中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show
【语法知识】
动词不定式
动词不定式由＂to ＋ 动词原形＂构成，有时可以省略to。动词不定式在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等。动词不定式在句子中不作谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。
用法：
①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。
②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。
③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。
④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。
⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。
1. 动词不定式构成（肯定）
基本形式：to+动词原形，有时不可用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有词义。例如：
My mother asked me to learn English well.我妈妈让我学好英语。
2. 动词不定式的构成（否定）
基本形式：not+(to)+动词原形。例如：He decided not to go home.他决定不回家。
(一)不定式的具体用法：
考点 1 作宾语 在offer，plan，hope，decide，learn， wish，want，agree，refuse，begin， start，forget，remember等动词之后作宾语。 I want to see a film tomorrow evening. 我想明天晚上去看一部电影。
在know，decide，remember等动词之后可用＂疑问词＋动词不定式＂作宾语。 I don’t want to stay at home, but I don’t know where to go. 我不想待在家里，但是我不知道去哪里。
考点 2 作宾语 补足语 在teach，ask，allow，invite，advise等动词之后用不定式作宾补。 My parents allow me to play computer games at weekends. 我父母允许我周末玩电脑游戏。
在let，make和have之后用省略to的不定式作宾补。 My mother often makes me clean the windows. 我妈妈常常让我擦窗户。
考点 3 作状语 动词不定式表示目的。 They are working hard to save the injured tiger. 他们正在努力营救那只受伤的老虎。
考点4 作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。 She was the first person to think of the idea. 她是第一个想出这个主意的人。
考点5 作主语 不定式直接作主语 To say is easy, but to do is not easy. 说起来容易，做起来难。
It作形式主语，不定式(短语)作真正的主语 It is difficult (for me) to learn maths well. (对我来说)学好数学很难。
(二)不定式--to do：
1. 固定短语：
agree (同意)； offer (提出)； plan (计划)； ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)；decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope， want，expect (希望，想要)；fail(不能；忘记)； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)；learn (学会)
2.不定式后接特殊疑问词的用法
不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如：
I don't know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
Can you tell me how to make a paper boat？ 你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗？
I don't know which topic to choose. 我不知道选哪个题目。
Where to stay for the night is a problem. 晚上在哪儿过夜还是个问题。
(三)不带to的不定式的使用
1. 在情态动词can／could，may／might，will／would，shall／should，must，need，dare后：情态动词后用不带to的不定式，即情态动词后接动词原形。例如：
You must study hard. 你必须好好学习。
We need to stay at home this morning. （作实义动词）我们今天上午要待在家里。
2. 在情态词组后：在would rather/ cannot but/ cannot help but/had better，等情态词组之后，跟不带to不定式。 例如：
I would rather not know you.我宁愿不认识你。
I cannot but agree to your decision.我不得不同意你的决定。
3. 在其他词组后：had better/rather than/sooner than/why/why not ……例如：
You had better bring an umbrella with you when you go out. 你出门最好带一把伞。
Why not go shopping now 为什么现在不去购物呢？
4. 在“使役动词+宾语”后：在make, let, have等使役动词加宾语后，用不带to不定式。但是在变成被动语态时，to要还原，不可以省略。例如：
Let's play basketball together. 让我们一起打篮球吧。
She always makes me laugh.她总是让我发笑。
5.在“感官动词+宾语”后：在“see，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe”等感官动词加宾语后，用不带to不定式。-ing形式也可以作宾补,但两者有区别。不定式表示动作全过程，动作完成了；而-ing形式强调动作正在进行或延续，是全过程的一部分。但是在变成被动语态时，to要还原，不可以省略。例如：
I heard someone sing last night. 我昨晚听到有人唱歌。
I saw him sitting under the tree when I went by.我经过时看见他坐在树下。
6. 在介词“except和but”后：在except和but之前有“do”的某种形式，其后不定式不带to。例如：
They did nothing except wait. 除了等待，他们什么也没做。
He did nothing but write a letter.他只写了一封信。
在help后。例如：Can you help me solve this problem 你能帮我解决这个问题吗
8.紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。
Why stand up if you can sit down
Why not ask your teacher when you don’t understand the meaning
You needn’t decide yet whether to study arts or science.
(四)不定式的重要句型
（1）It’s＋adj.＋for (of)sb. to do sth.
