目了然；显而易见
2)n. ( also plains [复数]) 平原
the Great Plains北美洲大平原
3)adv.(informal) （用于强调）简直，绝对地
plain stupid/wrong
简直愚蠢至极；绝对错误
68. slice|sla s|
1)n.
A. （切下的食物）薄片，片
Cut the meat into thin slices.
把肉切成薄片。
B. (informal) 部分；份额
Our firm is well placed to grab a large slice of the market.我们公司处境有利，足以获得巨大的市场份额。
C. 锅铲；（餐桌用）小铲
a fish slice煎鱼铲
D. (体) (高尔夫球、网球等) 削球；侧旋球；斜切打
a slice of life反映现实生活的电影（或戏剧、书）
2)v.
A. vt. ~ sth (up) 把…切成（薄）片
Slice the cucumber thinly.
把黄瓜切成薄薄的片。
B. [~ + 副词或介词短语] 切；割；划
(figurative)Her speech sliced through all the confusion surrounding the situation.她一席话把整个事态的一切纷扰剖析得清清楚楚。
He accidentally sliced through his finger.他不小心把指头割破了。
The knife sliced his jacket.
那把刀划破了他的上衣。
(figurative)The ship sliced the water.
船破浪前进。
C. vt.(体) 削（球）；斜切打
He managed to slice a shot over the net.
他设法把球斜切过网。
D. vt. (高尔夫球) （无意中）打出弧线球
E. vt.(North Amercian English, informal) 大幅度削减；大量降低
The new tax has sliced annual bonuses by 30 percent.由于征收新税，年度红利减少了30%。
slice sth off/away | slice sth off sth 切下；割下
Slice a piece off.切下一片。
(figurative)He sliced two seconds off the world record.他把世界纪录缩短了两秒。
69. chef| ef| n. 厨师；（尤指餐馆、饭店等的）主厨，厨师长
cook|k k|n. 做饭的人；炊事员；厨师
70. property| pr p ti; 美 prɑ:p rti|(pl. -ies)
A. [U] 所有物；财产；财物
Be careful not to damage other people's property.
小心别损及别人的财物。
B. [U] 不动产；房地产
The price of property has risen enormously.
房地产的价格大幅上升了。
a property developer房地产开发商
C. [C] 房屋及院落；庄园；房地产
There are a lot of empty properties in the area.
这个地区有大量的闲置房地产。
D. [C, 常用复数](formal) 性质；特性
Compare the physical properties of the two substances.
比较一下这两种物质的物理特性。
71. appropriate| pr pri t; 美 pro -|
1)adj. ~ (for/to sth) 合适的；恰当的
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.现在既已找出问题的症结，即可采取适当行动。
The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children.
这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。
Is now an appropriate time to make a speech 现在发表演讲是不是时候？
inappropriate
appropriatelyadv.
appropriateness[U]
2)vt.(formal)
A. 盗用；挪用；占用；侵吞
He was accused of appropriating club funds.他被控盗用俱乐部资金。
B. ~ sth (for sth) 拨（专款等）
Five million dollars has been appropriated for research into the disease.
已拨款五百万元用于这种疾病的研究。
72. estimate| est m t|
1)v. [常用被动态] ~ sth (at sth) 估价；估算
The satellite will cost an estimated 400 million.
这颗卫星估计要耗资4亿英镑。
Police estimate the crowd at 30 000.
警方估计聚集的人有3万。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
The deal is estimated to be worth around $1.5 million.
这笔交易估计价值150万元左右。
We estimated (that) it would cost about ?5 000.
我们估计要花费大约 5 000 欧元。
It is estimated (that) the project will last four years.
据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
It is hard to estimate how many children suffer from dyslexia.
很难估计有多少孩子有诵读困难。
2)n. / est m t/
A. （对数量、成本等的）估计；估价
I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。
At least 5 000 people were killed, and that's a conservative estimate .
至少5 000人丧生，这还是个保守的估计。
B. 估计的成本；估价
estimation| est me n|n.(formal)判断；评价；看法; （对水平、数量等的）估计　
73. consume|k n sju:m; 美 - su:m| vt.(formal)
A. 消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等）
The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.
电力工业消耗大量的矿物燃料。
B. 吃；喝；饮
Before he died he had consumed a large quantity of alcohol.
他死亡前喝了大量的酒。
C. ~ sb (with sth) [常用被动态] 使充满（强烈的感情）
Carolyn was consumed with guilt.
