牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册 Unit 2 The universal课件2（4份）

(共93张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件
Unit 2 The universal language
Reading
制作者：桂东一中　李宇平
◆ 内容分析
【What】本板块的话题是“通过音乐理解文化”。语篇是两封交换生写的电子邮件。第一封是外国学生介绍中国的小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》，重点描述了《梁祝》音乐和故事情节之间相得益彰的匹配关系；第二封是中国学生介绍美国的乡村音乐，作者在文中提及了乡村音乐的主要风格，以及杰出音乐人约翰 · 丹佛和他的著名歌曲《乡村路带我回家》。
【Why】本板块的语篇以交换生的视角分别介绍中国的《梁祝》和美国的乡村音乐，旨在帮助学生意识到音乐是全球性的语言，通过音乐可以了解不同文化，借助音乐可以促进跨文化交际。
【How】本板块语篇的类型是电子邮件，两封邮件共同的写作特点如下：邮件主体部分主旨清晰、结构分明；
由于是非正式文体，文中使用了很多口语化的表达方式，例如“So glad to get your email.”“I bet you’ll like it!”“Why don’t you try to listen to some great country music ”等。两封邮件也有一些各自的写作特点：第一封邮件在描述音乐、故事情节、音乐营造的氛围时，细致入微，使用了拟人等修辞手法，生动、形象地描绘了该乐曲的艺术魅力；
第二封邮件在介绍美国乡村音乐时选用了一段经典歌词作为例子，来说明乡村音乐的特点，给读者以直观的感受。
◆ 教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. give a brief introduction to Butterfly Lovers and country music;
2. listen to Butterfly Lovers and express their understanding of it;
3. analyse the writing techniques of the two emails;
4. use personification(拟人) [p s n f ke n] to describe their favourite piece of music.
◆ 教学过程
（一） 学习理解
　1. A great way to learn about a new culture is through its music. The emails below are written by two exchange students who are discovering new music in their host countries. Before you read the emails, think about the following questions:
1) What information do you think the emails contain according to the subjects
Butterfly Lovers in the first email may refer to a famous musical piece in China,which is based on a Chinese legend about two lovers. The email may contain information of the music the writer heard and her feelings.
What she learnt about Chinese culture through the music would also be included. The second email about “Country music”, a type of music popular in America, may contain the writer’s experiences of listening to different types of country music. It could include his opinions and feelings as well as what it taught him about American culture.
2) Have you watched a music performance live or on TV What was it like
I recall watching the Spring Festival Gala [ gɑ:l ](庆典；盛会；演出)one year. It was fantastic. I was greatly impressed by the performance of a popular Chinese folk singer and a famous foreign singer when they sang “Jasmine [ d zm n] Flower”(茉莉花).
It is a traditional song that is well known and has been performed by many artists. It was special to watch these two famous singers sing it together. They looked beautiful and the foreign singer seemed very relaxed while singing in Chinese. It has become a landmark(里程碑式) gala performance.
[ l s d k n]
[ lu si bek (r) ]
《梁祝》
Hi Lucy,
So glad to get your email. I hope everything is fine with you. Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. It’s a piece that really deserves to be heard.
△ The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.
乐曲带我进入了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事，讲述的是一对年轻情侣被他们家庭拆散的遭遇。
take sb through sth帮助某人深入了解；给某人解说
The director took us through the play scene by scene.
导演一幕一幕地给我们说戏。
twists and turns “（故事或情况的）转折，转变，突然变化”。如：
The story has many unexpected twists and turns.
这则故事有许多意想不到的转折。
tear apart “使（关系亲密的人）分离，分开”。
They believe nothing can tear them apart.
他们相信什么都不能让他们分开。
When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. It is followed by a fast and cheerful section which represents their three happy years of school.
Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes(单音；音调；音符)and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhu’s father forces her to marry another man.
接下来，曲调突然变得沉重，此时这对情侣被拆散，因为祝英台的父亲逼她另嫁他人。
△ Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. Zhu weeps bitterly over the loss of her love. Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave.
梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。祝英台为失挚爱而痛哭。不胜伤悲，她跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。
weep (for/with sth) | ~ (at/over sth) (formal,or literary) （通常因悲伤）哭泣，流泪
She started to weep uncontrollably.
她不由自主地哭了起来。
overcome[常用被动态] (感情上)受到…的极大影响, 承受不起,=overwhelm
Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.
在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。
The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.
考试前的晚上，恐惧和绝望让我内心无比惊慌。
Overcome with curiosity, he opened the box.
他在好奇心的驱使下打开了盒子。
Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever. It is an amazing journey!
最后，在最激昂的部分，乐曲转而柔缓，以凄美的曲调收尾，它告诉我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离。真是一段美妙的旅程！
Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played on Western instruments such as the violin, but more significantly, much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera. This unique combination has made me realize that music is indeed a universal language. You should definitely listen to Butterfly Lovers—I bet you’ll like it!
All the best (祝一切顺利，万事如意),
Alice
combine A and/with B 兼有；兼备；使融合（或并存）
The hotel combines comfort with convenience.
这家旅馆既舒适又方便。
They have successfully combined the old with the new in this room.
他们在这个房间里成功地把古老和现代的风格融为一体。
Dear Stephen,
Life here in Nashville [ n v l] is as interesting as I thought it would be. My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. I love learning about country music and I keep asking them questions about it all the time!
rely on/upon sb. or sth. to do sth.
Nowadays we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
现如今，我们很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。
Many people now rely on the Internet to get information.
很多人现在靠互联网来获取信息。
You can’t always rely on me to do these things for you!
你不能总依赖我替你做这些事！
introduce sb to sth | ~ sth (to sb) 使初次了解；使尝试
The first lecture introduces students to the main topics of the course.
第一堂课是让学生了解这门课的主要内容。
It was she who first introduced the pleasures of sailing to me.是她最先使我体会到了帆船运动的乐趣。
all the time | the whole time
A. （在某段时间内）一直，始终
The letter was in my pocket all the time (= while I was looking for it) .
这信一直在我的口袋里。
B. very often; repeatedly 经常；总是；老是
She leaves the lights on all the time.
她总是让灯亮着。
△ It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music, so the musicians use many similar instruments, such as the guitar.
turn out
A. 出席（某项活动）；在场
B. (与副词或形容词连用，或用于以how引导的疑问句) …地发展（或发生）；结果…
Despite our worries everything turned out well.
尽管我们都很担心，结果一切都顺利。
You never know how your children will turn out.很难说子女将来的发展怎样。
[+ 形容词]
If the day turns out wet, we may have to change our plans.如果那天下雨的话，我们可能得改变计划。
C. 向外；朝外
Her toes turn out.她的脚趾向外撇。
D. 原来是；证明是；结果是
[+ that 从句]
It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.她原来是我姐姐的朋友。
[+ 带 to 的不定式]
The job turned out to be harder than we thought.
这工作结果比我们想象的要难。
The house they had offered us turned out to be a tiny apartment.
他们向我们提供的房子原来是很小的公寓套间。
grow out of sth [无被动态] 　
A. (孩子) 长得太大而穿不上衣服,=outgrow
He's already grown out of his school uniform.他已长得穿不上他的校服了。
B. 因长大而改掉（或革除、戒除）某习惯,=outgrow
Most children suck their thumbs but they grow out of it.
大多数孩子都吮拇指，大了就好了。
C. to develop from sth 产生于，源于（某事物）
The idea for the book grew out of a visit to India.这本书的构思源于到印度的一次访问。
The tunes are easy to sing, and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought. Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak, but also about hope—with plenty of humour thrown in for good measure. You can feel an emotional connection between you and the musicians.
乡村音乐的调子朗朗上口，歌词常常发人深省。大部分歌曲唱的是艰难与心碎，但也有希望 —— 其中还附加了很多幽默元素。你可以感受到自己与音乐家之间的那种情感的联系。
throw sth in
A. （不提高售价或报价的）奉送，额外赠送
You can have the piano for $200, and I'll throw in the stool as well.
你花200元就可以买走这架钢琴，另外奉送这张琴凳。
We paid 8,000 yuan for the computer, with a printer thrown in.
我们花了 8,000 元买了这台电脑，打印机是附送的。
You can have the cellphone for 4,000 yuan, and I’ll throw in the earpiece.
您付 4,000 元就能买走这部手机，另外我还送您这副耳机。
B. 加插评语（或感叹句等）
Jack threw in the odd encouraging comment.杰克难得加了一句鼓励的话。
for good measure
作为额外增添；外加的项目
Use 50g of rice per person and an extra spoonful for good measure.
每人50克大米，再额外加一勺。
Why don’t you try phoning John one more time, for good measure 你为什么不再给约翰多打个电话试试呢？
with的复合结构
with + 宾语 +
名词
形容词
副词
介词短语
v-ing
v-ed
to do
主动、进行
被动、完成
将要发生
注：With结构不是句子，而是在句中作定语或状语，因此也不会有动词的谓语形式。
状态
with+宾语+名词
They set up a football team, with Tom their head.
With a native our guide, we needn't be afraid to get lost.
有本地人当向导，我们不必担心会迷路。
1
他们建立了一支足球队，汤姆当队长。
例：
例：
（有...做...）
表示状态
with+宾语+形容词
With the windows open, the room was very cold.
窗户大开，屋内很冷。
2
例：
表示状态
with+宾语+副词
The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.
3
所有的灯都亮时，广场显得更加美丽。
例：
表示状态
with+宾语+介词短语
The teacher came in with a book in her hand.
4
老师手里拿着书走进来。
例：
表示状态
with+宾语+V-ing
With summer coming, the weather becomes very hot.
5
随着夏天的到来，天气变得很热。（表原因）
例：
表示主动、进行
with+宾语+V-ed
With the work done, he felt greatly relieved.
6
工作完成了，他大大地松了一口气。（表时间）
例：
表示被动、完成
with+宾语+to do
With so much work to do, I have no time for holiday.
7
还有很多工作要做，因此我没有时间度假（表原因）
例：
表示将要发生
Country music shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the countryside. Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America, but the masters of country music, like John Denver, can make you feel like you’re there.
The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings:
suggestive (of sth) 使人想起…的；引起联想的
music that is suggestive of warm summer days
使人想起温暖夏日的音乐
These headaches were most suggestive of raised blood pressure.
这类头痛多是血压升高的征兆。
Almost heaven, West Virginia [v (:) d inj ]
Blue Ridge Mountains, Shenandoah [, en n'd u ] River
Life is old there, older than the trees
Younger than the mountains, growing like a breeze
西弗吉尼亚，简直就是天堂
蓝岭山脉，谢南多厄河
那里生命古老，比树更年长
又比群山年轻，像风一样生长
(From “Take Me Home, Country Roads” by John Denver)
Why don’t you try to listen to some great country music I guarantee you’ll enjoy it!
Best wishes,
Harry
2. Understanding the text
A1. Read the emails and write down the main idea of each paragraph. P18
Alice’s email
Para. 1: I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers last night.
Para. 2:
The story and music of Butterfly Lovers work well together.
Para. 3:
Harry’s email
Para. 1:
Butterfly Lovers illustrates [ il streits] how wonderfully Chinese and Western musical elements can mix.
My host family introduces me to country music.
Para. 2:
Para. 3:
Para. 4: You should listen to some country music.
Country music has a long history and it often features certain specific instruments and lyrics that leave you deep in thought.
Country music suggests a peaceful and simple life in rural America.
3. Read the first email and complete the following tasks.
(1) Fill in the following table about the plot of the story, music
characteristics and the atmosphere created by the music.
The plot Characteristics of the music Atmosphere created by the music
The two lovers first meet.
happy
light and pleasant
as if whispering to the audience
The two lovers spend three years at
school together.
fast and cheerful
The lovers are separated because
Zhu’s father forces her to marry
another man.
dramatic with heavier
notes
angry and sad
The plot Characteristics of the music Atmosphere created by the music
Liang falls sick and dies.
exciting
Zhu weeps bitterly and jumps
into Liang’s grave.
dramatic with heavier
notes
angry and sad
The couple transform into
butterflies and fly away to be
together forever.
taking a softer turn and
ending on a bittersweet
note
(2) Can you summarize the story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai based on the table above
Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai are schoolmates, who are in love with each other. But they are torn apart by their families because Zhu’s father forces her to marry another man. Angry and sad, Liang Shanbo falls sick and dies. Overcome with sorrow, Zhu Yingtai jumps into Liang’s grave and they become two butterflies and fly away to be together forever.
4. Read the second email and complete the following tasks.
(1) Fill in the following mind map about country music.
in the 1940s
in the south of America
the guitar
easy to sing
deep in thought
John Denver
“Take Me Home, Country Roads”
(2) Aanswer the following questions.
● Why is Harry’s life in Nashville interesting
Harry is interested in music. His host family in Nashville are big fans of American country music and Nashville is the place where country music originated [ rid ineitid] (起源；发源；发端于), so Harry can always rely on them to introduce him to some great songs.
● How does John Denver show the countryside surroundings
He uses simple tunes and beautiful natural images to show the countryside surroundings.
5. Have students finish A2 on page 18.
Read the emails again carefully and complete the notes below.
The violin concerto Butterfly Lovers takes us through the story of a young couple
(1) __________________________.
torn apart by their families
This beautiful piece of music expresses different moods—first light and pleasant, then (2) _______________, next dramatic with heavier notes and finally bittersweet. The piece is a perfect combination of Chinese and Western musical elements—it is played on (3) __________________ such as the violin but has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.
fast and cheerful
Western instruments
Country music grew out of such music types as (4) _____________________. It became popular in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. The tunes are easy to sing, and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought. Most of the songs are about (5) ______________________. Country music makes you think of the green fields and (6) ____________________________.
the blues and folk music
hardship, heartbreak and hope
simple life of the countryside
（二） 应用实践
1. Work in pairs to discuss the first two questions in A3.
(1) The violin concerto Butterfly Lovers is a combination of Chinese and Western musical elements. What do you think of this combination
I think this combination is quite successful. By composing Chinese music using Western instruments, the composers show that music has no boundaries.
(2) What can you know about rural America from “Take Me Home, Country Roads”
I can know that rural America has natural beauties like the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah River, which is like heaven.
2. Answer the following questions.
(1) How does Alice support her opinion that Butterfly Lovers deserves to be heard
Alice introduces this violin concerto by describing how the different parts of the music are connected to the story. She considers her experience to be an amazing journey.
Alice ends off by adding an interesting aspect about the music—it is a combination of Chinese and Western musical elements. Alice’s interpretation [ n t pr te n](理解；解释；说明) of the Butterfly Lovers violin concerto supports her opinion that it deserves to be heard.
(2) Why does Harry quote “Take Me Home, Country Roads” in his email
One of the features of country music is that it shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the countryside through its simple tunes and beautiful lyrics.
To support his viewpoint, Harry quotes part of the lyrics from “Take Me Home,Country Roads”, which is a typical example. By reading the lyrics, Stephen is able to imagine the beautiful image of the rural American countryside.
(3) Does Harry give a good introduction to country music Why or why not
In my opinion, Harry gives a very good introduction to country music. He introduces it from different aspects, such as its history, the instruments used and the characteristics of its tunes and lyrics.
