Unit 2 Wildlife Protection Reading and Thinking—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第二册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.I want to know when this custom first came into _____(exist).
2.But other marine creatures such as sharks are closer to _____(extinct).
3.On first seeing the city, most visitors are overpowered by the _____ (beautiful) of the noble buildings.
知识点2 形容词的用法
4.To our surprise, the number of people giving concerts online is increasing at an _____(alarm) rate.
5.I think we should also take _____ (effect) measures to make our country more beautiful.
【提升能力】
6.那就是他能很容易适应新环境的原因。
___________________ the new environment easily.
7.等着火车，我和我的姐姐谈论着她的工作。
_______________, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.
8.瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。
Look! The children _______________ by their aunt.
9.为了成功，我们必须要有一个周密的计划。
____________________, we must have a complete and thorough plan.
10.他花了很多时间在阅读上，这就是为什么他在写作比赛中获得了一等奖。
He spent so much time on reading, and _____ _____ _____ he got first prize in the writing competition.
【综合素养】
11.Urban Wildlife
Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.
Cities are built for humans. ①_____ For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plants, we destroy natural habitats, which leads to the imbalance of ecology.
②_____ When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was home to thousands of bats. ③_____ Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors. The bats become an attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Olympic Forest Park in Beijing is a good example. The park used native plants, and created open and natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. ④_____
If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors of the wildlife around us. ⑤_____ Our own future will be endangered too.
A.They are built to protect birds.
B.Our actions sometimes help other species.
C. If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D.They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.
E.Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move more freely.
F.At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.
G.They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.
12. How does an ecosystem(生态系统) work What makes the populations of different species the way they are Why are there so many flies and so few wolves To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species—including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
1. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs
A. The living habits of species in food webs.
B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
2. A strong link is found between two species when a predator ________.
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
3. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
4. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance
A. By getting illegal practices under control.
B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
答案以及解析
1.答案：existence
解析：考查名词。come into existence意为"开始存在;形成"。故填existence。
2.答案：extinction
解析：考查名词。be close to sth.意为"几乎处于某种状态;可能快要做某事",其中to为介词,其后要跟名词。故填extinction。
3.答案：beauty
4.答案：alarming
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰名词rate,应用形容词alarming,意为"惊人的"。句意:令我们吃惊的是,在线开音乐会的人数正以惊人的速度增长。故填alarming。
5.答案：effective
6.答案：That's why he can adapt to
7.答案：Waiting for the train
8.答案：are being watched over
9.答案：In order to succeed
10.答案：this is why
11.答案：DBFEC
解析：①细节句。空前说"Cities are built for humans.",再结合后文"But when we cut grass or plants, we destroy natural habitats"可知,D选项"它们并不总是为野生动物提供合适的栖息地"符合逻辑。故选D。
②主旨句。由后面的"...engineers added small gaps running the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats"可知,我们人类的行为有时是可以帮助到其他物种的。故选B。
③细节句。根据空后句的时间标志词Now可以判断设空处所填句子与后文内容存在时间上的对照关系,At first与后面的Now形成对比。故选F。
④细节句。空前句"In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo."说明此处是要介绍这个公园与动物园的区别,空前句中的opposite与E项中的Instead of 形成意义上的呼应,E项是对前文的进一步说明。故选E。
⑤细节句。上文谈及人类与野生动物共享城市空间的好处,空后句所涉及内容与空前句意思相反,结合空后句的标志词too可知C项符合语境。故选C。
12.答案：1-4 BCDD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs."可知。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段第句"When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked..."可知，当一种掠食动物总是吃掉数量庞大的单一种类的猎物时，这两种动物有较强关联；结合下文可知，有较弱关联的两个物种，掠食动 物有广泛的食物选择、容易找到新的猎物，故排除A、B项。 D项在文中没有提及，也排除。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species—including species they did not directly attack."可知，若一个食物链顶层的掠食动物大规模减少， 其他物种的数量将会经历意想不到的改变。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句"Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem bade from the borderline."可知，预警系统是通过发出需要采取预防行动的信号来帮助我们维护生态平衡。故选D。
2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection Discovering Useful Structures—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第二册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.She is now concentrating on a career as a fashion (design) .
2.Her (emotion) had ranged from anger to guilt in the space of a few seconds.
知识点2 形容词的用法
3.He was an (usual) man with great business talents, so he made a lot of money.
4.He had given his life to save the (Tibet) antelope.
知识点3 副词的用法
5.All expenses are to be (equal) divided between you and I.
【提升能力】
6.在11月11日那天，我最喜欢的那条裙子减价到了200元。
My favourite dress _____ _____ _____ 200 yuan on November 11.
7.这些孩子现在正在被一个慷慨的商人照顾着。
These children _____ _____ _____ _____ by a generous businessman now.
8.由于那场暴风雨，他上班迟到了。
He was late for work _____ _____ that storm.
9.正在采取一些措施来保护野生动物。 (被动语态)
________________ to protect the wild animals.
10.那个小男孩最近进步很快，总是被他的老师们表扬。
The little boy has made rapid progress recently and _____ _____ _____ _____ by his teachers.