卡罗琳深感内疚。
Rage consumed him.他无比愤怒。
D. (火) 烧毁；毁灭
The hotel was quickly consumed by fire.那座旅馆很快被大火吞噬。
consumption|k n s mp n|[U] （能量、食物或材料的）消耗，消耗量;消费 　
consuming|k n sju:m ; 美 - su:-| adj.[只用于名词前] (感情、兴趣等) 强烈的；重要的；令人着迷的
Basketball is his consuming passion .
篮球令他着迷。
time-consuming费时的；耗时间的
74. hit the spot(informal) 发挥正当作用；适得其用；恰到好处
Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! It definitely hit the spot when I tried it,
and it has become one of mypersonal favourites.当我尝试它的时候，它正合我的胃口…..
75. Cantonese| k nt ni:z|
1)adj. 第一语言为粤语的人的；粤语的；广东人（或文化）的
Cantonese cooking粤菜
2)n. ( also Yue |j e |)
A. [U] 粤语；广东话
B. [C] (pl. Cantonese) 第一语言为粤语的人；广东人
76. dim sum| d m s m|
[U](from Chinese) 点心（中国食品）
77. essential| sen l|
1)adj.
A. ~ (to/for sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that…) 完全必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的,=vital
an essential part/ ingredient/ component of sth某事物必不可少的一部分 / 成分 / 组成部分
Money is not essential to happiness.
金钱对于幸福并非必不可少。
Experience is essential for this job.
对于这个工作，经验是非常重要的。
It is essential to keep the two groups separate.
将这两组隔开是完全必要的。
It is essential that you have some experience.你必须得有些经验。
B. [只用于名词前] 本质的；基本的；根本的,=fundamental
The essential difference between Sara and me is in our attitude to money.
我与萨拉的根本区别在于我们对金钱的态度。
The essential character of the town has been destroyed by the new road.这个城镇的主要特色被这条新公路毁了。
2)n.[常用复数] 　
A. 必不可少的东西；必需品
I only had time to pack the bare essentials .
我只来得及装上最基本的用品。
B. 要点；要素；实质
the essentials of English grammar
英语语法基础
78. innovation| n ve n| n. ~ (in sth) 　
A. [U] （新事物、思想或方法的）创造；创新；改革
an age of technological innovation
技术革新的时代
B. [C] 新思想；新方法
recent innovations in steel-making technology新近的炼钢技术革新
innovate| n ve t| v.引入（新事物、思想或方法）；创新；改革
We must constantly adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market.
我们必须不时地适应并创新，以确保在不断扩大的市场中取得成功。
to innovate new products
创造新产品
innovator| n ve t (r)|
innovative| n ve t v; British English also n v t v|
(approving) 引进新思想的；采用新方法的；革新的；创新的
There will be a prize for the most innovative design.
将设立一项最具创意设计奖。
79. concept| k nsept; 美 kɑ:n-| n.
~ (of sth) | ~ (that…) 概念；观念
the concept of social class
社会等级的概念
He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics.
他无法掌握数学的基本概念。
the concept that everyone should have equality of opportunity
人人应当机会均等的观念
80. stimulate| st mjule t| v.
A.vt. 促进；激发；激励
The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work.
展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
The article can be used to stimulate discussion among students.
这篇文章可用来活跃学生的讨论。
B. vt. 刺激；使兴奋
Parents should give children books that stimulate them.
父母应给孩子能启发他们的书。
The conference stimulated him to study the subject in more depth.这次会议促使他更深入地研究那个课题。
C. vt.(术语) 促进（身体某部分）的功能
stimulation| st mju le n|[U]
81. appetite| p ta t| n.
A. [常用单数形式] 食欲；胃口
He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite .他患有头痛和食欲不振。
The walk gave me a good appetite.
散步使我胃口大开。
Don't spoil your appetite by eating between meals.不要在两餐之间吃东西，以免影响胃口。
B. [C] ~ (for sth) 强烈欲望
The preview was intended to whet your appetite (= make you want more) .预告是为了吊胃口。
82. delicate | del k t| adj.
A. 易损的；易碎的；脆弱的,=fragile
The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body.
眼睛是人体最娇贵的器官之一。
Babies have very delicate skin.
