2023—2024学年北京市新高三入学定位考试
英语
本试卷共13页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was an ordinary summer afternoon when I first found out about my grandpa’s ____1____ garden.
That day, after school, instead of walking straight home, I decided to visit my grandpa, who lived just a few blocks away.
When I got there, I saw the front door was slightly open. I pushed it open but found nobody. Curiosity and ____2____ mixed within me as I ventured inside and noticed the backdoor wide open, leading to a path I’d never ____3____ before. There it was—a breathtaking garden, filled with flowers of all shapes and colors, greenery stretching out as far as my eyes could see. I walked ____4____, marveling at the beautiful spectacle. Suddenly, I heard a rustling sound from a nearby bush, followed by a soft and familiar voice.
“I didn’t ____5____ you to find this place, my dear,” my grandpa said, emerging from behind the green leaves with a broad smile, holding a watering can.
____6____ by the beauty of the garden, I just stood there, taking in the view. After what felt like forever, I asked, “Grandpa, why didn’t you tell me about this place ”
He shrugged and replied, “I wanted it to be a ____7____, something you could discover on your own. It’s more special that way, don’t you think ”
Since that day, we would spend hours in the garden, tending to the flowers, sharing stories, and enjoying each other’s ____8____. That garden, which I discovered ____9____, became our playground, a haven of peace in the midst of our bustling city lives.
Looking back now, I realize that the greatest thing I found in that garden was not the beautiful scenery, but the precious memories and _____10_____ I built with my grandpa.
1. A. tiny B. secret C. romantic D. natural
2. A. concern B. relaxation C. delight D. excitement
3. A. appreciated B. doubted C. noticed D. recognized
4. A. home B. back C. away D. further
5. A. expect B. hope C. allow D. tell
6. A. Disturbed B. Overwhelmed C. Angered D. Amused
7. A. mystery B. gift C. challenge D. wonder
8. A. garden B. company C. greeting D. memories
9. A. as usual B. in particular C. on purpose D. by chance
10. A. peace B. balance C. bond D. trust
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要写了一个普通夏日午后，主人公和祖父一起在花园里度过了很多美好的时光，这个花园成为了他们的乐园。回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和情感。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次发现爷爷的秘密花园时，那是一个普通的夏日午后。A. tiny微小的；B. secret秘密的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“as I ventured inside and noticed the backdoor wide open，leading to a path I'd never 3 before.”可知，对于作者来说这是个以前没有发现的花园，所以应该是秘密花园。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我冒险走进去，发现后门大开着，通向一条我从未注意过的小路时，内心交织着好奇和关注。A. concern关心；关注；B. relaxation放松；C. delight高兴；D. excitement兴奋。根据前文Curiosity和下文“I’d never ____3____ before”可知，作者以前没有来过，因此在推开这个门的时候，应该是好奇的和关注的。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. appreciated欣赏；感激；B. doubted怀疑；C. noticed注意到；D. recognized认出。根据后文“There it was—a breathtaking garden, filled with flowers of all shapes and colors, greenery stretching out as far as my eyes could see.(那是一个令人惊叹的花园，开满了各种形状和颜色的花，绿色植物一直延伸到我的眼睛所能看到的地方)”可知，作者在这之前从来没有注意到这个花园。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我继续往前走，惊叹于这美丽的景象。A. home回家；B. back回来；后边；C. away离开；D. further更进一 步。根据后文“marveling at the beautiful spectacle”可知作者应该是进一步走进花园，所以应该是walked further。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“亲爱的，我没想到你会发现这个地方，”爷爷说着，拿着一个喷壶，笑容满面地从绿叶后面走了出来。A. expect认为；预料；B. hope希望；C. allow允许；D. tell告诉。根据下文““I wanted it to be a 7 , something you could discover on your own. It’s more special that way, don’t you think ””可知爷爷没有料到作者会发现这个地方。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：被花园的美景迷住了，我只是站在那里欣赏风景。A. Disturbed打扰；B. Overwhelmed 征服；C. Angered激怒；D. Amused消遣；娱乐。根据后文“I just stood there, taking in the view”可知作者突然发现这个园子很美，应是被美景所征服。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他耸了耸肩，回答说:“我希望它是一个谜，你可以自己发现一些东西。这样更特别，你不觉得吗 ”A. mystery神秘；B. gift 礼物；C. challenge挑战；D. wonder奇迹。 根据后文“something you could discover on your own. It's more special that way, don’t you think ”可知爷爷是想让作者自己去发现这个地方，所以是想让它成为一个谜。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我们总是会在花园里呆上几个小时，照顾花朵，分享故事，享受彼此的陪伴。A. garden 花园；B. company陪伴；C. greeting问候；D. memories记忆。根据前文“we would spend hours in the garden, tending to the flowers, sharing stories, and enjoying each other’s.”可知作者和爷爷会在花园里呆上几个小时，照料花朵，分享故事，彼此陪伴。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：那座花园是我偶然发现的，后来成了我们的游乐场，成了熙熙攘攘的都市生活中的一个宁静的避风港。A. as usual和平常一样；B. in particular特别地；C. on purpose故意地；D. by chance偶然地。根据前文“Curiosity and ____2____ mixed within me as I ventured inside and noticed the backdoor wide open, leading to a path I’d never ____3____before.”可知作者偶然发现的这个园子。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我意识到我在那个花园里发现的最伟大的东西不是美丽的风景，而是我与爷爷建立的珍贵回忆和纽带。A. peace平安；B. balance平衡；C. bond纽带；联系；D. trust信任。根据下文“I built with my grandpa”可知，回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和互信关系。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources ____11____ a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gap s in the ____12____(exist) research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic. A good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources—it analyzes, synthesizes(综合), and ____13____(critical)evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject.
【答案】11. on 12. existing
13. critically
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了什么是文献综述。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：文献综述是关于某一特定主题的学术资料的调查。根据句意，此处表示“关于”，表明一篇文章、一本书、一个演讲的主题时（通常比较严肃或学术性较强）用介词on。故填on。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它提供了当前知识的概述，使您能够识别相关的理论，方法和现有研究中的差距，您可以稍后应用于您的论文，毕业论文或论文主题。空处修饰名词research,使用形容词existing作定语，意为“现有的”。故填existing。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：它分析、综合、并批判性地评估，以提供关于该主题的知识状态的清晰画面。空处修饰动词evaluates，使用副词作状语。故填critically。
B
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Swedish students generally welcome AI tools in education, but 62% consider using chatbots in exams as cheating. However, the boundaries of cheating with AI remain uncertain. This result ____14____(show)in a survey from Chalmers University of Technology. The study, the first of its kind ____15____(investigate)students’ attitudes towards AI in education has gathered crucial information and presented the results in an overview report. The researchers hope the survey’s findings will empower students ____16____ help them get a better understanding of AI’s role in learning.