当不定式作主语时，通常用it作为形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式结构后置。例如：
To meet you is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure to meet you.
非常高兴见到你。
To plant trees every year is necessary.= It is necessary to plant trees every year.
每年植树是必要的。
（2）主语＋动词＋too＋形容词／副词＋（for＋sb.）＋to+动词原形
表示“……太……而不能……”。例如：
He walked too slowly to catch up with me.
他走得太慢而不能跟上我。
It is too dark in this room for me to read a book.
房间太暗，使我无法看书。
This problem is too difficult for them to settle.
这对他们来说真是一个难解的问题。
（3）主语＋动词＋……形容词／副词＋enough＋（for sb.）＋to+动词原形
表示“……对某人足以……”。例如：
We need several men strong enough to do the work.
我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。
They bought a house large enough for ten persons to live in.
我们买了一栋房子，大得足以供十个人住。
He is competent enough to fill that position.
他足以胜任那职位。
（4）主语＋动词＋enough＋名词＋to＋动词原形
表示“……对某人足以……”。例如：
He has enough money (=money enough) to buy a car.
他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。
He hasn’t enough sense to realize his mistakes.
他没有足够的辨别力去认识自己的错误。
【动词不定式专项练习】
一．动词不定式名言
（1）To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。动词不定式作
（2）It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。 动词不定式作
（3）Expect to be treated as you have treated others.你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。
不定式作
（4）Adversity causes some men to break，others to break records. 逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。 不定式作
（5）There is a time to talk and a time to act.该说的时候说，该做的时候做。
不定式作
（6）To find the exact answer，one must first ask the exact question.要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。 不定式作
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Do you want (go) with me
2.Remember (say) “Hello” to your parents.
3. I hope (see) you in my birthday party.
4. Do you decide (come) with me
5. We don`t allow anybody ________________(smoke) in this room.
6. Can you _______ (give) me the book,please
7. Do you finish _________(do) your homework
8. She always makes me ________________(wait) for her.
9. Our teacher tell us _______________(not go) out.
10. Let me _______(help) you with your bags.
11. Can you hear somebody______________(climb) the stairs.
12．If you want to be better, you should practise __________ (read)more.
13. Tom often help me_______________(water) the flowers.
14. I am looking forward to____________(meet) you in my school.
15. Would you mind ______________( open) the door
16.Don`t forget _____________( buy) some fruits.
17. I remember ___________(tell) you the news, Why do you ask me again
三、单项选择
1.Don't forget ________ the notebook with you when you go to the lecture.
A. to take B.to carry C.to send D.to bring
2.You'd better ________ her.She is worried about you.
A. not tell B.tell C.to tell D.not to tell
3.The librarian work is ________ the books in the library.
A.takes care of B. take care of C. to take care of D. taking care of
4.Her parents won't let her ________ out with her boyfriend.
A. goes B. to go C. going D. go
5.She is pleased ________ her friend.
A.to meet B.met C.meeting D.meets
6.Mr.Black will agree ________ there with you
A.to go B.went C.will go D.going
7.My mother often tells me ________ in the sun
A. not to read B.don't read C.doesn't read D.not read
8.My wish is ________ a house of my own.
A. to have B.for having C.have D. of having
9.The suspect (嫌疑人)refused ________ the detective's（侦探）questions this morning.
A.answering B. answer C.to answer D.to answering
10.Tim forgot ________ the door when he was out, so it was still open
A.shut B.to shut C.shutting D.shuts
11.The policeman warned（警告） us ________ football in the street.
A.to play B.don't play C.not play D.not to play
12.He had decided ________ it again.
A.written B.writing C.to write D.write
13.He turned on the radio and stopped ________ to the radio
A.listened B.to listen C.listening D.to listening
14.Her job is ________.
A.to keep the school clean B.keep the school clean
C.kept the school clean D.keeps the school clean
15. We all agreed ______ for another day
A. to wait B. waited C. to waiting D. wait
16.I will remember ________ her the letter.