婴儿的皮肤非常娇嫩。
B. (人) 虚弱的；纤弱的
C. 纤细的；微小的；精美的；小巧玲珑的
his delicate hands他纤细的手
D. 精致的；精细的；精密的
E. 熟练的；需要技巧的；需要小心处理的；微妙的
I admired your delicate handling of the situation.
我赞赏你应付这种局面的娴熟技巧。
The delicate surgical operation took five hours.
这精细的外科手术花了五个小时。
F. (颜色、味道、气味) 柔和的；清淡可口的；清香的
delicately adv.
He stepped delicately over the broken glass.
他小心翼翼地跨过碎玻璃。
delicacy| del k si|n.(pl. -ies)
A. [U] 柔软（性）；脆弱；娇嫩
B. [U]仔细；温柔
C. [U] 周到；体贴
D. [U]棘手；微妙
E. [C]精美的食物；佳肴
83. emphasis| emf s s| n. (pl. emphases |-si:z|)
A. ~ (on/upon sth) 强调；重视；重要性,=stress
to put/lay/place emphasis on sth强调 / 重视某事
We provide all types of information, with an emphasis on legal advice.
我们提供各种信息服务，尤其是法律咨询。
The examples we will look at have quite different emphases.我们将要观察的例子所强调的重点很不相同。
B. （对某个词或短语的）强调，加重语气，重读,=stress
‘I can assure you, ’ she added with emphasis, ‘the figures are correct. ’
“我可以向你保证，”她加重语气补充道，“这些数字是正确的。”
emphasize| emf sa z| v.(British English also -ise)　
A. 强调；重视；着重,=stress
His speech emphasized the importance of attracting industry to the town.他的发言强调了吸引工业到城镇的重要性。
He emphasized how little was known about the disease.
他着重指出对这种疾病所知甚少。
It should be emphasized that this is only one possible explanation.应该强调的是，这只是一种可能的解释。
B. vt. 使突出；使明显
She swept her hair back from her face to emphasize her high cheekbones.她把头发朝脸后拢，使高高的颧骨显得更为突出。
C. vt. 重读，强调（词或短语）；加强…的语气
84. steam|sti:m|
1)v.
A.vi. 蒸发；散发蒸汽；冒水汽
a mug of steaming hot coffee
一大杯热气腾腾的咖啡
B. 蒸（食物）
steamed fish蒸鱼
C. [~ + 副词或介词短语] (. 船舶等) 依靠蒸汽动力行驶
The boat steamed across the lake.
汽船从湖上驶过。
D. [~ + 副词或介词短语] (尤指人) 快速行走；疾行
He spotted her steaming down the corridor [ k r d (r)] towards him.
他看见她沿着走廊向他疾步走来。
(figurative)The company is steaming ahead with its investment programme.
公司正抓紧实施自己的投资方案。
be/get (all) steamed up (about/over sth)(British English) (North Amercian English be steamed (about sth)) (informal) （变得）非常气愤，非常激动
steam up | steam sth up
（使）蒙上水汽
As he walked in, his glasses steamed up.
他进去的时候，眼镜上起了一层雾。
2) [U] 　
A. 水蒸气；蒸汽
Steam rose from the boiling kettle.
壶里的水开了，冒着蒸汽。
B. 蒸汽动力
C. 水汽
She wiped the steam from her glasses.她擦去眼镜上的水汽。
full speed/steam ahead
全速前进；全力
get up/pick up steam
A. (informal) 声势逐渐强大；渐成气候；慢慢活跃起来
His election campaign is beginning to get up steam.
他的竞选活动逐渐形成声势。
B. (车辆) 逐渐提速
85. gram|gr m|
A. (British English also gramme) (abbr. g, gm) 克（重量单位，1公斤为1 000克）
B. -gram 写（或画）的东西
telegram电报
86. cabbage| k b d | n.
A. 甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜
Do you like cabbage 你喜欢卷心菜吗？
two cabbages两棵洋白菜
Chinese cabbage 白菜；大白菜
B.[C](British English) = vegetable (2)植物人
87. wrapper| r p (r)| n.
A. （食品等的）包装材料，包装纸，包装塑料
(British English)sweet wrappers
糖果包装纸
(North Amercian English)candy wrappers糖果包装纸
B. (West African English) （腰际和腿部的）围裹式服装
wrap|r p|
1)v. (-pp-)
A. vt. ~ sth (up) (in sth) 包，裹（礼物等）
He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents.他花了一个晚上的时间把圣诞礼物都包了起来。
B. vt. ~ A (up) in B | ~ B round/around A 用…包裹（或包扎、覆盖等）
I wrapped the baby (up) in a blanket.
