译林版（2020）必修第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others A卷 基础夯实单元达标测试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 译林版（2020）必修第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others A卷 基础夯实单元达标测试卷（含解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-17 16:01:49 | ||
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Unit 3 Getting along with others A卷 基础夯实—2023-2024学年高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
For many, choosing the perfect summer holiday destination is no easy job. Here's why Portugal could prove to be the perfect summer destination to suit everyone.
Delicious local cuisine(菜肴)
Portuguese cuisine is up-and-coming on the world scene, with an abundance of dishes in every shape and flavor. Behind every Portuguese dish, there's the recipe(烹饪方法) of a mother, of an aunt or an uncle, of a grandmother or a grandfather. The local cuisine is rooted deep in the hearts of the Portuguese people, which is one of the reasons why Portuguese food is so special. Whether it's at the table of a top restaurant or a traditional inn, the food offers the unforgettable taste of the Iberian Peninsula. We recommend you to try the popular grilled sardines(沙丁鱼) that can be found all over the city, traditionally served with aside of boiled potatoes and vegetables or salad.
Take the sun back with you
The summer weather is a huge benefit of Portugal, with over 2,500 hours of gorgeous sunshine each year. Stepping outdoors to see nothing but the beautiful glow of the sun is something you needn't battle with the indecisiveness of the climate in other certain European destinations.
Holiday-goers can bring back the sun-kissed yellowish-brown color by enjoying the beautiful Marinha beach in the beach capital, Algarve. There's certainly no lack of inspiration to enjoy a drink in the sun!
Dive into a diamond-blue joy
The Portugal is famous for its deep blue, and the summer not only offers the opportunity to enjoy a range of sea-based activities like surfing, but also allows you to explore the sea world beneath the waves.
Surrounded by cliffs and close to a small fishing village and harbor, Arrifana beach is a popular destination among surfers. Why not head out to the Santa Cruz Ocean Spirit on the 19th—28th July This is an International Wave Sports Festival noted for its national and international sports events like surfing, skiboarding, wave skiing, and bodysurfing.
The very best kinds of holidays are the ones that do not require another holiday to recover from them!
1.What's special about Portuguese food
A. Being loved and shared. B. Being traditionally home-made.
C. Enjoying varieties of colors. D. Being served at all corners.
2.What is a joy for a visitor to the Marinha beach
A.Taking a drink in the sun. B. Seeing nothing but sunshine.
C. Celebrating a sports festival. D. Exploring the sea world.
3.What does the writer think of a holiday in Portugal
A. Tough. B.Tiring. C.Relaxing. D. Adventurous.
B
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Nineteen women who changed science have won the Nobel Prize, one of the highest honours in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in Britain, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on the earth. She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prizein Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist.
4.What is the opinion about women scientists according to the passage
A. They have more opportunities to become successful.
B.They cannot get the highest honours in the world.
C. They go through difficulties to be successful.
D.They had better pay more attention to their families.
5.Mary Anning was one of the first women to ______.
A. win the Nobel Prize after getting married
B.make achievements in the study of ancient earth
C.research animals and their bones
D.study the mystery of all kinds of plants
6.What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska
A. She studied physics in Poland and got a college education.
B. She received the Nobel Prize in Physics in1903 on her own.
C. She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime.
D. She made many discoveries after she got married.
7.What's the passage mainly about
A. Ancient discoveries. B. Women scientists.
C. Successful marriages. D. Different prizes.
C
Fancy your own satellite Arizona State University is working towards making this a reality with its SunCube FemtoSat project. Smaller than a standard CubeSat, the low-cost student-designed spacecraft is aimed at providing greater access to space for scientists and hobbyists alike.
Assistant professor Jekan Thanga and a team of students have been developing the SunCube FemtoSat for the past two years. The small cube(3×3×3 cm) weighs in at just 35 g and a longer model (3×3×9 cm, 100 g) has also been designed, which includes storage space.
Each SunCube FemtoSat has its own communication, data collection and propulsion (推进) systems and is powered by solar panels. It is made of off-the-shelf parts that are available in shops, and the energy-efficient solar panels are cut from scrap(废料), which makes it save energy, sold at a discount by manufacturers. "With a spacecraft of this size, any university can do it," says Thanga. "That's part of our major goal-space discovery for everybody.
The team says that while launching your own satellite would usually cost between $60,000 and $70,000 per kilo, it would only cost $1,000 to send a SunCube FemtoSat to the International Space Station, and $3,000 to send it into low earth orbit. Leaving the earth's gravity would cost an estimated $27,000.
The FemtoSat would be packed with a "jack in the box" style system that matches standard CubeSat sizes (around 10 cubic cm), simplifying the process of getting the tiny satellite into orbit. NASA has sent 30 CubeSats into space over the last year, with another 50 awaiting launch.
Thanga and his staff view the FemtoSat as a starting point for scientists and students, and even hope the device could be bought on the website like Amazon one day. Thanga imagines developing four main applications for the device, including hands-on testing experiences for students, and artificial gravity experiments. In addition, groups of SunCube FemtoSats could eventually be able to do the job of larger spacecraft at a vastly discounted cost.
8.What is the major goal of the SunCube FemtoSat project
A. To assist average individuals to explore space.
B. To provide easy access to spacecraft design.
C.To help carry out a classroom experiment.
D. To act on college teaching in outer space.
9.What is special about SunCube FemtoSats
A. They are used to collect information. B. They are designed for lab use.
C.They are of the same weight. D.They are energy-saving.
10.What does Thanga expect of SunCube FemtoSats
A.They'll be available online.
B. They'll be provided for free.
C.They'll match the size of CubeSats.
D.They'll be sent into space with CubeSats.
