初中英语 宾语从句讲解+专练

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
宾语从句讲解
一、定义
　　宾语从句就是一个句子的宾语部分是由另一个句子来充当。宾语从句需要用引导词来引导。学好宾语从句，必须过“三关”。即引导词关、语序关、时态关。
　二、引导词关
　　引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类，即:
　　1)。That在从句中不充当任何成分，也无实义，只是起到连接的作用。
　　通常在say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后加that，引导宾语从句。连词that在口语中常被省略。
　　如：He said that he was a student.
　　I thought that he was wrong.
　　☆注意：A) 引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略。
　　(1)and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外,后面从句中的 that不能省略。
　　如：I know (that) he is a good student and that he likes basketball.
　　(2)、that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。
　　如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
　　(3)、主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。
　　如：We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.
　　B) 常这样用的动词有find,feel,consider,make,believe 等。
　　如：He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.
　　C) think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy,guess等表示主观看法或认识的动词,.
　　如：I don’t think he will come to my party.(而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.) I don’t believe that he is a good student, is he 我认为他不是个好学生，不是吗 I don’t think you are right.
　　I don’t believe that they have finished their work.
　　比较：she believes that I am not a good student.
　　2)常可以互换。
　　如：I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow.
　　注意：在以下情况中，只能用whether。
　　A) 在动词不定式之前只能用whether
　　如：I can’t decide whether to stay.
　　B) 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中，只能用whether。
　　如：I want to know whether she is a student or not.
　　C) 在介词后，只能用whether。
　　如：His father is worried about whether he has lost his work .
　　3 A) 疑问代词包括what,who, whom, which,whose, whoever, whatever, whichever等.。 如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for
　　I don't know what they want.
　　John told me which girl he liked most..
　　I want to know whose father that old man is.
　　I will give you whatever you want.
　　You can meet whoever you want to see.
　　You can choose whichever you like.
　　B) 疑问副词包括when, where, how, why, whenever,wherever,however等。
　　如： Could you tell me how we can get to the station
　　He told me when we should go to the airport.
　　I told him where he should go.
　　I don't know why he is so angry.
　　You can come whenever you are free.
　　You can go wherever you like.
　　4)另外：宾语从句可做动词宾语,介词宾语,及某些形容词甚至是副词的宾语. 例如：
　　1、He said that he was a student.(that从句是said的宾语)
　　2、宾语从句作介词的宾语，常常有两种情况：
　　A) wh-类的介词宾语从句
　　如：We are talking about where we should go.(疑问代词where从句作介词about的宾语) The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.(疑问代词what引导的宾语从句时介词with的宾语)
　　B)用that,whether引导的介词宾语从句
　　如：except,but,besides三个介词后常常可以见到that引导的宾语从句。 We are talking about whether we should go camping.
　　3、常常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised。That常常可以省略。
　　如：I am sure (that) I will pass the exam.
　　Mary was pleased (that) she had passed the final exam.. (that引导的宾语从句是形容词pleased的宾语)
　　4、I will find out where he has gone(where引导的宾语从句作副词out的宾语).
　　 三、语序关
　　如：1、Tom said. +He is reading a book.
　　→ Tom said that he was reading a book.
　　2、He asks me. +Are they playing a game
　　→ He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.(宾语从句，陈述语序)
　　3、Where is the hospital He told me.
　　→ He told me Where the Hospital was.
　　4、I don't know who he is
　 　四、时态关
　　宾语从句的时态。
　　宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：
　　1
　　如： I think he is a clever boy.
　　I think he has gone to Beijing.
　　I think he bought the book yesterday.
　　则从句要用过去完成时态。
　　如：he said he was reading.
　　He said he would go to Beijing tomorrow.
　　He forgot whether he had locked the door.
　　对比理解下列几组句子：
　　例:1)She says that she is a student.
　　She said that she was a student.
　　2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
　　She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
　　3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
　　She said that she had finished her homework already.
