北师大版（2019）必修第二册Unit 5 Humans and Nature 能力提升单元达标测试B卷（含解析）

Unit 5 Humans and Nature B卷 能力提升—2023-2024学年高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you're not one of the record 1. 9 million British holiday makers who went on a cruise (海上航游) last year, isn't it high time you walked up the gangway
We've rounded up all of the best packages you need to know about, as well as picking out some of our top favourite late deals.
US Transatlantic from 629 pei~person: Sail 13 nights with stops including Boston, New York. Price is on a full-board basis and includes accommodation as well as on board entertainment and activities. Based on an interior cabin (船舱) but upgrade to Ocean View for an extra 177 per-person.
Cuba from 400 pei~person: Sail five nights on board Majesty of the Seas with stops in Havana Cuba and Mexico. Price is on a full-board basis and includes accommodation as well as onboard entertainment and activities.
Portugal, Spain and Italy from 479 pei~person: Sail seven nights with stops including Madeira, and Malaga on a full-board basis. Price includes meals, afternoon tea, late-night snacks, luxury en-suite accommodation, all onboard activities and entertainment.
European cities from 579 pei~person: Sail on board MSC Meraviglia from Barcelona to visit Marseille, Genoa, Civitavecchia, Palermo and Valetta, and make the most of MSC's all-inclusive drinks package including coffees, cocktails, wine, beer, spirits and soft drinks for over 18s. Price is on a cruise only basis with two people sharing a cabin
While there are plenty of great late deals available to customers, the cruise industry often has some of its best deals months in advance. Going forward, cruise lines are looking to change the way the booking system works so the prices go up closer to the departure.
1. Who is the passage written for
A. Sailor. B. A holiday designer. C. An advertiser. D. A potential tourist.
2. How much should a couple pay for US Transatlantic Ocean View cabin
A. 1,612. B. 1,258. C. 806. D. 629.
3. Whose price doesn't include entertainment
A. Cuba. B. Portugal, Spain and Italy.
C. European cities. D. US Transatlantic.
B
A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels. I'm not going to sugar-coat my experience. It takes commitment and a willingness to change long-held habits. In creating my kitchen, I tried a lot of different alternative products and some plain old stuff ; the result, however, has been worth the effort. I'm recycling more and relying less on single-use products and I'm saving money too.
I'm not kidding when I say that I used to really love plastic storage bags, so this was, perhaps, the biggest challenge for me. Switching to reusable storage bags is a financial investment, but the cost is reasonable considering that I previously spent at least $100 annually on single-use plastic bags and wrap. I will check online periodically for recycling updates, where a zero-waste box for kitchen items is offered, from party supplies to mixed-material food containers.
I'm a clean freak(怪人) and used to go through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis, but it's easy enough to take old T-shirts or towels and cut them up to use to wipe down surfaces. I'm also a fan of bamboo paper towels, which have the look and feel of traditional paper towels, yet are made from a highly renewable source and also break down in just 45 days. Better yet, they can be reused up to 100 times. As for kitchen sponges (海绵块), I keep an eye out for those made with natural and recyclable materials.
When purchasing household items online from companies like Amazon or Jet, I will ask to have them shipped in as few boxes as possible or as small a box as possible if a single item is to be sent. I'll let the company know that they should pay more attention to the packaging of the delivery.
1.What is the author's main purpose of creating her kitchen
A.To save money. B.To reduce waste and recycle more.
C.To change her long-held habits. D.To make it cleaner and more practical.
2.What does the underlined word "sugar-coat" in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Make attractive. B.Get interested. C.Show off. D.Give up.
3.In creating her kitchen, what does the author do
A.Begins to recycle more single-use plastic bags.
B.Goes through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis.
C.Checks online periodically to buy a zero-waste box.
D.Chooses to use the recyclable or reusable kitchen items.
4.What can we learn about the author from the text
A.She has strong environmental awareness.
B.She is now used to traditional paper towels.
C.She has a good knowledge of financial investment.
D.She prefers to have her purchases packed in small boxes.
C
In the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold. In coastal water bodies, including river mouths and seas, low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950. Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as the Earth warms.
"Oxygen is fundamental to life in the ocean," said Denise Breitburg, a marine ecologist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. "The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment. Actually, it's a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels, restaurants, taxis and everything else. The reverberations (影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive."
