中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【语法知识】
1.祈使句
定义： 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。当主语是第二人称you时，you通常被省略。这种祈使句一般以动词原形开头。在祈使句的句首或句尾加please，可以使祈使句的语气更委婉。注意：在句尾加please时，要在please前加逗号。
Please speak loudly.＝Speak loudly，please.请大声讲话。
一、结构：
肯定结构：
1. Do型: 行为动词原形＋其他成分 Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
2. Be型: Be＋表语 Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型: Let＋sb＋动词原形＋其他成分 Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
否定结构：
1.Do型和Be型
否定式:在句首加don't构成。Don't for school! 上学不要迟到！
2.Let型的否定式有两种：“Don't let sb do sth./ “Let sb not do sth
Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3.有些可用no,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No fishing! 禁止钓鱼 No parking! 禁止停车
二、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保 持一致。
— Please check your answer！---Yes， I will.
2.可数名词与不可数名词
普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一、可数名词
定义：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
【注意】：可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 可数名词的复数形式”来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；two bags of watermelons两袋西瓜
① 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个:a banana
② 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式:
其复数形式在词尾加-s/es(特殊情况除外) two bananas
名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
(一) 规则变化： 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es bus → buses glass → glasses box → boxes watch → watches 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es city → cities body → bodies factory → factories 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为veshalf → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives5.以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es，没生命的加s tomato — tomatoes potato— potatoes photo — photos radio--radios
【记】 以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es：黑人(Negro → Negroes) 英雄 (hero →heroes )
爱吃土豆(Potato → potatoes) 和西红柿 (tomato →tomatoes)
(二) 不规则变化
【单复数同形】： 1.sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形
2. people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；
【单复数不同形】：1. child → children
2. man → men woman → women policeman → policemen
3. foot → feet tooth → teeth
二、不可数名词：
(一) 定义：不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。
注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词 ＋ 计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 不可数名词”结构。如：a cup of milk一杯牛奶
(二)、 不可数名词的用法：
1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a/an连用；
2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
The food (be) very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
3.不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式：
(1)用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少
I don’t want any advice, I want some information
(2) 用a piece of 这类短语：
a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea 如果要表示“两杯茶” “三杯水”等概念时，在容器后加复数，如： 三杯茶
注意：some，any，a lot of，lots of等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
3.how many与how much
1.how many意为“多少”，后接可数名词复数，可数名词的量可以用how many提问。eg：
—How many sisters do you have？你有多少个姐妹？ —Three.三个
2.How much 意为“多少”，后接不可数名词，不可数名词的量可以用how much提问；还可以用作“多少钱”，常用来提问价格。
—How much water do we need？我们需要多少水？ —Two bottles 两瓶。
How much are your shoes？你的鞋子多少钱？
【语法专项练习】
【练习一：祈使句和how many/how much】
一、用how many或how much填空。
1． vegetable soup would you like
2． cups of yogurt do we need
3． milk do you need to make a banana milk shake
4． are the new clothes on the bed
5． eggs did you have for breakfast
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1． (keep) quiet in the library.
2．Don't (swim) in the river，please.
3．Please don't (be) late for school next time.
4．How much (coffee) is there in the cup
5．How many (watermelon) did you buy yesterday
三、按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1．You must listen to the teacher carefully. (改为祈使句)
the teacher carefully，please.
2．You can't pour the water into the pot. (改为祈使句)
the water into the pot.
3．I have two brothers. (对画线部分提问)
brothers do you have
4．Can you help me turn on the blender？(改为祈使句)
turn on the blender，please.
5．They drank four bowls of water.(对画线部分提问)
bowls of water they ？
6．We need to cook the noodles for__five__minutes．(对画线部分提问)
do you need to cook the noodles
7．请看第二幅图。 the second picture，please.
8．凯特，请不要打开搅拌机。
Kate，please the blender.
9．我们一起做香蕉奶昔吧。 banana milk shake together.
四、单项选择
1．—How ______yogurt would you like to make a salad ---–Only one teaspoon.
A．many B．few C．much D．often
2．“ exercise every day, my son. It’s good for your health. ”Dad often said to him.
A．Takes B．Taking C．Take D．To take
3．Don't ____ the milk into the cup. It's full (满的).
A．peel B．pour C．leave D．drink
4．—Let’s make tomato and beef noodles.— .
A．Sounds good B．You’re welcome C．That’s right D．Don’t worry
5.________your books and look at the blackboard.
A. Closes B. Close C. Closing D. To close
6.-Tom, ____ late for school again. -Sorry, I won’t.