我用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。
I wrapped a blanket around the baby.我用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。
B. vt. ~ sth around/round sth/sb 用…缠绕（或围紧）
A scarf was wrapped around his neck.他的脖子上围着一条围巾。
C. ~ (sth) (around/round) (计) （使文字）换行
How can I wrap the text around
我怎么才能使文本换行呢？
The text wraps around if it is too long to fit the screen.如果文本太长，在显示屏放不下的话，会自动换行。
be wrapped up in sb/sth专心致志于；全神贯注于；完全沉浸于
wrap up | wrap sb/yourself up（使）穿得暖和
She told them to wrap up warm/ warmly .她叫他们穿暖和点。
wrap sth up(informal) 圆满完成，顺利结束（协议或会议等）
That just about wraps it up for today.这就差不多给今天画了个圆满的句号。
88. mixture| m kst (r)|n.
A. [C, 常用单数形式] 混合；结合体
The city is a mixture of old and new buildings.
这座城市是新老建筑兼而有之。
We listened to the news with a mixture of surprise and horror.我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则消息。
B. 混合物
Add the eggs to the mixture and beat well.
将鸡蛋加进混合料中，搅拌均匀。
C. [C](术语) 混合物；集合体
D. [U] 混合
-ure( 构成名词) …的行动（或过程、结果等）
closure关闭
failure失败
89. edge|ed |
1)n.
A. [C] 边；边缘；边线；边沿
He stood on the edge of the cliff.
他站在悬崖边上。
Don’t put that glass so near the edge of the table.别把那只玻璃杯放在离桌边太近的地方。
Stand the coin on its edge.
让硬币竖起来。
B. [C] 刀口；刀刃；利刃
Be careful─it has a sharp edge.
小心点——这刀刃很锋利。
C. (usually the edge) [单数] （尤指灾难的）边缘
They had brought the country to the edge of disaster.
他们使国家濒临灾难。
D. [单数] ~ (on/over sb/sth) （微弱的）优势
They have the edge on us.他们略胜我们一筹。
E. [单数] 锐利；敏锐；尖锐
F. [单数] 尖刻的声调；愤怒的语气
He did his best to remain calm, but there was a distinct edge to his voice.
尽管他竭力保持镇静，话音里仍明显带有怒气。
G. -edged (构成形容词) 有…边的；有…棱的；有…锋的
be on edge紧张不安；激动；烦躁
on the edge of your seat
异常兴奋；极为激动；有浓厚兴趣
The game had the crowd on the edge of their seats.
这场比赛使观众兴奋不已。
take the edge off sth
减弱；使变钝；挫伤…的锐气
The sandwich took the edge off my appetite.这份三明治使我食欲大减。
2)v.
A. [~+ 副词或介词短语] （使）徐徐移动，渐渐移动
She edged a little closer to me.
她慢慢地向我靠近了一些。
I edged nervously past the dog.
我紧张不安地从狗旁边慢慢走过去。
Emily edged her chair forward.
埃米莉把椅子慢慢地向前挪动。
B. vt.[常用被动态] ~ sth (with/in sth) 给…加边
The handkerchief is edged with lace.
这条手绢镶着网眼花边。
C. [~ + 副词或介词短语] 略为增加（或减少）
Prices edged up 2% in the year to December.
到12月为止的年度价格上涨了2%。
edge sb/sth out (of sth)
逐渐将…排挤出
She was edged out of the company by the new director.新上任的经理一步步把她排挤出了公司。
90. apart| pɑ:t; 美 pɑ:rt| adv.
A. （指空间或时间）相隔，相距
The two houses stood 500 metres apart.
两座房子相距500米。
Their birthdays are only three days apart.他们的生日仅隔三日。
(figurative)The two sides in the talks are still a long way apart.
谈判双方的意见仍相去甚远。
B. 不在一起；分离；分开
She keeps herself apart from other people.
她与其他人保持距离。
I can't tell the twins apart.
我分不出这一对双胞胎中谁是谁。
C. 成碎片
The whole thing just came apart in my hands.
这整件东西偏偏在我手里破裂了。
When his wife died, his world fell apart .他在妻子去世后万念俱灰。
D. （指所说的不包括在内）除外
Colin apart, not one of them seems suitable for the job.除了科林，看来他们中谁也不适合这个工作。
91. fall apart
A. 破碎；破裂
My car is falling apart.