He uses a typical example of American country music to support his introduction, namely(即；也就是) the singer John Denver, and his famous song “Take Me Home, Country Roads”.
3. Finish B1 on page 19 and then answer two questions.
B. Building your language
B1. The passage below is an introduction to a plete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
combine overcome transform
rely on deserve pleasant guarantee for good measure
Music has the power to (1) _________ our lives. To give the public more access to music, we will put on(举办；上演；展出) a series of free concerts. Music in different styles, from classical to jazz, will be played.
transform
You can (2) ______ us to show you some of the world’s best-known works. The first of these concerts will be held in front of the arch in the downtown square at eight next Friday e and spend a (3) ________ evening with us!
At the concert you will enjoy the Yellow River Piano Concerto, one of China’s greatest contributions to classical music.
rely on
pleasant
Like the violin concerto Butterfly Lovers, this piano concerto also (4) _________ Chinese and Western musical elements and is well received across the world. The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghai’s Yellow River Cantata [k n tɑ:t ](大合唱), tells how the Chinese people, led by the Communist Party of China, fought to (5) _________(战胜) the Japanese invaders.
combines
overcome
It consists of four movements(乐章): “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen” 《黄河船夫曲》, “Ode to the Yellow River《黄河颂》”, “The Yellow River in Anger《黄河怨/愤》” and “Defend the Yellow River”. The difficult piano solo in particular (6) ________ a mention. The concert will end with some short pieces of violin music (7) _________________. We (8) ___________ that you will enjoy this concert!
deserves
for good measure
guarantee
(1) What’s the similarity between Yellow River Piano Concerto and the violin concerto Butterfly Lovers
They both combine Chinese and Western musical elements and are well received across the world.
(2) What does Yellow River Piano Concerto tell us
It tells us how we Chinese people, led by the Communist Party of China, fought to overcome the Japanese invaders.
4. Complete B2 on page 19 following the two steps.
B2. The emails use some music-related vocabulary. Find the words in the emails and think of more on your own. Complete the chart with as many music-related words as you can.
opera, country, the blues, folk, classical, jazz, pop
violin, guitar, piano, cello, erhu
conductor, singer, pianist, violinist
composer, songwriter
behind the scenes
A. 在后台；在幕后
The students were able to go behind the scenes to see how programmes are made.学生可以跑到后台，去看看节目是怎么制作出来的。
B. 秘密地；背地里；在幕后
A lot of negotiating has been going on behind the scenes.
广泛的谈判一直在秘密进行。
behind-the-scenes work幕后工作
（三） 迁移创新
1. Pay attention to the title of the Reading part (“Understanding culture through music”) and that of the unit (“The universal language”), and then discuss the third question in A3 on page 18.
Both Alice and Harry enjoyed their experiences of music from another culture. What do you think of Alice’s opinion that “music is indeed a universal language”
I agree that music is a universal language. Sometimes we can still connect with[(与…)有同感，产生共鸣]the feelings expressed in a foreign language song without fully understanding its lyrics.It is a form of communication that does not require words.
2. Finish B3 on page 19.
B3. Alice uses personification when she describes the violin concerto Butterfly Lovers. Find the sentence and describe your favourite piece of music using personification.
Learn this: With personification, a thing is described like a human being. This way, the description becomes more vivid and interesting, enabling the reader to look at the thing in a new and different way.
The sentence using personification:
When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience.
My favourite piece of music is the one by the jazz musician George Benson called White Rabbit. The trumpet(小号) announces the piece loudly and confidently. It is followed by the gentle sounds of the electric guitar which get more energetic as they compete for your attention. As the piece progresses, all the instruments finally join hands and dance together in perfect harmony.
3. Listen to the whole piece of Butterfly Lovers after class and give a detailed description of the part that impresses them the most.
What impresses me the most is the part when Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai reunite after a long time of being apart. This part of the music is so touching.
At first, the melody sounds a bit light-hearted with the violin showing the short happiness of their reunion.Then the tone becomes very soft, symbolizing their deep love. Gradually, the melody becomes lower, slower and very sad. The melancholic(忧郁的) [ mel n k l k] tone causes me to visualize [ v u la z](使形象化；想象；构思；设想) a scene where the two of them are hugging and weeping, with their hearts bleeding.(共45张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件
Unit 2 The universal language
Welcome to the unit
制作者：桂东一中　李宇平
Music is the utmost(最大的；极度的) pleasure in life; music is the clear spring of life;
music is the furnace [ f n s]( 熔炉) of temperamental [ tempr mentl](气质的；性情的；性格的) refinement(完善;修正;改进).
—Xian Xinghai
“音乐，是人生最大的快乐；音乐，是生活中的一股清泉；音乐，是陶冶性情的熔炉。”
单元概述
主题语境:“人与社会”
话 题: “音乐”，
语篇类型：海报、电子邮件、杂志文章以及简介。
教学意图：本深刻认识音乐是一种无国界的语言，是文化的重要组成部分；欣赏音乐可以了解不同文化，增
强文化意识。
单元教学内容
语言知识
>>语音知识: 发现并欣赏英文歌曲中的节奏和韵律。
>>词汇知识
1. 单词和短语
*Austrian, composer, symphony, *concerto, *Polish, compose,deserve,pleasant,whisper, dramatic, weep, overcome, sorrow, *grave, transform, forever, combine, rely, blues, folk, tune, *lyric, rural,
surroundings, *heaven, *breeze, guarantee, jazz, arch, adaptation, communist, *invader,consist, defend, *solo, flow, *spacecraft, solar, greet, suitable, recording,distant, volume, stare, breath, unusual, grab, sweep, disc, complicated,*lane, accompany, expectation, remarkable, stream, enthusiastic, handkerchief, vast, gifted, reputation, brilliant,
prediction, extraordinary,depress, upset, possess, abandon, *orchestra, desperate, uplifting, ease,genius, variation, chorus, grand, *finale, *rhythm
tear apart, rely on, throw in, for good measure, consist of, get down to
(doing) something, all of a sudden
2. 词汇拓展
与音乐相关词汇的整理和归类。
>> 语法知识
掌握动词 -ing 形式做主语和宾语的基本规则，并能在具体语境中正确使用。
>> 语篇知识
1. 掌握海报、电子邮件、简介等文体的写作目的和结构特征。
2. 理解并掌握闪回（倒叙）这一写作手法在语篇中的运用。
>> 语用知识
通过电子邮件进行交际时，能根据交际对象的身份、事由、话题的正式与非正式程度等，选择得体的语言形式进行有效的跨文化沟通。
文化知识
1. 了解中外音乐领域的基本知识。
2. 理解和欣赏优秀音乐作品，比较和分析其形式与内涵，并能从中获取有关积极人生态度和正确价值观方面的启示。
3. 发现并理解音乐作品中所包含的文化元素及其内涵。
语言技能
· 听
1. 结合课本的文字描述，能初步欣赏和分析中西方的著名音乐作品，如《二泉映月》、《梁祝》、美国乡村音乐、贝多芬《第九交响曲》等。
2. 能从广播节目中提取关键信息点做笔记。
· 说
1. 能就乐器、著名音乐家等话题和同伴沟通交流。
2. 能向同伴口头介绍自己喜欢的歌手或乐队。
3. 能在沟通交流中通过提问进一步获取信息。
· 读
1. 读懂有关《梁祝》和美国乡村音乐的语篇，并能理解音乐作品背后的文化元素。
2. 阅读有关披头士乐队的语篇，掌握有关音乐作品和乐队歌手介绍
类文章的文体结构知识。
3. 阅读有关贝多芬的语篇，能把握篇章结构，掌握闪回（倒叙）写
作手法的相关知识；理解贝多芬作为一个伟大的音乐家，在成功之路上所付出的巨大努力。
· 写
1. 能运用拟人的修辞手法描述听音乐的体验。
2. 运用所学写一篇描述自己喜欢的歌手或乐队的文章，能使用得体的语言准确表达情感和态度。
学习策略
· 元认知策略
通过图书馆、互联网等途径收集与音乐相关的信息；有意识地通过学唱和欣赏英文歌曲增强英语语感。
· 认知策略
通过分类等手段理解和记忆词汇；能通过分析典型文体特征深入理解语篇，体会作者写作意图。
· 交际策略
就“音乐作品和类型”这一话题进行交流时，能自我监控和调整语言的正确性和得体性。
· 情感策略
通过音乐陶冶性情，通过听英文歌曲提升对英语学习的兴趣。
单元目标
1. 认识音乐是一种无国界的语言，是文化的重要组成部分；明白欣赏音乐可以了解不同文化，增强文化意识。
2. 掌握动词 -ing 形式做主语和宾语的规则、功能和特点，并能在语篇中正确理解和使用。
3. 能用英语介绍自己最喜欢的歌手或乐队。
4. 了解贝多芬非凡的人生、优秀的品质及他的旷世杰作《第九交响曲》的创作过程。
5. 与同伴合作完成一份简介，介绍一首英文歌曲。
In this unit, we are going to:
read two emails by exchange students about their experiences of discovering new music;
write an article about your favourite singer or band;
read a magazine article about a classical musician;
make a profile [ pr fa l](概述；简介；传略) of an English song.
Welcome to the unit
◆ 内容分析
本板块以两张海报的形式介绍了两种具有代表性的乐器：二胡和钢琴。海报中分别从乐器的历史、乐器的组件、该种乐器的代表音乐家和其经典曲目等方面呈现了相关信息。通过讨论和回答问题，进一步学习更多与乐器、乐曲、音乐家相关的知识以及它们的英文表达方式，为本单元的深入学习做好铺垫。
◆ 教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. find out the key information from the two posters;
2. describe how we feel when listening to the pieces of music mentioned in the posters;
3. share with peers what they know about musical instruments, famous musical pieces and well-known musicians.
◆ 教学过程
　1. Listen to two pieces of music (Moonlight on the Second Spring《二泉映月》 and Symphony No. 41), and answer the following questions.
What are the names of the two pieces of music What musical instrument is used in each piece
The name of the first piece of music is Moonlight on the Second Spring and it is played on the erhu. The name of the second piece is Symphony No. 41 (the Jupiter
Symphony), and it is played on the piano.
2. Musical instruments come in a wide range of types. Read the posters below about two important musical instruments and the musicians, and discuss the following questions in pairs. P15
head琴头
pegs琴轴
stick琴杆
strings琴弦
bow琴弓
soundbox
琴筒
Erhu
—Invented in China in the Tang Dynasty
Hua Yanjun华彦钧
Also known as A Bing, a blind erhu artist
Famous for Moonlight on the Second Spring
Liu Tianhua
Improved the erhu instrument and its performing techniques
Famous for Moon Night and Birdsong over Empty Mountain《空山鸟语》
lid
Keyboard琴键
strings
pedals踏板
Piano
　—Invented in Italy in the early 18th century
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
[ w lfg ɑ mɑ de s m tsɑ t]
An Austrian composer
Famous for Symphony No. 41 (the
Jupiter Symphony) and Piano Concerto
No. 23
Frédéric Fran ois Chopin
[ fred( ) rik frɑ nswɑ p n/
A Polish composer and pianist
Famous for the Minute Waltz [w ls; w lts] 《一分钟圆舞曲》
3. Read the two posters on page 15 carefully again, and fill in the following table.
History Famous musicians
Erhu Invented in China in the Tang Dynasty Name Hua Yanjun (A Bing)
Nationality
Masterpiece(s)
Chinese
Moonlight on the Second
Spring
Liu Tianhua
Chinese
Moon Night
Birdsong over Empty
Mountain
History Famous musicians
Piano Name Frédéric Fran ois Chopin
Nation-ality
Master-piece(s)
Austrian
Symphony No. 41 (the Jupiter Symphony)
Piano Concerto No. 23
Polish
Minute Waltz
Invented
in Italy
in the
early 18th
century
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
4. Describe the two instruments using our own words based on the table above.
The erhu is a kind of traditional Chinese musical instrument invented in the Tang Dynasty. Hua Yanjun and Liu Tianhua were two well-known erhu artists and composers.
The most famous piece of music created by Hua Yanjun is Moonlight on the Second Spring. Liu Tianhua was famous for Moon Night and Birdsong over Empty Mountain.
The piano was invented in Italy in the early 18th century. Mozart was an Austrian composer, famous for Symphony No. 41 and Piano Concerto No. 23. Chopin was a Polish composer and pianist, famous for the Minute Waltz.
5. Work in pairs to discuss the following question.
What else do you know about the four musicians mentioned in the two posters
Hua Yanjun, also known as A Bing, was a native artist of Wuxi. At an early age, he learnt Taoism [ da z m] (道教)music. Showing a talent for music, he was soon able to play a variety of musical instruments. He lived a very poor life and later became blind. In order to make a living, he played the erhu while begging on the street.
All through his life,he composed many pieces of music and his most famous one is Moonlight on the Second Spring. It is said that the “Second Spring” in the title of the piece refers to the Huishan Spring, where A Bing often performed to make money.
6. Work in groups and answer the two questions on page 15.
1) Search online for the pieces of music mentioned in the posters. How do you feel when listening to them
A Bing’s Moonlight on the Second Spring awakens feelings of sadness in me at first. Listening to the soft sound of the erhu reminds me of the composer’s tough life. But as the piece continues and the erhu gets stronger, I imagine A Bing becoming more determined because he wouldn’t give up hope. By the end, my sadness is replaced with admiration for A Bing’s amazing talent.
When I listen to Liu Tianhua’s popular piece Moon Night, an image of a beautiful quiet moon night appears in my mind. The sounds of the erhu cause me to feel peaceful but at the same time excited. I imagine that the composer longed for a beautiful future.
The gentle sounds of the erhu in Liu Tianhua’s Birdsong over Empty Mountain make me feel very relaxed and happy. I am immediately transported(使产生身临其境的感觉) to the mountains where the sweet sounds of birds singing can be heard.
Mozart’s Symphony No. 41 fills me with so much energy and enjoyment(愉快；快乐；乐趣). I felt so struck[被某人(或某物)打动；迷恋某人(或某物)] and amazed by it that I didn’t realize the music had ended when it did. It is fun to listen to.
The uplifting(令人振奋的；鼓舞人心的；催人奋进的) and joyful music of Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. 23 feels light and positive. In the piece, the tone of the piano solo changes to a melancholic [ mel n k l k](忧郁的) one, but that does not last long before the music becomes cheerful again. The genius of Mozart is clearly displayed in this piece. I would like to listen to his other piano concertos and experience more of his amazing talent.
In Chopin’s Minute Waltz, some parts of the piece are played very energetically. It slows down for a while before it picks up the pace again. I find the music not only interesting to listen to, but also fun to dance to.
2) What other musical instruments and famous musical pieces or musicians do you know about
The dizi (Chinese bamboo flute) is a classical Chinese woodwind(木管乐器) instrument that is a staple(主要部分；重要内容) of Chinese folk music.
It is also commonly used in Chinese opera and the modern Chinese orchestra today. Zhang Weiliang is one of the leading performers on the dizi and he launched the Chinese Bamboo Flute Orchestra. I was deeply moved by his musical piece Tears for Flowers(花泣) when I first listened to it.
The violin is a very popular musical instrument which has been around for hundreds of years. Nowadays, there are electronic violins that can create the most amazing sounds and music pieces. However, I am a big fan of the more classical violin pieces, like The Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi.