　　4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
　　She said that she could sing a song in English.
　　3、当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是 什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
　　例： He told me that Japan is an island country.(客观事实)
初中英语 宾语从句专练
基础巩固
1.—Do you know ______ the Capital Museum — Next Friday.
A when will they visit B.when they will visit
C when did they visit D.when they visited
2.He wanted to know _______ the English party.
A when will we have B.when we will have
C.when would we have D.when we would have
3．I want to know ________．
A.when we should arrive at the airport
B.when should we arrive at the airport
C.when the airport we should arrive at
when the airport should we arrive at
4.—David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ______ —He is a doctor.
A.Who is he B.who he is
C.what is he D.what he is
5. I don’t know when _____.
A.will the train leave　 B.the train will leave
C.would the train leave D.the train leave
6. Do you know what _____ with Jim
A. is wrong　 B. wrong is C. wrong was D. the matter is
7.－I want to know _____.－Why not go to the park
A. where I can go for a picnic B. where can I go for a picnic
what I can go for a picnic　 D. what can I go for a picnic
8. I don’t think he is right, ______
A. do I B. isn’t he　 C. is he D. don’t I
9. The teacher didn’t say you would come, _____
A. would you B. wouldn’t you　 C. did she　 D. didn’t you
10.Do you know______ daughter she is
A. whose B. whom C. what D. who
11.They wondered if the teacher ______them some English songs the next week.
A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught
12. He asked me if I knew______.
A.whose pen was it B.whose pen it was
C.whose pen it is D.whose pen is it
13. He told me ______ Paris is the capital of France.
A. which B. the C. that D. what
14.He asked me ______ during the summer holiday.
A. where I had gone B. where I had been
C. where had I gone D. where had I been
15.I'm not sure whether ______ tomorrow.
A. they will arrive B. will they arrive
C. they arrive D. they have arrived
能力提升
I.1. —Do you know _________ the meeting —Tomorrow morning.
A.when they had
B.when they are going to have
C.when did they have
D.when are they going to have
2. —Mr. Green, do you know_______ —July 10, it will last a month.
A.when our summer camp begins
B.when does our summer camp begin
C.where our summer camp begins
D.where does our summer camp begin
3. I didn’t know ______.
A.when would the train arrive B.where could I get the book
C.what has been done D.who left the message
4. — Could you tell me _________ — Certainly. In half an hour.
A. when will the high speed train arrive
B. when the high speed train will arrive
C. when would the high speed train arrive
D. when the high speed train would arrive
5. —Excuse me, could you tell me ______ to get to the post office
—Certainly. The No. 15 bus.
which bus I should take B. I should take which bus
should I take which bus D. which bus should I take
6.I think _____ not difficult _____ English every morning．
that; keep reading B．it’s; keep reading
that; to keep reading D．it's; to keep reading
7. Do you know _________ Zunyi or not tomorrow
whether are they leaving for B. whether they are leaving for
if they are leaving for D. if are they leaving for
8. The policewoman asked the little boy ______.
where did he live B．where he lived
where he lives D．where does he lives
9. — Show me the map, please. I wonder ____________.
— Look, it's here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province.
where is Diaoyu Island B.where Diaoyu Island is
what is Diaoyu Island like D.what Diaoyu Island is like
10. — Could you tell me_____ he came here
—He drove here himself.
how B. why C. when D. whether
根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。
1.我不知道为什么她如此着迷Apple iphone4s。
I don’t know_______she is so ______about Apple iphone4s.
2.我们给了她一些建议，但不知道她是否会接受。
We’ve given her some advice, but I don’t know______she will ______it.
3.作为社会的一员，我们应该尽最大努力做我们应该做的。
As society members, we should try our best to do_______ we should do.
4. ——请你告诉我怎么到中山公园好吗？
——好的。你可以坐公交车去那。
—Could you tell me___________get to Zhongshan park
—Yes, you can go there by bus.