【综合素养】
11. When I was in my fourth year of teaching, I was also (and am still) a high school track and field coach(田径教练). One year, I had a student, John, who entered my class when he was a junior. John changed to our school from Greece, and seemed to be interested in sports, so I encouraged him to join our track team. I explained to him that even though he had never taken part in it before, I did believe that he could do well in any event, and I would be willing to coach him at whichever ones interested him. He accepted the offer, and began to work hard at every practice.
About a month later, I had found out from other sources that John was a first-class tennis player, winning various junior awards in his home country. I went to him asking, "John, I really appreciate that you came out for the track team, but why didn't you play tennis instead It seems that would interest you a lot more, since you're so good at it." John answered, "Well, I like tennis, but you told me that you believed in me, and that you thought I could do well in track, so I wanted to try it for that reason."
From then on, I often remember my student's reply. I told it to a friend and she suggested I write it down to share somewhere with more teachers. No matter how critical (不满的) students can be of themselves, I've found that a simple "I trust that you can do it!" Can go a long way!
1.According to Paragraph 1, what does the author seem to think more about
A.John's PE marks B.John's self-confidence
C.John's interest in sports D.John's state of health
2.Why did John take part in the track team
A.He had been an excellent runner.
B.He was encouraged by his teacher.
C.He liked running more than tennis.
D.He had no tennis coach to train him.
3.What's the purpose of this passage
A.to build a close teacher-student relationship
B.to introduce a new way of sports training
C.to explain the value of sports and games
D.to show the importance of encouragement
4.Who is the passage mainly written for
A.teachers B.parents C.students D.players
12. After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegelation(植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone National Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
1.What is the text mainly about
A.Wildlife research in the United States.
B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park.
2.What does the underlined word "displaced" in paragraph 2 mean
A.Tested. B.Separated. C.Forced out. D.Tracked down.
3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about
A.Damage to local ecology. B.A decline in the park's income.
C.Preservation of vegetation. D.An increase in the variety of animals.
4.What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.
答案以及解析
1.答案：designer
2.答案：emotions
3.答案：unusual
4.答案：Tibetan
5.答案：equally
6.答案：was reduced to
7.答案：are being looked after
8.答案：due to
9.答案：Some measures are being taken
10.答案：is always being praised
11.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段"John changed to our school from Greece, and seemed to be interested in sports, so I encouraged him to join our track team."可知,作者看到John似乎对体育感兴趣,因此鼓励他加入田径队。说明作者对John的运动方面的兴趣给予更多的关注。故选C。
2.细节理解题。由第一段最后一句"He accepted the offer, and began to work hard at every practice."可知,John接受了他的老师的鼓励而参加了田径队。故选B。
3.主旨大意题。由最后一段最后一句"I've found that a simple "I trust that you can do it!" can go a long way! "可知,鼓励是非常重要的。故选D。
4.推理判断题。由最后一段"I told it to a friend and she suggested I write it down to share somewhere with more teachers."可知,这篇文章主要是写给老师的。故选A。
12.
1.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文可知, 本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的成效等。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。由第二段第一句话可知, 曾经黄石国家公园里有灰狼, 下文提到后来由于人类的发展灰狼数量逐渐减少, 几乎消失了, 因此可以推出, displaced意为"被迫离开"。故选C。
3.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。第三段提到由于灰狼的消失, 鹿和麋鹿的数量快速增长, 消耗了大量的植被, 减少了植物种类, 同时丛林狼的数量增多, 园内很多的红狐被猎杀, 而河狸也完全消失了, 由此推断出灰狼的消失破坏了公园内的生态环境。故选A。
4.答案：B
解析：观点态度题。根据第五段最后一句中的"a valuable experiment"可知, 作者认为这个计划很有价值, 因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B。
2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection Reading for Writing—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第二册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1 名词的用法
1.We should know that during the patients' _____(recover), they need to have a good rest and eat some light(清淡的) food.
2.We have organized various activities to raise people's _____(aware) of the protection of the environment.
知识点2 介词的用法
3.Go straight on and you will see the post office _____ the left.
4.Binoculars are used _____ watching birds from far away.
5.If I were you，I could refuse to carry his order.
【提升能力】
6.只有常练，才能学好英语。
Only by practising constantly _________________________.
7.谈到流行音乐，我们不仅引领欧洲，而且引领着全球。
_________________________, we not only lead Europe, but also lead the world.
8.玛丽努力学习，以便能中学毕业后上大学。
Mary studies hard ___________________________________ after she leaves middle school.
9.说到公共演讲，少通常是多。
_____ _____ _____ _____ public speaking, less is usually more.
10.他工作非常努力。正是这个原因，他在研究上取得了很大的进步。 (强调句型)
He works very hard. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ he has made great progress in his research.
【综合素养】
11.The Amazzon Rainforest: A Natural Treasure
Welcome to the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays an important role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
The Amazon rainforest crosses eight countries. With an area of around 5.5 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean the river supports many different ecosystems. ①_____
Of the 390,000 plant species known to man, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. ②_____ Then there are the towering(高大的) ancient hardwood trees(阔叶树), and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the rainforest's plant life. The jaguar(美洲虎) is one example. It has yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a large number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. ③_____ These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms(微生物) helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen. ④_____ Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us.