我的汽车要散架了。
B. 破裂；崩溃
Their marriage finally fell apart.
他们的婚姻终于破裂了。
The deal fell apart when we failed to agree on a price.我们在价格上未能达成一致意见，生意吹了。(共65张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件
Unit 3 Food matters
Workbook
Exploring language
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the brackets. P57
1. The exhibition offers a ________ (vary) of modern artworks.
2. Jessie took a deep breath, feeling _________ (relief) that she had finally
solved the troublesome problem.
3. The food in my hometown never fails to __________ (impression) tourists
from around the world.
variety
relieved
impress
4. Careful cost ____________ (estimate) is essential to successful project
management.
5. Tom knew it was dangerous to drive in _______ (fog) weather, but he
set out all/just the same(虽是这样；尽管如此).
6. The filling of dumplings is usually a _____________ (mix) of meat, vegetables and seasoning.
estimation
foggy
mix/mixture
7. For reasons of _________ (secure) the door is always kept locked.
8. The length of time needed will depend on a ____________ (combine) of factors.
security
combination
B. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box below. P57
let ... loose do the trick
in low spirits take off
throw oneself into
without equal无与伦比；无敌；无比
fall apart cry out for
1. Terry seems to be ____________ today. Let’s go and cheer him up.
2. After years of hard work his career began to _________.
3. Jessie’s skill in painting portraits is ______________ in our class.
4. If you want your room to look sweet, a soft warm colour on the walls will ____________.
in low spirits
take off
without equal
do the trick
5. We know a volcano erupts when the forces inside are __________,
but it is hard to predict when this will happen.
6. His world _________ when his wife left him.
7. The company is ______________ fresh new talent.
let loose
fell apart
crying out for
8 Since she stopped working as an actress, she ____________________ charity work.
D. Translate the following sentences into English. Use the words and phrases in the brackets. P58
has thrown herself into
1. 他的房间很简朴，没有华丽的装饰。(plain)
2. 保护古代建筑是城市规划中必不可少的一部分。(essential)
His room is plain, with no fancy decoration.
Protecting ancient buildings is an essential part of city planning.
3. 旅游业可以为当地人创造许多工作机会。(generate)
Tourism can generate lots of job opportunities for local people.
4. 我们的英语老师特别强调学习词汇的重要性，让我们尽可能多背单词。(emphasis)
Our English teacher places special emphasis on the importance of learning vocabulary, and asks us to memorize as many words as possible.
5. 我们非常喜欢这样轻松活泼的课堂氛围，课常常不知不觉就结束了。(atmosphere)
We really like the relaxed and lively atmosphere in the classroom, and more often than not(通常；往往；一贯), the class is over before we know it.
6. 据说有的食物具有缓解压力的特性，有的食物能使人精神振奋。(property; lift one’s spirits)
It is said that certain types of food have stress-relieving properties, and that other types can really lift one’s spirits.
7. 良好的学习方法可以提高学习效率。(enhance)
8. 我该怎么弥补失去的时间？唯一的方法是更加努力。(make up for)
Good study methods can enhance learning efficiency.
How can I make up for the lost time The only way is to work harder.
9. 我试着咬了一口，它真的合我口味。(hit the spot)
10. 我们的音乐老师经常播放优美的歌曲，来激发我们学习音乐的兴趣。(stimulate)
I tried a bite and it hit the spot.
Our Music teacher often plays us beautiful songs in order to stimulate our interest in studying music.
Building skills
A. Reading and speaking
A1. People all over the world eat different kinds of noodles. Read the magazine article about the history of noodles and answer the questions below. P59
People all around the world have enjoyed noodles for thousands of years. But did you ever stop to think: who made the very first noodle People first started growing wheat and making flour in the Middle East around 10,000 years ago. But no one had ever found a prehistoric noodle—until 2002.
Archaeologists [ ɑ:k l d sts] discovered an upside-down(倒置的) clay bowl in the ruins of an ancient Chinese village. When they lifted it, they found a 4,000-year-old noodle. This “mummy” noodle was made from millet [ m l t](小米;粟). Traders brought wheat to China about the time this ancient noodle was cooked.
The Chinese eventually mastered the art of stretching wheat dough into long noodles. Today, an expert chef can turn a ball of dough into 3-metre noodles in just minutes.
