牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good A卷 基础夯实 单元达标测试卷（含解析）

Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good A卷 基础夯实—2023-2024学年高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A little knowledge and a few precautionary measures(预防措施) can greatly increase your chances of surviving an earthquake. The key is education and preparation in advance. Or when it happens, it is too late that you take a booklet to learn then. The earthquake safety tips below will not make you an expert. However, they could make a life-saving difference if you find yourself in an earthquake situation.
Before the Earthquake
Teach all members of your family about earthquake safety. This includes the action you should take when an earthquake occurs, the safe places in a room such as under a strong desk, along interior walls, and places to avoid such as near windows, large mirrors, hanging objects, heavy furniture and fireplaces.
During the Earthquake
If you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, under a strong table, or along an interior wall.
If you are outdoors, move to an open area where falling objects are unlikely to strike you. Stay away from buildings, telegraph poles(电线杆) and trees.
If you are driving, slow down smoothly and stop on the side of the road. Avoid stopping on or under bridges and overpasses(立交桥), or under power lines, trees and large signs. Stay in your car.
After the Earthquake
Check for damage. If your building is badly damaged, you should leave it quickly until it has been inspected by a safety professional. If you smell or hear a gas leak(煤气泄漏), get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas. Report the leak to the gas company and fire department. Do not use any electrical appliances because a tiny spark could make the gas burn suddenly.
1.What is the key to surviving an earthquake
A.Learning some tips when an earthquake happens.
B.Consulting the experienced survivors.
C.Leaving where earthquakes often happen.
D.Education and preparation in advance.
2.What do telegraph poles mean when an earthquake happens
A.Help. B.Energy. C.Safety. D.Danger.
3.What should you do when you find your house is badly damaged after the earthquake
A.Stay where you are. B.Phone 119.
C.Leave the house quickly. D.Find your dear possessions.
B
Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht admitted that he was not sure how or when to rebuild it. He was still shocked by what Australia's increasingly changeable climate had already delivered: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire, and then a foot of rain from a storm.
"It's unstoppable," said Mr. Ruprecht, a former dairy farmer. "We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can also be vicious, wild and unforgiving."
Australia's hellish(极不愉快的) fire season has eased, but its people are facing more than a single disaster. With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread, they are facing a cycle of what scientists call compound extremes: one climate disaster strengthens the next.
Higher temperatures do more than just dry out the land. They also heat up the atmosphere, which means clouds hold more moisture(水汽)for longer periods of time. So droughts get worse, giving way to fires, then to heavy rain that the land is too dry to absorb.
Many Australians in disaster zones complain that their government, after ignoring climate change for years, has not yet worked out recovery plans that are clear and take future risks into account.
At the same time, the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly. Philip Lowe, governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, warned recently that Australia was already paying a price, and that in effect it would only go up.
4.Why is Peter Ruprecht mentioned in Paragraph 1
A.To arouse readers' pity. B.To introduce the topic.
C.To stress the problem. D.To call on readers to help.
5.Which word can replace the underlined word "vicious" in Paragraph 2
A.Empty. B.Kind. C.Responsible. D.Violent.
6.What is the main cause of "compound extremes" in Australia
A.The government's inaction. B.Higher temperatures.
C.The lack of money. D.No recovery plans.
7.In which section of the newspaper can we read this passage
A.Food. B.Travel. C.Climate. D.Agriculture.
C
In December 2004, I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea, known as sea nomads(海上游牧民族). I was living with members of the Chao-Ley tribe(部落) on a small island in southern Thailand. We didn't share a language and depended on body language to communicate.
I went to sea with them regularly. One morning, I was due to set out with a group of six fishermen in a small boat. The sea looked different, with the water totally still.
About 20 minutes after we left and a few miles out in the open sea, one of the fishermen pointed to a small white spot far in the distance. It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly. This was a tsunami wave speeding through the ocean. We were in shock.
Usually, the deeper the water, the weaker the wave. But we weren't out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck. I began to feel really scared.
The captain told the six of us where to sit, so we would balance the boat. My camera was in my backpack. I wanted to capture the scene, but I couldn't. Any movement would make the boat out of balance. Suddenly there was a huge noise. The wave hit the boat, but in a flash the skilled captain managed to swerve(突然转向) up and onto the wave. Then the boat moved from the tip of the wave down into safe waters. Our eyes and mouths were wide open, and everyone let out heavy sighs. The captain had saved us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how important life can be. I've been going back to Southeast Asia almost every year since. The photography project has become a thank-you to the person who saved my life. The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains "the one that got away"—I think every photographer has one. But mine changed my life.