11.What can be the best title for the text
A. FemtoSats Will Rule Space B.Your Own Satellite Is Coming
C. Going into Space Has Been Affordable D.You Can Design Your Own Spacecraft
D
Rehan Staton recently found out he was accepted to Harvard Law School. For him, the sky's the limit, but it wasn't always that way.
The 24-year-old college student was raised by a single father who worked three different jobs, breaking his back. But, despite his father's best efforts, financial burdens steadily mounted. Staton's study had suffered but he kept pushing himself forward. He said growing up was tough and he used to struggle in school. One teacher even suggested he switch to a special education class.
But with help from a free tutor, Staton's grades improved. He continued to improve academically while training to be a professional boxer in high school. However, his choices for college dwindled after suffering an injury, which ruined the chances of him turning professional in sports. He was rejected from every school he applied to.
So to help support his family, Staton took a job collecting trash at a local sanitation company, which he said changed his life in ways he never imagined. "Most of my coworkers were formerly imprisoned. So, it caught me by surprise how much the people on the bottom of the society uplifted me and really wanted me to make something of myself," he told the reporter. "They encouraged me to reapply to college. They had nothing b t uplifting words for me and my future."
Through persistence, he took the LSAT and applied to nine schools—getting accepted to five. Ultimately, he decided to commit to Harvard Law School—and he'll never forget all the people who helped him get there. "Throughout this time, people ask me, 'How did you do it ' It's more so how could I not do it when everyone is breaking their backs for me, and pushing me to win," Staton said. "When you have a support system, you want to give them your best shot. Because as much as you're investing into yourself, you have others investing into you too."
12.What can we know about Staton from Paragraph 2
A. He received special care from his teacher.
B. He used to have poor academic performance.
C. He worked three jobs to help support his family.
D. He lost sight of his goal due to family difficulties.
13.What does the underlined word "dwindled" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Decreased. B.Changed. C. Appeared. D.Continued.
14.What made Staton surprised while working as a trash collector
A.The mixed backgrounds of his coworkers.
B. The misunderstanding about garbage men.
C. The strong encouragement from his coworkers.
D.The misfortune of people at the bottom of society.
15.What can we infer from the text
A. Courage is resistance to fear and pain.
B. Success comes from sweat and support.
C. Achievements are going from failure to failure.
D. Progress takes place outside the comfort zone.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ①_____ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
● Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. ②_____
● Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ③_____ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
● ④_____ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
● ⑤_____ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, on my way to work, I pulled into the Dunkin Donuts drive-through(汽车穿梭餐厅). I was tired, 1 and worried about money and bills—as usual. I was 2 the woman in a car with a "Life Is 3 !" picture on the back window.
As she put her hand out of the window to 4 , I saw her beautiful nails and the expensive-looking jewelry on her wrist. Her hair looked like she'd just been to a salon.
My envy 5 kicked in and I started growling. "Must be nice!" And various other mean-spirited thoughts 6 my mind. I was angry with her 7 possessions and her "Life Is Good!" attitude.
When it was my turn to pay, the 8 told me that the lady in the car had paid for my 9 ! I was told she would often go through the drive-through, get a cup of coffee, pay with a 20-dollar bill and 10 the rest to those behind her in line.
I felt grateful and very ashamed of my judgmental attitude. I tried to catch up with her to give her a thank-you wave, 11 she disappeared into traffic.
Since then, I have done 12 things on occasion—paying the toll for someone behind me, or buying a lonely man a Thanksgiving meal at Cracker Barrel. Each time, I remember the lady in the car and her generosity and realize little things do 13 a difference because they have the same effect. Now my mother also makes a 14 of buying meals for people in restaurants, thanks to the 15 in the car. Life is good, indeed!
1.A. busy B. hungry C. calm D. rich
2.A. around B. before C. behind D. beside
3.A. Terrible B. Sad C. Difficult D. Good
4.A. listen B. choose C. pay D. watch
5.A. lately B. slowly C. immediately D. angrily
6.A. took off B. broke into C. put off D. went through
7.A. material B. experience C. knowledge D. space
8.A. driver B. cashier C. cleaner D. guide
9.A. order B. seat C. ability D. quality
10.A. offer B. borrow C. count D. settle
11.A. because B. but C. if D. and
12.A. polite B. similar C. special D. private
13.A. produce B. buy C. get D. make
14.A. line B. promise C. record D. habit
15.A. man B. lady C. girl D. boy
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ①_____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ②_____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ③_____(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ④_____(consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ⑤_____ 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ⑥_____(be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ⑦_____(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ⑧_____(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people ⑨_____(live) in the countryside, including ⑩_____(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,进入高中后,你在学习和生活中遇到一些困难,导致无法集中精力学习。请你给你校的心理老师Kate写一封求助信,要点如下:
1.自我介绍;
2.求助内容:学习压力大,难以入睡;与父母关系紧张;与同学相处有困难;
3.希望得到Kate的帮助。
注意:
1.词数80左右,书信的格式已给出,不计入总词数;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Kate,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Ella’s First Fashion Creation
Ella was wearing a new dress and she felt like a famous model. Even better, it was a dress she made! Her very first piece of fashion!
“What do you think ” she asked her family. They were all gathered at the kitchen table for breakfast. “It’s very pretty. I can’t believe you designed and sewed that all by yourself!” Mom said. “I’m so proud of you! How long did that take ” Dad asked. Ella pulled out her chair and sat down. “Two weeks! But I think I could make the next one faster. I had a few problems.”
Ella smiled. She had so many problems making the dress, but right now it was all worth it. It was going to be a great day.