Some people claim that Marco Polo brought pasta [ p st ](面食) to Italy. The tale says that when he visited China, he tried noodles for the first time and liked them so much that he took the recipe [ res pi] home.
But it is probably not true! In fact, it was likely made up[编造(故事、谎言等)] by an American magazine to try to get Americans to eat more pasta. According to Marco Polo, wheat was used for making thin noodles, not bread, in China. Since Marco Polo described Chinese noodles by comparing them to Italian noodles, it is clear that in Marco Polo’s Italy, noodles were already on the menu.
So, if Marco Polo did not bring noodles to Italy, who did The oldest written mention of pasta outside China comes from the Middle East, about 1,600 years ago. The text describes how to eat dried noodles, a popular travel food in the Middle East and Central Asia. Dried noodles were perfect for long trips. They were tasty, easy to carry, and never went bad.
Some historians believe that dried noodles spread[传播；散布；(使)流传] out from the Middle East or Central Asia. Traders packed their noodles and travelled to other parts of the world. Wherever they got the recipe, Italians were eating pasta long before Marco Polo.
So who REALLY invented noodles We may never know—the history of noodles is as twisted as a bowl of spaghetti [sp ɡeti](意大利细面条). But whoever invented them, we’re sure glad they did!
1. What does the underlined word “Archaeologists” in the first paragraph mean
“Archaeologists” are people who study the cultures of the past and certain periods of history by examining the remains of buildings and objects found in the ground.
2. Why were dried noodles a popular travel food
Dried noodles were a popular travel food because they were tasty, easy to carry and never went bad.
A2. In pairs, role-play a conversation between a Chinese student and an exchange student who wants to try different kinds of Chinese noodles in a food court (美食广场). Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold. P60
A: Wow, this food court is really big. Can you recommend me a typical Chinese noodle dish
B: There are many kinds of noodles to choose from. Over here, you can get a
famous dish from the north-western part of China—it’s called Lanzhou lamian. As you can see, these are hand-pulled noodles in a rich[ (气味)浓郁的] beef soup.
A: That looks delicious—the colour of the soup is really appetizing(开胃的；引起食欲的；使渴的)!
B: There are some mouth-watering [(食物)令人垂涎的，非常好吃的] fried rice noodles(米粉) over here. This dish is called chao mixian. It’s from Yunnan, in the south-west of China. These rice noodles are quite chewy [ t u:i](需要多嚼的；不易嚼烂的；耐嚼的).
A: It’s going to be really hard to choose what to eat. What are those wide noodles over there
B: That’s a dish called liangpi. It’s a kind of cold noodles(凉面) made from flour. It’s a speciality[ spe i l ti](特产；特色菜) of Shaanxi Province.
A: I see. The sauce(调味汁；酱) looks too spicy[(食物)加了很多香料的，辛辣的] for me, though.
B: Yes, and the flavour is quite acid as well. It contains lots of vinegar. Maybe you should try these Shanghai-style cold noodles in a sweet and creamy peanut sauce. It’s a light(不腻的；清淡的；易消化的) dish, perfect for a hot day like this.
A: Good idea. I’ll try it!
B. Listening and writing
B1. The award-winning chef Paul Martin is speaking on the radio about his food journey. Listen to the conversation and decide whether the following statements are true ( T ) or false ( F ).Circle the incorrect information in the false statements and correct it in the blanks. P60
1. Paul has been interested in food since the age of 16. T / F
_______________________
2. Paul’s grandmother encouraged him to apply to a cooking school in Paris. T / F
______________________
he can remember
parents
3. Paul’s grandmother used to be a cook. T / F
______________________
4. Paul learnt how to hold a knife correctly at school. T / F
______________________________
before he went to the cooking school/from his grandmother
5. When he started attending the cooking school, Paul knew more than the other students. T / F
______________________
6. Paul became the head chef of a famous restaurant five years after leaving school. T / F
Tapescripts
Radio host: Today we have the award-winning chef Paul Martin with us. Welcome Paul!
Paul: Thanks for having me.
Radio host: So, in a moment we are going to talk about your new restaurant, but first, could you tell us about how you decided to become a chef
Paul: Well, ever since I can remember, I’ve been very interested in food. Then,
one summer, when I was 16, I stayed with my grandmother in Avignon [' v j n],a lovely city in the south of France. From my grandmother I learnt how to cook many different traditional French dishes. The experience was inspiring, and from that point on, I knew that the only thing I wanted to do was to become a chef.