【答案】14. is shown
15. to investigate
16. and
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能在学习中发挥的作用。
14题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：查尔姆斯理工大学的一项调查显示了这一结果。根据句意可知谓语动词show和主语this result之间是被动关系，结合语境可知时态为一般现在时，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语this result是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填is shown。
【15题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：这项研究首次调查了学生对教育中人工智能的态度，收集了重要信息，并在一份概述报告中展示了结果。分析句子可知，空处使用不定式作后置定语修饰the first of its kind。故填to investigate。
【16题详解】
考查连词。句意：研究人员希望这项调查的结果能赋予学生权力，帮助他们更好地理解人工智能在学习中的作用。根据句意可知前后句子之间是并列关系，使用and连接。故填and。
C
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Rachel had always been fascinated with the mysteries of the sea. She dreamed of exploring the ____17____(deep)of it and discovering unknown creatures. Her obsession intensified when she discovered an old map in her grandfather’s attic(顶楼), which showed a place marked “hidden treasure”. Ignoring ____18____ her mother had warned, she started a small-boat adventure. After hours of searching with no luck, a friendly giant octopus appeared, guiding her to a secret cave ____19____ she found treasures beyond her wildest dreams. From this experience, Rachel ____20____(know)that the bravest seekers often find the greatest treasures.
【答案】17. depths##depth
18. what 19. where
20. knew##has known
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Rachel对海洋奥秘的探索。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：她梦想着探索海洋的深处最深的地方，发现未知的生物。冠词修饰名词，depth“深处”，根据句意，既可以用作可数名词单数也可以用作可数名词复数，故填depths/depth。
【18题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她不顾母亲的警告，开始了一场小船冒险。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，使用what引导。故填what。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一只友好的巨型章鱼出现了，引导她到一个秘密的洞穴，在那里她发现了她最疯狂的梦想之外的宝藏。空处引导定语从句，先行词cave在从句中充当地点状语，使用where引导。故填where。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：从这次经历中，瑞秋知道最勇敢的探索者往往能找到最大的宝藏。根据句意可知此处时态一般过去时，动词使用过去式，也可以描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。故填knew/has known。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Stargazing Festivals in 2023
As more areas grow brighter with light pollution, national parks across the country have become dark-sky havens. Over the years, they are making a push to get certified as havens for sky-watching by the International Dark Sky Association, and they even host events like stargazing festivals to get travelers excited about astronomy.
·Bryce Canyon National Park—June 14-17
Situated in southern Utah, Bryce Canyon earned its dark-sky title in 2019. The35, 835-acre park is an ideal place to stay up late. This year, its annual astronomy festival includes guided stargazing sessions, lectures and “star stories” presentations, family-friendly activities, and even a performance by strings musicians in the northern Arizona-based Dark Sky Quartet.
·Shenandoah National Park—August 11-13
Conveniently located within a day’s drive from two-thirds of Americans, Shenandoah National Park’s night sky festival is a low-lift way to dabble in astronomy. The nearly 200,000-acre park will host ranger talks, public stargazing sessions, lectures, presentations, and activities for kids. Staffers are still working on this year’s full schedule, but past events have covered topics ranging from space weather to nocturnal(夜间的) creatures.
·Great Basin National Park—September 14-16
Great Basin is one of the least crowded national parks, making it the perfect place to quietly appreciate the mysteries of the cosmos. Its annual astronomy festival is scheduled for this fall and includes guest speakers, constellation talks, observatory tours, and a photography workshop. During the festival’s unique “Art in the Dark” program, participants will get to paint in low-light conditions and experiment with how their eyes perceive color.
·Joshua Tree National Park—October 13-14
Joshua Tree National Park, as the International Dark Sky Association notes, is the “nearest convenient place to go stargazing under a relatively dark sky” for the18 million people who live in the Los Angeles area. It became an official dark sky park in 2017, and each year, it hosts a night sky festival in the fall. As luck would have it, this year’s dates overlap with an annular “ring of fire” solar eclipse. From Joshua Tree, the moon will appear to obscure between 70 and 80 percent of the sun.
21. What is the purpose of Stargazing Festivals
A. To raise public interest in astronomy.
B. To call for action against light pollution.
C. To provide a platform to observe stars.
D. To collect money for more observatories.
22. Where should you go if you want to experience working in low-light conditions
A. Bryce Canyon National Park. B. Shenandoah National Park.
C. Great Basin National Park. D. Joshua Tree National Park.
23. What might be a bonus to visitors to Joshua Tree National Park during the festivals
A. An observatory tour. B. A photography workshop.
C. A stargazing tour. D. A solar eclipse.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者列举了2023年四个国家公园的星空观测节活动。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“they even host events like stargazing festivals to get travelers excited about astronomy (他们甚至举办观星节等活动，让旅行者对天文学感到兴奋)”可知观星节的目的是提高公众对天文学的兴趣，故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Great Basin National Park—September 14-16部分的“During the festival’s unique “Art in the Dark” program, participants will get to paint in low-light conditions and experiment with how their eyes perceive color (在艺术节独特的“黑暗中的艺术”项目中，参与者将在弱光条件下绘画，并实验他们的眼睛如何感知颜色)”可知如果你想体验在弱光条件下的工作，你应该去大盆地国家公园，故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据Joshua Tree National Park—October 13-14部分“As luck would have it, this year’s dates overlap with an annular “ring of fire” solar eclipse (幸运的是，今年的日期与环形“火环”日食重叠)可知在节日期间，日食可能是约书亚树国家公园游客的额外奖励，故选D。
B
Horseback Riding
Fourth-grader Maliah McCaster strolled into her classroom at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary School in New York, holding a toy pony.
In just a few hours she would board a school bus alongside her classmates and head out for a morning of horseback riding. The weekly activity comes through a partnership with Victoria Acres Equine Facility in Guilderland, which offers a therapeutic riding program to empower individuals with disabilities.
Special education teacher Morgan Grimm said the activity, which takes place twice a week, has allowed Maliah, who has autism, to connect with others and enjoy a learning environment outside of a traditional classroom.
“She’s a super sensory girl. On the days that we’re not here, she’s seeking a lot more attention and her behaviors are a bit increased. But on the days we come back from the farm, she’s a lot calmer,” Grimm said. “We’re seeing an increase in her making sentences and her overall language.”