The kids at school weren’t quite as excited about her dress as she thought they would be, but she did get some nice comments from some of the girls, so she was happy about that. The day went by quickly, and before she knew it, she was outside for the last break of the day. What a perfect day, she thought to herself as she swung on the swings.
The school bell rang and the break was over. When the swing was close to stopping, Ella jumped off. When she landed, she heard a loud rip (撕裂). She moved her hand to the back of her dress. It was ripped all the way down the back! Her very first fashion creation fell apart! Ella was so embarrassed.
Ella spotted her teacher, Miss Miller, near the door. Ella took one hand from her dress and waved for Miss Miller to come to her. Miss Miller came up and looked at the back of Ella’s dress. “Oh no! And it is such a beautiful dress!” “I made it myself,” Ella said. “You must be very proud! You did a great job!” “Not really. Or it wouldn’t have ripped.” “Well, that happens sometimes. Even with clothes you buy in the store!”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150词左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Miss Miller took off her sweater and helped Ella to pull it on.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“We can’t avoid problems,” said Mom.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Delicious local cuisine部分中的“Behind every Portuguese dish, there's the recipe of a mother, of an aunt or an uncle, of a grandmother or a grandfather. The local cuisine is rooted deep in the hearts of the Portuguese people, which is one of the reasons why Portuguese food is so special.”可知,每一道葡萄牙当地的菜肴的背后都有着一位母亲,或者叔叔、阿姨,或者祖父母的烹饪秘诀,而且每一道菜都深深根植于葡萄牙人们的心里,这就是他们的食物如此特殊的原因之一。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Take the sun back with you部分中的“There's certainly no lack of inspiration to enjoy a drink in the sun!”可知,在马里尼亚海滩,游客可以在阳光下享用饮料。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,作者认为在葡萄牙旅行可以品尝可口的菜肴、享受日光浴以及参加海上活动。这样的假期应该是让人感觉放松的(relaxing)。A项意为“困难的”;B项意为“令人疲惫的”;D项意为“冒险的”。
B
4.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知,女性科学家经历很多艰难才能走向成功。
5.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth.”可知选B。
6.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together.”可知,Marie Sklodowska结婚后和丈夫一起有了很多发现。
7.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。由主题段落第一段可知,文章主要讲述成功的女科学家的事迹,文中所举的两个例子也体现了这一点。故选B。
C
8.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Arizona State University is working towards making this a reality with its SunCube FemtoSat project. Smaller than a standard low-cost student-designed CubeSat, the spacecraft is aimed at providing greater access to space for scientists and hobbyists alike.”可知,该项目的主要目标是帮助科学家和有业余爱好的普通人探索太空。故选A。
9.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It is made of off-the-shelf parts that are available in shops, and the energy-efficient solar panels are cut from scrap, which makes it save energy, sold at a discount by manufacturers.”可知,这个航天器的特别之处在于此设备是节能的。故选D。
10.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Thanga and his staff view the FemtoSatas a starting point for scientists and students, and even hope the device could be bought on the website like Amazon one day.”可知,Thanga期望今后人们能在网上购买到SunCube FemtoSats。|故选A。
11.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一款小巧却五脏俱全的简易航天器,它能够让普通人有望拥有自己的卫星。B项“Your Own Satellite Is Coming”是最适合本文的标题。故选B。
D
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He said...to a special education class.”可知,Staton过去学习成绩很差。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“after suffering an injury...in sports”可推知,在一次受伤后,Staton的大学选择减少了,这毁了他成为职业运动员的机会。故画线词意为“减少”。故选A。
14.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ ‘Most of my coworkers...’ he told the reporter.”可知,作为一名垃圾清理工时,来自同事的强烈鼓励让Staton感到惊讶。故选C。
15.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知,成功来自汗水和支持。故选B。
第二节
答案：①-⑤GEFBA
解析：①空后一句及接下来的段落是在讲晨练的好处,所以G"如果你计划定期锻炼,或者你现在正在锻炼,那就注意听"符合语境。
②根据空处前两句(你的工作效率提高了;锻炼会让你更清醒,并准备好应付一天中摆在你面前的一切)可知,此空应选E"运动后你可以保持头脑清醒4-10个小时"。more awake与E项中的clear照应。
③由此空后的"getting...the whole day"与F项中的"burn calories throughout the day"一致可知,答案为F"在你运动之后,你一整天都在消耗卡路里"。
④此空是本段的中心句,根据本段内容可知,本段主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处,所以选B"你的睡眠质量提高了"。空后一句中的"slept better"是关键信息。
⑤根据本段中的"healthy food"和"junk food"与选项A中的diet有关可知,此空应选A"你会坚持你的饮食(习惯)。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
1.答案：B
解析：从第一段第一句“One day, on my way to work, I pulled into the Dunkin Donuts drive-through.”可知,作者去了汽车穿梭餐厅,应是感觉饿了,所以此处要用hungry。
2.答案：C
解析：根据下文的“on the back window”并结合常识和后文内容可知,作者排在那位女士的车后面,所以此处要用behind。
3.答案：D