Radio host: So you decided to go to a cooking school
Paul: Yes. My parents were happy that I finally had a goal and encouraged me
to apply to a famous cooking school in Paris. I sent my school results(得分；成绩) and wrote an essay about my love of food and my goals—first, to become a chef,and then to have my very own restaurant one day. Luckily, I was accepted.
Radio host: How did you reach your first goal
Paul: Well, to be fair, my grandmother, who used to be a trained chef, really taught me a lot. For example, she showed me how to hold a knife correctly and how to cut different types of food. So, when I started attending the cooking school, I was ahead of(领先) the other students.
I was taught different cooking styles and how to get creative with ingredients and invent new recipes.
After I finished school, I got a job immediately as a cook in a small restaurant in Paris. Five years later, I was hired as the head chef of a
famous restaurant.
B2. Listen to Paul Martin speaking at the opening of his new restaurant and complete the notes below. P61
New restaurant opens in Avignon
Name
Chez[ e ](在…家)Paul or “ (1) _____________”
The chef gave his restaurant this name because he wanted people to feel as if they were (2) ___________________.
Paul’s Home
guests in his home
Location
Just off the (3) ____________ of Avignon main street
The chef chose Avignon because it was home to (4) _______________.
Menu traditional French cooking
A combination of (5) ________________________ and modern cuisine
main street
his grandmother
traditional French cooking
Paul’s signature[为(某人)所特有的;体现个体特征的] recipes (6) ________ by his grandmother and the cooking school
Seating
Altogether (7) ____ tables
Two tables for walk-ins, which cannot be (8) ________.
inspired
ten
booked
Tapescripts
Paul: Welcome, everyone! Thank you so much for joining me here today. This is a very special day for me, the opening of my very first restaurant, Chez Paul. It is particularly important that my restaurant is here, in Avignon. This is where my food journey began, as it was home to my dear grandmother, who inspired me to become a chef.
I know she would be very proud of what I have done here. As soon as I saw this building, just off the main street, I knew it would be perfect for my new restaurant.
I’ve created a menu that is a combination of traditional French cooking and modern cuisine. My grandma taught me many traditional French dishes.
Also, I learnt the art of modern cooking at school. With the two rich sources of inspiration, I developed my signature recipes(招牌食谱). The name, Chez Paul, or “Paul’s Home”, is very important too—I hope I have created a space where you will feel as if you were a guest in my home. This is why we only have ten tables, and two of these tables cannot be booked so that they can be kept especially for walk-in(未经预约的；无须事先约定的) guests. But, enough from me!
I would like to invite you all to come inside and see the restaurant, have some drinks and try some of the dishes that I will be serving [(给某人)提供；端上].
B3. If you are given the chance to open a restaurant of your own, what kind of restaurant will you open Write an article introducing your restaurant. P61
My dream restaurant
I would like to open a pizza restaurant in an attractive location in the city centre. The ideal place would be by the riverside. There are a number of restaurants there, but none that sells pizza. Many office buildings are located in the area, and it is also a popular shopping district, which means that the restaurant will have a steady flow of customers.
The target customers are office workers on weekdays and families during the weekends. The restaurant needs to be suitable for both groups, so the atmosphere should be relaxed(安静的；自在的) and friendly. It would be appropriate to use bright warm colours and to put up pictures of the Mediterranean [ med t re ni n] (地中海) on the wall.
The furniture should be simple, and it needs to be convenient for families with small children. If possible, the restaurant should have outdoor seating to attract more customers in spring and summer.
The menu will consist of a variety of food. Besides pizza, there will be some pasta dishes as well as finger food(手抓食品), such as chicken wings and onion rings(洋葱圈；洋葱卷).
There will also be one or two Chinese dishes on the menu for those customers who do not like pizza.
What is special about this restaurant is that it will serve delicious, Italian-style pizza. The customers will be able to choose from a wide variety of high-quality ingredients, especially different kinds of Italian cheese.
Appreciating language P62
Food is an important part of festivals. Read aloud the excerpt [ eks pt](摘录;节选;选段) below about a poor family having a Christmas dinner.
There never was such a goose. Bob said he didn’t believe there ever was such a goose cooked.