The 10-year-old is one of four students with autism who are participating in the pilot program, officially launched at the Guilderland farm earlier in the spring. They recently had their fourth riding session.
Victoria Acres, founded in 2012, provides more than 2,300 riding lessons and therapies every year. The recent addition of an indoor riding facility has allowed the nonprofit to expand its programs year-round, providing an average of 48 lessons per afternoon.
Despite the busy schedule, the farm pays extra attention to the health and well-being of its eight therapy horses, ensuring each animal participates in a maximum of three half-hour sessions each day. Many of the animals are older, which makes them especially suitable for therapy due to their gentle, calm nature.
Like other nonverbal students, Avery uses a “tap-tap” motion to signal the horse to move forward. His feet barely reach the stirrups, but he looks at ease and confident as he rocks back and forth atop the gentle giant.
“He looks like a cowboy,” said Kristin Munrett, principal of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary.
As the children explored the property with their support staff, pointing at the donkeys and watching the horses graze, it was clear why the executive director of the nonprofit, Erin Pashley, called it her happy place.
24. According to the passage, the horseback riding program is designed to .
A. cure children’s physical disabilities
B. develop children’s interest in learning
C. treat children’s communication disorder
D. promote children’s relationship with animals
25. Besides offering lessons, the Victoria Acres Equine Facility also values .
A. the state of animals on the farm
B. the training of the working staff
C. the build-up of children’s character
D. the feedback of the trained children
26. How did the children feel while they were on horseback
A. Afraid but proud. B. Relaxed and confident.
C. Nervous but happy. D. Calm and concentrated.
27. What can we learn from the passage
A. Freedom is the key to self-confidence.
B. Love is to growth what water is to seeds.
C. Passion is the greatest mentor worldwide.
D. Diligence and perseverance lead to success.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。本文介绍了纽约学校与Guilderland的Victoria Acres Equine Facility合作，为残疾人提供治疗性骑马项目。这个活动让患有自闭症的Maliah能够在传统教室之外的学习环境中与他人建立联系并享受学习，体现了人们对自闭症儿童的关爱。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Special education teacher Morgan Grimm said the activity, which takes place twice a week, has allowed Maliah, who has autism, to connect with others and enjoy a learning environment outside of a traditional classroom. (特殊教育老师摩根·格里姆说，这项活动每周进行两次，让患有自闭症的玛利亚与他人交流，享受传统课堂之外的学习环境。)”可知，这项活动是为了治疗自闭儿童的沟通障碍。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段“Despite the busy schedule, the farm pays extra attention to the health and well-being of its eight therapy horses, ensuring each animal participates in a maximum of three half-hour sessions each day. (尽管日程繁忙，农场还是格外关注八匹治疗马的健康和幸福，确保每匹马每天最多参加三次半小时的治疗。)可知，除了提供课程，Victoria Acres Equine Facility也重视农场动物的状态。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“His feet barely reach the stirrups, but he looks at ease and confident as he rocks back and forth atop the gentle giant. (他的脚勉强够到马镫，但当他在温柔的巨人身上来回摇摆时，他看起来很轻松，很自信。)可知，孩子们在马背上时很轻松、很自信。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“The weekly activity comes through a partnership with Victoria Acres Equine Facility in Guilderland, which offers a therapeutic riding program to empower individuals with disabilities.(每周的活动是通过与吉尔德兰的Victoria Acres Equine Facility合作，它为残疾人提供治疗性骑马项目。)”以及全文内容可知，本文介绍了纽约学校与Guilderland的Victoria Acres Equine Facility合作，为残疾人提供治疗性骑马项目。这个活动让患有自闭症的Maliah能够在传统教室之外的学习环境中与他人建立联系并享受学习，体现了人们对自闭症儿童的关爱。因此推断文章体现了B项Love is to growth what water is to seeds. (爱之于成长，犹如水之于种子)符合主旨。故选B。
C
Research from the University of Pennsylvania has shown that social media users are likely to share posts that contain information that they feel is relevant to themselves or to the people they know. In other words, people share posts that they believe to have value—either to themselves or to their relationships with others.
A new study has found that merely encouraging people to consider the value led to increased activity in the areas of the brain associated with sharing decisions and increased a person’s motivation to share an article.
“A lot of prior research on what makes posts go viral has focused on identifying the characteristics of messages that are shared often or not shared often,” says lead author Christin Scholz. “We’re looking at the neural mechanisms of sharing decisions. Targeting those mechanisms could be a way to encourage the spread of high-quality health information.”
During the study, led by senior author Emily Falk, participants were instructed to consider sharing articles about healthy living from The New York Times while their brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Inside the fMRI scanner, participants were asked to think about sharing an article with a specific goal in mind: to either “help somebody”(use the article to relate positively to others)or to “describe yourself”(use the article to present yourself positively to others). As a control, participants were assigned the neutral “to spread information” goal.
“In all areas of life, people want to present themselves in a positive light or to relate positively to others,” Scholz says. “Our method encourages people to identify ways in which they can fulfill these motives through the sharing of health articles. If they are successful, they should be more likely to decide to share the article.”
After reading the headline and summary of a health-related article, participants were asked to consider what they might say or write to another study participant if they were to share the article with them, keeping in mind their assigned goal. Finally, participants rated their likelihood to share the article in real life.
Thinking about sharing in terms of how it might help someone else not only increased activation in brain regions associated with self-related thinking, value-related thinking, and social-related thinking(particularly mentalizing—the act of imagining what others are thinking), but also increased a person’s self-reported willingness to share an article.
“I think we’re only scratching the surface in terms of how you could encourage people to share high-quality health information,” Scholz says. “A health communicator might want to focus on being accurate and clear and not have to worry about whether their content is emotional to get clicks. We’re trying to find ways to focus on the would-be sharer, to help them find personal meaning in sharing content that can benefit others and society.”
28. The purpose of Christin Scholz’s study is to .
A. make her posts go viral on the Internet
B. encourage the spread of health information
C. identify the characteristics of shared messages
D. find out why people decide to share information
29. According to the passage, which is more likely to be shared
A. An article that is accurate and organized.
B. An article contains information about brains.
C. An article that might be useful for some friends.
D. An article that contains debate-triggering information.
30. What can we learn from the passage
A Most people tend to share posts when they are asked to.