解析：根据第三段中的“Life Is Good!”可知,那位女士的车的后窗上有一张写着“生活是美好的!”的图片,所以此处选D。terrible 意为“糟糕的”;sad意为“伤心的”;difficult意为“困难的”。
4.答案：C
解析：根据语境和后文中的“When it was my turn to pay”可知,此处表示那位女士把手伸出车窗外是为了付款,所以此处用pay。
5.答案：C
解析：根据后面的“kicked in and I started growling”和“various other mean-spirited thoughts”可知,作者看到那位女士精致的打扮和戴的珠宝后,立刻产生了嫉妒心理,所以此处要用immediately。lately意为“最近”;slowly意为“慢慢地”;angrily意为“愤怒地”。
6.答案：D
解析：根据语境可知,作者嫉妒那位女士,因此各种卑鄙的想法在心头闪过。Go through one's mind 意为“在某人的脑海中一闪而过”,故went through符合语境。take off意为“脱下;起飞”;break into意为“闯入”;put off意为“推迟”。
7.答案：A
解析：根据前后文可知,作者看到了那位女士的穿着打扮,对她能拥有那么多物质上的财富感到气愤,所以此处要用material。experience意为“经验;经历”;knowledge意为“知识”;space意为“空间;太空”。
8.答案：B
解析：根据前面的“When it was my turn to pay”并结合常识可知,此处指收银员,所以要用cashier。driver意为“司机”;cleaner意为“清洁工”;guide意为“向导”。
9.答案：A
解析：根据语境及选项可知,此处表示那位女士已经为作者点的食物付了款。order意为“所点的饮食菜肴”,符合语境。seat意为“座位”;ability意为“能力”;quality意为“质量”。
10.答案：A
解析：根据前文内容可知,那位女士为作者买了单,故此处表示女士每次只点一杯咖啡并付20美元,剩下的钱都用于为后面的人买单。offer意为“提供”,符合语境。borrow意为“借”;count意为“计数”;settle意为“定居”。
11.答案：B
解析：根据文意可知,此处指作者想感谢那位女士,但是女士的车驶入了车流中,看不见了。此处表示转折,所以要用but。
12.答案：B
解析：根据后面的“paying the toll for someone behind me”可知,作者也开始做类似的事情去帮助他人,所以此处要用similar。polite意为“礼貌的”;special意为“特殊的;特别的”;private意为“私人的”。
13.答案：D
解析：make a difference为固定搭配,意为“起作用,有影响”,所以此处要用make。produce意为“生产”;buy意为“购买”;get意为“获得”。
14.答案：D
解析：根据语境可知,此处表示作者的母亲也养成了帮助别人的习惯。habit意为“习惯”,符合语境。line意为“线”;promise意为“保证;承诺”;record意为“记录”。
15.答案：B
解析：根据前文内容可知,此处表示这都要归功于那位乐于助人的女士,所以此处要用lady。
第二节
答案：①and ②that/which ③person's ④is considered ⑤by ⑥was ⑦studied ⑧sharply ⑨living ⑩lower
解析：①考查连词。句意为: 在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中, 科学家们发现, 世界各地的人们都在变胖, 大部分的增长源于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知, 此处that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise, 是两个由that引导的宾语从句, 两者是并列关系, 故填and。
②考查定语从句。句意为: 体重指数是一种国际公认的测量工具, 它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是tool, 指物, 且关系词在从句中作主语, 故填that/which。
③考查名词所有格。句意为: 它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(千克)除以身高(米)的平方, 体重指数在19到25之间被认为是健康的。根据句意可知, 此处表示"一个人的体重", 表示所属关系, 应使用名词所有格, 故填person's。
④考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知, 设空处作谓语, consider与主语(a BMI)之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态, 根据前一分句的时态可知, 此处应使用一般现在时, 故填is considered。
⑤考查介词。句意为: 研究发现, 1985年至2017年间, 农村女性和男性的平均体重指数增加了2.1。由句意可知, 此处表示"增加了", 应使用固定短语increase by, 故填by。
⑥考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为: 然而, 在城市中, 女性的体重指数增加了1.3, 男性的增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知, 设空处作句子的谓语, 主语(gain)是单数, 且根据上句中的increased可知, 此处应使用一般过去时, 故填was。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意为: 1985年, 在被研究的国家中, 有超过四分之三的国家的城市男性和女性的体重指数高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知, 句子的谓语是had, 且与设空处之间无连词连接, 故设空处应用非谓语形式, 且设空处与其逻辑主语countries之间为被动关系, 应使用过去分词作后置定语, 故填studied。
⑧考查词性转换。句意为: 但30年后, 许多国家城市和农村人口的体重指数差异大幅缩小。设空处修饰谓语had narrowed, 应使用副词形式, 故填sharply。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意为: 这可能是由于生活在农村的人有些不利条件, 包括较低的收入和教育水平, 较高的健康食品成本, 以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知, 句子已有谓语动词may be, 故设空处应用非谓语形式; 设空处与其逻辑主语people之间为主动关系, 应使用现在分词作定语, 故填living。
⑩考查形容词的比较等级。句意见上一题解析。根据后文and连接的并列结构higher costs of healthy foods和fewer sports facilities可知, 此处应使用比较级, 故填lower。
第三节
答案：
Dear Kate,
I'm Li Hua, a student of Grade One. Recently, finding it hard to concentrate on my study, I'm writing to ask you a favour.
First, the high expectations from my teachers and parents make me extremely stressed and unable to fall asleep every night. Besides, whenever I cannot see eye to eye with my parents on something, our conversation will eventually turn into a heated argument. What's worse, I have trouble getting along with my classmates.
I sincerely hope you can offer me some suggestions on these problems. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Miss Miller took off her sweater and helped Ella to pull it on. She helped Ella up and walked her back to the classroom. As soon as she sat down, she heard a girl laughing at her torn clothes. Ella was very sad and felt very defeated. Miss Miller came to Ella and said, "Your clothes are very beautiful. You shouldn't deny yourself because it is broken.". After hearing this, Ella called her mother and asked her mother to pick her up. Because her clothes were broken, she couldn't walk home by herself. When her mother came, she saw what had happened and was distressed.
Paragraph 2:
"We can’t avoid problems," said Mom. "When the problem arises, we should find a way to solve the problem instead of complaining about ourselves. Now your dress is broken and you just need to sew it". After saying that, mother took out the sewing bag and handed it to Ella, who took over the sewing bag and nodded to her mother. Then she stitched up the broken part of the dress.