A.give B.gave C.to give D.to giving
四、把下列的结果状语从句改为enough to或too…to的句式。
1. The room is so large that it can hold one hundred people.
_________________________________________________
2. The room is so small that it can’t hold one hundred people.
_________________________________________________
3. The text is so easy that a child can understand it.
__________________________________________________
4. The text is so difficult that a child can’t understand it.
__________________________________________________
5. He is so short that he can't be a good basketball player.
___________________________________________________
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【语法知识】
动词不定式
动词不定式由＂to ＋ 动词原形＂构成，有时可以省略to。动词不定式在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等。动词不定式在句子中不作谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。
用法：
①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。
②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。
③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。
④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。
⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。
1. 动词不定式构成（肯定）
基本形式：to+动词原形，有时不可用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有词义。例如：
My mother asked me to learn English well.我妈妈让我学好英语。
2. 动词不定式的构成（否定）
基本形式：not+(to)+动词原形。例如：He decided not to go home.他决定不回家。
(一)不定式的具体用法：
考点 1 作宾语 在offer，plan，hope，decide，learn， wish，want，agree，refuse，begin， start，forget，remember等动词之后作宾语。 I want to see a film tomorrow evening. 我想明天晚上去看一部电影。
在know，decide，remember等动词之后可用＂疑问词＋动词不定式＂作宾语。 I don’t want to stay at home, but I don’t know where to go. 我不想待在家里，但是我不知道去哪里。
考点 2 作宾语 补足语 在teach，ask，allow，invite，advise等动词之后用不定式作宾补。 My parents allow me to play computer games at weekends. 我父母允许我周末玩电脑游戏。
在let，make和have之后用省略to的不定式作宾补。 My mother often makes me clean the windows. 我妈妈常常让我擦窗户。
考点 3 作状语 动词不定式表示目的。 They are working hard to save the injured tiger. 他们正在努力营救那只受伤的老虎。
考点4 作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。 She was the first person to think of the idea. 她是第一个想出这个主意的人。
考点5 作主语 不定式直接作主语 To say is easy, but to do is not easy. 说起来容易，做起来难。
It作形式主语，不定式(短语)作真正的主语 It is difficult (for me) to learn maths well. (对我来说)学好数学很难。
(二)不定式--to do：
1. 固定短语：
agree (同意)； offer (提出)； plan (计划)； ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)；decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope， want，expect (希望，想要)；fail(不能；忘记)； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)；learn (学会)
2.不定式后接特殊疑问词的用法
不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如：
I don't know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
Can you tell me how to make a paper boat？ 你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗？
I don't know which topic to choose. 我不知道选哪个题目。
Where to stay for the night is a problem. 晚上在哪儿过夜还是个问题。
(三)不带to的不定式的使用
1. 在情态动词can／could，may／might，will／would，shall／should，must，need，dare后：情态动词后用不带to的不定式，即情态动词后接动词原形。例如：
You must study hard. 你必须好好学习。
We need to stay at home this morning. （作实义动词）我们今天上午要待在家里。
2. 在情态词组后：在would rather/ cannot but/ cannot help but/had better，等情态词组之后，跟不带to不定式。 例如：
I would rather not know you.我宁愿不认识你。
I cannot but agree to your decision.我不得不同意你的决定。
3. 在其他词组后：had better/rather than/sooner than/why/why not ……例如：
You had better bring an umbrella with you when you go out. 你出门最好带一把伞。
Why not go shopping now 为什么现在不去购物呢？
4. 在“使役动词+宾语”后：在make, let, have等使役动词加宾语后，用不带to不定式。但是在变成被动语态时，to要还原，不可以省略。例如：
Let's play basketball together. 让我们一起打篮球吧。
She always makes me laugh.她总是让我发笑。
5.在“感官动词+宾语”后：在“see，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe”等感官动词加宾语后，用不带to不定式。-ing形式也可以作宾补,但两者有区别。不定式表示动作全过程，动作完成了；而-ing形式强调动作正在进行或延续，是全过程的一部分。但是在变成被动语态时，to要还原，不可以省略。例如：
I heard someone sing last night. 我昨晚听到有人唱歌。
I saw him sitting under the tree when I went by.我经过时看见他坐在树下。
6. 在介词“except和but”后：在except和but之前有“do”的某种形式，其后不定式不带to。例如：
They did nothing except wait. 除了等待，他们什么也没做。
He did nothing but write a letter.他只写了一封信。
在help后。例如：Can you help me solve this problem 你能帮我解决这个问题吗
8.紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。
Why stand up if you can sit down
Why not ask your teacher when you don’t understand the meaning
You needn’t decide yet whether to study arts or science.
(四)不定式的重要句型
（1）It’s＋adj.＋for (of)sb. to do sth.