B. People share healthy information to build positive self-images.
C. Researchers well understand how to encourage information sharing.
D. Deciding whether to share a post or not affects the activation inside our brain.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。短文主要讲述了社交媒体用户分享帖子的动机和决策机制。研究发现，人们分享帖子是因为他们认为这些帖子对自己或与他人的关系有价值。研究还发现，鼓励人们考虑帖子的价值会增加与分享决策相关的大脑活动，并增加分享文章的动机。人们可以更好地理解分享决策的神经机制，并通过针对这些机制来鼓励传播高质量的健康信息。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的““A lot of prior research on what makes posts go viral has focused on identifying the characteristics of messages that are shared often or not shared often,” says lead author Christin Scholz. We’re looking at the neural mechanisms of sharing decisions. Targeting those mechanisms could be a way to encourage the spread of high-quality health information. (该研究的主要作者克里斯汀·肖尔茨说:“之前很多关于帖子走红的原因的研究都集中在确定经常被分享或不经常被分享的信息的特征上。我们正在研究共享决策的神经机制。以这些机制为目标可能是鼓励传播高质量卫生信息的一种方式。”)”可知，Christin Scholz的研究正在研究共享信息的神经机制，目的是为了找出人们决定分享信息的原因。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Research from the University of Pennsylvania has shown that social media users are likely to share posts that contain information that they feel is relevant to themselves or to the people they know. In other words, people share posts that they believe to have value—either to themselves or to their relationships with others. (宾夕法尼亚大学的研究表明，社交媒体用户可能会分享他们认为与自己或认识的人相关的信息。换句话说，人们分享他们认为有价值的帖子，无论是对他们自己还是对他们与他人的关系。)”可知，人们分享与自己或认识的人的有关的信息。因此推断一篇可能对朋友有用的文章，是最有可能被分享的。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thinking about sharing in terms of how it might help someone else not only increased activation in brain regions associated with self-related thinking, value-related thinking, and social-related thinking (particularly mentalizing—the act of imagining what others are thinking)，but also increased a person’s self-reported willingness to share an article. (从分享如何帮助他人的角度来思考，不仅会增加大脑中与自我相关思维、价值相关思维和社会相关思维(尤其是精神化——想象别人在想什么的行为)相关区域的激活，而且还会增加一个人自我报告的分享文章的意愿。)可知，决定是否分享帖子会影响我们大脑内部的活动。故选D。
D
In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.
Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media Who can we trust How about experts—people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers(阻碍)our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world.
Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attention-grabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way.
Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively.
It saves a lot of time to think like this. You can have opinions and answers without having to learn about a problem from scratch and you can get on with using your brain for other tasks. But it’s not so useful if you like to understand the world. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn’t fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality.
Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. I have been wrong about the world so many times. Sometimes, coming up against reality is what helps me see my mistakes, but often it is talking to, and trying to understand, someone with different ideas.
If this means you don’t have time to form so many opinions, so what Wouldn’t you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong
31. What does the underlined word “allure” in Para.2 probably mean
A. Temptation. B. Tradition. C. Convenience. D. Consequence.
32. Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage
A. They meet people’s demand for high efficiency.
B. They generate a sense of complete understanding.
C. They are raised and supported by multiple experts.
D. They reflect the opinions of like-minded individuals.
33. What will the author probably agree with
A. Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains.
B. Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness.
C. A well-founded opinion counts more than many shallow ones.
D. People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views.
34. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A. Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity
B. Simplifying Information: Enhancing Comprehension
C. Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships
D. Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。短文主要讲述了在信息驱动的社会中，塑造我们的世界观经常无法提供全面的现实视角。简单的想法可能很吸引人，但是我们会冒着过度简化复杂问题的风险，最终会影响我们的判断力，限制我们有效解决复杂问题的能力。我们应该与持有不同观点的人交谈并试图理解他们的观点，形成正确的观点。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers(阻碍)our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world. (然而，即使是专家也会受到过度简化的allure，导致“单一视角本能”， 阻碍我们掌握世界的复杂性。)”可知，导致了单一视觉，不能掌握世界的复杂性，因此推断受到了过度简化的诱惑，allure在这里指的是“诱惑”。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. (简单的想法可能很有吸引力，因为它们提供了一种理解和确定性。)”可知，简单的想法具有吸引力是因为它们产生一种完全理解的感觉。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world.(相反，要不断测试你最喜欢的想法的弱点。对自己的专业知识要谦虚。对不合适的新信息和来自其他领域的信息保持好奇。而不是只与那些同意你的人交谈，或者收集符合你想法的例子，咨询那些反驳你、不同意你的人，并提出不同想法的人，作为理解世界的重要资源。)”可推断，作者认为要不断测试自己的想法，要谦虚，要保持好奇，不要只是与同意自己观点的人交谈，要与那些与持有与自己不同观点的人交流，接受不同的观点，作为理解世界的重要资源。因此推断作者认为有充分根据的观点比许多肤浅的观点更重要。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.( 在信息驱动的社会中，通过媒体塑造我们的世界观就像仅仅根据一个人的脚的照片来形成对他们的看法一样，但它经常无法提供全面的现实视角。)”，第二段的“However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers(阻碍)our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world.(然而，即使是专家也会受到过度简化的诱惑，导致“单一视角本能”，阻碍我们掌握世界的复杂性。)”以及倒数第三的“And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. (与其只与那些同意你的人交谈，或者收集符合你想法的例子，不如咨询那些反驳你、不同意你的人，并提出不同想法的人，作为理解世界的重要资源。)”以及全文内容可知，本文作者主要提出“单一视角本能”最终会影响我们的判断力，限制我们有效解决复杂问题的能力，我们应该接受不同的观点，作为理解世界的重要资源。因此D项“驾驭复杂性:挑战过度简化”为最佳标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A Way Out of Social Anxiety: Volunteering and Acts of Kindness
As a socially anxious introvert, I can attest(证明)to the benefits of serving others through volunteering in my community.
A volunteer job doesn’t need to require stepping into a busy room full of 100 people at a school or hospital. ____35____ This kind of work is much more suitable and agreeable for introverts.
____36____ When I help elders or people with disabilities who are more isolated and lonelier than I am, I feel my nervousness and self-consciousness disappear. My social awkwardness loses its grip on me when I’m focused on helping someone else rather than myself or my social performance. Unlike showing up at a job interview, business meeting, or speaking engagement, working as a volunteer with people in need takes the spotlight away from being measured or judged. ____37____
Social scientists have an apt name for stressful social situations where we need to perform and would likely be judged or evaluated. The “social-evaluative threat” is particularly threatening for people with social anxiety as stress hormones rapidly increase. Any time we are in evaluative situations where we are judged by others, we face this social-evaluative threat and endure a sudden rush of stress hormones that increase anxiety. ____38____ Yet when we are in situations where we are offering casual acts of kindness or nurturing others we tend to feel less threatened or judged by others. Helping others and sharing simple acts of kindness does not pose such a social-evaluative threat, but instead, calms and soothes us. Neuroscientists have studied the warm glow of doing good that makes us feel good.