He uses the violin to describe each of the four seasons very well. “Spring” is my favourite of the four-part piece.(共247张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件
Unit 2 The universal language
Words
制作者：桂东一中　李宇平
1. Austrian [ stri n]
1)adj. 奥地利的；奥地利人的；奥地利文化的;
2)n.奥地利人
Austria [' str ] n. 奥地利;
Australia [ stre li ] n. 澳大利亚，澳洲; 澳元;
Australian| stre li n; : stre -|
澳大利亚的;澳大利亚人
2. composer|k m p z (r); 美 - po z-| n.（尤指古典音乐的）创作者；作曲者；作曲家
composition| k mp z n; 美 kɑ:m-| n.
A. [U] 成分；构成；组合方式
B. [C] （音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品
C. [U] 作曲；创作
D. [U] 作曲艺术
E. [C] 作文；小论文
F.[U](美术) （绘画、摄影的）构图
3. symphony| s mf ni| n.(pl. -ies)
交响乐；交响曲
symphonic|s m f n k; 美 - fɑ:n-|adj.
4. concerto|k n t :t ; 美 - t :rto | (pl. –os) 协奏曲
concert| k ns t; 美 kɑ:ns rt| n.
音乐会；演奏会
in concert with sb/sth
(formal) 与…合作（或同心协力）
5. Polish [ p l ] adj. 波兰的; 与波兰有关的; 波兰人的; 波兰语的;
polish| p l ; 美 pɑ:l-|
1)v.
A. ~ sth (up) (with sth) 擦光；磨光
Polish shoes regularly to protect the leather.要经常擦鞋，以保护皮革。
He polished his glasses with a handkerchief.他用手绢揩拭眼镜。
B. vt. ~ sth (up) 修改；润饰；润色
The statement was carefully polished and checked before release.这项声明是经仔细润色检查后才发表的。
polish sth off (informal) 很快做完；（尤指）迅速吃光
He polished off the remains of the apple pie.
他把剩下的苹果派赶快吃完。
2)n.
A. 擦光剂；上光剂； 亮光剂
B.[单数] 抛光；上光；擦亮
I give it a polish now and again.
我不时把它擦亮。
C. [单数] 擦光的面；打磨光亮的面
D. [U] （表演的）完美，娴熟，精湛
E. [U] 文雅；优雅；品味；礼貌
6. compose|k m p z; 美 - po z| v.
A. vt.[无被动态] (不用于进行时) (formal) 组成，构成（一个整体）,=make up
Ten men compose the committee.
委员会由十人组成。
B. 作曲；创作（音乐）
Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。
C. vt. ~ a letter/speech/poem 撰写（信函、讲稿、诗歌等）
She composed a letter of protest.
她写了一封抗议信。
D. vt.[无被动态](formal) 使镇静；使平静
Emma frowned, making an effort to compose herself .
埃玛皱起了眉头，努力使自己镇定下来。
I was so confused that I could hardly compose my thoughts.
我心烦意乱，难以镇定思绪。
composed|k m p zd; 美 - po zd|adj.
A. be composed of sth 由…组成（或构成）的
The committee is composed mainly of lawyers.委员会主要由律师组成。
B. [名词前不常用] 镇静；镇定；平静
She seemed outwardly composed.
她表面上好像很镇静。
composure|k m p (r); 美 - po -|
[U] 沉着；镇静；镇定
to keep/lose/recover/regain your composure保持 / 失去 / 恢复镇静
7. deserve|d z :v; 美 d z :rv| vt.
(不用于进行时) 值得；应得；应受
You deserve a rest after all that hard work.
辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。
The report deserves careful consideration.
这报告应该给予认真考虑。
One player in particular deserves a mention.有一名运动员特别值得表扬。
What have I done to deserve this
我做了什么事应该得到这种待遇呢？
[动词 + 带to的不定式]
They didn't deserve to win.
他们不该赢。
He deserves to be locked up for ever for what he did.
他做了这样的事，应该终身监禁。
sb deserves a medal
(informal) （用以夸奖某人完成了艰巨任务）应给某人授勋
get what you deserve | deserve all/everything you get
(informal) 罪有应得
8. tear sb apart
A.使（关系密切的人）分离，分开
War and revolution have torn families apart.
战争和革命导致许多家庭妻离子散。
B. 使不快；使担心,=rip sb apart
It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings.一想到我可能伤害了她的感情，我就感到痛心。
tear sth apart
A. 撕毁；撕碎
The dogs tore the fox apart.
几条狗把那只狐狸撕成了碎片。
B. 使四分五裂；使分崩离析
C. 把（某处）翻得凌乱不堪
They tore the room apart, looking for money.他们为了找钱，把房间翻得乱七八糟。
9. pleasant| pleznt| adj. (pleasanter, pleasantest)
A. 令人愉快的；可喜的；宜人的；吸引人的
What a pleasant surprise!
这真是一桩令人又惊又喜的事！
to live in pleasant surroundings
生活在宜人的环境中
It was pleasant to be alone again.
又只剩下一个人了，真自在。
B. ~ (to sb) 友好的；和善的；文雅的
a pleasant smile/voice/manner
和蔼可亲的笑容 / 声音 / 态度
Please try to be pleasant to our guests.
请对我们的客人尽量客气点。
unpleasant令人不快的；不舒服的;不和蔼的；不客气的；不礼貌的
pleasantly adv.
I was pleasantly surprised by my exam results.我的考试成绩真让我喜出望外。
‘Can I help you ’ he asked pleasantly.
“需要帮忙吗？”他和悦地说。
pleasantness[U]
She remembered the pleasantness of the evening.
她对那个愉快的夜晚记忆犹新。
10. whisper | w sp (r)|
1)v.
A. 耳语；低语；私语；小声说,=murmur
Don't you know it's rude to whisper
难道你不知道窃窃私语是不礼貌的吗？
What are you two whispering about
你们两人在低声说些什么？
‘Can you meet me tonight ’ he whispered.
“你今晚能和我见面吗？”他小声问。
She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.
她探过身去附耳跟他说了些什么。
He whispered to me that he was afraid.
他低声对我说他害怕。
B. [常用被动态] 私下说；秘密告诉；悄声暗示
It was whispered that he would soon die and he did.有人私下说他将不久于人世，他果然死了。
C. vi.(literary) (叶子、风等) 沙沙作响；发飒飒声
2) n.
A. 耳语（声）；低语（声）；私语（声）,=murmur
They spoke in whispers .他们在交头接耳。
Her voice dropped to a whisper.
她压低声音小声说话。
B. ( also whispering) (literary) 轻柔的声音,=murmur
I could hear the whispering of the sea.
我听见大海在轻声诉说。
C. 传言；谣传,=rumour
I've heard whispers that he's leaving.
我听人传说他要走。
11. dramatic |dr m t k| adj.
A. (变化、事情等) 突然的；巨大的；令人吃惊的
a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement
暴涨；暴跌；巨变；巨大的改进
dramatic results/ developments/ news出人意料的结果；突飞猛进的发展；令人吃惊的消息
The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices.这项公告对房屋价格产生了巨大的影响。
B. 激动人心的；引人注目的；给人印象深刻的
a dramatic victory激动人心的胜利
C. [常用于名词前] 戏剧的；有关戏剧的；戏剧学的
D. 戏剧性的；戏剧般的；夸张做作的
Don’t be so dramatic!别那么夸张做作！
dramatically|-kli|adv.
Prices have fallen dramatically.
价格突然暴跌。
Events could have developed in a dramatically different way.
事情本来可以发展成另一种样子。
‘At last! ’ she cried dramatically.
“终于成功了！”她激动地叫起来。
drama | drɑ:m | n.
A.[C] 戏；剧
B. [U] 戏剧文学；戏剧艺术；戏剧
C. [C] 戏剧性事件；戏剧性情节
D. [U] 激动；兴奋；刺激
You couldn't help being thrilled by the drama of the situation.你不禁为这充满激情的场面激动不已。
make a drama out of sth
小题大做；大惊小怪
12. weep |wi:p|
1)v. (wept, wept |wept|)
A. ~ (for/with sth) | ~ (at/over sth) (formal,or literary) （通常因悲伤）哭泣，流泪
She started to weep uncontrollably.
她不由自主地哭了起来。
He wept for joy.他高兴得流泪了。
I do not weep over his death.
他死了我也不哭。
I could have wept thinking about what I'd missed.
想到所失去的东西，我真想痛哭一场。
She wept bitter tears of disappointment.她失望得痛哭流涕。
[动词 + 带to的不定式]
I wept to see him looking so sick.
看到他病成那个样子我怆然泪下。
B. vi. (通常用于进行时) (伤口) 流出，渗出（液体）
2)n. [单数] 哭泣；落泪
Sometimes you feel better for a good weep.有时候你痛痛快快哭上一场就会觉得好受些。
13. overcome | v k m; 美 o v r k m| vt. (overcame |- ke m|, overcome)
A. 克服；解决
She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
B. 战胜
In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
C. [常用被动态] 受到…的极大影响,=overwhelm
Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.
在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。
The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair. 考试前的晚上，恐惧和绝望让我内心无比惊慌。
14. sorrow| s r ; 美 sɑ:ro ; s :-|
1)n.
A. [U] ~ (at/for/over sth) 悲伤；悲痛；悲哀,=grief
They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger .他们说作出这个决定，与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤。
He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death.听到她的死讯，他表示哀伤。
Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave.
不胜伤悲，她跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。
B. [C] 伤心事；悲伤事；不幸
the joys and sorrows of childhood
童年的欢乐和悲伤
2)vi.(literary) 感到（或表示）悲伤
the sorrowing relatives悲伤的亲属
sorrowful | s r fl; 美 sɑ:ro -; s :-| adj. (literary) 悲伤的；悲痛的；悲哀的
her sorrowful eyes她那悲伤的眼睛
sorrowfully|-f li|adv.
15. grave|gre v|
1)n.
A. 坟墓；墓穴；坟头
We visited Grandma's grave.
我们给祖母扫了墓。
B. [单数] (often the grave) (usually literary) 死亡；去世；逝世
Is there life beyond the grave (= life after death) 人死后有来生吗？
He followed her to the grave (= died soon after her) .
他紧跟着她离开了人世。
She smoked herself into an early grave (= died young as a result of smoking) .她因抽烟而早逝。
turn in his/her grave
(British English) (North Amercian English roll in his/her grave) (亡者) 九泉之下不得安宁
My father would turn in his grave if he knew.我父亲知道的话在九泉之下也会不得安宁的。
2)adj. (graver, gravest) (formal) 　
A. (形势、感情等) 严重的；重大的；严峻的；深切的
The police have expressed grave concern about the missing child's safety.
警方对失踪孩子的安全深表关注。
The consequences will be very grave if nothing is done.如果不采取任何措施后果将会是非常严重的。
We were in grave danger.
我们处于极大的危险之中。
B. (人) 严肃的；庄严的；表情沉重的
He looked very grave as he entered the room.他进屋时表情非常严肃。
gravely adv.
She is gravely ill. 她病得很重。
Local people are gravely concerned.
当地人都深感不安。
He nodded gravely as I poured out my troubles.我倾诉我的苦恼时他心情沉重地点了点头。
16. transform|tr ns f :m; 美 - f :rm|
vt. ~ sth/sb (from sth) (into sth) 　
A. 使改变形态,=convert [k n v t , k nv t]
B. 使改变外观（或性质）；使改观
A new colour scheme will transform your bedroom.
新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新。
It was an event that would transform my life.
那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。
transformation| tr nsf me n; 美 -f r m-| n.
A. ~ (from sth) (to/into sth) （彻底的）变化，改观，转变，改革
The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformation in the past decade.在过去的十年里，我们的工作方式经历了彻底的变革。
What a transformation! You look great.
真是判若两人！你看上去真神气。
B. [U] （用于南非）民主改革
transformational|- nl|adj.
trans-|tr nz; tr ns|
A. (构成形容词) 横穿；通过；超越
transatlantic横渡大西洋的
transcontinental横贯大陆的
B. (构成动词) 进入（另一地方）；成为（另一状态）
transplant移植
17. forever|f r ev (r)| adv.
A. (British English also for ever) 永远
After her death, their lives changed forever.
她死后他们的生活从此改变了。
Just keep telling yourself that it won't last forever.要不停地提醒自己，这不会永世长存的。
B. (British English also for ever) (informal 长久地
It takes her forever to get dressed.
她穿衣打扮要用好长的时间。
C. (informal) （与动词进行时连用）老是，没完没了地
She's forever going on about how poor they are.
她老是没完没了地讲他们有多穷。
bine|k m ba n|
1)v.
A. ~ (sth) (with sth) | ~ A and B (together) （使）结合，组合，联合，混合
Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢与氧化合成水。
Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.氢与氧化合成水。
Several factors had combined to ruin our plans.
几种因素加在一起毁了我们的计划。
Combine all the ingredients in a bowl.
把所有的配料放在碗里拌匀。
Combine the eggs with a little flour.
把鸡蛋和少量的面粉搅匀。
The German team scored a combined total of 652 points.
德国队综合得分为652分。
B. vt. ~ A and/with B 兼有；兼备；使融合（或并存）
The hotel combines comfort with convenience.
这家旅馆既舒适又方便。
a kitchen and dining-room combined
厨房兼饭厅
We are still looking for someone who combines all the necessary qualities.我们仍在寻觅兼备所有必要才能的人选。
C. vt. ~ A and/with B 同时做（两件或以上的事）；兼做；兼办
The trip will combine business with pleasure.
此次旅行将把出差和娱乐结合起来。
She has successfully combined a career and bringing up a family.她成功地兼顾了事业和抚养子女。
D. 合并；协力
They combined against a common enemy.他们联手对付共同的敌人。
the combined effects of the two drugs两种药物的复合疗效
You should try to combine exercise with a healthy diet.
你应该把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。
It took the combined efforts of both the press and the public to bring about a change in the law.这项法律的变更来自媒体和公众的通力合作。
join/combine forces (with sb)
to work together in order to achieve a shared aim （同…）联合；（与…）合作
The two firms joined forces to win the contract.
两家公司联合起来争取合同。
combination | k mb ne n; 美 kɑ:m-| n.
A. [C] 结合体；联合体；混合体
His treatment was a combination of surgery, radiation and drugs.对他的治疗是把手术、放射和药物治疗结合为一体。
Technology and good management. That's a winning combination .
技术加良好的管理，这是取胜的组合。
B. [U] 结合；联合；混合
The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.这家公司与几家海外合伙人在联合开发新产品。
C. [C] （用于开密码锁的）数码组合，字码组合
I can't remember the combination.
我不记得密码锁的数码组合了。
D. combinations (British English)[复数] （旧时的）连裤内衣
19. rely|r la |(relies, relying, relied, relied)
rely on/upon sb/sth
A. to need or depend on sb/sth 依赖；依靠
As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.
在婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。
[+ 带 to 的不定式]
These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。
[+ -ing 短语]
The industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low.
这一产业靠的是原料便宜，不涨价。
B. to trust or have faith in sb/sth 信任；信赖
You should rely on your own judgement.
你应该相信你自己的判断。
[+ 带 to 的不定式]
You can rely on me to keep your secret.