⑤_____ As the influence of human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the "lungs of the planet"
A.They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs.
B.Thus, it is often known as the "lungs of the planet".
C.Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest.
D.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.
E. They give this area the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth.
F.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year.
G.Over the past 50 years, 17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities.
12. When I was in my fourth year of teaching, I was also (and am still) a high school track and field coach(田径教练). One year, I had a student, John, who entered my class when he was a junior. John changed to our school from Greece, and seemed to be interested in sports, so I encouraged him to join our track team. I explained to him that even though he had never taken part in it before, I did believe that he could do well in any event, and I would be willing to coach him at whichever ones interested him. He accepted the offer, and began to work hard at every practice.
About a month later, I had found out from other sources that John was a first-class tennis player, winning various junior awards in his home country. I went to him asking, "John, I really appreciate that you came out for the track team, but why didn't you play tennis instead It seems that would interest you a lot more, since you're so good at it." John answered, "Well, I like tennis, but you told me that you believed in me, and that you thought I could do well in track, so I wanted to try it for that reason."
From then on, I often remember my student's reply. I told it to a friend and she suggested I write it down to share somewhere with more teachers. No matter how critical (不满的) students can be of themselves, I've found that a simple "I trust that you can do it!" Can go a long way!
1.According to Paragraph 1, what does the author seem to think more about
A.John's PE marks B.John's self-confidence
C.John's interest in sports D.John's state of health
2.Why did John take part in the track team
A.He had been an excellent runner.
B.He was encouraged by his teacher.
C.He liked running more than tennis.
D.He had no tennis coach to train him.
3.What's the purpose of this passage
A.to build a close teacher-student relationship
B.to introduce a new way of sports training
C.to explain the value of sports and games
D.to show the importance of encouragement
4.Who is the passage mainly written for
A.teachers B.parents C.students D.players
答案以及解析
1.答案：recovery
解析：考查名词。设空处作during的宾语,且由前面的名词所有格patients'可知此处应填名词recovery。句意:我们应该知道,在病人恢复期间,他们需要好好休息并且吃一些清淡的食物。故填recovery。
2.答案：awareness
解析：考查名词。设空处作raise 的宾语,且由前面的名词所有格people's可知此处应填名词awareness。句意:我们组织了各种各样的活动来提高人们环境保护的意识。故填awareness。
3.答案：on
4.答案：for
5.答案：out
6.答案：can we learn English well
7.答案：When it comes to pop music
8.答案：so that she can go to college
9.答案：When it comes to
10.答案：It is for this reason that
11.答案：EDABG
解析：①细节句。设空处上一句提到在从山脉到海洋的旅程中,这条河支持着许多不同的生态系统,E项(它们把地球上最丰富的动植物物种给了这个地区。)承接上文内容,指出了许多不同的生态系统所带来的结果。故选E。
②细节句。此处是在介绍由低到高不同植被的情况,设空处上一句说的是底层上面是深色森林地面上的落叶层,D项(接下来的一层是由长着大叶子的矮植物组成的。)是遵循由低到高的顺序进行的介绍,下文介绍的是D项中说的矮植物的上层,即高大的古老阔叶树,最后是高出地面许多米的最高树木的顶部。故选D。
③过渡句。设空处上句提到虽然大量的美洲虎在这里生存,但它们只是这片森林食物链的一部分,设空处下句提到这些青蛙以吃树叶和水果的昆虫为食,A项(它们以至少87种物种为食,包括青蛙。)既说明了美洲虎如何是这片森林食物链的一部分,又引出了下文所说的青蛙。故选A。
④细节句。设空处上句提到亚马孙雨林通过固定碳和生产地球上20%以上的氧气给地球带来了生机,B项(因此,它经常被称为"地球之肺"。)是对上文的总结。故选B。
⑤主旨句。下文提到随着农业和养牛业等人类活动的影响持续增长并且濒临灭绝的物种名单越来越长,这就给我们留下一个问题:我们能承担得起破坏"地球之肺"的后果吗 G项(在过去的50年里,17%的雨林由于人类活动而消失。)指出了雨林遭到人类活动破坏的现象,可以引出下文内容。故选G。
12.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段"John changed to our school from Greece, and seemed to be interested in sports, so I encouraged him to join our track team."可知,作者看到John似乎对体育感兴趣,因此鼓励他加入田径队。说明作者对John的运动方面的兴趣给予更多的关注。故选C。
2.细节理解题。由第一段最后一句"He accepted the offer, and began to work hard at every practice."可知,John接受了他的老师的鼓励而参加了田径队。故选B。
3.主旨大意题。由最后一段最后一句"I've found that a simple "I trust that you can do it!" can go a long way! "可知,鼓励是非常重要的。故选D。
4.推理判断题。由最后一段"I told it to a friend and she suggested I write it down to share somewhere with more teachers."可知,这篇文章主要是写给老师的。故选A。
2