A. isn’t B. doesn’t be C. don’t be D. not be
7. Boys and girls, _____up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp.
A. putting B. to put C. put
8.“________ exercise every day, my child. It’ s good for your health.”Father said.
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Takes
9. ---“Sorry for being late again. ----“ here on time next time， or you’ll be punished. ”
A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been
10. Students! _______ talk loudly. The baby is sleeping right now.
A. Do B. Does C. Don’t D. Doesn't
11. ______sleep too late. It’ S bad for your health.
A. Do B. Not C. Don’t D. Please not
12.________him the news.
A．Don't tell B．Not to tell C．Not telling D．Not tell
【练习二：可数、不可数名词】
一、根据所给汉语翻译下列词组。
1．两汤匙蜂蜜 ____________________ 2．两杯酸奶 ____________________
3．九片面包 ____________________ 4．十二个孩子 ____________________
5．十五只绵羊 ____________________ 6. 许多警察
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．You should not eat too much ________(meat)．
2．They visited two big ________(factory) last month.
3．There ________(be) some bread on the table. You can have some.
4．Would you like to buy some ________(salt), Mrs. Smith
5．Both his uncle and his aunt are famous ________(scientist)．
6．These________(tomato)are red.
7．Let her________(peel)the apples.
8．How much________(bread)does he need
9．Just________(eat)it，please.
三、单项选择
1．Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy .
A．food B．water C．pear D．carrot
2．—There_______some bread on the plate. You can eat it for breakfast.—OK, I will.
A．are B．is C．was D．were
3．There’s ________fruit in the refrigerator. Go and buy some.
A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
4．You should put _____and a cup of yogurt into the blender.
A．two teaspoon of sugar B．a teaspoon of sugar
C．two teaspoons of sugars D．a teaspoon of sugars
5．— May I have ______ piece of bread with butter, I’m not full.— Certainly. Here you are.
A．other B．the other C．another D．the others
6．They put ________ sugar in the coffee.
A．a few B．any C．some D．many
7．There are ________tomatoes for you to eat.
A．a little B．many C．lot of D．much
8. I'd like to have a glass of milk and________.
A．two breads B．two pieces of breads C．two pieces of bread D．two piece of bread
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【语法知识】
1.祈使句
定义： 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。当主语是第二人称you时，you通常被省略。这种祈使句一般以动词原形开头。在祈使句的句首或句尾加please，可以使祈使句的语气更委婉。注意：在句尾加please时，要在please前加逗号。
Please speak loudly.＝Speak loudly，please.请大声讲话。
一、结构：
肯定结构：
1. Do型: 行为动词原形＋其他成分 Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
2. Be型: Be＋表语 Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型: Let＋sb＋动词原形＋其他成分 Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
否定结构：
1.Do型和Be型
否定式:在句首加don't构成。Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到！
2.Let型的否定式有两种：“Don't let sb do sth./ “Let sb not do sth
Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3.有些可用no,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No fishing! 禁止钓鱼 No parking! 禁止停车
二、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保 持一致。
— Please check your answer！---Yes， I will.
2.可数名词与不可数名词
普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一、可数名词
定义：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
【注意】：可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 可数名词的复数形式”来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；two bags of watermelons两袋西瓜
① 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个:a banana
② 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式:
其复数形式在词尾加-s/es(特殊情况除外) two bananas
名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
(一) 规则变化： 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es bus → buses glass → glasses box → boxes watch → watches 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es city → cities body → bodies factory → factories 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为veshalf → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives5.以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es，没生命的加s tomato — tomatoes potato— potatoes photo — photos radio--radios
【记】 以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es：黑人(Negro → Negroes) 英雄 (hero →heroes )
爱吃土豆(Potato → potatoes) 和西红柿 (tomato →tomatoes)
(二) 不规则变化
【单复数同形】： 1.sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形
2. people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；
【单复数不同形】：1. child → children
2. man → men woman → women policeman → policemen
3. foot → feet tooth → teeth
二、不可数名词：
(一) 定义：不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。
注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词 ＋ 计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 不可数名词”结构。如：a cup of milk一杯牛奶
(二)、 不可数名词的用法：
1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a/an连用；
2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
The food is (be) very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
3.不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式：
(1)用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少
I don’t want any advice, I want some information
(2) 用a piece of 这类短语：
a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea 如果要表示“两杯茶” “三杯水”等概念时，在容器后加复数，如： three cups of tea 三杯茶
注意：some，any，a lot of，lots of等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
3.how many与how much
1.how many意为“多少”，后接可数名词复数，可数名词的量可以用how many提问。eg：
—How many sisters do you have？你有多少个姐妹？ —Three.三个
2.How much 意为“多少”，后接不可数名词，不可数名词的量可以用how much提问；还可以用作“多少钱”，常用来提问价格。
—How much water do we need？我们需要多少水？ —Two bottles 两瓶。
How much are your shoes？你的鞋子多少钱？
【语法专项练习】
【练习一：祈使句和how many/how much】
一、用how many或how much填空。
1． How much vegetable soup would you like
2． How many cups of yogurt do we need
3． How much milk do you need to make a banana milk shake
4． How much are the new clothes on the bed
5． How many eggs did you have for breakfast
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1． Keep (keep) quiet in the library.