In areas traditionally called "dead zones", like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets(暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond "dead zones". Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death. It also can cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can boom in "dead zones", overall biodiversity falls.
Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermore, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms, which run out of oxygen as they die and break down.
People's livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller fisheries (渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.
1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A.The ocean has been losing its oxygen. B.The amount of sea water is increasing.
C.The coastal water bodies are dangerous. D.The Earth becomes warmer and warmer.
2.What can we infer from Denise Breitburg's words
A.Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.
B.The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.
C.The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.
D.The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environment problem.
3.How does the "dead zone" affect sea animals
A.It offers more food. B.It forms dangerous gas.
C.It reduces their living areas. D.It produces more carbon dioxide.
4.How can we win the war according to the text
A.By closing smaller fisheries. B.By controlling humans' bad activities.
C.By improving people's living standards. D.By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.
D
Nature has provided us with many kinds of resources. It is like a great magician (魔术师), creating wonders on the Earth. One of them is the Amazon rainforest, the world's largest rainforest and home to millions of plants and animals. Nicknamed "the lungs of our planet", it produces about one-fifth of the Earth's oxygen. However, this wonderful natural wonder is now in danger.
Thousands of fires have broken out in Brazil, endangering much of the rainforest. These flames have lasted several weeks and are believed to be the "most intense" ,in almost ten years, according to BBC News.
The Amazon has seen a large number of fires in 2019. Between January and August, there were over 74,000 fires—the highest number since 2013, the BBC reported.
Forest fires are common during the dry season, which runs from July to October. They are usually caused by natural events like lightning. However, most of the fires this year are believed to be caused by farmers, who use fire as a traditional part of tropical agriculture(农业) to clean land, reported CNN.
"It's the best time to bum because the plants are dry. Farmers wait for the dry season and they start burning and clearing the areas so that their cattle can have grass," wrote the CNN meteorologist Haley Brink.
The disaster has raised concern(关注) around the world. The Amazon rainforest is important for preventing climate change, and absorbing millions of tons of carbon annually, said the BBC. When trees are cut down or burned, the rainforest's ability to absorb carbon is reduced.
Brazilian climate expert Carlos Nobre told Reuters he was worried. If more than 20 percent of the ecosystem is destroyed, the Amazon rainforest could reach a "tipping point (临界点)", where the thick jungle will turn into a tropical savannah (大草原).
Nobre warned that it was not far off, with between 15 and 17 percent of the rainforest having already been destroyed.
The Brazilian government has sent soldiers to fight the fires. Many people have offered their support and called for recovery efforts. For example, Tim Cook, CEO of Apple, said he wanted to donate money and the America actor Leonardo DiCaprio's environmental charity, Earth Alliance, created a donation fund to help deal with the disaster.
The public are also encouraged to donate to charities concerned with rainforest protection. "Every little bit helps in a bad situation like this," commented Gizmodo.
1.The underlined word "intense" probably means ________.
A.natural B.terrible C.common D.unexpected
2.What is the main cause of forest fires in the Amazon rainforest this year
A.Lightning. B.Hot weather.
C.Agricultural activities. D.Garbage left by tourists.
3.What was Nobre worried about in the article
A.Global temperatures will rise.
B.The Amazon rainforest is close to disappearing.
C.Animals in the Amazon rainforest are under threat.
D.It will take the Amazon rainforest several decades to recover.
4.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A.Efforts made to save the Amazon rainforest.
B.The possible future of the Amazon rainforest.
C.What the Brazilian government has done to fight fires.
D.Celebrities (名人) who care about rainforest protection.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fish come in all kinds of shapes, sizes and colors. They first appeared in the oceans of the earth about 500 million years ago. Today there are tens of thousands of different kinds of fish and new species are discovered every year.
Where fish live
①_________ They preferably live in areas where warm and cold currents meet. And about 40% of fish species are in fresh water. Some of them live in the clear water of rivers while others prefer muddy pond water. A few types of fish can swim in both salt and fresh water.
Senses
Fish have organs that tell them what is happening in the water around them. They can see left and right at the same time. They not only can hear sounds in the water but can also sense sounds that happen on the surface. ②_________
Bodies of fish
Fish have no neck. The head and the body are combined. Most fish are shaped like cigars so that they can travel very quickly. Fish are cold-blooded. ③_________ The skin of most fish is made out of a special slippery substance. Fish breathe oxygen from the water they live in.