Its tenderness(柔嫩) and flavour, size and cheapness, were the themes of universal admiration. It was a sufficient dinner for the whole family; indeed, as Mrs. Cratchit said with great delight (surveying one small atom of a bone upon the dish), they hadn’t eaten it all at last!这是一顿丰盛的晚餐。真的，正如克拉特基特太太非常高兴地说(打量着盘子上的一小块骨头)，他们最后还没有把它全吃完!
Yet every one had had enough, and the youngest Cratchits, in particular, were steeped in(沉浸于；潜心于) sage[鼠尾草(可用作调料)] and onion to the eyebrows! But now, the plates being changed by Miss Belinda,Mrs Cratchit left the room alone—too nervous to bear witnesses(为…作证；证明)—to take the pudding up, and bring it in.
Suppose it should not be done enough! Suppose it should break in turning out(生产;制造)! Suppose somebody should have got over the wall of the backyard and stolen it, while they were merry with the goose—a supposition [ s p z n](假定;假设;设想 ) at which the two young Cratchits became furious [ fj ri s] (狂怒的；暴怒的)! All sorts of horror were supposed.
Hallo! A great deal of steam! The pudding was out of the copper. A smell like a washing day! That was the cloth. A smell like an eating-house and a pastry [ pe stri](油酥糕点) cook’s next door to each other, with a laundress’s next door to that! That was the pudding!
In half a minute Mrs Cratchit entered—flushed(脸红的), but smiling proudly—with the pudding, like a speckled(布满斑点的) cannonball [ k n nb :l] (铁弹，石弹), so hard and firm,blazing(熊熊燃烧) in ignited[iɡ naitid] [ (使)燃烧，着火；点燃] brandy, and decorated with Christmas holly [ h li] (冬青) stuck into the top.
她满脸通红，但骄傲地微笑着——手里拿着布丁，像一颗有斑点的炮弹，坚硬而结实，在点燃的白兰地中燃烧着，顶上还插着圣诞青青。
Oh, a wonderful pudding! Bob Cratchit said, and calmly too, that he regarded it as the greatest success achieved by Mrs Cratchit since their marriage. Mrs Cratchit said that, now the weight was off her mind, she would confess [k n fes](承认) she had her doubts about the quantity of flour.
Everybody had something to say about it, but nobody said or thought it was at all a small pudding for a large family. Any Cratchit would have blushed[(因某事)羞愧，尴尬] to hint(暗示；透露；示意) at such a thing.任何一个克拉特基特都会羞于提及这种事的。
(Adapted from A Christmas Carol, by Charles Dickens)
Guided reading
Charles Dickens (1812 — 1870) wrote a number of tales depicting [di pikt ](描写；描述；刻画) wealth and poverty in Victorian London, and A Christmas Carol (1843) is one of his most popular novels. The story is about the mean-spirited(小气的，自私的) and stingy( 小气的；吝啬的) Ebenezer Scrooge, who hates Christmas and only cares about money.
In this adapted excerpt, Scrooge gets to see what Christmas is like for his poor clerk Bob Cratchit and his family. Dickens shows the joy of the family as they eat the main course: the Christmas goose. They seldom get to have such a meal and are naturally very excited.
This is reflected in the writing style: Dickens’s use of exclamation [ ekskl me n] marks(感叹号) and emphatic [ m f t k]( 强调的；有力的) statements shows how the Cratchits are experiencing the situation. For example, the goose is the object of “universal admiration”, and the younger Cratchits enjoy it so much that they are “steeped in sage and onion to the eyebrows”, which means they have sage and onion in their eyebrows.
Dickens describes this occasion as
a joyful one for the family, yet at the same time he reveals their poverty. For instance,with this sentence “Bob said he didn’t believe there ever was such a goose cooked”, Dickens implies that Bob is experiencing something he once believed was impossible.
In the second paragraph, we get to see how worried Mrs Cratchit is: among other things, she is afraid that the pudding won’t turn out well. This is shown in anxious exclamations. The next paragraphs focus on the Christmas pudding, and the steam coming from it is described in a playfully(戏谑地) exaggerated [ ɡ z d re t d](夸张的；夸大的；言过其实的) way:
“A smell like an eating-house ... with a laundress’s next door to that!” Traditionally, the Christmas pudding was wrapped in a damp cloth, before being boiled and steamed[蒸(食物)]. During Victorian times, laundry[要(或正在)洗的衣物]was boiled,so it would have a similar smell. As always (和往常一样；和料想的一样), Dickens skilfully describes the environments
and people of 19th century London in a warm and engaging(有趣的；令人愉快的；迷人的) way.