你可以相信我一定会为你保守秘密。
He can't be relied on to tell the truth.
不能指望他说真话。
20. blues |blu:z| n.
A. (often the blues) [U] 布鲁斯音乐， 蓝调 （源于美国南部黑人，节奏感强、缓慢忧郁）
a blues band/singer布鲁斯乐队 / 歌手
B. [C] (pl. blues)
a blues song 布鲁斯歌曲； 蓝调歌曲
C. the blues [复数] 忧郁；悲伤；沮丧
the Monday morning blues
星期一早晨的郁闷情绪
21. folk|f k; 美 fo k|
1)adj. [只用于名词前] 　
A. ( 艺术、文化等) 传统民间的；民俗的
folk art民间艺术
B. 流传民间的；普通百姓的
Garlic is widely used in Chinese folk medicine.
大蒜广泛应用于中国民间医药。
2)n.
A. ( also folks especially in North American English) [复数](informal) 人们
I'd like a job working with old folk or kids.
我喜欢与老人或小孩打交道的工作。
the folks back home家乡的乡亲父老
B. folks [复数](informal) 各位；大伙儿
Well, folks, what are we going to do today
喂，伙计们，我们今天要干什么？
C. folks [复数](informal,especially North American English) 亲属；家属；（尤指）爹妈
How are your folks 你爸妈好吗？
D. [复数] （某国、某地区或某生活方式的）普通百姓
country folk 乡下人
townsfolk城里人
farming folk农民
E. ( also folk music) [U] 民间音乐
a folk festival/concert
民间音乐节 / 会
22. tune|tju:n; 美 tu:n|
1)[C] 曲调；曲子
I don't know the title but I recognize the tune.
我不知道曲名，但听得出这曲调。
be in/out of tune (with sb/sth)（与…）协调 / 不协调，一致 / 不一致，融洽 / 不融洽
These proposals are perfectly in tune with our own thoughts on the subject.这些建议与我们在这个问题上的想法完全一致。
The President is out of tune with public opinion.总统与公众舆论大唱反调。
in/out of tune音调正确 / 不正确；演奏合调 / 走调
None of them could sing in tune.
他们中没有一个人能唱得合调。
The piano is out of tune.
钢琴弹得走调了。
to the tune of sth(informal) （用于强调）总额达，总数为
2)vt.
A. （为乐器）调音，校音
to tune a guitar给吉他调弦
B. 调整，调节（发动机）
C. [常用被动态] ~ sth (in) (to sth) （给收音机、电视等）调谐，调频道
The radio was tuned (in) to the BBC World Service.收音机调到了英国广播公司国际广播电台。
(informal) Stay tuned for the news coming up next.
别转台，下面的新闻马上就来。
D. ~ sth (to sth) 调整；使协调；使适合
His speech was tuned to what the audience wanted to hear.
他在演讲中专讲听众爱听的话。
tune in (to sth)收听（收音机广播节目）；收看（电视节目）
tune in to sb/sth
理解，体谅（他人的思想感情等）
tune out | tune sb/sth out
不理睬；思想开小差
When she started talking about her job, he just tuned out.
在她开始谈她工作的时候，他走神了。
tune up | tune sth up
（乐队等为乐器）调音，定弦
The orchestra was tuning up as we entered the hall.我们进入音乐厅时，管弦乐队正在调音。
23. lyric| l r k|
1)n.
A. [C] 抒情诗
B. lyrics [复数] 歌词
2)adj.
A. (诗歌) 抒情的
B. 吟唱的；为吟唱谱写的
epic| ep k|叙事诗；史诗;史诗般的
24. throw sth in
A. （不提高售价或报价的）奉送，额外赠送
You can have the piano for $200, and I'll throw in the stool as well.
你花200元就可以买走这架钢琴，另外奉送这张琴凳。
B. 加插评语（或感叹句等）
Jack threw in the odd (偶然出现的；偶尔发生的；不规律的) encouraging comment.杰克难得加了一句鼓励的话。
25. for good measure
作为额外增添；外加的项目
Use 50g of rice per person and an extra spoonful for good measure.
每人50克大米，再额外加一勺。
26. rural| r r l; 美 r r l| adj. [常用于名词前] 乡村的；农村的；似农村的
rural areas农村地区
a rural way of life乡村的生活方式
urban[常用于名词前] 城市的；都市的；城镇的
27. surroundings|s ra nd z|
[复数] 环境,=environment
to work in pleasant surroundings
在愉快的环境中工作
The buildings have been designed to blend in with[(与环境)和谐，协调] their surroundings. 这些建筑物设计巧妙，与周围环境浑然一体。
surrounding |s ra nd | adj.
[只用于名词前] 周围的；附近的
28. heaven| hevn| n.
A. (also Heaven) [U] (不与the连用) (某些宗教) 天堂；天国
B.(informal) 极乐之地；极乐
This isn't exactly my idea of heaven!
这可不太像我所想象的那么美妙！
It was heaven being away from the office for a week.
一个星期远离办公室真是快活极了。
The island is truly a heaven on earth .那个岛堪称人间天堂。
C. the heavens [复数](literary) 天空
Four tall trees stretched up to the heavens.四棵大树参天而立。
(Good) Heavens! | Heavens above!
(informal) （表示惊奇或气恼）天哪，我的天
Good heavens, what are you doing
天哪，你在干什么？
the heavens opened下起了倾盆大雨
made in heaven (尤指婚姻或其他关系) 天作之合；天造地设
29. breeze|bri:z|
1)n.
A. [C] 微风；和风
The flowers were gently swaying in the breeze .花儿在微风中轻轻舞动。
A light breeze was blowing.轻风习习。
B. [单数](informal) 轻而易举的事
It was a breeze.这事不费吹灰之力。
2)v. [~ + 副词或介词短语] 轻盈而自信地走
She just breezed in and asked me to help.
她一阵风似的飘然进来，要求我帮她。
breeze through sth轻易通过；轻松完成
He breezed through the tests.
他轻松顺利地通过了这些测试。
30. guarantee| g r n ti:|
1) v.
A.vt. 保证；担保；保障
Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.
现在，包括言论自由在内的基本人权已有了保障。
We cannot guarantee (that) our flights will never be delayed.我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不误点。
The ticket will guarantee you free entry.
这张票可保证你免费入场。
[动词 + 带to的不定式]
We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我们保证一周内交货。
B. vt. ~ sth (against sth) 提供（产品）保修单（免费掉换或修理有问题的产品）
This iron is guaranteed for a year against faulty workmanship.
这种熨斗如有工艺缺陷可保修一年。
C. 使必然发生；确保
Tonight's victory guarantees the team's place in the final.
今晚的胜利确保这个队能进入决赛。
These days getting a degree doesn't guarantee you a job.
如今获得学位并不能保证你就有工作。
D. [动词 (+ that从句)] 肯定…必然发生
You can guarantee (that) the children will start being naughty as soon as they have to go to bed.
孩子一到该上床睡觉时一定就不听话了。
E. 承诺对…负法律责任；为…作保
to guarantee a bank loan
为银行贷款作保
[动词 + 带to的不定式]
to guarantee to pay sb's debts
为某人的债务作保
I guarantee that he will appear in court.我保证他会出庭。
be guaranteed to do sth
肯定会；必定会
If we try to keep it a secret, she's guaranteed to find out.
如果我们试图保密，她肯定会发现。
That kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make him angry.
那样的行为肯定会让他生气。
2)n.
A. 保证；担保,=assurance
He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
他向我保证这种事情绝不会再发生。
B. 保修单；保用证书
We provide a 5-year guarantee against rust.我们保证5年不生锈。
The watch is still under guarantee .
这只手表仍在保修期内。
The television comes with a year's guarantee.这电视机有一年的保修期。
a money-back guarantee退货保证
C. ~ (of sth) | ~ (that…) 起保证作用的事物
Career success is no guarantee of happiness.
事业成功并不是幸福的保证。
There's no guarantee that she'll come .不能保证她一定会来。
D. 保证金；抵押品
We had to offer our house as a guarantee when getting the loan.
我们在贷款时不得不拿房子作抵押。
31. jazz|d z|
1) [U] 爵士乐
traditional/modern jazz
传统 / 现代爵士乐
and all that jazz(informal) :and things like that以及诸如此类的东西（或事情）
How's it going You know─love, life and all that jazz.
怎么样啊？你知道——说的就是爱情、生活以及诸如此类的事情嘛。
2)v.
jazz sth up(informal) 　
A. 使某事更有趣；使某事更令人兴奋；使某事更有吸引力
B. 使一段音乐听起来更现代化；使更具有流行音乐（或爵士乐）的风格
It's a jazzed up version of an old tune.
这是把一段古老的曲调翻新了。
32. arch|ɑ:t ; 美 ɑ:rt |
1)n.
A. 拱（支撑如桥梁或房屋上部的弧形结构）
B. 拱门
Go through the arch and follow the path.
穿过拱门沿小径往前走。
Marble Arch is a famous London landmark.
大理石拱门是伦敦著名的标志性建筑。
C. 足背；足弓
D. 拱形；拱形物
the delicate arch of her eyebrows
她那弯弯的柳眉
2)v.
A. （使）成弓形
The cat arched its back and hissed.
猫弓起背发出嘶嘶声。
B. vi. 呈拱形覆盖；呈弧形横跨
Tall trees arched over the path.
大树呈拱形遮阴了小道。
3)adj. [常用于名词前](often disapproving) 调皮的；淘气的
an arch tone of voice调皮的语气
archly adv.
‘Guess what ’ she said archly.
“猜猜看？”她调皮地说道。
33. adaptation| d p te n| n.
A. [C] 改编本；改写本
a screen adaptation of Shakespeare's ‘Macbeth ’莎士比亚悲剧《麦克佩斯》的电影改写本
B. [U] 适应
the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions
沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应
adapt| d pt| v.
A.vt. ~ sth (for sth) 使适应，使适合（新用途、新情况）,=modify
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样可以修改，以适应个人不同爱好。
B. ~ (yourself) (to sth) 适应（新情况）,=adjust
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
A large organization can be slow to adapt to change.
大机构可能应变迟缓。
The organisms were forced to adapt in order to survive.
生物被迫适应，以求生存。
It's amazing how soon you adapt.
你这么快就适应了，真是令人惊奇。
It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.
他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。
C. vt. ~ sth (for sth) (from sth) 改编；改写
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
adaptive| d pt v|adj. (术语) 适应的；有适应能力的
munist | k mj n st; 美 kɑ:m-|
1) n.
A. 共产主义者；共产主义的支持者
B. Communist 共产党党员
2) adj. ( also Communist) 　
a Communist country/ government/ leader
共产主义的国家 / 政府 / 领袖
communism| k mjun z m; 美 kɑ:m-| [U] 　
A. 共产主义
B. Communism 共产主义制度
35. invader| n ve d (r)| n.
武装入侵的军队（或国家）；侵略者
a foreign invader外国侵略者
(figurative)The white blood cells attack cells infected with an invader.
白细胞攻击受到感染的细胞。
invade| n ve d| v.
A. 武装入侵；侵略；侵犯
B. vt（尤指造成损害或混乱地）涌入；侵袭
The cancer cells may invade other parts of the body.
癌细胞可能扩散到身体的其他部位。
C. vt. 侵扰；干扰
Do the press have the right to invade her privacy in this way 新闻界有权以这种方式干扰她的私生活吗？
Invasion | n ve n| n.
A. 武装入侵；侵略；侵犯
B. （尤指烦扰的）涌入
the annual tourist invasion
一年一度游客的涌入
C. 侵犯；干预
The actress described the photographs of her as an invasion of privacy .
那位女演员认为她的这些照片是对隐私权的侵犯。
invasive| n ve s v| adj. (formal) 　
A. (尤指体内疾病) 侵入的；侵袭的
invasive cancer扩散性肿瘤
B. (医疗) 切入的；开刀的
invasive surgery开刀手术
36. consist of sth由…组成（或构成）|k n s st|
The committee consists of ten members.
委员会由十人组成。
Their diet consisted largely of vegetables.
他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。
Most of the fieldwork consisted of making tape recordings.
现场工作多半为进行磁带录音。
consist in sth (formal) 存在于；在于
The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。
True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。
37. defend|d fend| v.
A. ~ (sb/yourself/sth) (from/against sb/sth) 防御；保护；保卫
All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.
我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。
Troops have been sent to defend the borders.已派出部队去守卫边疆。
It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack.
防御全面进攻是不可能的。
B. Vt. ~ sb/yourself/sth (from/against sb/sth) 辩解；辩白
Politicians are skilled at defending themselves against their critics.从政者都善于为自己辩解，反驳别人的批评。
How can you defend such behaviour
你怎能为这种行为辩解呢？
C. (体育运动) 防守,
反义词：attack
D. vt. 参加比赛（或选举）保住（头衔、席位等）
He is defending champion .
他在参加卫冕赛。
She will be defending her title at next month's championships.
她将在下月的锦标赛上争取蝉联冠军。
(政)He intends to defend his seat in the next election.
他想在下届选举中寻求连任。
E. （为…）辩护，当辩护律师
He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him.
他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。
defence|d fens| n. defense
A. [U] 防御；保护；保卫
What points can be raised in defence of this argument
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
B. ~ (against sth) 防御物；防务；防御能力
Humour is a more effective defence than violence.
幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。
C. [U] 国防机构；国防体系
Further cuts in defence spending are being considered.
目前正在考虑进一步削减国防开支。
D. [C] 辩解；辩白
E.[C] 辩护；辩词；答辩
He wanted to conduct his own defence.他想自己为自己辩护。
F. the defence [单数名词 +单数/复数 动词] 辩护律师
G. [单数, U] 防守队员；防守；后卫
(British English)She plays in defence .
她打防守。
(North Amercian English)He plays on defense .他打防守。
H. [C] 卫冕赛
Milan's defence of the European Cup欧洲冠军杯米兰队冠军卫冕赛
defensive |d fens v|
1)adj.
A. 防御的；保护的；保卫的
B. 戒备的；怀有戒心的；自卫的
Don't ask him about his plans─he just gets defensive.
别问他有什么计划——他老存有戒心。
B. (体) 防守的
defensive play防守型打法
defensively adv.
defensiveness[U]
2)n. on/onto the defensive
处于防御姿态；处于戒备状态；采取守势
38. solo| s l ; 美 so lo |
1)n. (pl. -os)
A. 独唱；独奏；独舞；单人表演
a guitar solo吉他独奏
B. 单飞
2)adj. [只用于名词前] 　
A. 独自的；单独的
his first solo flight他的首次单飞
a solo effort 一人之力
B. 独唱的；独奏的
a solo artist独唱歌手
a piece for solo violin小提琴独奏曲
3) adv.
She wanted to fly solo across the Atlantic.
她想独自一人驾机飞越大西洋。
After three years with the band he decided to go solo .
跟那支乐队合作三年后，他决定单飞。
39. flow|fl ; 美 flo |
1)vi.
A. ~ (back/down, etc.) | ~ (into, through, etc. sth) (液体、气体或电) 流；流动
It's here that the river flows down into the ocean.这条河就在这里汇入海洋。
Blood flowed from a cut on her head.
