Unit2 Saving the Earth 语法精讲 课件

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Unit2 Saving the Earth
---语法精讲
不定代词
一般不定代词及用法
1. some/ any
既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
1). some用于陈肯句；any用于疑问句或否定句。
I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples.
我能看见一些花，但看不到任何苹果。
2). some用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能；
any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能，意为“任何”。
Would you like some coffee 你要些咖啡吗？
You may come at any time. 你可以在任何时候来。
2. many/ much
注意：“many”和“much”前可用so, too等词进行修饰。
There are too many mistakes in your diary.
你的日志里有太多错误。
So many people are waiting for the bus. 有太多人在等公交车。
Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do.
对不起，我恐怕不能跟你走。我有太多作业要做了。
3. few/ a few/ little/ a little
修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 含义
few 几乎没有 little几乎没有 否定含义
a few 几个，一些 a little还有一点 肯定含义
I have a few friends. 我有几个朋友。
She has few friends. 她几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little milk. 我们还有点牛奶。
There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
4. both, either, neither, all, every, none
使用范围 单词 中文释义 例句
两个人或物 both 两者都 Both of the boys are clever.
两个男孩都很聪明。
either 两者中任何一个 Either of the two boys is clever.
两个男孩都很聪明。
neither 两者都不 Neither of the two boys is clever.
两个男孩都不聪明。
三者及以上 all 所有的，全部 All the flowers are gone.
所有的花都谢了。
any 任何一个 Any of you can go with me.
你们任何一个人都可以跟我走。
none 都不 I like none of the flowers.
这些花我都不喜欢。
5. other, the other, another, others, the others
易混淆词 范围 含义
other 泛指 其他的
the other(one…,the other…) = 2 另一个
another ≥ 3 另一个
others = other+名词复数 剩余非全部 其他的
the others 剩余全部 其他的
I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red. 我有两支铅笔。一支是黄的，另一支是红的。
I don’t like this green pencil. Please give me another one.我不喜欢这支绿铅笔请给我再来一支。
In our class, some students like playing football, others (=other students) like playing basketball.
在我们班，一些同学喜欢踢足球，另一些喜欢打篮球。
There are seven people in Running Man. One of them is a woman, and the others are men.
跑男团有7个人。其中一个是女士，其他都是男士。
三、复合不定代词及用法
1. 构成：由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。
构成部分 body（人） one（人） thing（事或物）
some somebody某人 someone某人 something某事（物）
any anybody任何人 anyone任何人 anything任何事（物）
no nobody没有人 no one没有人 nothing没有事（物）
every everybody每个人 everyone每个人 everything每个事（物）
注意：形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else要置于复合不定代词之后。
something important一些重要的事
There’s nothing else in the fridge. 冰箱里没有其他的东西了。
一、重难点：
1. 在否定句中not...any的意义相当于no。如：
There isn’t any (= is no) water in the bottle.
这个瓶子里一点水都没有。
2. some用于可数名词单数前，表示“某个”。
Some careless man has taken my umbrella.
某个粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨伞。
二、易错点：
1. 在征求意见的疑问句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some。
Would you like some dessert 你要吃些甜点吗？
2. both和all与not连用时表示部分否定，意为“并非……都……”。如：
Both my parents are not doctors. 并非我的父母都是医生。
3. every 和each
1). every指三个以上的人或物（含三个），each指两个以上的人或物（含两个）。
2). every只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词，可以和of连用。every或each作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Every student has to take one. 大家都能拿一个。
Each student can spend 10 yuan. 每个学生能花10元钱。
Each of his children goes to a different school.