8.What happened before the author set out with the fishermen
A.The captain wanted to cancel the trip. B.He noticed something unusual.
C.They saw a white spot in the distance. D.It looked as if it was about to rain.
9.When did the author start to feel frightened
A.When fishermen on the boat felt nervous.
B.When he realized they were trapped.
C.When the boat was about to be hit.
D.When the boat shook violently.
10.What was the author doing when the tsunami wave hit the boat
A.Helping the captain swerve. B.Taking a photo of the wave.
C.Trying not to move. D.Reaching for his backpack.
11.What did the author learn from his experience
A.We should have the courage to take risks.
B.Opportunity never knocks twice.
C.Life is too short to be wasted.
D.Sometimes regrets in life can save us.
D
The tornadoes that recently hit the U.S. are some of the most destructive and deadly in history. The deaths in Kentucky, the hardest stricken state, reached 80 on Monday, with dozens still not included. The scale of destruction and timing of the tornadoes being so late in the year—most tornadoes happen in the spring and summer—are leading to discussion about how climate change may have affected this deadly disaster.
"In my 40 years as a meteorologist(气象学家), this is one of the most shocking weather events I've ever experienced," says Jeff Masters, at Yale Climate Connections. "Watching these storms on Friday night, my thought was, 'Is no season safe ' Extreme tornadoes in December. That was mind blowing to me."
Unlike heat waves and floods, the connection between a warming world and tornadoes is complex(复杂的) and uncertain. Scientists have several ideas about how tornado behavior may change. Tornadoes in December are possible. But it remains to be seen whether climate change will strengthen or increase the frequency(频率) of tornadoes.
According to NOAA's data, there has been a recorded increase in the number of observed tornadoes since 1950, which experts believe is largely because of better technology such as Doppler radar. There's been no observed increase in the frequency of major tornadoes over time. For example, 59 of the most serious F5 tornadoes in the U.S. have happened since 1950. But if the storm that destroyed Kentucky turns out to have been an F5, it will have been the first since 2013—bringing to an end the longest recorded period so far.
"However, given the general influence of global warming on the atmosphere, it makes sense that it should be having an effect on tornadoes too," says Victor Gensini, an extreme weather expert at Northern Illinois University. "Rather than asking, 'Did climate change cause this tornado ', it's better to operate under the thought that climate change did play a role," he says.
While the science on climate change and tornadoes isn't clear, meteorologists are predicting conditions benefiting tornadoes will continue this month. "To be honest, I'm worried about the rest of the year. I don't think we're out of the woods yet," Gensini says.
12.What is the difference between the recent tornadoes and the ones in the past
A.The recent tornadoes caused no deaths.
B.The recent tornadoes happened in December.
C.The recent tornadoes hit only Kentucky.
D.The recent tornadoes caught people unprepared.
13.What can be known from Paragraph 3
A.Waves and floods often follow tornadoes.
B.There is agreement on how tornadoes may change.
C.Climate change will make tornadoes the most deadly disaster.
D.Scientists are unsure how climate change influences tornadoes.
14.Which of the following statements may Victor Gensini agree with
A.The tornadoes have nothing to do with climate warming.
B.The science on climate change is advancing very quickly.
C.Climate change most likely has an effect on tornadoes.
D.Climate change will make tornadoes much less frequent.
15.What does the underlined phrase "out of the woods" mean in the last paragraph
A.Out of date. B.Out of order.
C.Out of danger. D.Out of control.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Looking to make the biggest impact after a disaster This guide will help you deliver the necessary resources to the right people quickly and easily, as well as helping you be prepared for a potential emergency. ①_____.
Create a fundraiser(筹集资金的活动)
Put simply, more people equal more money, and creating your own fundraiser is a great way to encourage people who want to help. ②_____. Designate(指定) a charity to receive the funds so people can donate(捐赠) directly on the organization's site or through an app; thus, you won't have to transfer donations through your personal account.
Collect supplies
③_____. Start by checking an organization's website, which often has lists of what is needed and where to send it. Or call community offices in the disaster-affected area to see what specific needs they have.