血从她头上的伤口处流出来。
She lost control and the tears began to flow.她禁不住泪如泉涌。
B. vi.[~ + 副词或介词短语] (人或事物) 涌流；流动
Constant streams of traffic flowed past.车流不断通过。
C.流畅
Conversation flowed freely throughout the meal.
席间大家一直谈笑甚欢。
D. 有的是；大量供应
It was obvious that money flowed freely in their family.
显然他们家族有的是钱。
E. [~+ 副词或介词短语] 被强烈感到
Fear and excitement suddenly flowed over me.我突然感到又恐惧又兴奋。
F.~ (down/over sth) 飘垂；飘拂
Her hair flowed down over her shoulders.她的头发垂到肩上。
G. (海潮) 涨；涨潮
flow from sth(formal) 来自；由…引起
2)n.
A. ~ (of sth/sb) 流；流动
She tried to stop the flow of blood from the wound.她试图止住伤口流血。
B. ~ (of sth) 持续生产；不断供应
to encourage the free flow of information鼓励信息自由交流
C. 滔滔不绝
You've interrupted my flow─I can't remember what I was saying.你打断了我的话——我记不得我在说什么了。
As usual, Tom was in full flow .
汤姆如常地口若悬河。
D. ~ of sth 连贯；流畅
Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.
例子太多会使行文不流畅。
E. 涨潮
go with the flow(informal) 随大溜
40. spacecraft| spe skrɑ:ft; 美 –kr ft| (pl. spacecraft) n.
航天器；宇宙飞船
41. solar| s l (r); 美 so -| adj. [只用于名词前] 　
A. 太阳的
solar radiation太阳辐射
B. 太阳能的
solar power/heating
太阳能动力 / 加热
solar panel太阳能电池板
42. greet |gri:t| vt.
A. ~ sb (with sth) 和（某人）打招呼（或问好）；欢迎；迎接
He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived.客人到达时他都热情接待。
She greeted us with a smile.
她微笑着向我们打招呼。
B. [常用被动态] ~ sb/sth (with/as sth) （以某种方式）对…作出反应
The changes were greeted with suspicion[s sp n] .
这些变革受到人们的怀疑。
The team's win was greeted as a major triumph.
这个队获胜被看成是一个重大的胜利。
Loud cheers greeted the news.
这消息受到热烈欢呼。
C. [常用被动态] (景象、声音或气味) 映入…的眼帘；传入…的耳中（或鼻中）
When she opened the door she was greeted by a scene of utter confusion.她开开门，一片混乱不堪的景象呈现在她的眼前。
greeting | gri:t | n
A. 问候；招呼；迎接；致意
She waved a friendly greeting.
她友好地挥手致意。
They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。
He raised his hand in greeting .
他举手致意。
B. greetings [复数] 问候的话；祝词；贺词
My mother sends her greetings to you all.我母亲向你们大家问好。
43. get down to (doing) sth开始做某事；开始认真注意（或对待）某事
Let's get down to business .
咱们开始干正事吧。
I like to get down to work by 9.
我喜欢在9点之前开始工作。
[+ -ing 短语]
It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.
我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
get down to business
着手处理正事；开始认真工作
44. suitable| su:t bl; British English also sju:-| adj.
~ (for sth/sb) | ~ (to do sth) 合适的；适宜的；适当；适用
a suitable candidate合适的人选
This programme is not suitable for children.
这个节目儿童不宜。
a suitable place for a picnic
适合野餐的地方
I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party.
我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
Would now be a suitable moment to discuss my report
现在讨论我的报告合适不合适？
unsuitable
suitability| su:t b l ti; British English also sju:-| [U]
There is no doubt about her suitability for the job.
毫无疑问，她适合做这个工作。
suited | su:t d; British English also sju:-| adj.[名词前不可用] 　
A. ~ (to/for sb/sth) 合适；适宜；适当
He is not really suited for a teaching career.他不大适合做教师。
This diet is suited to anyone who wants to lose weight fast.这一食谱适合每一个希望迅速减肥的人。
unsuited
B. 般配的
Jo and I are very well suited.
我跟乔非常合得来。
They were not suited to one another.
他们俩彼此不配。
unsuited
C. 穿西装的；穿…套装的
sober-suited city businessmen
城市里那些衣着庄重的生意人
45. distant| d st nt| adj.
A. 遥远的；远处的；久远的
The time we spent together is now a distant memory.我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。
(formal)The airport was about 20 kilometres distant.
机场在大约20公里远的地方。
a star 30 000 light years distant from the Earth.
离地球3万光年远的一颗恒星
(figurative)Peace was just a distant hope .和平只是遥不可及的希望而已。
B. ~ (from sth) 不相似的；不同的,=remote
Their life seemed utterly distant from his own.他们的生活与他自己的生活似乎完全不同。
C. [只用于名词前] (人) 远亲的；远房的
a distant cousin/aunt/relative
远房堂兄弟 / 姑母 / 亲戚
D. 不友好的；冷淡的；疏远的
Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone.
从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。
E. 心不在焉的；恍惚的；出神的
There was a distant look in her eyes; her mind was obviously on something else.她眼神恍惚，显然心里在想着别的什么事儿。
distantly adv.
We're distantly related.我们是远亲。
Holly smiled distantly.
霍利恍惚地笑了笑。
the (dim and) distant past
很久以前；遥远的过去
stories from the distant past
很久以前的故事
in the not too distant future
在不久的将来
distance | d st ns|
1)n.
A. 距离；间距
the distance of the earth from the sun
太阳到地球的距离
The beach is within walking distance of my house .
海滩离我家很近，走几步路就到了。
Our parents live some distance away .
我们的父母住的地方相当远。
B. [U] （空间的）遥远；（时间的）久远，间隔
Distance is no problem on the Internet.
在互联网上距离已不成为问题。
C. [单数] 远方；远处
D. （两事物之间的）差异，无关
E. 冷淡；疏远
The coldness and distance in her voice took me by surprise.她话语中透出的冷淡和疏远使我感到意外。
in/into the distance在远处；在远方
keep sb at a distance对…冷淡；同…疏远；与…保持一定距离
keep your distance (from sb/sth)
A. （与…）保持距离
B. 疏远；避免（与…）亲近；避免介入
She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn't want to get hurt.
有人告诫她说，如果不想受到伤害，就与查尔斯离得远一点。
2)vt. ~ yourself/sb/sth (from sb/sth) 拉开距离；与…疏远
When he retired, he tried to distance himself from politics.
退休后，他便尽量使自己置身于政治之外。
It's not always easy for nurses to distance themselves emotionally.
对护士来说，使自己不动感情并非总是很容易。
46. volume | v lju:m; 美 vɑ:l-; -j m| n.
A. 体积；容积；容量
How do you measure the volume of a gas 你如何计量气体的体积？
B. 量；额
This work has grown in volume recently.这项工作的量最近增加了。
New roads are being built to cope with the increased volume of traffic.正在修建新的道路以应付增加了的交通量。
Sales volumes fell 0.2% in June.
六月份的销售额下降了0.2%。
C. [U] 音量；响度
to turn the volume up/down
把音量调大 / 小
D. [C] (abbr. vol.) （成套书籍中的）一卷，一册
E. [C](formal) 书
a library of over 50 000 volumes
藏书5万多册的图书馆
F.[C] (abbr. vol.) 卷，合订本（同一杂志的一系列期刊，尤指一年的）
‘New Scientist ’ volume 142, number 3《新科学家》第142卷第3期
speak volumes (about/for sth/sb)
充分说明；清楚表明
47. stare|ste (r); 美 ster|
1)v.
A. vi. ~ (at sb/sth) 盯着看；凝视；注视
I screamed and everyone stared.
我尖叫一声，众人都盯着我看。
I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.我茫然地看着面前这张纸。
He sat staring into space (= looking at nothing) .他坐在那儿凝视着前方。
She looked at them with dark staring eyes.
她那双深色的眼睛专注地看着他们。
be staring sb in the face
A. 明摆着；显而易见
The answer was staring us in the face.
答案明摆在我们面前。
B. 必定发生
Defeat was staring them in the face.
他们必遭失败。
be staring sth in the face不可避免
They were staring defeat in the face.
对他们来说，失败不可避免。
stare sb out(British English) ( also stare sb down North Amercian English,British English) 盯得某人转移目光（或慌了神）
2)n. （尤指不友好或吃惊的）盯，凝视，注视
She gave him a blank stare.
她面无表情地直视着他。
48. breath|breθ| n.
A. [U] 呼吸的空气
His breath smelt of garlic.
他呼出的气中有大蒜味。
bad breath (= that smells bad)口臭
We had to stop for breath before we got to the top.
我们不得不喘口气，然后再登山顶。
She was very short of breath (= had difficulty breathing) .她呼吸很困难。
B. [C] 一次吸入的空气
to take a deep breath深深吸一口气
He recited the whole poem in one breath.
他一口气背出了整篇诗。
C. ~ of sth [单数](formal) 微量；迹象
a breath of suspicion一丝怀疑
D. a ~ of air, wind [单数](literary) （空气的）微微流动，拂动
a breath of (fresh) air
新鲜空气；透气
a breath of fresh air
令人耳目一新的人（或事物、地方）
get your breath (again/back)
(British English) ( also catch your breath North Amercian English,British English) 恢复正常呼吸
hold your breath
A. 闭气；屏气
Hold your breath and count to ten.
屏住呼吸，数到十。
B. 屏息以待；焦虑地等待
He held his breath while the results were read out.
宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。
C. (informal) 别眼巴巴等着；有你等的
She said she'd do it this week, but don't hold your breath!她说她这个星期要干，不过你可别因此眼巴巴干等！
in the same breath但紧接着，但同时（意味着与前一段意图或意思相反）
He praised my work and in the same breath told me I would have to leave.他称赞了一番我的工作，但紧接着却对我说不得不辞退我。
out of breath
（运动后）喘不上气，透不过气来
We were out of breath after only five minutes.我们五分钟后便气喘吁吁了。
say sth, speak, etc. under your breath
小声地，轻声地（说）
‘Rubbish! ’ he murmured under his breath.“胡说！”他悄悄地小声说。
take sb's breath away
令人惊叹；让人叹绝
My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.我第一次从空中看到这个岛时，叹赏不已。
breathe |bri: | v.
A. 呼吸
He breathed deeply before speaking again.
他深深吸一口气，然后继续说下去。
The air was so cold we could hardly breathe.
空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。
She was beginning to breathe more easily.她呼吸开始较为顺畅了。
B. vt. 呼出
C. (literary) 低声说
‘I'm over here, ’ she breathed.
“我在这儿呢。”她轻声说。
D.vi.（打开瓶盖，让酒）通气飘香
E. vi. 透气
Cotton clothing allows your skin to breathe.棉织品能使皮肤透气。
F. vt.(formal) 充满，散发（某种感情或品质）
Her performance breathed wit and charm. 她的表演灵巧迷人。
breathe down sb's neck
(informal) 紧盯着某人看；看得某人发毛（或心烦）；监视
breathe (new) life into sth
（给某事物）带来起色，注入活力
49. unusual| n ju: u l; - l| adj.
A. 特别的；不寻常的；罕见的,=uncommon
It's unusual for the trees to flower so early.
这种树这么早开花很不寻常。
It's not unusual for young doctors to work a 70-hour week.
年轻的医生每周工作70小时并不罕见。
B. 独特的；与众不同的；别致的
usual| ju: u l; - l| adj.
A.~ (for sb/sth) (to do sth) 通常的；寻常的；惯常的
B. the usual [单数](informal) 惯常的事物；（尤指）常喝的饮料
as usual照例；照旧；像往常一样
50. grab|gr b| v. (-bb-)
A. ~ sth (from sb/sth) 抓住；攫取,=
seize
He grabbed hold of me and wouldn't let go.他抓住我不松手。
Jim grabbed a cake from the plate.
吉姆从盘子里抓了一块蛋糕。
Don't grab─there's plenty for everyone.
别抢——多着呢，人人都有。
B. vi. ~ at/for sth （试图）抓住，夺得
She grabbed at the branch, missed and fell.她抓树枝，可没抓着，就跌倒了。
C. ~ (at sth) 利用，抓住（机会）,=seize
This was my big chance and I grabbed it with both hands.
这是我的大好机会，我紧紧抓住。
He'll grab at any excuse to avoid doing the dishes.
他会随便找个借口来逃避洗碗。
D. vt. （尤指匆忙地）取，拿，吃，喝
Let's grab a sandwich before we go.
咱们赶快吃个三明治就走吧。
I managed to grab a couple of hours' sleep on the plane.
我在飞机上抓紧时间睡了两个钟头。
E. vt. （尤指自私、贪婪地）捞取，赚取，抢占
By the time we arrived, someone had grabbed all the good seats.
我们到达时，所有的好位子都给人占了。
F. vt. 引人注意；吸引
I'll see if I can grab the waitress and get the bill.我来看能不能引起服务员的注意，让她拿账单来。
how does…grab you
(informal) 你对…有兴趣吗；你喜欢…吗；你认为…如何
How does the idea of a trip to Rome grab you
你认为去趟罗马这个主意如何？
2)n.
A. [常用单数形式] ~ (at/for sb/sth) 猛然的抓取；突然的抢夺
He made a grab for her bag.
他突然去抢她的手提包。
B. (计) 抓取（或截取、采集）的图像
a screen grab from Wednesday's programme
从星期三的节目中抓取的荧屏图像
C. 抓具；抓斗
up for grabs
(informal) 提供的；可供争夺的
There are 25 000 worth of prizes up for grabs in our competition!在我们的比赛中有25 000英镑奖金供人争夺！
51. sweep |swi:p|
1)v. (swept, swept |swept|)
A. 扫；打扫；清扫
The showroom had been emptied and swept clean.
陈列室已经清理出来，打扫干净了。
B. [动词 + 名词短语 + 副词或介词短语] 扫去；清除
He swept the leaves up into a pile.
他把树叶扫成一堆。
C. [动词 + 名词短语 + 副词或介词短语] （迅猛地）推送，吹走，冲走，带走
She let herself be swept along by the crowd.
她任由自己被人流挟裹着前行。
D. (风、雨、雪、火等) 猛烈吹过；掠过；席卷；横扫
Rain swept in through the broken windows.
雨水从破窗户灌进屋内。
Strong winds regularly sweep the islands.
这些岛屿上经常刮大风。
E. [~ + 副词或介词短语] 步态轻盈地走；大模大样地走
Without another word she swept out of the room.
她再没说话，大模大样地走出房间。
(figurative)He swept into the lead with an almost perfect performance.
他以几近完美的表现跨入领先位置。
F. [动词 + 名词短语 + 副词或介词短语] 挥动，舞动（手、臂等）
He rushed to greet her, sweeping his arms wide.
他张开双臂舞动着，冲过去迎接她。
G. [动词 + 副词或介词短语] 突然袭来
A wave of tiredness swept over her.
她感到浑身疲惫。
Memories came sweeping back.
往事倏地重又浮现在脑海中。
H. 迅速传播
Rumours of his resignation swept through the company.
他辞职的传言在全公司传播开了。
I. 扫视；掠过；搜索
His eyes swept around the room.
他的目光把房间扫视了一遍。
Searchlights swept the sky.
探照灯在空中扫来扫去。
J. vt. （使）轻轻掠过，轻轻擦过
Her dress swept the ground as she walked.