2
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
For many, choosing the perfect summer holiday destination is no easy job. Here's why Portugal could prove to be the perfect summer destination to suit everyone.
Delicious local cuisine(菜肴)
Portuguese cuisine is up-and-coming on the world scene, with an abundance of dishes in every shape and flavor. Behind every Portuguese dish, there's the recipe(烹饪方法) of a mother, of an aunt or an uncle, of a grandmother or a grandfather. The local cuisine is rooted deep in the hearts of the Portuguese people, which is one of the reasons why Portuguese food is so special. Whether it's at the table of a top restaurant or a traditional inn, the food offers the unforgettable taste of the Iberian Peninsula. We recommend you to try the popular grilled sardines(沙丁鱼) that can be found all over the city, traditionally served with aside of boiled potatoes and vegetables or salad.
Take the sun back with you
The summer weather is a huge benefit of Portugal, with over 2,500 hours of gorgeous sunshine each year. Stepping outdoors to see nothing but the beautiful glow of the sun is something you needn't battle with the indecisiveness of the climate in other certain European destinations.
Holiday-goers can bring back the sun-kissed yellowish-brown color by enjoying the beautiful Marinha beach in the beach capital, Algarve. There's certainly no lack of inspiration to enjoy a drink in the sun!
Dive into a diamond-blue joy
The Portugal is famous for its deep blue, and the summer not only offers the opportunity to enjoy a range of sea-based activities like surfing, but also allows you to explore the sea world beneath the waves.
Surrounded by cliffs and close to a small fishing village and harbor, Arrifana beach is a popular destination among surfers. Why not head out to the Santa Cruz Ocean Spirit on the 19th—28th July This is an International Wave Sports Festival noted for its national and international sports events like surfing, skiboarding, wave skiing, and bodysurfing.
The very best kinds of holidays are the ones that do not require another holiday to recover from them!
1.What's special about Portuguese food
A. Being loved and shared. B. Being traditionally home-made.
C. Enjoying varieties of colors. D. Being served at all corners.
2.What is a joy for a visitor to the Marinha beach
A.Taking a drink in the sun. B. Seeing nothing but sunshine.
C. Celebrating a sports festival. D. Exploring the sea world.
3.What does the writer think of a holiday in Portugal
A. Tough. B.Tiring. C.Relaxing. D. Adventurous.
B
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Nineteen women who changed science have won the Nobel Prize, one of the highest honours in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in Britain, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on the earth. She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prizein Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist.
4.What is the opinion about women scientists according to the passage
A. They have more opportunities to become successful.
B.They cannot get the highest honours in the world.
C. They go through difficulties to be successful.
D.They had better pay more attention to their families.
5.Mary Anning was one of the first women to ______.
A. win the Nobel Prize after getting married
B.make achievements in the study of ancient earth
C.research animals and their bones
D.study the mystery of all kinds of plants
6.What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska
A. She studied physics in Poland and got a college education.
B. She received the Nobel Prize in Physics in1903 on her own.
C. She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime.
D. She made many discoveries after she got married.
7.What's the passage mainly about
A. Ancient discoveries. B. Women scientists.
C. Successful marriages. D. Different prizes.
C
Fancy your own satellite Arizona State University is working towards making this a reality with its SunCube FemtoSat project. Smaller than a standard CubeSat, the low-cost student-designed spacecraft is aimed at providing greater access to space for scientists and hobbyists alike.
Assistant professor Jekan Thanga and a team of students have been developing the SunCube FemtoSat for the past two years. The small cube(3×3×3 cm) weighs in at just 35 g and a longer model (3×3×9 cm, 100 g) has also been designed, which includes storage space.
Each SunCube FemtoSat has its own communication, data collection and propulsion (推进) systems and is powered by solar panels. It is made of off-the-shelf parts that are available in shops, and the energy-efficient solar panels are cut from scrap(废料), which makes it save energy, sold at a discount by manufacturers. "With a spacecraft of this size, any university can do it," says Thanga. "That's part of our major goal-space discovery for everybody.
The team says that while launching your own satellite would usually cost between $60,000 and $70,000 per kilo, it would only cost $1,000 to send a SunCube FemtoSat to the International Space Station, and $3,000 to send it into low earth orbit. Leaving the earth's gravity would cost an estimated $27,000.
The FemtoSat would be packed with a "jack in the box" style system that matches standard CubeSat sizes (around 10 cubic cm), simplifying the process of getting the tiny satellite into orbit. NASA has sent 30 CubeSats into space over the last year, with another 50 awaiting launch.
Thanga and his staff view the FemtoSat as a starting point for scientists and students, and even hope the device could be bought on the website like Amazon one day. Thanga imagines developing four main applications for the device, including hands-on testing experiences for students, and artificial gravity experiments. In addition, groups of SunCube FemtoSats could eventually be able to do the job of larger spacecraft at a vastly discounted cost.
8.What is the major goal of the SunCube FemtoSat project
A. To assist average individuals to explore space.
B. To provide easy access to spacecraft design.
C.To help carry out a classroom experiment.
D. To act on college teaching in outer space.
9.What is special about SunCube FemtoSats
A. They are used to collect information. B. They are designed for lab use.
C.They are of the same weight. D.They are energy-saving.
10.What does Thanga expect of SunCube FemtoSats
A.They'll be available online.
B. They'll be provided for free.
C.They'll match the size of CubeSats.
D.They'll be sent into space with CubeSats.
