人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration Using language 写作课件 (共30张PPT，内嵌音频)

(共30张PPT)
UNIT 3
SEA EXPLORATION
Express your opinions on sea exploration
To analyzes the arguments and evidence in the texts.
To express your opinions on sea exploration.
To learn to write an argumentative essay with the help of PEEL method.
Should the sea be explored
Read the two texts and answer the questions.
What type of articles do the two passages belong to
What are the three parts in argumentative essay
Argumentative essay.
Argument, evidence, restatement/ recommendation/ a call to action.
Listen to the two texts below and find the arguments
and evidence in them.
Text 1
argument evidence
Exploration causes pollution.
Mining for resources is damaging.
Overfishing is an issue.
Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Plastic pollution.
It hurts the Arctic.
Burning fossil fuels adds to climate change.
Whales and dolphins are hunted.
Banned, but some countries still doing it.
Read and think
Text 1
Should The Sea Be Explored
When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean exploiting it. Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more.
More exploration means more pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010. Plastic pollution is also bad, killing many birds and fish, and has even been found in our tap water.
argument
evidence 1
facts
Should The Sea Be Explored
Text 1
Mining for resources is very damaging, especially in the Arctic. Because of climate change, there is less ice now, which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north. But if we burn these, the ice will melt more and this negative cycle will continue. Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong.
Overfishing is another problem. Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so-called research. Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
The sea is home to life, not human beings’ possessions. It is huge, but it is more sensitive than we think. If we do not protect it, future generations will not forgive us.
evidence 2
cause and effect
evidence 3
example
statistics
restatement
Style:
Against the sea exploration
argumentative essay
Para. 1
Argument
Sea exploration caused problems
Para. 2-4
pollution
mining
overfishing
Facts:
Deepwater Horizon oil spill;
Plastic pollution
Cause and effect:
It hurts the Arctic;
Burning fossil fuels adds to climate change.
Example:
Whales and dolphins are hunted;
Statistics:
Banned in 1982, but some countries still doing it.
Para. 5
Restatement
Less exploration and more protection.
Language features: using facts, examples & statistics; persuasive
argument evidence
Sea exploration is important for our future.
Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
We need new resources for future development.
Scientific research ships can help address important issues like climate change.
New medicines, food resources and energy.
Predict events such as earthquakes.
Vast amounts of resources may be under the sea and ice.
Text 2
Text 2
Should The Sea Be Explored
To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. Opponents may be concerned, but sea exploration is important for our future. For example, scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change. We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action. Therefore, more research is necessary.
Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding
argument
evidence 1
opposition to the affirmative
example
evidence 2
Text 2
Should The Sea Be Explored
of life on the earth. It may help us discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes.
The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.
Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance.
examples
evidence 3
opposition to the affirmative
explanation
opposition to the affirmative and restatement
For the sea exploration
Style:
argumentative essay
Para. 1
Argument
Evidence 1
We must explore the ocean.
Sea exploration is important.
Example: Scientific research ships can help address important issues like climate change.
Para. 2-3
Evidence
2&3
Para. 4
Restatement
Keep a balance between sea exploration / economic needs and environmental risks.
It helps us manage its resources better.
We need new resources for future development.
Examples:
New medicines, food
resources and energy.
Predict events such as
earthquakes.
Explanation:
Vast amounts of resources may be under the sea and ice.
Language features: opposition to the affirmative
Look at the two charts below and decide which one supports which text.
Text 2
Text 1
In groups, discuss the following questions and take notes.
1. What is your opinion about sea exploration Do you agree with one argument more than the other
2. Has your opinion changed after reading the two texts Why or why not
3. Are there any other aspects of sea exploration not mentioned that you think are important
I think sea exploration is a wonderful idea, because even if there are no immediate rewards for it, to explore and find out more about our world is always a good thing.
Yes, my opinion has changed. Before reading Text 1, I did not know that sea exploration could add to sea pollution, via deep sea drilling for example.
We do not know what we don’t know; We need to explore the ocean so that we can better understand issues such as acidification which leads to seawater to become more acidic, and how to fight these problems; Studying the ocean causes the creation of new technologies that can help us in other areas.
1. Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
尽管早在1982年就已禁止, 但有的国家仍地无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的动物。
本句是一个复合句。some countries are...是主句；although=though是从属连词，意为“虽然……;尽管……”，引导让步状语从句。
(1)用作连词
表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可换用，只是 although 比 though 更为正式。
Though/Although it was raining, we went outside.
(2)用作副词
although一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意为“可是；不过”。
It’s hard work; I enjoy it though.
(3)用于习语
在 as though(好像，仿佛)、even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although。
He is an honest man, I must say, even though I don’t like him.
(4)用于倒装
though引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但 although 一般不这样用。
Child though / as he was, he did quite well.
【语境应用】语法填空。
1) We will try our best to make it ________ though it is hard work.
2) He nodded ________ though he knew everything about it.
even
as
【归纳】
mercy 短语
at the mercy of 任……处置; 对……无能为力;
任由……摆布
beg for mercy 恳请宽恕
have mercy on/upon sb. 对某人表示怜悯
show mercy to sb. 对某人表示怜悯
without mercy 残忍地，毫不留情地
mercy n. if someone shows mercy they choose to forgive or to be kind to someone who they have the power to hurt or punish
仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
eg He showed no mercy to his enemies.