她行走时衣裙拖在地上。
K.[动词 + 名词短语 + 副词或介词短语] 梳；刷；掠
Her hair was swept back from her face.
她的头发是从前边往后梳的。
L. [动词 + 副词或介词短语] 蜿蜒；呈缓坡延伸
The hotel gardens sweep down to the beach.旅馆的花园呈缓坡一直延伸到海滩。
M. vt.(North Amercian English) （在系列比赛中）获得全部胜利，囊括各项冠军
The Blue Jays have a chance to sweep the series.蓝鸟队有机会囊括这一系列比赛的冠军。
New Jersey swept Detroit last season.在上个赛季，新泽西队全胜底特律队。
sweep the board
（在比赛中）囊括所有奖项
sweep to victory
轻易赢得（竞赛）
sweep sb along/away[常用被动态] 使某人醉心；驱使某人专注
sweep sth aside
对…置之不理；不理会；全然无视
All their advice was swept aside.
他们所有的忠告全被当成了耳边风。
sweep sth away
消灭；彻底消除；完全打消
sweep sth out
打扫干净，清扫干净（房间等）
2)n.
A. [C, 常用单数形式] 扫；打扫；清扫
Give the room a good sweep.
把房间好好打扫一下。
B. [C] 挥动；掠
He indicated the door with a sweep of his arm.他一挥胳膊指向门。
C. [C, 常用单数形式] （道路、河流、海岸等）一长段，绵延弯曲的地带，呈缓坡状的地带
D. [U] 广泛性；广博的范围；广度
Her book covers the long sweep of the country's history.
她的著作涵盖了该国漫长的历史。
E. [C] 巡行；搜索；扫荡
F. [C] = chimney sweep烟囱清扫工
G. [C] (informal) (North American English also sweeps) = sweepstake赌金全赢制
H. [C](North Amercian English) （两支球队对赛其中一方）全胜的一系列比赛；囊括冠军
a World Series sweep
在世界职业棒球系列赛中囊括冠军
I. the sweeps [复数](North Amercian English) 收视率调查（电视台为查明节目受欢迎度，尤为计算广告费）
make a clean sweep (of sth)
A. 全部撤换；彻底清除
B. （比赛或竞赛中）大获全胜，包揽（所有奖项）；获得选举全胜
China made a clean sweep of the medals in the gymnastics events.中国队在体操比赛中包揽了所有的奖牌。
52. disc|d sk| n. (AmE disk)
A. 圆盘；圆片
He wears an identity disc around his neck.他脖子上挂着圆形身份牌。
B. = CD
This recording is available on disc or cassette.
这录音有激光唱片和盒式磁带两种。
C. (British English) （计算机）磁盘，磁碟
D. (old-fashioned) = record (2)唱片
E. 椎间盘
He’s been off work with a slipped disc .他因椎间盘突出一直未上班。
plicated| k mpl ke t d; 美 kɑ:m-| adj.复杂的；难懂的,=complex
The instructions look very complicated.
这说明书看起来很难懂。
It's all very complicated─but I'll try and explain.尽管这一切都很难理解，但我会尽力解释。
54. lane|le n| n.
A. （乡间）小路
winding country lanes蜿蜒的乡间小路
We drove along a muddy lane to reach the farmhouse.
我们驾车沿泥泞的小路到达农舍。
B. (尤用于地名) 小巷；胡同；里弄
The quickest way is through the back lanes behind the bus station.
最近的路是穿过公共汽车站后面的小巷。
C. 车道
the northbound/southbound lane
北行 / 南行车道
She signalled and pulled over into the slow lane.她给信号后把车开进了慢车道。
a four-lane highway四车道公路
D. （比赛的）跑道，泳道
The Australian in lane four is coming up fast from behind.
第四道的澳大利亚运动员正从后面快速追赶上来。
E. 航道；航线
one of the world's busiest shipping/sea lanes
世界上最繁忙的海运航线之一
bus lane公共汽车专用道
cycle lane自行车车道
fast lane[单数] （高速公路或州际公路上的）快车道
outside lane( AmE. passing lane)（高速公路等靠近路中心的）外车道，超车道
55. accompany| k mp ni| vt.
(accompanies, accompanying, accompanied, accompanied)
A. (formal) 陪同；陪伴
His wife accompanied him on the trip.
那次旅行他由妻子陪同。
B. 伴随；与…同时发生
strong winds accompanied by heavy rain
狂风夹着暴雨
Each pack contains a book and accompanying CD.
每包内装书一本，并附光盘一张。
C. ~ sb (at/on sth) （尤指用钢琴）为…伴奏
The singer was accompanied on the piano by her sister.女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。
company[U] 陪伴；做伴
I enjoy Jo's company (= I enjoy being with her) .我喜欢和乔在一起。
She enjoys her own company when she is travelling.她喜爱独自旅行。
The children are very good company at this age.和这个年龄的孩子在一起很开心。
a pleasant evening in the company of friends
与朋友一起度过的愉快夜晚
He's coming with me for company .
他要陪伴我一起来。
keep sb company做伴；陪伴
I'll keep you company while you're waiting.你等待时我会陪伴你。
the company sb keeps某人所交往的人；伙伴；与之为伍的人
Judging by the company he kept, Mark must have been a wealthy man.根据马克所交往的人来判断，他一定是位富翁。
56. expectation | ekspek te n| n.
A. ~ (of sth) | ~ (that…) 预料；预期；期待
We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery.
我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。
There was a general expectation that he would win.普遍认为他会获胜。
The expectation is that property prices will rise.预计地产价格会上涨。
Contrary to expectations , interest rates did not rise.
出乎意料的是利率并未上升。
Against all expectations , she was enjoying herself.
完全没想到她过得非常快活。
B. [C, 常用复数, U] 希望；盼望
She went to college with great expectations.
她满怀希望地进入大学。
The numbers attending fell short of (未达到；不符合) expectations.
出席的人数比预期的要少。
The event did not live up to expectations . 这项比赛有负众望。
C. [C, 常用复数] 期望；指望
Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children.
有的父母对孩子的指望不切实际。
Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations .
遗憾的是新软件并不理想。
expect | k spekt| v.
A.预料；预期；预计
We are expecting a rise in food prices this month.我们预计这个月食物价格会上涨。
That's not the sort of behaviour I expect of you!我不敢相信你竟有那样的行为！
[动词 + 带to的不定式]
You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.
不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。
I looked back, half expecting to see someone following me.
我回过头去，想着可能看到有人跟着我。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
House prices are expected to rise sharply.预计房价会急剧上涨。
I didn't expect him to become a successful writer.我没想到他会成为一个成功的作家。
Do you really expect me to believe you
你真以为我会相信你吗？
Many people were expecting (that) the peace talks would break down.
许多人预料和平谈判会破裂。
It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms.
预计这个报告会提出一些重大的改革。
B. (常用于进行时) 等待；期待；盼望
to expect a visit/call/letter from sb
等待某人的来访 / 电话 / 来信
We were expecting him yesterday.
我们昨天一直在等他。
We were expecting him to arrive yesterday.
我们一直盼望着他昨天到达。
C. ~ sth (of/from sb) 要求；指望
Her parents expected high standards from her.她的父母对她的期望很高。
Are you clear what is expected of you
你清楚大家对你的期望吗？
[动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
They expected all their children to be high achievers.
他们期望自己所有的孩子都大有作为。
We are expected to work on Saturdays.
我们星期六要上班。
I expect to be paid promptly for the work.我要求即时付工钱。
D. (informal,especially British English) (不用于进行时) 猜想；认为；料想
‘Who's eaten all the cake ’ ‘Tom, I expect/I expect it was Tom. ’
“谁把蛋糕都吃光了？”“我想是汤姆吧。”
be (only) to be expected
可能发生；可以预料；相当正常
A little tiredness after taking these drugs is to be expected.
服用这些药后有点倦意是正常的。
what (else) do you expect
(informal) 那有什么大惊小怪的；那还用得着惊奇吗；那还用说吗
57. remarkable|r mɑ:k bl; 美 - mɑ:rk-| adj.~ (for sth) | ~ (that…) 非凡的；奇异的；显著的；引人注目的,=astonishing
She was a truly remarkable woman.
她是一位真正非同凡响的女人。
The area is remarkable for its scenery.
这一地区以其优美的景色而引人瞩目。
It is remarkable that nobody noticed sooner.
竟然没有人早点发现，真有意思。
unremarkable
remarkably |- bli| adv.
The car is in remarkably good condition for its age.
就车龄而论，这辆车的状况好极了。
Remarkably, nobody was killed.
竟然没有死人，真是万幸。
remark|r mɑ:k; 美 - mɑ:rk|
1)v. ~ (on/upon sth/sb) | ~ (how…) 说起；谈论；评论,=comment
2)v.
A. [C] 谈论；言论；评述,=comment
to make a remark发表评论
B. [U](old-fashioned,or formal) 引人注目；显耀,=note
The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of remark.
这次展览没有任何值得看的东西。
58. stream |stri:m|
1)v.
A. ~ (from sth) | ~ (with sth) (液体或气体) 流；流动；流出
Tears streamed down his face.
泪水顺着他的脸往下流。
B. (人或东西) [~ + 副词或介词短语] 鱼贯而行；一个接一个地移动
People streamed across the bridge.
桥上行人川流不息。
C. vi. 飘动；飘扬
Her scarf streamed behind her.她的围巾在身后飘动。
D. vt.[常用被动态](especially British English) (North American English usually track) (学校) 按能力分班（或分组）
Pupils are streamed for French and Maths.
学生上法语和数学课时按能力分成小组。
E. vt.(计) 用流式传输，流播（无须待整个文件下载到计算机便可播放互联网上的视频或音频文件）
2) n.
A. 小河；溪
B. ~ (of sth) 流；（液）流；（气）流
A stream of blood flowed from the wound.一股鲜血从伤口流出来。
C. ~ (of sth/sb) （人）流；（车）流
I've had a steady stream of visitors.
我不断有客人。
D. ~ of sth 一连串，接二连三，源源不断（的事情）
The agency provided me with a steady stream of work.
这介绍所让我不断有活干。
E. (especially British English) （把同龄学生按智力编在一起的）班，组
She was put into the fast stream.
她被分在了快班。
be/come on stream投产；投入使用
The new computer system comes on stream next month.
新的计算机系统下月投入使用。
59. enthusiastic| n θju:zi st k; 美 - θu:-| adj.~ (about sb/sth) | ~ (about doing sth) 热情的；热心的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea.
你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。
She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain.
她对去西班牙更是不感兴趣。
enthusiastically|-kli| adv.
enthusiasm| n θju:zi z m; 美 - θu:-| n.
A. [U] ~ (for sth/for doing sth) 热情；热心；热忱
She never lost her enthusiasm for teaching.
她从未失去过教书的热忱。
The news was greeted with a lack of enthusiasm by those at the meeting.
与会者对这消息未表现出多少兴趣。
‘I don't mind, ’ she said, without much enthusiasm.
“我不在乎。”她不冷不热地说。
B. [C](formal) 热衷的事物；激发热情的事物
60. handkerchief| h k t f; -t i:f; 美 -k rt -| (pl. handkerchiefs or, handkerchieves |-t i:vz|)
( also informal hanky, hankie) 手帕；纸巾
61. vast|vɑ:st; 美 v st| adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的；大量的,=huge
a vast amount of information大量信息
At dusk bats appear in vast numbers .
蝙蝠于傍晚时分大批出现。
In the vast majority of cases, this should not be a problem.
在绝大多数情况下，这应该不成问题。
vastness n.
the vastness of space太空的浩瀚无垠
62. gifted | g ft d| adj.
A. 有天才的；有天赋的；天资聪慧的
a gifted musician/player, etc.
天才的音乐家、运动员等
gifted children天资聪慧的孩子
B. ~ with sth 具有（令人愉快的东西）
He was gifted with a charming smile.
他有一副迷人的微笑。
talented| t l nt d| adj.有才能的；天才的；有才干的
gift|g ft| 1)n.
A. 礼物；赠品,=present
The watch was a gift from my mother.这块表是母亲给我的礼物。
B. ~ (for sth/for doing sth) 天赋；天才；才能,=talent
She has a great gift for music.
她极有音乐天赋。
He has the gift of making friends easily.他天生善交朋友。
C. [常用单数形式](informal) 轻而易举的事；极便宜的东西
Their second goal was an absolute gift.
他们第二个进球简直不费吹灰之力。
At 500 it's a gift.
只卖500英镑，真便宜。
2)vt. (British English) (尤用于新闻报道) 白送；白给
They gifted their opponents a goal.
他们白送给对方一分。
They gifted a goal to their opponents.
他们白送给对方一分。
63. reputation | repju te n| n. ~ (as sth) | ~ (for sth/for doing sth) 名誉；名声
to earn/establish/build a reputation
赢得 / 确立 / 树立声誉
She soon acquired a reputation as a first-class cook.
她不久就获得了顶级厨师的名声。
I'm aware of Mark's reputation for being late.
我知道马克迟到是出了名的。
to damage/ruin sb's reputation
有损 / 毁坏某人的名声
The weather in England is living up to its reputation.
英格兰的天气真是名副其实。
64. brilliant| br li nt| adj.
A. 巧妙的；使人印象深的
What a brilliant idea!
真是个绝妙的主意！
a brilliant performance/invention
出色的表演；杰出的发明
B. 很成功的
The play was a brilliant success.
那出剧获得了巨大成功。
C. 聪颖的；技艺高的
She has one of the most brilliant minds in the country.她是全国最有才气的人之一。
D. (光线或色彩) 明亮的；鲜艳的
brilliant sunshine明媚的阳光
brilliant blue eyes湛蓝的眼睛
E. (British English,informal) 很好的；杰出的
Thanks. You've been brilliant (= very helpful) .多谢。你帮大忙了。
brilliance| br li ns|[U] 　
brilliantly adv.
The plan worked brilliantly.
计划实施得十分顺利。
It was brilliantly sunny. 阳光明媚。
65. prediction |pr d k n| n.预言；预测；预告
Not many people agree with the government's prediction that the economy will improve.没有多少人赞同政府认为经济将会有所改善的预测。
The results of the experiment confirmed our predictions.
实验结果证实了我们的预测。
Skilled readers make use of context and prediction.阅读能力强的人会利用上下文及推测来理解文意。
It's difficult to make accurate predictions about the effects on the environment.
很难准确预测对环境产生的影响。
predictor|pr d kt (r)|
(formal) 预测器；预示物
The child's reaction to the arrival of the new baby was a very good predictor of how they would get on during the year that followed. 通过观察孩子对新生儿到来的反应能很好预测在接下来的一年中他们会不会相处融洽。
predict|pr d kt| v.
A. 预言；预告；预报,=forecast
Nobody could predict the outcome.
谁也无法预料结果如何。
It is impossible to predict what will happen.预知未来的事是不可能的。
She predicted (that) the election result would be close.
她预言选举结果将很接近。
It was predicted that inflation would continue to fall.
据预报，通货膨胀率将继续下降。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
The trial is predicted to last for months. 预料审讯将持续数月之久。
66. extraordinary| k str :dnri; 美 k str :rd neri| adj.