Donate your skills or time
You can contact your local emergency services to see if they are seeking a helping hand. If you don't have a particular skill, offer your time to help with the clean-up afterwards. However, always call or check online first. ④_____. In reality, you will be adding one more person to the already strained situation. ⑤_____.
One of the most helpful things you can do in a natural disaster is prepare yourself ahead of time. Not only will these preventive measures protect you, but they will also limit damage in case a disaster strikes. The first step is to find out which disasters are most likely to affect you. The second step is to stock up on necessary emergency items.
A.Learn to protect yourself
B.Be prepared for a natural disaster in advance
C.Here is how to help those affected or potentially affected by natural disasters
D.It's best to take a little extra time to find out what is really short
E.Do not go as an individual volunteer to a disaster zone expecting to find ways to help
F.If you're trying to find out how to help with natural disasters, you're in the right place
G.If you're dealing with a local natural disaster, start by raising money in your community
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It's strange, but I don't really remember the hurricane itself. It all happened so 1 . I was sitting in my room when the roof(屋顶) just 2 . All of a sudden, there was the sky where the roof had been and I was very 3 . Without a roof, staying inside was really 4 . It was August, so it was really hot and it smelled so 5 everywhere because much rotten(腐烂的) food was thrown on the streets! Living in the 6 air, we became breakfast, lunch and supper for the mosquitos(蚊子). We had lost our home and everything in it. But Mom kept on 7 us that whatever happened, we should always try to see the good side of things. Anyway, we were all together and safe. Mom's words made us feel 8 . I remember us all lying under the midnight 9 and looking up at the stars. Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us 10 for the future.
Although it was only a few days before we were 11 , it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. Now, one year has 12 and I'm back home in New Orleans. We are working together to 13 our home and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the 14 of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us 15 to move on.
1.A.typically B.currently C.quickly D.regularly
2.A.flew off B.went off C.calmed down D.turned up
3.A.frightened B.pleased C.curious D.impressive
4.A.confusing B.hard C.unique D.inspiring
5.A.sweet B.wet C.powerful D.bad
6.A.fresh B.dirty C.cold D.open
7.A.watching B.improving C.reminding D.ignoring
8.A.better B.worse C.hotter D.harder
9.A.bed B.sky C.atmosphere D.scene
10.A.money B.hope C.time D.rescue
11.A.saved B.recognized C.contacted D.remembered
12.A.taken B.come C.approached D.passed
13.A.observe B.explore C.rebuild D.extend
14.A.facilities B.roofs C.houses D.stars
15.A.comfort B.confidence C.challenge D.direction
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Droughts Cause Problems for China
This summer has brought serious heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, ①_____(include) food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases. The effect of the droughts is likely to be felt for years.
China ②_____(face) with similar problems now, too. It has been troubled by a terrible drought this summer, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the Yangtze River, China's ③_____(long) river. That has cut the amount (数量) of power ④_____ is produced by the world's largest dam by 40%.
China hasn't been able to produce enough power, since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool. In Sichuan Province, the government is closing ⑤_____(factory) down because there's not enough energy. The country is trying to make it rain by ⑥_____(send) chemicals into clouds, which, however, is ⑦_____ uncertain and temporary(临时的) measure.
There are no easy ways for any of these droughts. ⑧_____ has taken years to create the climate problem, and getting it under control will take more time. For now, governments and people will need to ⑨_____(careful) manage water supplies and other things ⑩_____(stop) the damage.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
昨天A市(A city)发生了严重洪灾,人、建筑物、汽车被大水冲走,损失惨重。请根据下面提供的信息,为某英语报社写一篇80词左右的新闻报道,报道的标题已给出。内容包括:
1.受灾情况:如人员伤亡(多达50人死亡,数百人受伤);很多建筑物损毁;供水、供电中断等;
2.救援情况:军队、医务人员等;
3.赈灾措施:运送生活物资;人们捐款等。注意:结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
A Terrible Flood
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With a large donation and joint efforts of all the people, it is believed that A city will revive itself and get back up on its feet soon.
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Cats are a mysterious kind of animal—there is more passing in their minds than we know of. I can't agree more with this because of my recent experience.
It was the Sunday before Labor Day, and I was tired after spending the day at a picnic in a relative's garden. I looked out of the window before climbing onto bed. Stars filled the night sky, and crickets(蟋蟀) gently sang in the darkness. All seemed right with the world.