他对敌人毫不仁慈。
【语境应用】用适当的介词填空。
1) They showed mercy ________ their enemies.
2) The ship was ________ the mercy of the storm.
3) She got on her knees and begged ________ mercy.
on
at
for
merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽大的
be merciful to/ towards sb 对某人仁慈
2. The sea is home to life, not human beings’ possessions.
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。
possession n. something that you own or have with you at a particular time 个人财产
if something is in your possession, you own it, or you have obtained it from somewhere 拥有；控制
eg He had sold all his possessions and left the country.
The house has been in the family’s possession since the 1500s.
be in possession of 拥有……（主语为人）
be in the possession of (sb)= be in one’s possession（某物）被 （某人）拥有
come into one’s possession 为某人所拥有
take / come into possession of 占有；拥有
possess v. 占有，拥有；控制，支配
【语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 这伙人被逮住了，人赃俱获。
The gang was caught ________ ________ ________
stolen goods.
2) 离开宾馆时请记得随身携带好你的私人物品。
Please remember to take all your ________ ___________
with you when you leave the hotel.
3) Jack是个好孩子，他有很多好品质。
Jack is a good boy and _______ _______ _______ ________.
in possession of
personal possessions
possesses many good qualities
Based on your note, write an argumentative essay on sea exploration, expressing your opinions with supporting facts.
1) The following questions may help you.
What is the purpose of sea exploration
How does sea exploration help us to protect the sea
How does sea exploration cause damage to the sea
Is there a good balance between protection and exploitation
2) Use the PEEL method to help structure your argument.
Point What point do you want to make
Evidence What facts and examples can you find to support your point How reliable are the sources
Explanation Explain how the facts support your opinion and show other opinions to be incorrect.
Link Connect this point to the next point, or back to the main point of the essay or paragraph.
3) Write your draft and exchange it with a partner.
Use the checklist to help each other revise the drafts.
Yes No
Is the point clear enough
Are there any examples or facts that support the argument strongly
Is there any explanation on how the evidence supports the opinion
Are there some connectives linking one point to another
4) Get your feedback and revise your draft.
审题定调
1.确定体裁:本次写作是一篇议论文，内容涉及海洋生物保护。
2.确定人称:本文要用第三人称。
3.确定时态:时态以一般现在时为主。
好词积累
1. varieties of 各种各样的
2. die out 灭绝
3. on the one hand...on the other hand 一方面…,另一方面……
4. as a matter of fact/ in fact/ actually 事实上
5. take measures 采取措施
6. keep the balance of 保持……的平衡
7. make great efforts 努力
高级句式
1. 众所周知，海底有各种各样的资源。(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
As we all know, there are varieties of resources under the sea.
2.只有提高人们保护环境的意识, 努力防止污染, 才能解决这个问题。(倒装句)
Only by raising people’s awareness of protecting the environment and making great efforts to prevent pollution can the problem be solved.
Even though the oceans make up about 70% of the earth’s surface, more than 80% of the oceans remain unexplored. While some people say that we should not explore the oceans, their reasoning is not very sound. Exploring is not the same as exploiting. When we explore a place. We go just to see and understand what is there.
We should explore the ocean, first and foremost, because we do not know what we do not know. We thought we knew many about the ocean, but we were wrong. There could be life forms in the ocean, for example, that fit none of the neat categories we have for life while we have no clue that they even exist.
This brings up the second point. We already know many things about the ocean, but we need to learn more. A good example is ocean acidification.
We know that it is causing coral to die. We know that using less fossil fuel would cause the process to slow down. However, we need to learn more to find out how to stop it. We need more research to see what is going on, and to come up with plans and solutions.
Finally, to do this research, we have to enter an extreme environment not very friendly to humans. This requires the development of new technologies that can also benefit us in other areas. For example, in many ways, the deep ocean resembles outer space.
The technologies can benefit each other. For another instance, the technology of a mechanical arm to collect samples with has been used in factories and development of artificial limbs for humans.
All in all, there are many good reasons to explore the oceans. If we care about science, about protecting our oceans, and about developing new technologies, we need to do all we can to support ocean exploration.
假定你是某校的宣传委员李华，应邀为学校网站英文版写一篇有关海洋生物保护的文章，请根据以下要点写一篇短文。
1. 海洋受污染的现状;
2. 保护海洋的重要性。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节，以使文章连贯。
The Importance of Protecting Our Oceans
As we all know, there are varieties of resources under the sea. However, the past ten years has witnessed that some creatures have died out. Therefore, marine pollution has been greatly concerned by the whole world.
On the one hand, we must make people realize the importance of protecting the ocean. As a matter of fact, to protect the ocean is to protect human beings. On the other hand, the government should take immediate measures to keep the balance of nature. In no way should we abandon protecting the environment. Only by raising people’s awareness of protecting the environment and making great efforts to prevent pollution can the problem be solved.