5. ——汤姆在纽约呢还是已经回家了？
——对不起，我不确信是否他已经回来。
—Is Tom still in New York or already back at home
—Sorry，I’m not sure if he ____________back.
参考答案
基础巩固
B。句意：——你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗 ——下周五。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故排除A、C两项；又由答句可知应该用将来时，故排除D项。
2. D。句意：他想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。本题考查宾语从句的用法。当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态，而A、B两项都是一般将来时，故被排除；宾语从句用陈述句语序，而C项是疑问语序，也被排除。
3. A。句意：我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。本题考查宾语从句。动词know后面接的是宾语从句，由宾语从句要用陈述语序可排除B和D两项；又因为C项中the airport的位置不对，故选A。
4. D。 句意：——David，看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗 ——他是医生。本题考查宾语从句。由答句可知询问的是职业，所以用疑问词what；又因为宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故选D。
5.B。本题是考查宾语从句的语序和时态的用法。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据说话人的意思可以判断是一般将来时。所以选择B。
6.A。本题是考查宾语从句的语序用法。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，what在宾语从句作主语，所以what is wrong是陈述语序。同样如果D改成is the matter也是正确的。
7.A。本题是考查宾语从句的语序用法，特殊疑问词where引导的宾语从句用陈述语序。从对话的答语可以判断特殊疑问词where引导宾语从句。
8.C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法。主句是I think和后面的宾语从句构成复合句，其反意疑问句的主语、谓语和宾语从句保持一致，前面的句子是否定句，所以附加疑问句用肯定形式。
9.C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法。复合句的反意疑问句的主语、谓语和主句保持一致，这里主句是The teacher didn’t say，而且是否定句，所以附加疑问句用肯定形式。
10. A。句意为“你知道她是谁的女儿吗？”可知应该用whose。
11. A。从句的时态原本应该用一般将来时（因为时间状语是next week），但是由于主句的时态是一般过去时，因此从句的时态应该改为过去将来时，即would +动词原形。
12. B。首先通过从句应该是陈述句语序这一点来排除A和D，然后由于主句的时态是过去时，因此从句也要用过去的时态，故选B。
13. C。本题考查宾语从句的引导词that，可以省略，在从句中不作任何成分。
14. B。首先，从句应该用陈述句语序，因此只能考虑A或B。然后根据题目的意思，他问我去了哪里，证明我已经回来的，问的是曾经去了哪里，因此用been to。
15. A。该题中的A, C, D都是陈述句语序，都可以考虑；但是只有A符合从句时态的要求，故选A。
能力提升
1. B。句意：—你知道他们什么时候开会吗？—明天上午。本题考查宾语从句。tomorrow morning为一般将来时的标志词，故可排除A、C两项。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，排除D项。故选B。
2. A。句意：—格林先生，你知道我们的夏令营什么时候开始吗？—7月10号，它将持续一个月。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知疑问词应为when，无论主语是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序，故选A。
3. D。句意：我不知道是谁留下的信息。本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句应该使用陈述句语序，而A、B两个选项都是疑问句语序，故排除；C选项时态不对，主句是过去时，从句也应用相应的过去时，故选D。
4. B。由when引导的宾语从句，要用陈述语序，所以排除A和C,主句时态是表示委婉语气的一般现在时，根据句意，选择B。
5. A。考查特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，要用陈述语序，根据句意，选择A。
6. D。这里的it作形式宾语，动词不定式to keep reading English作真正的宾语。
7. B。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，所以排除A、D选项；if不能与or not连用故选B答案。
8. B。考查where引导的宾语从句，用陈述句语序，由asked可知从句用相应的过去时，所以选B。
9. B。考查where引导的宾语从句，要用陈述语序。根据句意可知选B。
10. A。由答语可知，问他来这的方式，所以引导词选how。
II.根据汉语提示，用宾语从句补全下列句子。1. why,crazy 2. whether,accept3. what4. how I can5. been back
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