④_________
Fish were among the first animals hunted by primitive human beings. Millions of people all over the world depend on fish as a main form of nutrition. In many coastal countries, such as Japan or Norway, people depend on fishing to make a living. ⑤_________ They eat other sea animals and are eaten by other sea creatures, thus keeping up the balance of nature.
A.Dangers to fish
B.The importance of fish
C.Fish are a part of the food chain.
D.Most of the world's fish live in salt water.
E.Their body temperature changes with their surroundings.
F.Fish are also endangered by pollution of the world's oceans.
G.Fish can also feel water movements, thus feeling the dangers that approach them.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was late, about 10: 15 p. m., when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport train station; she jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute drive home to her husband and seven-year-old son. She'd just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route many times before. She practically 1 on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a left on Montauk Highway, and then— wham! Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito's minivan, 2 her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She 3 in the minivan, bruised (撞伤) but mostly just knocked out by the 4 and the airbags.
As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for 5 . He'd just closed his book and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and breaking glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer 6 and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never 7 to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡衣), ran out the door. "Any firefighter would have done what I did," he told Nevosday. "We're always on duty."
The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had 8 Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and 9 Esposito's minivan positioned on the railroad tracks. And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells signaling an oncoming train.
"The gates were starting to come down," he told Nezvsday. "I see the headlight of the train." DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito's minivan and knocked on the driver's side window. She 10 looked at him, her eyes unfocused. "I don't know where I am," she said. She seemed unhurt. "Honey, you're on the railroad 11 ," DiPinto shouted. "We have to get you off right now!" He pulled hard on the handle, but the door was crashed in and 12 . The heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was moving fast toward them. DiPinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the door. "Please, don't let her be 13 ," he thought. He pushed aside the deflating (瘪了的) airbags, grabbed Esposito's arms, and pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and quickly get her to 14 behind a signal box a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan. "It was like a Hollywood movie" DiPinto told reporters the next day.
But this one had a twist. "Last night," South Country Ambulance chief Greg Miglino told CBS Nezv York, "the 15 arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck."
1. A. drove B. walked C. rode D. hiked
2. A. allowing B. forcing C. ordering D. reminding
3. A. sat B. stood C. hid D. waited
4. A. action B. noise C. impact D. bomb
5. A. class B. work C. dinner D. bed
6. A. doctor B. driver C. firefighter D. engineer
7. A. stopped B. troubled C. intended D. wanted
8. A. warned B. caught C. hit D. followed
9. A. observed B. spotted C. realized D. predicted
10. A. yet B. just C. still D. even
11. A. yards B. stations C. bridges D. tracks
12. A. unlocked B. jammed C. open D. gone
13. A. scared B. ignored C. trapped D. defeated
14. A. return B. work C. safety D. life
15. A. police B. actor C. reporter D. hero
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As global warming continues to upset our daily weather, we often forget it also influences the quantity, quality, and growing ①________(location) of our food. Many foods have already earned top places ②________ the world's "endangered food" lists, because of their ③________ (possible) of becoming rare (稀少的) within the next 30 years.
To start with ④________ is necessary in many people's lives, we are disappointed ⑤________ (find) that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic (不稳定的)rainfall patterns, ⑥________ invite disease to the coffee plant and beans. The result is significant cuts in coffee output.
And coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees ⑦________ (actual) prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with sufficient rain. However, as higher temperatures take more moisture from soil and plants, ⑧________ is unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for this ⑨________ (lose).
Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperature rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat ⑩________ undergo warming of their own. The result is a decline in the fish population.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友David来邮件想了解你们学校近期举行万米接力赛的情况。请给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 比赛目的；
2. 时间和地点；
3. 过程及意义。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a warm and sunny morning at the Central Park Zoo. Mary and her classmates were chatting noisily with excitement as their school bus entered the zoo parking lot. Today, Mary's class was going on a field trip to the zoo to learn more about the animals and their natural habitats.
"Before you leave the bus, please make sure you have your partner!" Mrs Brown announced. To make sure no one got lost in the zoo, each student had a companion. Mary's companion was named John. John loves animals and was also excited to go to the zoo. But sometimes, John does not follow the rules and gets into trouble. Mary hoped that today, John would follow the rules so they would not get into trouble.