A. 意想不到的；令人惊奇的；奇怪的,
=incredible
It's extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the party.真想不到他竟然从聚会开始一直睡到结束。
What an extraordinary thing to say!
真是咄咄怪事！
B. 不平常的；不一般的；非凡的；卓越的
an extraordinary achievement
卓越的成就
She was a truly extraordinary woman.
她是位非常杰出的女性。
C. [只用于名词前](formal) (. 会议等) 特别的；临时的
An extraordinary meeting was held to discuss the problem.
举行了特别会议讨论这个问题。
D. (紧接名词之后) (术语) (官员) 特派的；特命的
extraordinarily| k str :dnr li; 美 k str :rd ner li| adv.
extraordinarily difficult特别困难
She did extraordinarily well.她干得特别好。
67. depress|d pres| v.
A. vt. 使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉；使失去信心
Wet weather always depresses me.
阴雨天总使我心情抑郁。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
It depresses me to see so many young girls smoking.
看到这么多女孩抽烟令我感到很沮丧。
B. vt. 使萧条；使不景气
The recession has depressed the housing market.
经济衰退导致住房市场不景气。
C. vt. 降低（价格）；减少（工资）
to depress wages/prices
减少工资；降低价格
D. vt.(formal) 按，压，推下（尤指机器部件）
depressed|d prest| adj.
A. 抑郁的；沮丧的；意志消沉的
She felt very depressed about the future.
她感到前途无望。
B. 患抑郁症的
C.(地方或企业) 不景气的；萧条的；经济困难的
an attempt to bring jobs to depressed areas
给经济萧条地区创造就业机会的努力
D. 低于一般水准的；降低了的；削弱了的
depressed prices降低了的价格
depressing|d pres | adj.
令人抑郁的；令人沮丧的；令人消沉的
Looking for a job these days can be very depressing.如今求职有时会令人非常沮丧。
depressingly adv.
a depressingly familiar experience
令人感到腻烦的经历
depression|d pre n| n.
A. [U] 抑郁症；精神忧郁
She suffered from severe depression after losing her job.
她失业后患了严重的抑郁症。
B. 抑郁；沮丧；消沉
C. 萧条期；经济衰退；不景气
D. [c](formal) 洼地；凹地；坑
E. [C](术语) 低气压；气压降低
68. upset| p set|
1)adj.
A. [名词前不可用] ~ (about sth) | ~ (that…) 难过；不高兴；失望；沮丧
There’s no point getting upset about it.犯不着为此事难过。
B. an upset stomach
肠胃不适；腹泻
2)v. (upsetting, upset, upset)
A. vt. 使烦恼；使心烦意乱；使生气,
This decision is likely to upset a lot of people.
这项决定很可能会使许多人不快。
Don't upset yourself about it─let's just forget it ever happened.你别为这事烦恼了——咱们就只当它没发生过。
It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。
It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house.想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服。
B. vt. 打乱；搅乱
He arrived an hour late and upset all our arrangements.他迟到了一个小时，把我们的一切安排都打乱了。
C. vt. ~ sb’s stomach 使（肠胃）不适
D. vt. 打翻；碰倒；使倾覆
She stood up suddenly, upsetting a glass of wine.
她蓦然起身，碰倒了一杯酒。
upset the apple cart
制造麻烦；打乱计划（或安排等）
3)n.
A. [U] （意外的）混乱，困扰，麻烦
The company has survived the recent upset in share prices.
这家公司撑过了最近股价的动荡。
B. [C] (竞赛) 意外的结果；爆冷门
C. [C] 肠胃病；腹泻
a stomach upset拉肚子
D. 不痛快；烦闷；失望；苦恼
It had been the cause of much emotional upset.
那便是使人情绪一落千丈的原因。
69. possess|p zes| v. (不用于进行时) 　
A. vt.(formal) 有；拥有
The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works.这座画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
B. vt.(formal) 具有（特质）
I'm afraid he doesn’t possess a sense of humour.恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
C. vt.[常用被动态](literary) (感觉、情绪等) 攫住；支配；控制
Absolute terror possessed her.
她恐惧到了极点。
D. (用于否定句和疑问句) 使言行失常
What possessed him to say such a thing 他着了什么魔竟说出这种话来？
possession|p ze n|n.
A. [U](formal) 具有；拥有
The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel.
出国旅行必须持有护照。
On her father's death, she came into possession of (= received) a vast fortune.
她父亲死后，她继承了一大笔财产。
B. [C, 常用复数] 个人财产；私人物品,=belongings
The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.
这只戒指是她最珍贵的财产之一。
C. [U] 控球状态
to win/get/lose possession of the ball赢得 / 得到 / 失去对球的控制
D. [U] 持有违禁物；私藏毒品（或武器）
She was charged with possession.
她被控持有违禁物品。
E. [C](formal) 殖民地；托管地；属地
Possession is nine tenths of the law.
(saying) 现实占有，败一胜九；占有者在诉讼中总占上风
70. abandon| b nd n|
1)vt.
A. ~ sb (to sth) （不顾责任、义务等）离弃，遗弃，抛弃
The baby had been abandoned by its mother.这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。
B. ~ sth (to sb/sth) （不得已而）舍弃，丢弃，离开,=leave
Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
C. 停止（支持或帮助）；放弃（信念）
The country abandoned its political leaders after the war.战后该国人民不再拥护他们的政治领袖。
D. 中止；放弃；不再有
They abandoned the match because of rain.因为下雨，他们中止了比赛。
E. ~ yourself to sth (literary) 陷入，沉湎于（某种情感）
He abandoned himself to despair [d spe (r)].他陷入绝望。
2)[U](formal) 放任；放纵
He signed cheques with careless abandon.他无所顾忌地乱开支票。
71. all of a sudden 突然；猛地
All of a sudden someone grabbed me around the neck.
猛不防有人抓住了我的脖子。
72. orchestra| :k str ; 美 :rk-| n.
A. [C+单数/复数 动词] 管弦乐队
She plays the flute in the school orchestra.
她在校管弦乐队里吹长笛。
B. the orchestra [单数](North Amercian English) (British English the orchestra stalls) = stalls n. (4) （剧场的）正厅前排座位
73. desperate| desp r t| adj.
A. （因绝望而）不惜冒险的，不顾一切的，拼命的
Stores are getting desperate after two years of poor sales.
两年来销路不畅，商店不惜冒起险来。
I heard sounds of a desperate struggle in the next room.我听到隔壁房间里有拼命挣扎的声音。
B. [常用于名词前] (行为) 绝望的；孤注一掷的；铤而走险的
His increasing financial difficulties forced him to take desperate measures .不断增加的经济困难迫使他采取了铤而走险的办法。
She clung to the edge in a desperate attempt to save herself.
为了活命，她拼命抓住边缘。
Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl's life.医生们不惜一切地奋力抢救小女孩的生命。
C. [名词前不常用] ~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) 非常需要；极想；渴望
He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything.他当时太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意干。
D. (情况) 极严重的；极危险的；很危急的
The children are in desperate need of love and attention.
这些孩子非常需要爱心和关怀。
desperately adv.
desperately ill/unhappy/lonely
病得厉害；极为不快；极其孤独
He took a deep breath, desperately trying to keep calm.他深深地吸了口气，竭尽全力保持镇定。
She looked desperately around for a weapon.
她在四下里找，急于弄到一件武器。
74. uplifting| p l ft | adj.令人振奋的；鼓舞人心的；催人奋进的
an uplifting experience/speech
令人振奋的经历 / 演说
75. ease|i:z|
1) [U] 　
A. 容易；轻易；不费劲
He passed the exam with ease .
他轻而易举地通过了考试。
The ease with which she learns languages is astonishing.
她学习语言之轻松令人惊讶。
All important points are numbered for ease of reference.
全部重点均编了号码以便查阅。
B. 舒适；安逸；自在；无忧无虑
In his retirement, he lived a life of ease.
他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。
(stand) at ease稍息
at (your) ease
舒适；自由自在；无拘无束
I never feel completely at ease with him.我跟他在一起总感到不是很自在。
put sb at (their) ease
使舒适；使自在；使不受拘束
2)v.
A. （使）宽慰；减轻；缓解
This should help ease the pain.
这该有助于减轻痛苦。
The plan should ease traffic congestion in the town.这项计划对城里的交通拥挤状况应该有所缓解。
It would ease my mind (= make me less worried) to know that she was settled.
知道她已安顿下来会使我放心些。
The pain immediately eased.
疼痛立刻减轻了。
B. [~+ 副词或介词短语] （使）小心缓缓地移动
He eased slowly forwards.
他缓缓向前移动。
She eased herself into a chair.
她轻手轻脚地坐到椅子上。
He eased off his shoes.
他小心翼翼地脱下鞋子。
C. vt. 使…容易些
Ramps have been built to ease access for the disabled.
为方便残疾人的出入修建了坡道。
D. 缓和；放松,=relax
Ease your grip on the wheel a little.
握方向盘的手放松一点。
E. 降低；（使）贬值,=reduce
Share prices eased back from yesterday's levels.
股价从昨天的水平上回落了。
ease into sth | ease yourself/sb into sth
熟悉，使熟悉（新事物，尤指新工作）
ease off | ease off sth减轻；放松
We waited until the traffic had eased off.
我们一直等到交通缓解。
ease sb out (of sth)（尤指故意为难）迫使某人离开（工作岗位等）
ease up放慢速度; 减轻；缓和；放松
76.genius | d i:ni s| n.(pl. geniuses)
A. [U] 天才；天资；天赋
Her idea was a stroke of genius .
她的主意是聪明的一着。
B. [C] 天才人物；（某领域的）天才
He’s a genius at organizing people.
他是人员组织方面的天才。
You don't have to be a genius to see that they are in love!
傻子也能看出他们相爱了！
C. [单数] ~ for sth/for doing sth （特别的）才能，本领
He had a genius for making people feel at home.
他有一种能够使人感觉轻松自在的本领。
sb's good/evil genius(especially British English) 给人以好（或坏）影响的人；保护（或毁灭）人的神魔
77. variation| ve ri e n; 美 ver-| n.
A. ~ (in/of sth) （数量、水平等的）变化，变更，变异
Currency exchange rates are always subject to variation.
货币的兑换率始終波动。
regional/seasonal variation
地区性 / 季节性变化
B. [C] ~ (on sth) 变异的东西；变种；变体
This soup is a spicy variation on a traditional favourite.这种汤是在一种受欢迎的传统汤羹中加了香料。
C. [C] ~ (on sth) (音) 变奏；变奏曲
(figurative)His numerous complaints are all variations on a theme .他的满腹牢骚说来道去都是为了一件事。
78. chorus| k :r s|
1)n.
A. [C] 副歌
Everyone joined in the chorus.
唱到副歌时，大家都跟着齐唱起来。
B. [C] 合唱曲
C. [C+单数/复数 动词] (常用于名称) 合唱团；歌咏队,=choir [ kwa (r)]
D. [C+单数/复数 动词] 歌舞队
E. a ~ of sth [单数] 齐声，异口同声（表示同意或不同意）
a chorus of praise/complaint一片赞扬声 / 抱怨声
F. [单数名词 +单数/复数 动词] (古希腊戏剧) 歌队，合唱队（对剧情加以评论）
G. [单数] (尤指在16世纪的戏剧中) （开场白和收场白的）朗诵演员
in chorus 一起；一齐；同时
‘Thank you, ’ they said in chorus.
“谢谢。”他们齐声说道。
2)v. 合唱；齐声说；异口同声地说
‘Hello, Paul, ’ they chorused.
“你好，保罗。”他们齐声问候道。
79. grand|gr nd|
1)adj. (grander, grandest)
A. 壮丽的；堂皇的；重大的
It's not a very grand house.
这房子并不是十分富丽堂皇。
The wedding was a very grand occasion.婚礼场面非常隆重。
B. Grand [只用于名词前] （用于大建筑物等的名称）大
the Grand Canyon大峡谷
C. 宏大的；宏伟的；有气派的
a grand design/plan/strategy宏伟的蓝图；宏大的计划；重大的战略思想
New Yorkers built their city on a grand scale .
纽约人大规模地建造自己的城市。
D. (人) 傲慢的；高高在上的
E. (dialect or informal) 极好的；快乐的；美妙的；出色的
I had a grand day out at the seaside.
我在海边痛痛快快玩了一天。
F. Grand （对上层社会的人的称呼）大
grandly adv.
He described himself grandly as a ‘landscape architect ’.
他自封为“景观建筑师”。
grandness[U]
a/the grand old age 高龄
a/the grand old man (of sth)
元老；资深前辈；老前辈
2)n. (pl. grand)
A. (informal) $1 000; 1 000 * 1 000元；1 000英镑
It'll cost you five grand!
这要花去你5 000块钱！
B. = grand piano大钢琴；三角钢琴
concert grand大型三角钢琴；音乐会大钢琴
80. finale|f nɑ:li; 美 f n li| n.
A. （演出的）终场，结局；（音乐的）终曲，末乐章
The festival ended with a grand finale in Hyde Park.节日的压轴活动是在海德公园举行的盛大演出。
B. ~ (to sth) (置于形容词后) 结尾
a fitting finale to the day's events
当天活动的圆满结束
final| fa nl|
1)adj.
A. [只用于名词前] 最终的；最后的
B. [只用于名词前] （指结果）最终的，最后的
C. 决定性的；不可改变的；最终的
2)n.
A. [C] 决赛
B. finals [复数](British English) 大学毕业考试
to sit/take your finals
参加大学(共68张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件
Unit 2 The universal language
Workbook
制作者：桂东一中　李宇平
Exploring language
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the brackets. P63
1. William apart [(指所说的不包括在内)除外], none of them seems ________ (suit) for the job.
2. Some classics are still greatly enjoyed and remind us of the _______ (distance) past.
suitable
distant
3. Sometimes it’s hard to live up to the ____________ (expect) of our parents.
4. Jack has made ____________ (remark) progress in English since last year.
5. The _________ (compose) is one of the frequent visitors to our town.
expectations
remarkable
composer
6. The teachers are highly ____________ (enthusiasm) about their work.
7. _______________ (determine), courage and confidence are important qualities if you want to succeed.
8. Teachers need to be aware that students might be _______ (gift) in different ways: some are good at language while others at science.
enthusiastic
Determination
gifted
B. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box below. P63
rely on take a sharp turn
sweep along使某人醉心；驱使某人专注
throw in (不提高售价或报价的)奉送，额外赠送
consist of all of a sudden get down to
twists and turns一波三折,曲折,迂回曲折,波折
1. Let’s ____________ business right away—we’ll stop for coffee later.
2. You can have the sofa for $800 and I’ll _________ the table as well.
3. Everyone experiences some _______________ in life, which is not necessarily(不一定；未必) a bad thing.
get down to
throw in
twists and turns
4. Nowadays people increasingly _______ computers for work, for
study and for entertainment.