11.What can be the best title for the text
A. FemtoSats Will Rule Space B.Your Own Satellite Is Coming
C. Going into Space Has Been Affordable D.You Can Design Your Own Spacecraft
D
Rehan Staton recently found out he was accepted to Harvard Law School. For him, the sky's the limit, but it wasn't always that way.
The 24-year-old college student was raised by a single father who worked three different jobs, breaking his back. But, despite his father's best efforts, financial burdens steadily mounted. Staton's study had suffered but he kept pushing himself forward. He said growing up was tough and he used to struggle in school. One teacher even suggested he switch to a special education class.
But with help from a free tutor, Staton's grades improved. He continued to improve academically while training to be a professional boxer in high school. However, his choices for college dwindled after suffering an injury, which ruined the chances of him turning professional in sports. He was rejected from every school he applied to.
So to help support his family, Staton took a job collecting trash at a local sanitation company, which he said changed his life in ways he never imagined. "Most of my coworkers were formerly imprisoned. So, it caught me by surprise how much the people on the bottom of the society uplifted me and really wanted me to make something of myself," he told the reporter. "They encouraged me to reapply to college. They had nothing b t uplifting words for me and my future."
Through persistence, he took the LSAT and applied to nine schools—getting accepted to five. Ultimately, he decided to commit to Harvard Law School—and he'll never forget all the people who helped him get there. "Throughout this time, people ask me, 'How did you do it ' It's more so how could I not do it when everyone is breaking their backs for me, and pushing me to win," Staton said. "When you have a support system, you want to give them your best shot. Because as much as you're investing into yourself, you have others investing into you too."
12.What can we know about Staton from Paragraph 2
A. He received special care from his teacher.
B. He used to have poor academic performance.
C. He worked three jobs to help support his family.
D. He lost sight of his goal due to family difficulties.
13.What does the underlined word "dwindled" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Decreased. B.Changed. C. Appeared. D.Continued.
14.What made Staton surprised while working as a trash collector
A.The mixed backgrounds of his coworkers.
B. The misunderstanding about garbage men.
C. The strong encouragement from his coworkers.
D.The misfortune of people at the bottom of society.
15.What can we infer from the text
A. Courage is resistance to fear and pain.
B. Success comes from sweat and support.
C. Achievements are going from failure to failure.
D. Progress takes place outside the comfort zone.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ①_____ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
● Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. ②_____
● Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ③_____ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
● ④_____ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
● ⑤_____ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, on my way to work, I pulled into the Dunkin Donuts drive-through(汽车穿梭餐厅). I was tired, 1 and worried about money and bills—as usual. I was 2 the woman in a car with a "Life Is 3 !" picture on the back window.
As she put her hand out of the window to 4 , I saw her beautiful nails and the expensive-looking jewelry on her wrist. Her hair looked like she'd just been to a salon.
My envy 5 kicked in and I started growling. "Must be nice!" And various other mean-spirited thoughts 6 my mind. I was angry with her 7 possessions and her "Life Is Good!" attitude.
When it was my turn to pay, the 8 told me that the lady in the car had paid for my 9 ! I was told she would often go through the drive-through, get a cup of coffee, pay with a 20-dollar bill and 10 the rest to those behind her in line.
I felt grateful and very ashamed of my judgmental attitude. I tried to catch up with her to give her a thank-you wave, 11 she disappeared into traffic.
Since then, I have done 12 things on occasion—paying the toll for someone behind me, or buying a lonely man a Thanksgiving meal at Cracker Barrel. Each time, I remember the lady in the car and her generosity and realize little things do 13 a difference because they have the same effect. Now my mother also makes a 14 of buying meals for people in restaurants, thanks to the 15 in the car. Life is good, indeed!
1.A. busy B. hungry C. calm D. rich
2.A. around B. before C. behind D. beside
3.A. Terrible B. Sad C. Difficult D. Good
4.A. listen B. choose C. pay D. watch
5.A. lately B. slowly C. immediately D. angrily
6.A. took off B. broke into C. put off D. went through
7.A. material B. experience C. knowledge D. space
8.A. driver B. cashier C. cleaner D. guide
9.A. order B. seat C. ability D. quality
10.A. offer B. borrow C. count D. settle
11.A. because B. but C. if D. and
12.A. polite B. similar C. special D. private
13.A. produce B. buy C. get D. make
14.A. line B. promise C. record D. habit
15.A. man B. lady C. girl D. boy
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ①_____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ②_____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ③_____(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ④_____(consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ⑤_____ 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ⑥_____(be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ⑦_____(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ⑧_____(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people ⑨_____(live) in the countryside, including ⑩_____(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,进入高中后,你在学习和生活中遇到一些困难,导致无法集中精力学习。请你给你校的心理老师Kate写一封求助信,要点如下:
1.自我介绍;
2.求助内容:学习压力大,难以入睡;与父母关系紧张;与同学相处有困难;
3.希望得到Kate的帮助。
注意:
1.词数80左右,书信的格式已给出,不计入总词数;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Kate,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Ella’s First Fashion Creation
Ella was wearing a new dress and she felt like a famous model. Even better, it was a dress she made! Her very first piece of fashion!
“What do you think ” she asked her family. They were all gathered at the kitchen table for breakfast. “It’s very pretty. I can’t believe you designed and sewed that all by yourself!” Mom said. “I’m so proud of you! How long did that take ” Dad asked. Ella pulled out her chair and sat down. “Two weeks! But I think I could make the next one faster. I had a few problems.”
Ella smiled. She had so many problems making the dress, but right now it was all worth it. It was going to be a great day.
The kids at school weren’t quite as excited about her dress as she thought they would be, but she did get some nice comments from some of the girls, so she was happy about that. The day went by quickly, and before she knew it, she was outside for the last break of the day. What a perfect day, she thought to herself as she swung on the swings.