My big, old black-and-white cat, Oreo, lay at the foot of the bed where he slept every night, keeping my feet warm. I climbed onto bed and immediately fell into a deep sleep.
I had just fallen asleep when Oreo woke me up by walking over my stomach. I looked at the bedside clock: 3:10 am. I had no idea why Oreo was troubling me. He'd never done that before unless I overslept in the morning, but that usually happened at8:00 am, not in the middle of the night.
I pushed Oreo off me, rolled over and pulled the blanket(毯子) over my head. But Oreo didn't stop. He stepped on my head and began to make noises loudly.
"Oreo," I said. "Go back to sleep."
But Oreo wouldn't stop. He kept walking on my stomach and legs, continuing to trouble me. Suddenly, there was a crash of thunder(雷), and I sat up on the bed and looked out of the window. Lightning filled the sky. Strong winds blew through the window. Rain started to come down hard, making it almost impossible to see the trees in the yard. Soon the wind was picking up and the branches of the trees were moving violently(强烈地). A terrible storm had started.
Seeing the sight, I was struck with horror. Thinking that it was not safe to stay in the house, I climbed out of bed, put on
my clothes, and held Oreo in my arms.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
We headed for the basement(地下室).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
I discovered that my house had been damaged(损坏) by a fallen tree.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The key is education and preparation in advance.”可知,在地震中幸存的关键是提前教育和准备。
2.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Stay away from buildings, telegraph poles and trees.”可推知,当地震发生时电线杆是危险的,所以要远离。
3.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If your building is badly damaged, you should leave it quickly...”可知,如果房子在地震中被严重破坏了应该立即离开。
B
4.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。第一段提到Peter Ruprecht的房子被烧成废墟,反映出澳大利亚多变的气候给人们造成了巨大的损失并引发了一系列气候灾难:干旱、毁灭性的丛林大火和一英尺的雨。由此可以推知,提及Peter Ruprecht是为了引出话题:澳大利亚的气候灾难。故选B。
5.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的but可知,画线词所在分句与前面的分句之间是转折关系,根据but 前面的“warmth”和画线词后面的“wild and unforgiving”可知,“vicious”应与“wild(狂暴的)”和“unforgiving(难应付的)”近义,与“warmth(温暖)”反义,故A.“空的”、B.“友好的”、C.“负责任的”均可排除,故选D项“暴力的”。
6.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的“compound extremes”定位到第三段,根据冒号后面的“one climate disaster strengthens the next”可知,“compound extremes”指的是一种气候灾害加剧另一种;第四段阐述了这个过程,即
因此是温度升高导致了“compound extremes”。故选B。
7.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。文章第一、二段引出话题:澳大利亚的气候灾难,接下来的段落描述了它们的危害、成因以及造成的经济成本等,所以本文话题与气候相关。故选C。
C
8.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知,一天早晨,作者要和六个渔民乘坐一条小船出发。大海看起来不一样了,海水是完全静止的。所以,在出发前,作者注意到了一些不寻常的情况。故选B。
9.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的feel frightened定位到第四段中的“I began to feel really scared.”。根据该信息前面的“But we weren't out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck.”可知,当作者意识到他们被困住的时候,他开始感到害怕。故选B。