“Kindness may help socially anxious people,” says Dr. Lynn Alden, a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia. ____39____ She found that acts of kindness may help to counter the socially anxious person’s fear of negative evaluation by promoting more positive perceptions and expectations of how other people will respond.
A. Some people are naturally reserved while others are rather outgoing.
B. In social anxiety disorder, fear and anxiety lead to avoidance which can disrupt our life.
C. Indeed, my own act of kindness has always been a sure bet to bring me out of my shell.
D. Instead, my volunteer service consists of quiet one-on-one visits with isolated older adults.
E. When I am giving my free time to help others, I feel truly liberated in my mission to serve.
F. High-performance events such as public speaking or job interviews can be really unbearable.
G. She and her colleagues conducted a study with 115 undergraduate students who had reported high levels of social anxiety.
【答案】35. D 36. C 37. E 38. F 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍如何通过志愿服务和善举摆脱社交焦虑。
【35题详解】
根据上文“A volunteer job doesn't need to require stepping into a busy room full of 100 people at a school or hospital. (一份志愿者工作不需要去学校或医院走进一个满是100人的拥挤房间。)可知，此处说明志愿者工作是什么样子的。D项“相反，我的志愿服务包括安静地一对一地探访孤独的老年人。”符合语境，承接上文介绍我的志愿者活动是什么样的，因此下文“This kind of work is much more suitable and agreeable for introverts.(这种工作更适合内向的人。)”进一步的说明。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据下文“When I help elders or people with disabilities who are more isolated and lonelier than I am, I feel my nervousness and self-consciousness disappear. (当我帮助那些比我更孤独的老人或残疾人时，我感到我的紧张和自我意识消失了。)可知，此处说明做志愿的好处。C项“事实上，我自己的善举总是能带我走出困境。” 符合语境，总领下文，解释做志愿者的益处。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Unlike showing up at a job interview, business meeting, or speaking engagement, working as a volunteer with people in need takes the spotlight away from being measured or judged. (与参加工作面试、商务会议或演讲活动不同，作为一名志愿者帮助有需要的人会让人们的注意力从被衡量或评判中转移开。)可知此处应继续说明作志愿者给自己带来的好处。E项“当我用我的空闲时间去帮助别人的时候，我觉得在我的服务使命中真正解放了。”符合语境。故选E。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Any time we are in evaluative situations where we are judged by others, we face this social-evaluative threat and endure a sudden rush of stress hormones that increase anxiety. (任何时候，当我们处于被他人评判的评估情境中，我们就会面临这种社会评估的威胁，并忍受压力荷尔蒙的突然激增，从而增加焦虑。)可知，此处说明焦虑带来的影响。F项“像公开演讲或工作面试这样的高绩效活动真的是难以忍受的。”具体说明在被他人评判时产生的焦虑是难以忍受。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文““Kindness may help socially anxious people, ”says Dr.Lynn Alden, a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia. (英属哥伦比亚大学心理学教授林恩·奥尔登博士说：“善举可能会帮助社交焦虑的人。”)及下文“She found that acts of kindness may help to counter the socially anxious person's fear of negative evaluation by promoting more positive perceptions and expectations of how other people will respond. (她发现，善意的行为可能有助于对抗社交焦虑症患者对负面评价的恐惧，因为他们会对他人的反应产生更积极的看法和期望。)可知，此处讲述了英属哥伦比亚大学心理学教授林恩·奥尔登博士对于社交焦虑患者的研究发现。G项“她和她的同事们对115名报告有高度社交焦虑的本科生进行了一项研究。”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
“What if… ” thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. For example, “I want to ask for a pay raise but what if… ” Your mind then fills in the blank with many alternate scenarios, almost all of them negative.
It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic. It causes you to suffer through events that may not even happen as you try to predict the future and work out how you’ll cope with all these possible(yet unlikely)scenarios. But the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking though, is that it tries to convince you it’s helping. You tell yourself that you’re just preparing yourself, you’re protecting yourself. But “what if…” thinking rarely leads to taking practical, preventative actions. Instead, you torture yourself by imagining all sorts of terrible outcomes, all in the name of being “prepared”, the idea of which is captured beautifully by this quote: “Do not be fooled by ‘what if…’ thinking! You are not a fortune teller. Even if you were, mentally rehearsing how you’ll cope with a negative outcome has limited usefulness. You’re much better off just coping with the situation once when it happens.” By torturing yourself imagining all the possible bad things that could happen, you end up living through all these horrible possibilities that you don’t have to.
Even if you do get it right, and one of the negative scenarios is the outcome, you’re unlikely to remember your well-rehearsed comeback or safety strategy in the heat of the moment.
Another separate problem with “what if… ” thinking is that it makes you so fearful of all these potentially hideous outcomes that it stops you from actually living through the situation, if you can at all avoid it.
By stopping yourself from acting, not only do you cut off the potential benefits of actually asking, but you also cut off the opportunity to see that your predictions were wrong—because you don’t test them out by entering the situation regardless. Unchallenged like this, “What if…” thinking seems like it actually protects you and seems even more “helpful” next time around.
Once you’ve decided on a course of action, “what if…” has got much louder and soon will stop you from taking action. I like to not give them an opportunity. Once you’ve made a decision, force your own hand: make the phone call straight away, enroll and pay for the course, make an appointment in your calendar, etc. before your fears and negativity even get a chance to get up off the couch.
40. What is “what if…” thinking
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What is the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
“What if…” thinking actually protects one because it cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Briefly introduce one of your experiences of fighting “what if…” thinking.(In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. “What if... ”thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic.
41. The absolute worst thing about “what if…”thinking is that it tries to convince you it’s helping.
42. “What if...” thinking actually protects one because it cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong.
According to the passage, “What if...” thinking cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong is not protecting one, instead it stops one from taking action.
