(共30张PPT)
Unit 6
When was it invented
（Grammar Focus-4c）
Learning objectives
By the end of the class, you will be able to …
1. Learn the new words and phrases: fridge, low, somebody, translate, lock, earthquake, sudden, all of a sudden, biscuit, cookie, instrument
2. Grasp the sentence structures of the passive voice of the past tense and use it freely.
3. Grasp the verbs of the past participle.
4. Use the passive voice to talk about the history of inventions.
Free-talk
A: When was the tea invented
B: ...
A: Who was it invented by
B: ...
A: How was the tea invented
B: ...
Presentation
Grammar Focus
When was the zipper invented It was invented in 1893.
Who was it invented by It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.
When was tea brought to Korea It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream.
Active Voice: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Passive Voice: The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell) in 1876.
一般过去时的被动语态
概念：当主语是动作的承受者时，且动作发生在过去，就要用一般过去时的被动语态。
结构：was/were + 及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态
1.一般过去时的被动语态句式结构：
句式 结构
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
特殊疑问句
主语+ was/were +及物动词的过去分词
主语+ wasn’t/ weren’t +及物动词的过去分词
Was/Were +主语+及物动词的过去分词
肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ was/ were.
否定回答: No, 主语+ wasn’t/ weren’t.
特殊疑问词+ was/were +主语+过去分词
2.一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法
用法 示例
表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作，且句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者 The house was built in 1990.
这所房子建于1990年。
讲述发生在过去的动作，且不知道动作的执行者 He was honored with the name “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
他被授予“杂交水稻之父”之称。
3.主动语态和被动语态的相互转化
主动句：动作的执行者（主语）+谓语动词+动作的
承受者（宾语）
被动句：动作的承受者（主语）+be+及物动词的过去
分词+by+动作的执行者
[巧记]：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人
称be关键
①含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，而指“物”的直接宾语则不变
He gave me a book yesterday.
I was given a book (by him) yesterday.
4. 含双宾语和复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态的方法
②如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for
I brought him some food.
Some food was brought to him (by me).
③含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，要将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。
Jim asked Tom to go for a walk.
Tom was asked (by Jim) to go for a walk.
④ 如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，主动语态变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号 to。
We often heard Kate sing in the room.
Kate was often heard to sing in the room (by us).
5.注意事项
There be结构没有被动语态。
happen, rise, appear, come out, take place等不及物动词没有被动语态。
宾语为反身代词的主动句没有被动语态。
look, sound, smell等系动词或sell, write, wash等表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词可以用主动形式表被动含义。
例：这些书卖得很好。
eg: These books sell well.
talk about, pay attention to, take care of等动词短语在变为被动语态时，其中的介词不可遗漏。
例：她把女儿照顾得很好。
eg: Her daughter is taken good care of by her.
在主动语态中, see, watch, hear等感官动词和使役动词make后接省略to的动词不定式；但在变为被动语态时，要把省略的to还原。
例：我看见我的老板买了一些明信片。
eg: My boss was seen to buy some postcards by me.
4a Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
They sold the fridge at a low price.
The fridge was sold at a low price.
Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.
My camera was stolen from my hotel room.
3. Where did you take these photos
4. Our parents advised us not to go out alone.
5. Different writers translated the book into different languages.
Where were these photos taken
We were advised not to go out alone by our parents.
The book was translated into different languages by
different writers.
4b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
You _____________ to the party last night, weren’t you Why didn’t you go
2. The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers _____________ to a safe place.
eat lock like ring invite break tell bring
were invited
were brought
3. The door ___________ when we arrived, so we ______ the bell.
4. The students ________ not to eat or drink in class. But Ruby _______ the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class.
5. The cookies __________ by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes, and they really ______ them.
was locked
rang
were told
broke
were eaten
liked
4c Decide whether active or passive forms should be used in these sentences. Write the correct forms in the blanks.
The telephone _____________(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He __________ (born) in 1847. Mr. Bell ________ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson. In 1875, Mr. Bell _______ (learn) how to send musical notes
was invented
was born
worked
learnt
through an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone ____________ (invent) in 1876. The first sentence that ________ (say) on the telephone by Mr. Bell was “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you.” Today the telephone ________ (use) around the world.
was invented
was said
is used
Do you know Alexander Graham Bell
I know that the telephone was invented by him.
Yes! When was he born
He was born in 1847.
Let’s know more about him!
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔，电气工程学家、发明家、企业家和聋哑教育家，出身于苏格兰，1870年移民加拿大，而后移居美国，在波士顿大学工作。
贝尔的父亲从事聋哑人教育工作。受父亲的影响，贝尔从小就对语言和声音传播很有兴趣。在一次做电报实验时，他发现一块铁片在磁铁前面振动发出的微弱声响竟通过导线传到了远处。这个现象给了贝尔很大的启示。
Let’s know more about him!
1875年贝尔发明了电话，随后经过不断实验、改进，终于在1876年3月通过他发明的装置传出了人类在电话机上说的第一句话。为此他申请并获得了世界上第一台可用电话机的专利权，而后他创建了贝尔电话公司（AT&T公司的前身）。
1. My students always shared ideas in class last year.(改
为被动语态)
Ideas _____ always _______ by my students in class
last year.
2. We finished the whole project. (改为被动语态)
The whole project ____ _________ by us.
were shared
Exercises
was finished
1. The young man saved the lives of the children.
2. The villagers didn’t find the lost boy at last.
将下列句子改为被动语态
The lives of the children were saved by the young man.
The lost boy wasn’t found by the villagers at last.
3. Did you clean up your room last night
4. My mother bought me a new CD player.
5. We saw Jim come in.
Was your room cleaned up last night
I was bought a new CD player by my mother. A new CD player was bought for me by my mother.
Jim was seen to come in.
Summary
一般过去时
的被动语态
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定句
结构：
主动语态 被动语态
特殊疑问句
Master what you have learned in this lesson.
Learn to talk about the history of inventions with the
passive voice in the simple past tense.
Homework