When the rest of the students got off the bus, Mary and John quickly ran off to explore. They found the exhibits for many different kinds of animals and learnt a lot about their natural habitats. They saw the elephants playing and they saw giraffes eating. They saw the polar bears sleeping and the monkeys leaping. Mary asked John:
"John, what is your favourite animal "
"I think I like chimpanzees best. They have a lot of energy, just like me! What animal do you like, Mary "
"I love polar bears! I think their lifestyle in the Arctic is very interesting. "
A few hours later, Mary and John started to feel hungry. They made their way back to the zoo entrance to eat lunch at the Rainforest Café. The Rainforest Café is both Mary and John's favourite restaurant because there is an aquarium inside. The restaurant is also famous for its chocolate cake, which Mary ordered for dessert after they had finished their lunch.
As Mary was finishing her cake, John excused himself to go to the restroom. About ten minutes later, an alarm began to go off suddenly and a voice came over the loudspeaker.
"Attention! Someone has opened the door of the chimpanzee exhibit! Some chimpanzees have escaped!"
People were screaming and starting to run. Mary looked for John, but he was nowhere to be found.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As more and more people ran out of the zoo, Mary began to think__________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As Mary raced up the path to the animal exhibits, she stopped_____________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DAC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段"If you're not one of the record 1. 9 million British holiday makers who went on a cruise last year, isn't it high time you walked up the gangway "可知,如果你不是去年 190万英国度假者中的一员,那你是不是该踏上人生旅途了 由此可推知,这篇文章是潜在的游客写的。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"US Transatlantic from 629 per-person"(美国横渡大西洋起价629英镑/人)以及"Based on an interior cabin but upgrade to Ocean View for an extra 177 per-person"可知,以室内小屋为基础,但要升级到海景舱,每人需额外支付177英镑。由此可知,一对夫妇应该为美国的跨大西洋海景舱付 629+629+177+177= 1612。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中"Price is on a cruise only basis with two people sharing a cabin"可知,价格仅限于两人同住一个船舱的邮轮。分析其他活动详情可知,European cities不包括娱乐。 故选C。
B
答案：1-4.BADA
解析：本文是一篇记叙文。为了减少一次性产品的使用,作者建了一个环保厨房,并且改变了自己的很多生活习惯,使用更环保的产品。
1.细节理解题。由第一段第一句"A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels."可知,一年前,作者想要建一个环保的厨房,这样就可减少使用像塑料袋和纸巾这样的一次性产品。由此可知,作者创建厨房的主要目的是减少浪费和循环利用更多物品。故选B。
2.词义猜测题。由第一段第三句"It takes commitment and a willingness to change long-held habits."可知,作者建环保厨房,改变长期的生活习惯是她自己做出的承诺并且是心甘情愿的,而并不是美化自己的经历,使其变得有吸引力。所以sugar-coat表示"美化,使……有吸引力"。故选A。
3.细节理解题。由第一段中的"I tried a lot of different alternative products and some plain old stuff; the result, however, has been worth the effort. I'm recycling more and relying less on single-use products and I'm saving money too."可知,在这个厨房里,作者试着使用许多替代产品和一些普通又旧式的东西,最终她重复使用的次数变多了,而且对一次性产品的依赖越来越低,同时也节省了钱。由此可知,在创建她的厨房时,作者选择了可循环利用或可多次使用的厨房用品。故选D。
4.推理判断题。由第三段第一句"I'm a clean freak(怪人) and used to go through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis, but it's easy enough to take old T-shirts or towels and cut them up to use to wipe down surfaces."可知,作者曾经习惯每天使用一定数量的纸巾,但是现在作者用旧衣服或毛巾,而B项是说作者现在习惯使用传统的纸巾,与原文不符,故排除B项;C项"她精通金融投资"原文未提及;由最后一段第一句"When purchasing household items online from companies like Amazon or Jet, I will ask to have them shipped in as few boxes as possible or as small a box as possible if a single item is to be sent."可知,作者在网上购物时,会让卖家尽可能用最少的盒子或最小的盒子来包装她买的东西,作者是根据自己所买东西来确定使用包装盒子的数量和大小,而并不是她偏爱用小盒子包装她的东西,显然D项与原文不符,故排除D项;由第一段第一句"A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels."可知,作者为了减少一次性产品的使用而建了一个环保的厨房,所以从文中我们可以知道作者是一个环保意识很强的人。故选A。