43. I recently decided to play tennis, but disturbing thoughts occurred immediately-what if I couldn’t follow the pace; what if I had no sense of it However, I forced my own hands to take up the racket and got to the court with my friends. To my great delight and surprise, I got the chance to see my predictions were wrong.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一 篇说明文。说明了“如果……怎么办 ”这种想法产生的原因及其带来的负面影响。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段““What if… ” thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. (“如果……怎么样”的想法是随时你试图猜测你所采取的行动的未来结果)”和第二段的“It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic.(它是一种强大的结合，专注于消极和不现实。)”可知“what if…？”thinking的含义是随时你试图猜测你所采取的行动的未来结果，是一种强大的结合，专注于消极和不现实。故答案为：“What if... ”thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“But the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking though, is that it tries to convince you it’s helping. (但是，“如果……怎么样？”的想法最糟糕的是，它试图让你相信它是有帮助的。)”可知关于“如果……怎么样？”的想法最糟糕的事情是它试图说服你这样做是有帮助的。故答案为：The absolute worst thing about “what if…”thinking is that it tries to convince you it’s helping.
42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“By stopping yourself from acting, not only do you cut off the potential benefits of actually asking, but you also cut off the opportunity to see that your predictions were wrong —because you don’t test them out by entering the situation regardless. (通过阻止自己采取行动，你不仅切断了实际要求的潜在好处，而且还切断了看到你的预测是错误的机会——因为你没有通过不顾一切地进入情境来测试它们。)和“‘What if…’thinking seems like it actually protects you and seems even more ‘helpful’ next time around. Once you’ve decided on a course of action,‘What if…’thinking has got much louder and soon will stop you from taking action. I like to not give them an opportunity. (“如果……怎么样”的想法似乎实际上是在保护你，而且下次似乎更有“帮助”。一旦你决定采取行动，“如果……怎么样”的声音就会越来越大，很快就会阻止你采取行动。我不想给他们机会。)可知“如果……怎么样”并不能真正保护一个人且不是真的有帮助的。故答案为：“What if...” thinking actually protects one because it cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong. According to the passage, “What if...” thinking cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong is not protecting one, instead it stops one from taking action.
【43题详解】
开放回答题。答案不唯一，表述合理即可。答案可为：I recently decided to play tennis, but disturbing thoughts occurred immediately-what if I couldn’t follow the pace; what if I had no sense of it However, I forced my own hands to take up the racket and got to the court with my friends. To my great delight and surprise, I got the chance to see my predictions were wrong.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学英语配音社团团长李华。你正在策划新学期第一次社团活动，请你给你校英国交换生Jim写一封信，内容包括：
1.请他对活动内容或形式提建议;
2.邀请他参加。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：配音dubbing
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How time flies! The new semester will soon start, so will our activities in our English Dubbing Club. I am writing to inquire if you have any suggestions to make the first club gathering impressive.
What form do you think would be enjoyable and what activities do you think we should have I do hope the first session can light club members’ passion for movie dubbing so that they can be more active in the new term. I would also like to extend an invitation for you to participate in the club activity as a showcase performer. Your talent in voice acting would be a wonderful addition to our club’s demonstration, and I’m sure that our members would appreciate the opportunity to learn from you.
I look forward to hearing your thoughts on the club 's plans and to seeing you at our upcoming event.
Yours
LiHua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学英语配音社团团长李华。你正在策划新学期第一次社团活动，请你给你校英国交换生Jim写一封信，内容包括：1.请他对活动内容或形式提建议；2.邀请他参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→advice
有趣的：enjoyable→fun/interesting
参加：participate in→take part in
极好的：wonderful→brilliant
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m sure that our members would appreciate the opportunity to learn from you.
拓展句：I’m sure that our members would appreciate the opportunity which you give us to learn from you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to inquire if you have any suggestions to make the first club gathering impressive.（运用了if引导宾语从句，不定式作定语）
【高分句型2】I do hope the first session can light club members’ passion for movie dubbing so that they can be more active in the new term.（运用了省略了that的宾语从句，so that引导状语从句）2023—2024学年北京市新高三入学定位考试
英语
本试卷共13页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was an ordinary summer afternoon when I first found out about my grandpa’s ____1____ garden.
That day, after school, instead of walking straight home, I decided to visit my grandpa, who lived just a few blocks away.
When I got there, I saw the front door was slightly open. I pushed it open but found nobody. Curiosity and ____2____ mixed within me as I ventured inside and noticed the backdoor wide open, leading to a path I’d never ____3____ before. There it was—a breathtaking garden, filled with flowers of all shapes and colors, greenery stretching out as far as my eyes could see. I walked ____4____, marveling at the beautiful spectacle. Suddenly, I heard a rustling sound from a nearby bush, followed by a soft and familiar voice.
“I didn’t ____5____ you to find this place, my dear,” my grandpa said, emerging from behind the green leaves with a broad smile, holding a watering can.
____6____ by the beauty of the garden, I just stood there, taking in the view. After what felt like forever, I asked, “Grandpa, why didn’t you tell me about this place ”
He shrugged and replied, “I wanted it to be a ____7____, something you could discover on your own. It’s more special that way, don’t you think ”
Since that day, we would spend hours in the garden, tending to the flowers, sharing stories, and enjoying each other’s ____8____. That garden, which I discovered ____9____, became our playground, a haven of peace in the midst of our bustling city lives.
Looking back now, I realize that the greatest thing I found in that garden was not the beautiful scenery, but the precious memories and _____10_____ I built with my grandpa.
1. A. tiny B. secret C. romantic D. natural
2. A. concern B. relaxation C. delight D. excitement
3. A. appreciated B. doubted C. noticed D. recognized
4. A. home B. back C. away D. further
5. A. expect B. hope C. allow D. tell
6. A. Disturbed B. Overwhelmed C. Angered D. Amused
7. A. mystery B. gift C. challenge D. wonder
8. A. garden B. company C. greeting D. memories
9. A. as usual B. in particular C. on purpose D. by chance
10. A. peace B. balance C. bond D. trust
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources ____11____ a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gap s in the ____12____(exist) research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic. A good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources—it analyzes, synthesizes(综合), and ____13____(critical)evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject.
B
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Swedish students generally welcome AI tools in education, but 62% consider using chatbots in exams as cheating. However, the boundaries of cheating with AI remain uncertain. This result ____14____(show)in a survey from Chalmers University of Technology. The study, the first of its kind ____15____(investigate)students’ attitudes towards AI in education has gathered crucial information and presented the results in an overview report. The researchers hope the survey’s findings will empower students ____16____ help them get a better understanding of AI’s role in learning.
C
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Rachel had always been fascinated with the mysteries of the sea. She dreamed of exploring the ____17____(deep)of it and discovering unknown creatures. Her obsession intensified when she discovered an old map in her grandfather’s attic(顶楼), which showed a place marked “hidden treasure”. Ignoring ____18____ her mother had warned, she started a small-boat adventure. After hours of searching with no luck, a friendly giant octopus appeared, guiding her to a secret cave ____19____ she found treasures beyond her wildest dreams. From this experience, Rachel ____20____(know)that the bravest seekers often find the greatest treasures.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Stargazing Festivals in 2023
As more areas grow brighter with light pollution national parks across the country have become dark-sky havens. Over the years, they are making a push to get certified as havens for sky-watching by the International Dark Sky Association, and they even host events like stargazing festivals to get travelers excited about astronomy.