10.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前四句可知,为了让船能平衡,船长告诉作者在内的六人坐在合适的位置。尽管作者想拿出背包里的照相机拍摄,但他不能这样做,任何动作都会使船失去平衡。所以当海啸波袭击船的时候,作者尽力保持不动。故选C。
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,经历了那次与死神的邂逅,作者深刻理解了生命的重要性。虽说在那次灾难时,作为摄影师,作者没有拍到现场的照片,但船长的英勇和他们的克制不动让他们活了下来。由此推知,从这次经历中作者意识到有时候生活中的遗憾可以拯救我们。故选D。
D
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。第一段最后一句中谈到大多数龙卷风在春季和夏季发生。第二段中的“Extreme tornadoes in December.”说明最近的龙卷风发生在12月。故选B。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“但气候变化是否会加强龙卷风或增加龙卷风的频率还有待观察。”可知,科学家不确定气候变化如何影响龙卷风。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的Victor Gensini可定位到第五段Victor Gensini说的话“然而,考虑到全球变暖对大气的普遍影响,全球变暖也应该对龙卷风产生影响是有道理的;最好是认为气候变化确实起到了推动作用,而不是问‘是气候变化造成了这次龙卷风吗 ’”由此可推知,Victor Gensini认为气候变化很可能对龙卷风有影响。故选C。
15.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线部分前面的“conditions benefiting tornadoes will continue this month”可知本月可能还会发生龙卷风。再根据最后一段中Gensini说的话“老实说,我担心今年剩下的时间。我认为我们还没out of the woods。”可知Gensini很担心,觉得人们还未摆脱龙卷风的危险,out of the woods 在此处意为“out of danger(脱离危险)”。故选C。A.过时的,过期的;B.出故障,不整洁;D.失去控制。
第二节
答案：①-⑤CGDEB
解析：①过渡句。分析文章结构可知本文是“总一分”结构。上文提到这则指南除了帮助你为潜在的紧急情况做好准备外,还会帮助你快速、容易地把必需的资源递送到合适的人那里。下文有多个小标题,具体说明了上文提到的内容。C项(以下是如何帮助那些受到自然灾害影响或可能受到自然灾害影响的人)承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
②细节句。根据小标题可知本段与筹集资金有关,设空处下文谈到指定慈善机构接收资金,以便人们可以直接在该组织的网站上或通过应用程序捐款……。G项(如果你正在应对当地的自然灾害,首先在你的社区筹集资金)照应筹集资金的主题,同时引出下文,故选G。
③细节句。设空处位于段首,下文介绍了了解受害地区需求的两个方法:查看组织的网站;给灾区的社区办公室打电话。D项(最好花一点额外的时间来弄清楚到底缺什么)引出下文,符合语境。故选D。
④过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:然而,总要先打电话或在网上查看→_____→实际上,你将给已经处于水深火热之中的受灾地区再添一个人。E项(不要一个人去灾区做志愿者,期待着能找到帮忙的方法)与上下文意思一致,符合语境。故选E。
⑤主旨句。设空处位于小标题处,根据下文内容“在自然灾害中,你能做的最有帮助的事情之一就是提前做好准备……”可知,本段主要讲了提前为自然灾害做好准备。B项(提前为自然灾害做好准备)引领下文。故选B。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
1.答案：C
解析：根据后文“All of a sudden, there was the sky where the roof had been”可知,飓风来得很快(quickly)。故选C。A.典型地;B.现在;D.有规律地。
2.答案：A
解析：根据下文“Without a roof”可知,屋顶突然飞走了(flew off),故选A。B.开火,爆炸;C.镇静下来;D.出现。
3.答案：A
解析：根据下文“Without a roof”和常理推断发生自然灾害后作者应是感到非常害怕(frightened)。故选A。B.高兴的;C.好奇的;D.令人印象深刻的。
4.答案：B
解析：根据后文“It was August, so it was really hot...rotten(腐烂的) food...”可知,没有了屋顶,待在屋子里真的很艰难(hard)。故选B。A.令人困惑的;C.独特的;D.鼓舞人心的。
5.答案：D
解析：根据后文提到的“很多腐烂的食物被扔在了大街上”可知,气味很难闻(bad)。故选D。A.芳香的;B.潮湿的;C.强有力的。
6.答案：D
解析：根据上文“Without a roof”可知,屋顶被吹走了,“我们”是住在露天(open)环境中。故选 D。in the open air露天,在户外。A.新鲜的;B.肮脏的;C.寒冷的。
7.答案：C
解析：根据that引导的宾语从句的内容(无论发生什么,我们应该总是努力看到事情好的方面)可知,这是妈妈提醒(reminding)“我们”的内容。故选C。A.观看;B.改善;D.忽视。
8.答案：A
解析：根据上文“I was very frightened”可知,“我”一开始很害怕,但妈妈的话使“我们”感觉好些(better)了。故选 A。B.更差的;C.更热的;D.更难的。
9.答案：B
解析：根据前文“Without a roof”和后文“looking up at the stars”可知,此处是指躺在午夜的天空(sky)下。故选B。A.床;C.气氛;D.景色。
10.答案：B
解析：根据前文谈到的“虽然我们失去了很多”,可以推测这里应该讲好的方面,所以这里指那样的时刻给了“我们”对未来的希望(hope)。故选B。A.钱;C.时间;D.营救。
11.答案：A
解析：根据后文“We were taken to another town in a faraway county.”可知,“我们”被救了(saved)。故选A。B.认可;C.联系;D.记得。
12.答案：D
解析：根据时间状语“Now”可知,一年过去了(passed)。pass指“(时间)消逝”,符合语境。故选D。A.带走;B.来;C.接近。
13.答案：C
解析：根据前文“We had lost our home and everything in it.”可知,飓风毁掉了“我们”的家园,所以现在需要重建(rebuild)。故选C。A.观察;B.探索;D.扩大。
14.答案：D