The school bell rang and the break was over. When the swing was close to stopping, Ella jumped off. When she landed, she heard a loud rip (撕裂). She moved her hand to the back of her dress. It was ripped all the way down the back! Her very first fashion creation fell apart! Ella was so embarrassed.
Ella spotted her teacher, Miss Miller, near the door. Ella took one hand from her dress and waved for Miss Miller to come to her. Miss Miller came up and looked at the back of Ella’s dress. “Oh no! And it is such a beautiful dress!” “I made it myself,” Ella said. “You must be very proud! You did a great job!” “Not really. Or it wouldn’t have ripped.” “Well, that happens sometimes. Even with clothes you buy in the store!”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150词左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Miss Miller took off her sweater and helped Ella to pull it on.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“We can’t avoid problems,” said Mom.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Delicious local cuisine部分中的“Behind every Portuguese dish, there's the recipe of a mother, of an aunt or an uncle, of a grandmother or a grandfather. The local cuisine is rooted deep in the hearts of the Portuguese people, which is one of the reasons why Portuguese food is so special.”可知,每一道葡萄牙当地的菜肴的背后都有着一位母亲,或者叔叔、阿姨,或者祖父母的烹饪秘诀,而且每一道菜都深深根植于葡萄牙人们的心里,这就是他们的食物如此特殊的原因之一。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Take the sun back with you部分中的“There's certainly no lack of inspiration to enjoy a drink in the sun!”可知,在马里尼亚海滩,游客可以在阳光下享用饮料。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,作者认为在葡萄牙旅行可以品尝可口的菜肴、享受日光浴以及参加海上活动。这样的假期应该是让人感觉放松的(relaxing)。A项意为“困难的”;B项意为“令人疲惫的”;D项意为“冒险的”。
B
4.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知,女性科学家经历很多艰难才能走向成功。
5.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth.”可知选B。
6.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together.”可知,Marie Sklodowska结婚后和丈夫一起有了很多发现。
7.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。由主题段落第一段可知,文章主要讲述成功的女科学家的事迹,文中所举的两个例子也体现了这一点。故选B。
C
8.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Arizona State University is working towards making this a reality with its SunCube FemtoSat project. Smaller than a standard low-cost student-designed CubeSat, the spacecraft is aimed at providing greater access to space for scientists and hobbyists alike.”可知,该项目的主要目标是帮助科学家和有业余爱好的普通人探索太空。故选A。
9.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It is made of off-the-shelf parts that are available in shops, and the energy-efficient solar panels are cut from scrap, which makes it save energy, sold at a discount by manufacturers.”可知,这个航天器的特别之处在于此设备是节能的。故选D。
10.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Thanga and his staff view the FemtoSatas a starting point for scientists and students, and even hope the device could be bought on the website like Amazon one day.”可知,Thanga期望今后人们能在网上购买到SunCube FemtoSats。|故选A。
11.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一款小巧却五脏俱全的简易航天器,它能够让普通人有望拥有自己的卫星。B项“Your Own Satellite Is Coming”是最适合本文的标题。故选B。
D
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He said...to a special education class.”可知,Staton过去学习成绩很差。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“after suffering an injury...in sports”可推知,在一次受伤后,Staton的大学选择减少了,这毁了他成为职业运动员的机会。故画线词意为“减少”。故选A。
14.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ ‘Most of my coworkers...’ he told the reporter.”可知,作为一名垃圾清理工时,来自同事的强烈鼓励让Staton感到惊讶。故选C。
15.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知,成功来自汗水和支持。故选B。
第二节
答案：①-⑤GEFBA
解析：①空后一句及接下来的段落是在讲晨练的好处,所以G"如果你计划定期锻炼,或者你现在正在锻炼,那就注意听"符合语境。
②根据空处前两句(你的工作效率提高了;锻炼会让你更清醒,并准备好应付一天中摆在你面前的一切)可知,此空应选E"运动后你可以保持头脑清醒4-10个小时"。more awake与E项中的clear照应。
③由此空后的"getting...the whole day"与F项中的"burn calories throughout the day"一致可知,答案为F"在你运动之后,你一整天都在消耗卡路里"。
④此空是本段的中心句,根据本段内容可知,本段主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处,所以选B"你的睡眠质量提高了"。空后一句中的"slept better"是关键信息。
⑤根据本段中的"healthy food"和"junk food"与选项A中的diet有关可知,此空应选A"你会坚持你的饮食(习惯)。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
1.答案：B
解析：从第一段第一句“One day, on my way to work, I pulled into the Dunkin Donuts drive-through.”可知,作者去了汽车穿梭餐厅,应是感觉饿了,所以此处要用hungry。
2.答案：C
解析：根据下文的“on the back window”并结合常识和后文内容可知,作者排在那位女士的车后面,所以此处要用behind。
3.答案：D
解析：根据第三段中的“Life Is Good!”可知,那位女士的车的后窗上有一张写着“生活是美好的!”的图片,所以此处选D。terrible 意为“糟糕的”;sad意为“伤心的”;difficult意为“困难的”。
4.答案：C
解析：根据语境和后文中的“When it was my turn to pay”可知,此处表示那位女士把手伸出车窗外是为了付款,所以此处用pay。
5.答案：C