·Bryce Canyon National Park—June 14-17
Situated in southern Utah, Bryce Canyon earned its dark-sky title in 2019. The35, 835-acre park is an ideal place to stay up late. This year, its annual astronomy festival includes guided stargazing sessions, lectures and “star stories” presentations, family-friendly activities, and even a performance by strings musicians in the northern Arizona-based Dark Sky Quartet.
·Shenandoah National Park—August 11-13
Conveniently located within a day’s drive from two-thirds of Americans, Shenandoah National Park’s night sky festival is a low-lift way to dabble in astronomy. The nearly 200,000-acre park will host ranger talks, public stargazing sessions, lectures, presentations, and activities for kids. Staffers are still working on this year’s full schedule, but past events have covered topics ranging from space weather to nocturnal(夜间的) creatures.
·Great Basin National Park—September 14-16
Great Basin is one of the least crowded national parks, making it the perfect place to quietly appreciate the mysteries of the cosmos. Its annual astronomy festival is scheduled for this fall and includes guest speakers, constellation talks, observatory tours, and a photography workshop. During the festival’s unique “Art in the Dark” program, participants will get to paint in low-light conditions and experiment with how their eyes perceive color.
·Joshua Tree National Park—October 13-14
Joshua Tree National Park, as the International Dark Sky Association notes, is the “nearest convenient place to go stargazing under a relatively dark sky” for the18 million people who live in the Los Angeles area. It became an official dark sky park in 2017, and each year, it hosts a night sky festival in the fall. As luck would have it, this year’s dates overlap with an annular “ring of fire” solar eclipse. From Joshua Tree, the moon will appear to obscure between 70 and 80 percent of the sun.
21. What is the purpose of Stargazing Festivals
A. To raise public interest in astronomy.
B. To call for action against light pollution.
C. To provide a platform to observe stars.
D. To collect money for more observatories.
22 Where should you go if you want to experience working in low-light conditions
A. Bryce Canyon National Park. B. Shenandoah National Park.
C. Great Basin National Park. D. Joshua Tree National Park.
23. What might be a bonus to visitors to Joshua Tree National Park during the festivals
A. An observatory tour. B. A photography workshop.
C. A stargazing tour. D. A solar eclipse.
B
Horseback Riding
Fourth-grader Maliah McCaster strolled into her classroom at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary School in New York, holding a toy pony.
In just a few hours, she would board a school bus alongside her classmates and head out for a morning of horseback riding. The weekly activity comes through a partnership with Victoria Acres Equine Facility in Guilderland, which offers a therapeutic riding program to empower individuals with disabilities.
Special education teacher Morgan Grimm said the activity, which takes place twice a week, has allowed Maliah, who has autism, to connect with others and enjoy a learning environment outside of a traditional classroom.
“She’s a super sensory girl. On the days that we’re not here, she’s seeking a lot more attention and her behaviors are a bit increased. But on the days we come back from the farm, she’s a lot calmer,” Grimm said. “We’re seeing an increase in her making sentences and her overall language.”
The 10-year-old is one of four students with autism who are participating in the pilot program, officially launched at the Guilderland farm earlier in the spring. They recently had their fourth riding session.
Victoria Acres, founded in 2012, provides more than 2,300 riding lessons and therapies every year. The recent addition of an indoor riding facility has allowed the nonprofit to expand its programs year-round, providing an average of 48 lessons per afternoon.
Despite the busy schedule, the farm pays extra attention to the health and well-being of its eight therapy horses, ensuring each animal participates in a maximum of three half-hour sessions each day. Many of the animals are older, which makes them especially suitable for therapy due to their gentle, calm nature.
Like other nonverbal students, Avery uses a “tap-tap” motion to signal the horse to move forward. His feet barely reach the stirrups, but he looks at ease and confident as he rocks back and forth atop the gentle giant.
“He looks like a cowboy,” said Kristin Munrett, principal of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary.
As the children explored the property with their support staff, pointing at the donkeys and watching the horses graze, it was clear why the executive director of the nonprofit, Erin Pashley, called it her happy place.
24. According to the passage, the horseback riding program is designed to .
A. cure children’s physical disabilities
B. develop children’s interest in learning
C. treat children’s communication disorder
D. promote children’s relationship with animals
25. Besides offering lessons, the Victoria Acres Equine Facility also values .
A. the state of animals on the farm
B. the training of the working staff
C. the build-up of children’s character
D. the feedback of the trained children
26. How did the children feel while they were on horseback
A. Afraid but proud. B. Relaxed and confident.
C. Nervous but happy. D. Calm and concentrated.
27. What can we learn from the passage
A. Freedom is the key to self-confidence.
B. Love is to growth what water is to seeds.
C. Passion is the greatest mentor worldwide.
D. Diligence and perseverance lead to success.
C
Research from the University of Pennsylvania has shown that social media users are likely to share posts that contain information that they feel is relevant to themselves or to the people they know. In other words, people share posts that they believe to have value—either to themselves or to their relationships with others.
A new study has found that merely encouraging people to consider the value led to increased activity in the areas of the brain associated with sharing decisions and increased a person’s motivation to share an article.
“A lot of prior research on what makes posts go viral has focused on identifying the characteristics of messages that are shared often or not shared often,” says lead author Christin Scholz. “We’re looking at the neural mechanisms of sharing decisions. Targeting those mechanisms could be a way to encourage the spread of high-quality health information.”
During the study, led by senior author Emily Falk, participants were instructed to consider sharing articles about healthy living from The New York Times while their brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Inside the fMRI scanner, participants were asked to think about sharing an article with a specific goal in mind: to either “help somebody”(use the article to relate positively to others)or to “describe yourself”(use the article to present yourself positively to others). As a control, participants were assigned the neutral “to spread information” goal.
“In all areas of life, people want to present themselves in a positive light or to relate positively to others,” Scholz says. “Our method encourages people to identify ways in which they can fulfill these motives through the sharing of health articles. If they are successful, they should be more likely to decide to share the article.”
After reading the headline and summary of a health-related article, participants were asked to consider what they might say or write to another study participant if they were to share the article with them, keeping in mind their assigned goal. Finally, participants rated their likelihood to share the article in real life.
