被动语态(一)
语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者；另一种是被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者。下面的两个例句可以帮助大家理解二者的用法。
1. Kelly cleans the house every day. (该句为主动语态，主语Kelly是动作clean的执行者，宾语the house是动作clean的承受者。)
2. The house is cleaned by Kelly every day. (该句为被动语态，主语the house是动作clean的承受者，动作的执行者Kelly由介词by引出。)
被动语态通常由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：
English is spoken in many countries.
Such books were written for middle school students.
The computer should be turned off at once.
被动语态可用于多种时态，本单元我们学习一般现在时的被动语态。
一、构成
be (am / is / are) +及物动词的过去分词
如：
The students are told to study hard.
The students aren’t told to study hard.
—Are the students told to study hard
—Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Who are told to study hard
二、如何将主动句变成被动句
分为五步：第一步将主动句中的宾语变成被动句中的主语(宾语如为人称代词，须将宾格变为主格)；第二步根据这个主语选用相应的助动词be (am / is /are)；第三步将主动句中的谓语动词变成它的过去分词形式；第四步将主动句中的主语置于介词by之后(如为人称代词，须将主格变为宾格)；第五步将句中的其他成分加上。如：
课堂练习
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. All customers _______ to take their temperatures when they enter the supermarket.
A. is asked B. was asked C. are asked D. were asked
(2021 广西河池)
( )2. The videos about cooking tell us how food _______.
A. makes B. made C. is made D. was made
(2021 辽宁抚顺、本溪、辽阳)
( )3. Fishing _______ in order to protect the ecosystem of Hanjiang River.
A. allows B. is allowed C. isn't allowed D. won't allow
(2021 湖北十堰)
Ⅱ.句型转换
1. They hold a birthday party for their son every year. (改为被动语态)
A birthday party for their son _______ _______ by them every year.
2. Linda is asked to clean her bedroom. (改为否定句)
Linda _______ _______ to clean her bedroom.
3. The students are encouraged to volunteer to help the old. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定及否定回答)
—_______ the students _______ to volunteer to help the old
—_______, _______ _______.
—_______, _______ _______.
4. This kind of coffee is produced in Yunnan Province. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ this kind of coffee _______
5. This bag is made by hand. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ this bag _______
答案
Ⅰ. 1-3 CCC
Ⅱ. 1. is held 2. isn't asked 3. Are; encouraged; Yes; they are; No; they aren't
4. Where is; produced 5. How is; made介绍家乡的特色产品或特色食物
写作任务
(Section B 3a & 3b)
假如你是李浩。你的英国笔友Allen给你发来电子邮件想了解你家乡的特色产品或特色食物。请你给他回复一封邮件，介绍一种你家乡的有特色的产品或食物。
【审清题目】
内容：介绍家乡的特色产品或食物
文体：应用文(电子邮件)；邮件的主体部分为说明文
人称：以第三人称为主
时态：以一般现在时和一般过去时为主
【头脑风暴】
【提供素材】 （以下表所列的特色产品和特色食物为例，展示如何搜集所需语言素材）
常用单词和短语
在横线上填写短语。
特色产品——景德镇瓷器
Name: Jingdezhen porcelain History: more than 1,600 years Material: china clay Producer: craftsmen (工匠) Uses: be enjoyed by people, hold things, be used for decoration (装饰) / collection (收藏) ... Meanings: (1) (中国传统文化的象征), show the excellent ceramic art (陶瓷艺术) to the world ...
特色食物——云南过桥米线
Name: Yunnan crossing-the-bridge rice noodles History: more than 100 years Ingredients (原料): rice noodles, quails'eggs (鹌鹑蛋), chicken soup, beef, fish, lettuce and other vegetables ... Producers: cooks, rice noodle lovers ... Popular places: at home and abroad Evaluations (评价): (2) (最知名的云南小吃之一), an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Kunming City ... Features (特色): keep people warm in cold weather, give / provide different nutrition (营养) ... Legend (传说): study hard for one's examination, cross a long bridge to send rice noodles to, name the dish “crossing-the-bridge rice noodles” in memory of ...
Key: 1. a symbol of traditional Chinese culture
2. one of the best-known / most famous / known Yunnan snacks
常用句型
1. My hometown is famous / known / well-known for ...
2. ... has / have a history of ... years.
3. ... has / have been around for ... years.
4. It goes / dates back to ...
5. It is said / Legend has it that ...
6. ... is / are made of / from / by / in ...
7. It's one of the ... dishes in ...
8. ... is / are special because / because of ...
9. It's popular among / with sb. ... / around ...
【谋篇布局】
将括号内的汉语翻译成英语，补全邮件。
Dear Allen,
开门见山，点明特色产品 How is it going My hometown,Kunming City in Yunnan Province, (1)_______________________________(以云南过桥米线而出名).
详细介绍 Yunnan crossing-the-bridge rice noodles is a must-try snack food in Kunming. (2)_____________________________( 它有100多年的历史). The food is special because of its name. It is said that a wife prepared the rice noodles for her husband every day and she had to cross a bridge to take the food to the hard-working man. Later, (3)_____________________________(这种食物被命名为“过桥米线”). Now it is popular at home and abroad. (4)_____________________________(它由米线、鸡汤和其他原料制作而成). You can also add whatever ingredients you like into it.
表达希望 Yunnan crossing-the-bridge rice noodles is an intangible cultural heritage of Kunming City. I believe as time goes by, (5)_____________________________(越来越多的人会喜欢上它). Yours, Li Hao
Key:
1. is famous / known / well-known for Yunnan crossing-the-bridge rice noodles
2. It has been around for / It has a history of over / more than 100 years
3. the food was named “crossing-the-bridge rice noodles”
4. It is made of rice noodles, chicken soup and other ingredients
5. more and more people will love it