C
答案：1-4.ABCB
解析：本文是一篇说明文。由于人类活动的影响导致全球变暖,气候变化影响到了海洋生物的生存,又反作用于人类的生计,人类必须采取措施应对此问题。
1.主旨大意题。通过第一段我们知道了海洋面临的现状:在过去的50年里,海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多。低氧场所自1950年以来增加了十多倍。通过这些现状,科学家预计,随着地球变暖,即使在这些区域之外,氧气也会继续下降。由此可知海洋正在失去氧气。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段Denise Breitburg说的Oxygen is fundamental to life in the ocean和The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment... The reverberations(影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.可知,海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一,这种不健康的海洋生态系统的影响还会扩大。由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的In areas traditionally called "dead zones"... oxygen plummets(暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught.可知,"死亡地带"的氧气大幅下跌,导致许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时,它们的栖息地变小,使它们更容易被攻击或捕获。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段中的The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects...taxis and everything else.可知,是人类活动造成了海洋氧气减少,所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动。故选B。
D
答案：1-4.BCBA
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马孙热带雨林处境危险及巴西政府和许多人为修复雨林做的一些工作。
1.词义猜测题。画线词前的These flames have lasted several weeks(这些大火已经持续了几周了)说明火势的凶险,分析句子可知,画线词是来形容这些大火的。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句However, most of the fires this year are believed to be caused by farmers, who use fire as a traditional part of tropical agriculture(农业) to clean land, reported CNN.可知,亚马孙热带雨林的大火与农业活动有关。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第七段Brazilian climate expert Carlos Nobre told Reuters he was worried. If more than 20 percent of the ecosystem is destroyed, the Amazon rainforest could reach a 'tipping point(临界点)', where the thick jungle will turn into a tropical savannah(大草原).可知,Nobre担心亚马孙热带雨林会消失。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段前两句The Brazilian government has sent soldiers to fight the fires. Many people have offered their support and called for recovery efforts.以及最后段 The public are also encouraged to...可知,社会各界都做出努力来拯救亚马孙热带雨林。故选A。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ DGEBC
解析：①根据下文"And about 40% of fish species are in fresh water.(大约40%的鱼类生活在淡水中。)"以及本段小标题"Where fish live(鱼生活在哪里）"可知，大多数鱼是生活在咸水中的。D选项"Most of the world's fish live in salt water.(世界上大多数的鱼生活在咸水中。）"符合语境。故选D。
②根据上文"Fish have organs that tell them what is happening in the water around them.(鱼的器官告诉它们周围的水里发生了什么。）"可知，本段内容与鱼的感官有关。G选项"Fish can also feel water movements, thus feeling the dangers that approach them.(鱼也能感觉到水的运动，从而感觉到接近它们的危险。）"符合语境。故选G。
③根据上文"Fish are cold-blooded.（鱼是冷血动物。）"可知，空处与鱼的体温有关。E选项"Their body temperature changes with their surroundings.(它们的体温随着周围环境的变化而变化。）"符合语境。故选E。
④根据下文"Millions of people all over the world depend on fish as a main form of nutrition.(全世界有数百万人以鱼为主要营养来源。）"可知，本段是讲述鱼的重要性。B选项"The importance of fish(鱼的重要性）"适合作为本段小标题。故选B。
⑤根据下文"They eat other sea animals and are eaten by other sea creatures, thus keeping up the balance of nature.(它们吃其他海洋动物，也被其他海洋生物吃，从而保持了自然界的平衡。）"可知，鱼是食物链的一部分。C 选项"Fish are a part of the food chain.(鱼是食物链的一部分。）"符合语境。故选C。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 ABACD 6-10 CACBB 11-15 DBCCD
解析：1.考查动词。由上文"she jumped into her Honda Odyssey"可知, 她是开车的。故选A。
2.考查动词。根据"to move backward some 100 feet"可知,她是被迫后退的。故选B。