解析：根据后面的“kicked in and I started growling”和“various other mean-spirited thoughts”可知,作者看到那位女士精致的打扮和戴的珠宝后,立刻产生了嫉妒心理,所以此处要用immediately。lately意为“最近”;slowly意为“慢慢地”;angrily意为“愤怒地”。
6.答案：D
解析：根据语境可知,作者嫉妒那位女士,因此各种卑鄙的想法在心头闪过。Go through one's mind 意为“在某人的脑海中一闪而过”,故went through符合语境。take off意为“脱下;起飞”;break into意为“闯入”;put off意为“推迟”。
7.答案：A
解析：根据前后文可知,作者看到了那位女士的穿着打扮,对她能拥有那么多物质上的财富感到气愤,所以此处要用material。experience意为“经验;经历”;knowledge意为“知识”;space意为“空间;太空”。
8.答案：B
解析：根据前面的“When it was my turn to pay”并结合常识可知,此处指收银员,所以要用cashier。driver意为“司机”;cleaner意为“清洁工”;guide意为“向导”。
9.答案：A
解析：根据语境及选项可知,此处表示那位女士已经为作者点的食物付了款。order意为“所点的饮食菜肴”,符合语境。seat意为“座位”;ability意为“能力”;quality意为“质量”。
10.答案：A
解析：根据前文内容可知,那位女士为作者买了单,故此处表示女士每次只点一杯咖啡并付20美元,剩下的钱都用于为后面的人买单。offer意为“提供”,符合语境。borrow意为“借”;count意为“计数”;settle意为“定居”。
11.答案：B
解析：根据文意可知,此处指作者想感谢那位女士,但是女士的车驶入了车流中,看不见了。此处表示转折,所以要用but。
12.答案：B
解析：根据后面的“paying the toll for someone behind me”可知,作者也开始做类似的事情去帮助他人,所以此处要用similar。polite意为“礼貌的”;special意为“特殊的;特别的”;private意为“私人的”。
13.答案：D
解析：make a difference为固定搭配,意为“起作用,有影响”,所以此处要用make。produce意为“生产”;buy意为“购买”;get意为“获得”。
14.答案：D
解析：根据语境可知,此处表示作者的母亲也养成了帮助别人的习惯。habit意为“习惯”,符合语境。line意为“线”;promise意为“保证;承诺”;record意为“记录”。
15.答案：B
解析：根据前文内容可知,此处表示这都要归功于那位乐于助人的女士,所以此处要用lady。
第二节
答案：①and ②that/which ③person's ④is considered ⑤by ⑥was ⑦studied ⑧sharply ⑨living ⑩lower
解析：①考查连词。句意为: 在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中, 科学家们发现, 世界各地的人们都在变胖, 大部分的增长源于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知, 此处that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise, 是两个由that引导的宾语从句, 两者是并列关系, 故填and。
②考查定语从句。句意为: 体重指数是一种国际公认的测量工具, 它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是tool, 指物, 且关系词在从句中作主语, 故填that/which。
③考查名词所有格。句意为: 它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(千克)除以身高(米)的平方, 体重指数在19到25之间被认为是健康的。根据句意可知, 此处表示"一个人的体重", 表示所属关系, 应使用名词所有格, 故填person's。
④考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知, 设空处作谓语, consider与主语(a BMI)之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态, 根据前一分句的时态可知, 此处应使用一般现在时, 故填is considered。
⑤考查介词。句意为: 研究发现, 1985年至2017年间, 农村女性和男性的平均体重指数增加了2.1。由句意可知, 此处表示"增加了", 应使用固定短语increase by, 故填by。
⑥考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为: 然而, 在城市中, 女性的体重指数增加了1.3, 男性的增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知, 设空处作句子的谓语, 主语(gain)是单数, 且根据上句中的increased可知, 此处应使用一般过去时, 故填was。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意为: 1985年, 在被研究的国家中, 有超过四分之三的国家的城市男性和女性的体重指数高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知, 句子的谓语是had, 且与设空处之间无连词连接, 故设空处应用非谓语形式, 且设空处与其逻辑主语countries之间为被动关系, 应使用过去分词作后置定语, 故填studied。
⑧考查词性转换。句意为: 但30年后, 许多国家城市和农村人口的体重指数差异大幅缩小。设空处修饰谓语had narrowed, 应使用副词形式, 故填sharply。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意为: 这可能是由于生活在农村的人有些不利条件, 包括较低的收入和教育水平, 较高的健康食品成本, 以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知, 句子已有谓语动词may be, 故设空处应用非谓语形式; 设空处与其逻辑主语people之间为主动关系, 应使用现在分词作定语, 故填living。
⑩考查形容词的比较等级。句意见上一题解析。根据后文and连接的并列结构higher costs of healthy foods和fewer sports facilities可知, 此处应使用比较级, 故填lower。
第三节
答案：
Dear Kate,
I'm Li Hua, a student of Grade One. Recently, finding it hard to concentrate on my study, I'm writing to ask you a favour.
First, the high expectations from my teachers and parents make me extremely stressed and unable to fall asleep every night. Besides, whenever I cannot see eye to eye with my parents on something, our conversation will eventually turn into a heated argument. What's worse, I have trouble getting along with my classmates.
I sincerely hope you can offer me some suggestions on these problems. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Miss Miller took off her sweater and helped Ella to pull it on. She helped Ella up and walked her back to the classroom. As soon as she sat down, she heard a girl laughing at her torn clothes. Ella was very sad and felt very defeated. Miss Miller came to Ella and said, "Your clothes are very beautiful. You shouldn't deny yourself because it is broken.". After hearing this, Ella called her mother and asked her mother to pick her up. Because her clothes were broken, she couldn't walk home by herself. When her mother came, she saw what had happened and was distressed.
Paragraph 2:
"We can’t avoid problems," said Mom. "When the problem arises, we should find a way to solve the problem instead of complaining about ourselves. Now your dress is broken and you just need to sew it". After saying that, mother took out the sewing bag and handed it to Ella, who took over the sewing bag and nodded to her mother. Then she stitched up the broken part of the dress.
2