2．Don't swim (swim) in the river，please.
3．Please don't be (be) late for school next time.
4．How much coffee (coffee) is there in the cup
5．How many watermelons (watermelon) did you buy yesterday
三、按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1．You must listen to the teacher carefully. (改为祈使句)
Listen to the teacher carefully，please.
2．You can't pour the water into the pot. (改为祈使句)
Don't pour the water into the pot.
3．I have two brothers. (对画线部分提问)
How many brothers do you have
4．Can you help me turn on the blender？(改为祈使句)
Help me turn on the blender，please.
5．They drank four bowls of water.(对画线部分提问)
How many bowls of water did they drink ？
6．We need to cook the noodles for__five__minutes．(对画线部分提问)
How long do you need to cook the noodles
7．请看第二幅图。 Look at the second picture，please.
8．凯特，请不要打开搅拌机。
Kate，please don't turn on the blender.
9．我们一起做香蕉奶昔吧。 Let's make banana milk shake together.
四、单项选择
1．—How ______yogurt would you like to make a salad ---–Only one teaspoon.
A．many B．few C．much D．often
2．“ exercise every day, my son. It’s good for your health. ”Dad often said to him.
A．Takes B．Taking C．Take D．To take
3．Don't ____ the milk into the cup. It's full (满的).
A．peel B．pour C．leave D．drink
4．—Let’s make tomato and beef noodles.— .
A．Sounds good B．You’re welcome C．That’s right D．Don’t worry
5.________your books and look at the blackboard.
A. Closes B. Close C. Closing D. To close
6.-Tom, ____ late for school again. -Sorry, I won’t.
A. isn’t B. doesn’t be C. don’t be D. not be
7. Boys and girls, _____up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp.
A. putting B. to put C. put
8.“________ exercise every day, my child. It’ s good for your health.”Father said.
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Takes
9. ---“Sorry for being late again. ----“ here on time next time， or you’ll be punished. ”
A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been
10. Students! _______ talk loudly. The baby is sleeping right now.
A. Do B. Does C. Don’t D. Doesn't
11. ______sleep too late. It’ S bad for your health.
A. Do B. Not C. Don’t D. Please not
12.________him the news.
A．Don't tell B．Not to tell C．Not telling D．Not tell
1-5：CCBAB 6-10：C CCA C 11-12：CA
【练习二：可数、不可数名词】
一、根据所给汉语翻译下列词组。
1．两汤匙蜂蜜 __ two spoons of honey____ 2．两杯酸奶 ___ two cups of yogurt _
3．九片面包___nine pieces of bread_____ 4．十二个孩子 __ twelve children/kids
5．十五只绵羊 _____fifteen sheep ___ 6. 许多警察 many policemen
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．You should not eat too much ___meat_____(meat)．
2．They visited two big ___factories_____(factory) last month.
3．There ___is_____(be) some bread on the table. You can have some.
4．Would you like to buy some __salt______(salt), Mrs. Smith
5．Both his uncle and his aunt are famous ___scientists_____(scientist)．
6．These____tomatoes ____(tomato)are red.
7．Let her___peel_____(peel)the apples.
8．How much____bread____(bread)does he need
9．Just___eat_____(eat)it，please.
三、单项选择
1．Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy .
A．food B．water C．pear D．carrot
2．—There_______some bread on the plate. You can eat it for breakfast.—OK, I will.
A．are B．is C．was D．were
3．There’s ________fruit in the refrigerator. Go and buy some.
A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
4．You should put _____and a cup of yogurt into the blender.
A．two teaspoon of sugar B．a teaspoon of sugar
C．two teaspoons of sugars D．a teaspoon of sugars
5．— May I have ______ piece of bread with butter, I’m not full.— Certainly. Here you are.
A．other B．the other C．another D．the others
6．They put ________ sugar in the coffee.
A．a few B．any C．some D．many
7．There are ________tomatoes for you to eat.
A．a little B．many C．lot of D．much
8. I'd like to have a glass of milk and________.
A．two breads B．two pieces of breads C．two pieces of bread D．two piece of bread
1-5：ABABC 6-8：CBC
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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