当不定式作主语时，通常用it作为形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式结构后置。例如：
To meet you is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure to meet you.
非常高兴见到你。
（2）主语＋动词＋too＋形容词／副词＋（for＋sb.）＋to+动词原形
表示“……太……而不能……”。例如：
He walked too slowly to catch up with me.
他走得太慢而不能跟上我。
（3）主语＋动词＋……形容词／副词＋enough＋（for sb.）＋to+动词原形
表示“……对某人足以……”。例如：
We need several men strong enough to do the work.
我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。
（4）主语＋动词＋enough＋名词＋to＋动词原形
表示“……对某人足以……”。例如：
He has enough money (=money enough) to buy a car.
他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。
【动词不定式专项练习】
一．动词不定式名言【判断下列不定式作何句子成分】
（1）To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。动词不定式作 表语
（2）It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。 动词不定式作 主语
（3）Expect to be treated as you have treated others.你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。
不定式作 宾语
（4）Adversity causes some men to break，others to break records. 逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。 不定式作 宾补
（5）There is a time to talk and a time to act.该说的时候说，该做的时候做。
不定式作 定语
（6）To find the exact answer，one must first ask the exact question.要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。 不定式作 目的状语
二．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Do you want to go _ (go) with me
2.Remember _to say___(say) “Hello” to your parents.
3. I hope __to see___(see) you in my birthday party.
4. Do you decide _to come____ (come) with me
5. We don`t allow anybody __to smoke_______(smoke) in this room.
6. Can you __give__ (give) me the book,please
7. Do you finish __doing____(do) your homework
8. She always makes me __wait___(wait) for her.
9. Our teacher tell us __not to go____(not go) out.
10. Let me ___help___(help) you with your bags.
11. Can you hear somebody___climbing____(climb) the stairs.
12．If you want to be better, you should practise _reading____(read)more.
13. Tom often help me__to water____(water) the flowers.
14. I am looking forward to___meeting___(meet) you in my school.
15. Would you mind __opening____( open) the door
16.Don`t forget __to buy____( buy) some fruits.
17. I remember _to tell____(tell) you the news, Why do you ask me again
三、单项选择
1.Don't forget ____B____ the notebook with you when you go to the lecture.
A. to take B.to carry C.to send D.to bring
2.You'd better ___B_____ her. She is worried about you.
A. not tell B.tell C.to tell D.not to tell
3.The librarian work is ___C_____ the books in the library.
A.takes care of B. take care of C. to take care of D. taking care of
4.Her parents won't let her __D______ out with her boyfriend.
A. goes B. to go C. going D. go
5.She is pleased ___A_____ her friend.
A.to meet B.met C.meeting D.meets
6.Mr.Black will agree __A______ there with you
A.to go B.went C.will go D.going
7.My mother often tells me __A______ in the sun
A. not to read B.don't read C.doesn't read D.not read
8.My wish is ___A_____ a house of my own.
A. to have B.for having C.have D. of having
9.The suspect (嫌疑人)refused ___C_____ the detective's（侦探）questions this morning.
A.answering B. answer C.to answer D.to answering
10.Tim forgot __B______ the door when he was out, so it was still open.
A.shut B.to shut C.shutting D.shuts
11.The policeman warned（警告） us ___D_____ football in the street.
A.to play B.don't play C.not play D.not to play
12.He had decided ___C_____ it again.
A.written B.writing C.to write D.write
13.He turned on the radio and stopped ___B_____ to the radio
A.listened B.to listen C.listening D.to listening
14.Her job is ___A_____.
A.to keep the school clean B.keep the school clean
C.kept the school clean D.keeps the school clean
15. We all agreed __A____ for another day
A. to wait B. waited C. to waiting D. wait
16.I will remember ___C_____ her the letter.
A.give B.gave C.to give D.to giving
四、把下列的结果状语从句改为enough to或too…to的句式。
1. The room is so large that it can hold one hundred people.
______The room is large enough to hold one hundred people._________
2. The room is so small that it can’t hold one hundred people.
__________The room is too small (not large enough) to hold one hundred people.
3. The text is so easy that a child can understand it.
_______The text is easy enough for a child to understand.___
4. The text is so difficult that a child can’t understand it.
______The text is too difficult (not easy enough) for a child to understand._________
5. He is so short that he can't be a good basketball player.
_____He is too short (not tall enough )to be a good basketball player.___
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