解析：根据前文讲到的“我们”都躺在夜晚的天空下仰望星星可知,此处是指现在“我们”有另一个机会仰望新奥尔良的星星(stars)。前后文采用了照应的形式。故选D。A.设施;B.屋顶;C.房屋。
15.答案：B
解析：根据“their beauty inspiring us”可知,此处是讲星星的美丽给了“我们”前进的信心(confidence)。故选B。A.安慰;C.挑战;D.方向。
第二节
答案：①including②is faced③longest④which/that⑤factories⑥sending⑦an⑧It⑨carefully⑩to stop
解析：①考查介词。后面的food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases是前面的problems的举例,故填including,意为“包括”。句意:干旱正在导致严重的问题,包括粮食和能源短缺、运输问题和价格上涨。
②考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:中国现在也面临着类似的问题。be faced with表示“面临,面对”,根据时间状语now可知,句子描述现在的情况,应用一般现在时,主语是China, be动词应用is。故填is faced。
③考查形容词最高级。结合常识可知,长江是中国最长的河流,所以设空处应用形容词的最高级形式作定语,修饰名词river。故填longest。句意:干旱使中国最长的河流—长江的很多部分干涸。
④考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空后内容缺少主语,结合语境可知空后的主语就是空前的名词power,所以设空处引导定语从句,先行词power指物,故填which或that。句意:那使得世界上最大的水坝生产的电力减少了40%。
⑤考查名词复数。句意:在四川省,由于能源不足,政府正在关闭工厂。结合常识可知,政府关闭不止一家工厂,且设空处前无限定词,所以设空处应用名词的复数形式。故填factories。
⑥考查动名词。设空处位于介词by之后,应用动名词形式作宾语,故填sending。句意:中国正努力通过将化学物质送入云层来降雨,但这是一项不确定的临时措施。
⑦考查冠词。此处表示人工降雨是一项不确定的临时措施,设空处应用不定冠词表示泛指,uncertain以元音音素开头,前面应用不定冠词an。
⑧考查代词。本句为“It takes/took some time to do sth.”句型,表示“做某事花费多少时间”,所以设空处应用it,置于句首,首字母大写。故填It。
⑨考查副词。设空处修饰动词manage,应用副词形式作状语,故填carefully,表示“小心地,谨慎地”。
⑩考查不定式。句意:目前,政府和人民需要谨慎管理水供应和其他事情,以防止损害的发生。句中已有谓语,故设空处应用非谓语动词,结合语境可知这里表示目的,所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to stop。
第三节
答案：
A Terrible Flood
A terrible flood hit A city yesterday, causing great damage. The number of deaths stood at 50 and hundreds of people were injured. Numerous houses and roads were in ruins, leaving a great many citizens homeless. Food was hard to get and water and electricity supplies were cut off.
Soon after the flood, rescue workers, including medical teams and troops, were quickly organized and sent to the disaster-hit area. Fresh water and food were transported to the area. People donated money voluntarily. Volunteers from around the country came to aid in the disaster relief work.
With a large donation and joint efforts of all the people, it is believed that A city will revive itself and get back up on its feet soon.
答案：
Paragraph 1:
We headed for the basement(地下室). Once there, I sat on the floor with Oreo on my lap as the wind blew and the thunder boomed. Then there was a great crash that shook the house. Hearing the noise, Oreo turned to me, with his eyes full of fear. I had no idea what it was about. In spite of this, I had a feeling that something terrible must have happened to my house. The storm continued for a few minutes and then passed as quickly as it had arrived. Oreo and I headed back upstairs.
Paragraph 2:
I discovered that my house had been damaged(损坏) by a fallen tree. The tree knocked a big hole in the roof right above my bed. If I had been on that bed, I could have been killed. I felt so relieved and happy that I couldn't hide my tears. Thank goodness that Oreo had sensed the coming storm and woken me up. That old cat saved my life! This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.
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