他的每个孩子都在不同的学校读书。
1. _________ of you can have one orange, children. ( every, each )
2. The clock has three hands. One is short, _________ two are long. ( the other, another )
3. She is off work today. She has _________ to do. ( something, nothing )
4. Is there _________ salad in the fridge ( any, some )
5. If you have _________ questions, you can ask me at any time. ( any, some )
6. Listen carefully. I have _________ important to inform you. ( something, anything )
7. If you need a dictionary, I can lend you _________. ( some, one )
8. Look! _________ is dancing in the hall. ( Someone, Anyone )
9. Would you like _________ more soup ( some, any )
10. Could you lend me _________ money ( some, any )
Each
the other
nothing
any
any
something
one
Someone
some
some
句子的分类（按结构）
1. 简单句 （Simple Sentences）
2. 并列句 （Compound Sentences）
按结构可分为：
3. 复合句 （Complex Sentences）
简单句
例句：1. She goes to work every day.
2. Tom and I found her there.
3. We all breathe, eat and work.
说明：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语
（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
一、Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）
此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
We │come.
The baby│cried.
Birds are flying.
Her baby is crying.
The sun is setting.
No one laughed.
二、Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
The dinner │smells │good.
He │is growing │tall and strong.
系动词：连接主语和表语的动词称为连系动词
分类：
1、be动词
2、持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, seem等
3、感官动词：look, smell, sound, taste, feel. “五起来”
4、变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
1今天我感觉不太舒服。
2 他看上去很累。
3 你的汤味道很好。
4 她似乎对计划不感兴趣。
I don’t feel very well today.
He looks very tired.
Your soup tastes very good.
She doesn’t seem very interested in the plan.
三、Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
Who │knows │the answer
He │likes │English.
1过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。
2 他们很快控制了病情。
3 他们只是在建空中楼阁。
We’ve achieved a lot in the past twenty years.
They soon controlled the disease.
They are just building castles in the air.
四、Ｓ+Ｖ+IO +DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物, 通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
She│gave│me│a new book.
He│brought│you │a dictionary.
1 她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。
2 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。
3 这会省去你很多麻烦。
4 请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。
She sang us an English song.
I’ll make you some fresh tea.
That will save you a lot of trouble.
Please fetch me today’s paper.
五、Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。
The sun │ keeps │ us │ warm.
I │ heard │ him │ singing.
You │ must get │ your hair │ cut.
1我们把门漆成了黄色。
2 她把连衣裙烘干了。
3 他发现这工作很有意思。
4 什么使你这样生气？
We painted the door yellow.
She dried her dress out.
He found the job quite interesting.
What made you so angry
并列句
例句：1. I often help her and she helps me, too.
2. Harry likes eggs, but he doesn’t like chicken.
说明：由并列连词（如：and, so, but, or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
一、联合关系
我们常用并列连词and, when，not only…but also…，neither……nor……等连接联合并列句。
e.g. He helps me and I help him.
He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English.
Attention：
not only…but also… 放于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装 （即把does、can、have/has/had放在not only 后面），but also后面的句子不用。
e.g.
Not only does Lily want to come, but also Allen needs her.
Not only had the poor man been fined but also he had been sent to prison.
Not only can we learn new skills but also make new friends.
二、选择关系
我们常用并列连词or, either…or…, otherwise，or else等连接选择并列句。
e.g.
Either you leave the house or I’ll call the police.
三、转折关系
我们常用并列连词but, while, yet等连接转折并列句。
e.g.
John plays basketball well, but his favorite sport is badminton.
I like tea while she likes coffee.
She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
四、因果关系
并列连词so, for,because等连接因果并列句。
e.g.
It is late, so we should go home now.
I am thirsty, for it is hot.
注意：
在either……or……、neither……nor……并列两个主语时，后面的谓语动词的形式用就近原则。
e.g. Either you or I am going to the market.
Neither you nor him is wrong.
2. 并列连词so 不能与because连用; 并列连词
but不能和although或 though连用。
1. I thought the actor was famous ,_________none of myfriends has ever heard of him.
A.and B.or C.so D.but
2. We're going to Suzhou Amusement Park in Linda'scar.You can come with us _____you can meet usthere later.
A. or B. but C.and D.then
3. Don't be crazy about computer games, ______yourparents will be worried
A.and B.or C.but D.so
D
A
B