5. My routine diet ___________ fruit, milk, vegetables and rice.
6. We were all ____________ by his enthusiasm and decided to join him.
rely on
consists of
swept along
7. A decade ago the economy in that country _______________ for the worse(急转直下).
8. ______________ all the lights in the room went out.
took a sharp turn
All of a sudden
D. Fill in the blanks with proper words or the correct forms of the words in the brackets. P64
Days before the “Top 10 Singers” competition, I was making (1) ___________ (predict) about who might win. Everyone was preparing for it. The competitors from my class grabbed every chance to practise, and some even (2) ___________(composer) their own music!
predictions
composed
The great day came. The singers from each class performed their songs. Some of them were (3) ___________ (company) by a friend on the piano or guitar. Most of the songs were (4) _____ the pop style. Some were (5) ___________ (adapt) of traditional songs. Some were simple songs (6) ______ some were rather complicated.
accompanied
in/of
adaptations
while
The singing was beautiful and two hours (7) _____________ (be) gone before we realized it. Ten students were selected as the top singers of our school, but I think every one of us deserved a prize for our efforts.
The competition was (8) ______________ (ordinary) successful. It was great fun and we all enjoyed it.
was/had been
extraordinarily
More importantly, such activities reflected our dreams and our passion and transformed our understanding of life.
Building skills
A. Listening and speaking
A1. Tom is listening to the radio programme Opera Hour introducing Aida ['e d ]. Listen to the programme and number the events in the order they happen in Aida.
____ Radames asks the Egyptian king not to kill the Ethiopians [ i:θ ' p n].
____ Radames helps Aida and her father escape.
____ The Ethiopian king and his army go to Egypt.
5
8
2
____ Aida is taken to Egypt.
____ The Egyptian army wins the battle.
____ The Egyptians start preparing for the wedding.
____ The Egyptian king orders Radames to stop the Ethiopian army.
____ Radames is ordered to marry the Egyptian king’s daughter.
1
4
7
3
6
Tapescripts
Radio host: Welcome opera lovers! I’m your host Martha Spencer. Today we’re going to talk about Aida, a timeless(永恒的)story of love in the time of war. At the beginning of the opera, Aida, an Ethiopian princess, has been taken to Egypt as a slave.
Her father, who is the king of Ethiopia [ i:θ ' p ], is now leading his army to save her from the Egyptians. As the Egyptian king hears this, he orders a young military commander named Radames to stop the Ethiopian army. But there is a problem: Radames is in love with Aida!
Radames successfully leads his army and defeats the Ethiopians. However, since he loves Aida, he asks the Egyptian king not to kill Aida’s father and his soldiers. The king agrees, but he then asks Radames to marry his daughter. As the Egyptians prepare for the wedding, Radames helps Aida and her father escape.
If you want to know what happens next, watch the whole opera yourself.
Well, luckily for you, listeners, Aida is now being staged(上演) in our local theatre. And this time, thanks to amazing 3-D technology, the production team has managed to breathe new life into [(给某事物)带来起色，注入活力] this timeless classic with a big screen on the stage.
People who have watched the performance say they are very impressed by the wonderful visual experience and the excellent acting. I highly recommend the opera and I’m sure that you’ll love it!
A2. Tom has seen the opera Aida and is talking to his mum about it. Listen to their conversation and complete the notes below. P65
Aida
Theatre
The theatre was (1) ____.
Performance
The singers’ voices were (2) _______________ and emotional. The lady who played Aida sang for (3) _____________________ hours.
The performers acted so well and (4) ___________________________(使更有趣；使更生动).
full
(very) powerful
nearly two and a half
brought the characters to life
Music
The musicians were fantastic. I was swept away(使某人醉心；驱使某人专注) by the music.
Set(布景)
The stage was pretty special. The 3-D technology made (5) ________________.
I was actually a little (6) __________ during the battle scenes.
everything look real
frightened
Story
The most impressive part was that Radames had to make a difficult choice between (7) _____________________.
The ending was so moving that some people in the audience (8) _____.
his love and his country
cried
Tapescripts
Tom: Hi, Mum, I’m back!
Mum: How was the opera Did you like it
Tom: Yes. It was amazing! I enjoyed it very much. The theatre was full, but I had a great seat.
Mum: What did you think of the performance
Tom: Wonderful. The singers’ voices were very powerful [(声音)响亮的，洪亮的]and had so much emotion in them. The lady playing Aida was just incredible. I don’t know how she managed to sing like that for nearly two and a half hours without losing her voice. The performers acted so well. They brought the characters to life!
Mum: What about the music
Tom: It was so good. The musicians were really fantastic, and I was swept away by the music.
Mum: Did you like the set
Tom: Yes. The stage was pretty special. The 3-D technology made everything look so real that it felt like you were really in Egypt! And I was actually a little frightened during the battle scenes.
It was as if the war was happening right in front of me.
Mum: That sounds exciting, Tom. What did you think of the story
Tom: I loved it. What impressed me most was the difficult choice Radames had to make between his love and his country.
Mum: I heard the ending was especially moving.
Tom: Yes! In the final act[(戏剧等)一幕], Radames was sentenced to death for helping Aida escape, but he was happy because he thought she had reached her own country. However, while he was in prison, he heard a sigh and was surprised to see Aida. She had hidden herself in the prison in order to die with him.
The ending was so touching. I saw some people in the audience crying when Aida died in Radames’s arms.
Mum: This was indeed a great opera!
A3. Have you attended or watched any musical performance, such as a concert, a musical or
an opera In pairs, talk about your experiences. Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold. P66
A: What did you think of the New Year’s concert
B: Although I don’t usually listen to classical music, I really enjoyed it. I had never seen a symphony orchestra before! The members of the orchestra were highly skilled musicians. They looked very serious at first, but they were clearly having lots of fun when they played the fast pieces.
A: What pieces did they play
B: The theme of the concert was “French composers”. They began with a piece by Claude Debussy [kl :d d 'busi: ] called La Mer. It’s about the sea, and I felt as if I were out on the sea when listening.
A: Interesting. What else did they play
B: The second piece was called Boléro, and it was composed by Maurice Ravel [m :'ri:s r vl] . The beginning of the piece was very simple: all I could hear was a drum beating out a steady rhythm. After a short while, the drum was joined by a flute. I thought it was boring at first because they kept playing the same melody over and over.
However, the music gradually became louder and louder, and the ending was incredibly powerful!
A: Wow, that sounds amazing. What did you like best about the concert
B: The last piece they played! It was from the opera Carmen [ kɑ:men] by Georges Bizet [bi: ze ]. That was really exciting and everyone at the concert loved it!
B. Reading and writing
B1. Austria is famous for its long musical tradition. Read the magazine article about music in Austria and answer the questions below. P66
What comes to your mind[突然记起(或想到)] when you think of music in Austria You might think of classical composers, such as Mozart ['m tsɑ:t]. Or you might remember the film The Sound of Music, whose story takes place in Austria. But Austrian music started off(一开始是) quite differently.
One of the earliest types of Austrian music may not seem like music at all. Yodelling [ j udl ][用约德尔唱法歌唱(以瑞士传统的真假嗓音交替歌唱)] is a form of yelling that alternates [ lt (r)ne ts] (交替) in pitch[(尤指乐音的)音高]between low and high.It is thought to have begun as a way for animal herders in the mountains to communicate or to call their animals.
Even today, yodelling is often used in other kinds of music, including pop, rock and country music.
However, Austria is best known for its many famous classical composers. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Austrian royal family were patrons [ peitr nz] [(艺术家的)赞助人，资助者] of the arts, and they drew many musicians to Vienna [vi en ].
The city soon became known as a centre for musical innovation and posers such as Wolfgang [ wulfɡ ] Amadeus [a'madi s] Mozart, Ludwig [ l dwiɡ] van Beethoven ['be t v n], Johann Strauss [stra s] II and Franz Schubert [' u:b :t] lived in Vienna. Some of them even used traditional Austrian folk songs or tunes in their works.
Opera has also been a popular music form in Austria, and it was not just wealthy Austrians who attended performances. Many popular classical composers also wrote operas, which regular citizens of Vienna flocked(群集；聚集；蜂拥) to hear. Even today, there are opera productions performed every year at the St Margarethen Opera Festival.
This festival is held outdoors, in a very unusual location: the rocky sandstone backdrop(背景)of a quarry(采石场). It now serves as a stage for opera, and also jazz and pop concerts. They all take place in the open air under the stars, taking advantage of the quarry’s unusual acoustics [ ku st ks] [(房间、戏院的)传声效果，音响效果].
Speaking of The Sound of Music, it was originally a Broadway musical and was made into a film in 1965. Most of the scenes were filmed in or near Salzburg [ s ltsb :ɡ], Austria. The story is based on the real-life story of the Von Trapp family, who fled from the country when the Nazis[ nɑ:tsi:z] invaded Austria.
Over 50 years after its release, the film is still very popular, and visitors to Salzburg can take special tours that include most of the film’s famous landmarks.
Austria has a long and rich musical history, from folk songs and dances to classical symphonies and operas.
No matter what kind of music you like, chances are that(可能…) you’ll be able to find it in one of the country’s many theatres or small cafés. The sounds of Austrian music are everywhere.
1. Why did Vienna become a centre for classical music
Vienna became a centre for classical music because of the Austrian royal family, who
were patrons of the arts. They drew many musicians to Vienna.
2. Why is the St Margarethen Opera Festival held outdoors
The opera festival is held outdoors against the rocky sandstone backdrop of a quarry,
which allows the performances to take advantage of the quarry’s unusual acoustics.
B2. Write an article introducing Kun Opera. Include information about its origin, features, famous pieces and influences on other music types. P67
Kun Opera: a short introduction
Kun Opera is an artistic [ɑ t st k] and elegant form of traditional Chinese drama. It is one of the oldest forms of opera still performed today and is our national treasure. It started in the late Yuan Dynasty and developed during the early Ming Dynasty, in the area around Kunshan, Suzhou.
What makes the style unique is its smoothly flowing melodies, and Kun Opera is considerably softer than Beijing Opera. The tempo [ temp ] [(乐曲的)速度，拍子，节奏] is slow, and brings to mind gentle waves on a lake.
这种风格的独特之处在于它流畅的旋律，昆曲比京剧要柔和得多。节奏很慢，让人联想到湖面上轻柔的波浪。
Another unique feature is that it is sung in a special stage dialect, based on the local dialect in Kunshan. The lyrics ['l r ks] (歌词) are similar to classical Chinese poetry.
The Peony [ pi ni] Pavilion [p v li n] (牡丹亭), first performed around 1599, is perhaps the most famous piece.
It was written by the playwright Tang Xianzu, and tells the story of the 16-year-old girl Du Liniang who falls in love with the scholar Liu Mengmei in a dream. Other famous pieces include The Peach Blossom Fan(桃花扇), The Palace of Long Life《长生殿》, The Western Mansion and The Legend of the White Snake.
Kun Opera dominated(支配；控制；左右；影响) Chinese theatre from the 16th to the 18th century and has influenced many other Chinese theatre forms, including Sichuan Opera and Beijing Opera. In 2001, UNESCO listed Kun Opera among the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.列为人类口头和非物质遗产的杰作之一
To summarize [ s m ra z], Kun Opera is a unique style of music with a long history. It is closely connected with Chinese literature and has played an important part in traditional Chinese culture.
Appreciating language
Ludwig van Beethoven got much comfort from his friends when he was in depression. Read aloud the letter below that Beethoven wrote to his friend Amenda.
My dear, my good Amenda, my warm-hearted friend,
I received and read your last letter with deep emotion, and with mingled [(感情）交织,交错] pain and pleasure. How often I wish that you were with me, for your Beethoven is very unhappy.
我满怀深情地收到并读了你的上一封信，痛苦和快乐交织在一起。
You must know that one of my most precious faculties ['f k( )lt z](官能；天赋), that of hearing, has become very defective(有缺点的；有缺陷的；有毛病的). Even while you were still with me I felt indications(迹象;暗示)of this, though I said nothing; but it is now much worse.
Whether I shall ever be cured remains yet to be seen; it is supposed to proceed [pr si d] from (由…引起；起因于；是…的结果)the state of my digestive organs, but I am almost entirely recovered in that respect [(事物的)方面，细节]. I hope indeed that my hearing may improve, but I scarcely (实在不应该；根本不可能) think so, for attacks [(尤指常发疾病的)发作，侵袭] of this kind are the most incurable of all. How sad my life must now be!
To my great comfort, a person has returned here with whom I can enjoy the pleasures of society(交往) and disinterested(无私的；公正的) friendship—one of the friends of my youth. I have often spoken to him of you, and told him that since I left my fatherland, you are one of those to whom my heart specially clings [(尤指情感上)依恋，依附].令我非常欣慰的是，有一个人回来了，我可以和他一起享受社交的乐趣和无私的友谊——他是我年轻时的朋友之一。我经常跟他谈起你，告诉他自从我离开祖国以来，你是我心里特别留恋的人之一。
Oh! How happy I would be if I had my full sense of hearing! I would then rush to visit you; whereas(然而), as it is(事实上), I must withdraw from[(使)退出, 脱离(社会)；不与人交往] everything. My best years will thus pass away(消失；消逝), without effecting(使发生；实现；引起) what my talents and powers might have enabled me to perform.
How melancholy [ mel nk li] [(令人)悲哀的；(令人)沮丧的] the resignation(无奈,屈从;顺从;听任;勉强接受) is! I had determined to rise superior to(不屈服的，不受影响的) all this, but how is it possible
　If in the course of six months my illness be pronounced(宣称；宣告；宣布；断言) incurable then, Amenda!
I shall appeal to(恳求)you to leave all else and come to me, when I intend to travel, and you must be my companion [k m p ni n] (旅伴). You will not, I know, refuse my request; you will help your friend to bear his burden and his suffering. I duly(按时地；准时地；适时地) received all your letters, and though I did not reply to them, you were constantly present with me, and my heart beats as tenderly as ever for you.我的心一如既往地为你温柔地跳动
I beg you will keep the fact of my deafness a profound secret, and not confide [k n fa d] [(向某人)吐露(隐私、秘密等)] it to any human being.Write to me frequently; your letters, however short, comfort and cheer me, so I shall soon hope to hear from you.
Your faithful and truly attached
L. V. Beethoven
Guided reading
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 — 1827) is one of the best-known Western composers,famous for his powerful and dramatic symphonies and piano pieces. This is a personal letter that Beethoven wrote to his close friend Karl Amenda in 1800.
The great composer was at a very difficult point in his life: Beethoven had just realized that he was gradually losing his hearing—in fact, he would later go completely deaf. This would be a tragedy for any musician or composer, and Beethoven was clearly in a state of deep despair and in need of a friend.
His writing was coloured[ (尤指负面地)影响] by this heavy mood, and the letter is thus full of emphatic [ m f t k](加强语气的) language, such as exclamations(感叹句)[ ekskl me nz] : “How often I wish that you were with me” “How sad my life must now be!” “How melancholy the resignation is!”
It is also clear that Beethoven was extremely worried about the future, so full of uncertainty. He speculated [ spekjuleitid](推测；猜测；推断) about what might happen: the letter contains many examples of hypothetical [ ha p θet kl](假设的；假定的) statements, such as “Whether I shall ever be cured remains yet to be seen”.
In the letter there are also some glimpses[短暂的感受(或体验、领会)] of hope amidst [ m dst](在…中) all the desperation(绝望；拼命；铤而走险) [ desp re n] : maybe, by some miracle, he might still recover. In the end, thanks to his friend, Beethoven was able to find the strength to carry on.