Thinking about sharing in terms of how it might help someone else not only increased activation in brain regions associated with self-related thinking, value-related thinking, and social-related thinking(particularly mentalizing—the act of imagining what others are thinking), but also increased a person’s self-reported willingness to share an article.
“I think we’re only scratching the surface in terms of how you could encourage people to share high-quality health information,” Scholz says. “A health communicator might want to focus on being accurate and clear and not have to worry about whether their content is emotional to get clicks. We’re trying to find ways to focus on the would-be sharer, to help them find personal meaning in sharing content that can benefit others and society.”
28. The purpose of Christin Scholz’s study is to .
A. make her posts go viral on the Internet
B. encourage the spread of health information
C. identify the characteristics of shared messages
D. find out why people decide to share information
29. According to the passage, which is more likely to be shared
A. An article that is accurate and organized.
B. An article contains information about brains.
C. An article that might be useful for some friends.
D. An article that contains debate-triggering information.
30. What can we learn from the passage
A. Most people tend to share posts when they are asked to.
B. People share healthy information to build positive self-images.
C. Researchers well understand how to encourage information sharing.
D. Deciding whether to share a post or not affects the activation inside our brain.
D
In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.
Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media Who can we trust How about experts—people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers(阻碍)our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world.
Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attention-grabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way.
Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively.
It saves a lot of time to think like this. You can have opinions and answers without having to learn about a problem from scratch and you can get on with using your brain for other tasks. But it’s not so useful if you like to understand the world. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn’t fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality.
Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. I have been wrong about the world so many times. Sometimes, coming up against reality is what helps me see my mistakes, but often it is talking to, and trying to understand, someone with different ideas.
If this means you don’t have time to form so many opinions, so what Wouldn’t you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong
31. What does the underlined word “allure” in Para.2 probably mean
A. Temptation. B. Tradition. C. Convenience. D. Consequence.
32. Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage
A. They meet people’s demand for high efficiency.
B. They generate a sense of complete understanding.
C. They are raised and supported by multiple experts.
D. They reflect the opinions of like-minded individuals.
33. What will the author probably agree with
A. Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains.
B. Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness.
C. A well-founded opinion counts more than many shallow ones.
D. People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views.
34. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A. Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity
B. Simplifying Information: Enhancing Comprehension
C. Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships
D. Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A Way Out of Social Anxiety: Volunteering and Acts of Kindness
As a socially anxious introvert, I can attest(证明)to the benefits of serving others through volunteering in my community.
A volunteer job doesn’t need to require stepping into a busy room full of 100 people at a school or hospital. ____35____ This kind of work is much more suitable and agreeable for introverts.
____36____ When I help elders or people with disabilities who are more isolated and lonelier than I am, I feel my nervousness and self-consciousness disappear. My social awkwardness loses its grip on me when I’m focused on helping someone else rather than myself or my social performance. Unlike showing up at a job interview, business meeting, or speaking engagement, working as a volunteer with people in need takes the spotlight away from being measured or judged. ____37____
Social scientists have an apt name for stressful social situations where we need to perform and would likely be judged or evaluated. The “social-evaluative threat” is particularly threatening for people with social anxiety as stress hormones rapidly increase. Any time we are in evaluative situations where we are judged by others, we face this social-evaluative threat and endure a sudden rush of stress hormones that increase anxiety. ____38____ Yet when we are in situations where we are offering casual acts of kindness or nurturing others we tend to feel less threatened or judged by others. Helping others and sharing simple acts of kindness does not pose such a social-evaluative threat, but instead, calms and soothes us. Neuroscientists have studied the warm glow of doing good that makes us feel good.
“Kindness may help socially anxious people,” says Dr. Lynn Alden, a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia. ____39____ She found that acts of kindness may help to counter the socially anxious person’s fear of negative evaluation by promoting more positive perceptions and expectations of how other people will respond.
A. Some people are naturally reserved while others are rather outgoing.
B. In social anxiety disorder, fear and anxiety lead to avoidance which can disrupt our life.
C. Indeed, my own act of kindness has always been a sure bet to bring me out of my shell.
D. Instead, my volunteer service consists of quiet one-on-one visits with isolated older adults.
E. When I am giving my free time to help others I feel truly liberated in my mission to serve.
F. High-performance events such as public speaking or job interviews can be really unbearable.
G She and her colleagues conducted a study with 115 undergraduate students who had reported high levels of social anxiety.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
“What if… ” thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. For example, “I want to ask for a pay raise but what if… ” Your mind then fills in the blank with many alternate scenarios, almost all of them negative.
It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic. It causes you to suffer through events that may not even happen as you try to predict the future and work out how you’ll cope with all these possible(yet unlikely)scenarios. But the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking though, is that it tries to convince you it’s helping. You tell yourself that you’re just preparing yourself, you’re protecting yourself. But “what if…” thinking rarely leads to taking practical, preventative actions. Instead, you torture yourself by imagining all sorts of terrible outcomes, all in the name of being “prepared”, the idea of which is captured beautifully by this quote: “Do not be fooled by ‘what if…’ thinking! You are not a fortune teller. Even if you were, mentally rehearsing how you’ll cope with a negative outcome has limited usefulness. You’re much better off just coping with the situation once when it happens.” By torturing yourself imagining all the possible bad things that could happen, you end up living through all these horrible possibilities that you don’t have to.
Even if you do get it right, and one of the negative scenarios is the outcome, you’re unlikely to remember your well-rehearsed comeback or safety strategy in the heat of the moment.
Another separate problem with “what if… ” thinking is that it makes you so fearful of all these potentially hideous outcomes that it stops you from actually living through the situation, if you can at all avoid it.
By stopping yourself from acting, not only do you cut off the potential benefits of actually asking, but you also cut off the opportunity to see that your predictions were wrong—because you don’t test them out by entering the situation regardless. Unchallenged like this, “What if…” thinking seems like it actually protects you and seems even more “helpful” next time around.
Once you’ve decided on a course of action “what if…” has got much louder and soon will stop you from taking action. I like to not give them an opportunity. Once you’ve made a decision, force your own hand: make the phone call straight away, enroll and pay for the course, make an appointment in your calendar, etc. before your fears and negativity even get a chance to get up off the couch.
40. What is “what if…” thinking
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What is the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
“What if…” thinking actually protects one because it cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Briefly introduce one of your experiences of fighting “what if…” thinking.(In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学英语配音社团团长李华。你正在策划新学期第一次社团活动，请你给你校英国交换生Jim写一封信，内容包括：
1.请他对活动内容或形式提建议;
2.邀请他参加。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：配音dubbing
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