3.查动词。句意:她坐在一辆小型货车里,身上有瘀伤,但基本上是被冲击的影响和安全气囊搞得晕了过去。根据"knocked out" 可知,她当时是坐着车里的。故选A。
4.考查名词。根据"the airbags"可知,这是被撞击造成的影响。故选C。
5.考查名词。根据下文"He'd just closed his book and was getting under the covers"可知,此时他准备上床睡觉。故选D。
6.考查名词。根据下文"Any firefighter would have done what I did,' he told Newsday"可知,他是一名志愿消防员。故选C。
7.考查动词。根据下文"He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas(睡衣),ran out the door"这一系列动作可知,他听到声音后没有停下来思考就出去了。故选A。
8.考查动词。根据上文"Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito's minivan"可知,这是撞击了埃斯波西托的那辆车。故选C。
9.考查动词。根据他的动作"concluded"和"looked around"可知, 此处表示他发现了埃斯波西托的小货车停在了铁轨上。故选B。
10.考查副词。根据"her eyes unfocused"可知,她当时不清醒,所以只能看着迪平托而没有其他反应。故选B。
11.考查名词。根据上文"Esposito's minivan positioned on the railroad tracks"可知,此处表示在铁轨上。railroad tracks铁轨。故选D。
12.考查形容词。根据"but the door was crashed in"可知,此处表示门被卡住了。故选B。
13.考查动词。根据上文"but the door was crashed in and jammed"可知,此处表示"困住"之意。故选C。
14.考查名词。根据常识和"behind a signal box a few feet away"可知,此处表示"安全地带"。故选C。
15.考查名词。根据"arrived in pajamas"可知,此处指的是迪平托,他在危急时刻救了埃斯波西托,是一个英雄。故选D。
第二节
答案：locations; of/ on; possibility; what; to find; which; actually; it; loss; and
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球变暖除了影响气候,还会影响我们食物的数量、质量以及生长位置。
①考查名词复数。此处表示"食物的生长位置"location为可数名词,且空前无冠词,因此用其复数形式。故填locations。
②考查介词。句意:许多食物已经在世界"濒危食物"名单中占据了最高的位置……。根据句意可知此处表示的是"在世界‘濒危食物'名单中的最高位置"。故填of或on。
③考查名词。句意:……因为它们在未来30年内变得稀少的可能性。根据句意及空前形容词性物主代词their的提示可知此处用名词。故填possibility。
④考查宾语从句。句意从许多人生活中的必需品开始……。分析句子可知空格处引导宾语从句,从句中缺主语,结合句意可知应该用what。故填what。
⑤考查非谓语动词。此处 be disappointed to do sth.意为"做某事感到失望",为固定搭配。故填to find。
⑥考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,指代气温升高和降雨模式异常的情况,并在从句中作主语。故填which。
⑦考查副词。句意:可可树实际上更喜欢更温暖的气候,只要这种温暖伴随着充足的雨水。空格处修饰动词prefer应用副词。故填actually。
⑧考查代词。分析句子可知空格处在句中作形式主语, that引导的从句是真正的主语。故填it。
⑨考查名词。句意:然而,由于更高的温度从土壤和植物中吸收更多的水分,降雨量不太可能增加到足以弥补这损失。空格处前有this,故要填名词。故填loss。
⑩考查连词。句意:最后,在海洋世界,随着气温上升海洋和水道吸收了一些热量,并经历了自身的变暖。空格处连接两个并列的动词 absorb和 undergo,所以填and。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear David,
I'm glad that you're interested in the 10,000-metre relay race held in our school recently.
As part of the Sports Festival of our school, the race took place on our school playground last Friday afternoon. It was widely welcomed by all the classes. Ten best runners from each class took part in the final race and all of them tried their best to win, with the other classmates cheering them on. The race turned out to be a great success. Not only does it build up our body but it also strengthens our teamwork and cooperation.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
As more and more people ran out of the zoo, Mary began to think where John could be. With a mixture of fear and anxiety, Mary left the restaurant to search for her partner. As she looked around the zoo grounds, it occurred to her that John had told her that chimpanzees were his favourite animals. John wouldn't have left the restaurant to release the chimpanzees, would he Oh no! Mary was sure she knew where John had gone.
As Mary raced up the path to the animal exhibits, she stopped because she saw John with two chimpanzees held in his arms. He offered a small, guilty smile. "I didn't mean to let them escape," he said. "I just wanted to set them free so that they could play outside for a little while!" he continued with excitement. "I took the key from a zookeeper who wasn't looking. But then, the exhibit lock broke and..." Behind Mary, Mrs Brown had begun to walk up the path and saw John holding the animals. It was clear from her serious expression that he was in big trouble.
2