三明一中2023-2024学年第一学期开学考试
高二英语试题
本试卷共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1、答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号和座位号填写在答题卡上，将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2、作答选择题时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁;考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which animal is in the field
A. A cow. B. A horse. C. A sheep.
2. Who got a promotion
A. Liza. B. Emily. C. Henry.
3. What did Tim dislike about his last job
A. Facing dangers on the road trips.
B. Working by a very noisy garage.
C. Being away from home for long.
4. Why couldn’t the man understand the woman’s aunt
A. She speaks in sign language.
B. She speaks with an odd accent.
C. She speaks a different language.
5. What should the man’s son do according to the woman
A. Spend more time studying.
B. Take pictures of his friends.
C. Become a member of a club.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1 .5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读每个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What happened to the boy in the basketball match
A. He injured his leg.
B. He failed to score the ball.
C. He left the match half way.
7. Why was the boy disappointed
A. His team lost the match.
B. He performed badly in the match.
C. His teammates didn’t treat him as a hero.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. At what price was The Scream sold
A. 82.5 million dollar. B. 106.5 million dollars. C. 119.9 million dollars.
9. What does the woman say about the paintings
A. Their commercial value always changes.
B. They’re becoming more valuable than before.
C. They get much appreciation from personal collectors.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至13四个小题。
10. Where does the conversation take place probably
A. In a shop. B. On the phone. C. In an apartment.
11. What needs to be dealt with first
A. The switch. B. The fridge. C. The water heater.
12. What’s wrong with the gas water heater
A. It can’t be used. B. Its seal is broken. C. It is out of order sometimes.
13. When will the Agency send people to solve the problems
A Next Tuesday. B. This Tuesday. C. Next Thursday.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至17四个小题。
14. What does the man think his parents will buy him
A. A T-shirt. B. A pair of trainers. C. A pair of sunglasses.
15. Who went to pick up the speakers’ parents
A. Their neighbor. B. Their grandpa. C. Their grandma.
16. Which room will the man clean
A. The bedrooms. B. The bathroom. C. The living room.
17. What will the speakers have to do in the kitchen
A. Clean the floor. B. Wash the dishes. C. Fill the fridge.
听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。
18. What percentage of seniors in the UK would talk with three people a week at most
A. Over 20%. B. Just 26%. C. About 55%.
19. What were more than half of seniors afraid of
A. Leaving their homes. B. Taking early retirement. C. Parting from their children.
20. What did the survey of 2,000 British aged 16-45 show
A. One-third of them wanted to help seniors.
B. 30% of them felt too shy to talk with seniors.
C. A minority of them worried about their elder years.
第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Female journalists who changed the world
Helen Thomas
Helen was a White House reporter who had a front row seat of history as she interviewed ten American presidents across her career. She was praised for her cruel drive, with one White House press secretary describing her questioning as torture(拷问). Her refusal to hide her strong opinions, even when asking questions to a president, made her one of the best-known journalists in Washington and a rule in her field.
Marie Colvin
The passionate and award-winning American journalist Marie Colvin worked as a foreign reporter at The Sunday Times from 1985 until she died in February 2012, while covering the Siege of Homs(霍姆斯的围攻) in Syria. Marie crossed into Syria on the back of a motorcycle, ignoring the Syrian government’s attempt to prevent foreign journalists from entering the country.
Mary Garber
In 1946, sports journalism was a man's job where female sports writers weren't allowed to enter press boxes. Mary Garber changed that by paving the way for female sports writers. She first covered high school sports and then reported on college athletics. In June 2005, she became the first woman to receive the Associated Press Sports Editors' Red Smith Award, presented annually since 1981 for major contributions to sports journalism.
Ann Leslie
Few reporters have filed stories from more than 70 countries, but British journalist Ann Leslie is considered a unique force in journalism. Because the 73-year-old woman has witnessed and reported on some of the most significant events of the late 20th century. She was there when the Berlin Wall came down, and she lost her shoes in the crush waiting for Nelson Mandela's release.
1. What do we know about Helen from Paragraph 1
A. She made friends with ten American presidents.
B. She liked to make her strong opinions known.
C. She often got into trouble due to her questions.
D. She was regarded as the best journalist in America.
2. From Paragraph 2 we can infer that Marie Colvin .
A. was a very brave woman
B. enjoyed riding a motorcycle
C. was awarded by the Syrian government
D. was killed by the Syrian government
3. Who opens the door for women sports reporters
A. Helen Thomas. B. Marie Colvin. C. Mary Garber. D. Ann Leslie.
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
C
Alan Mathison Turing was born in England in 1912. Like many talents who go on to great things, Turing showed his incredible intelligence from a very young age. In fact, by the time he was halfway through primary school, Turing’s teachers had already realized he was a mathematical genius. He could do complex calculating in his head even though he had never been taught about it.
Fortunately, Turing was the opposite of Hawking, and he absolutely loved school. Proof of this is the extreme lengths he would go just to get to class. For example, on one occasion when there was a train strike, Turing even cycled 60 miles to attend. Now that’s devotion!
However, in spite of Turing’s scholarly attitude and his obvious genius, his teachers had their concerns about his future. This is because well-known schools in Britain like the ones Turing attended regarded the Classics, such as Latin and Greek as the most important, not subjects like maths and science. Turing’s proud teachers even wrote letters to his parents asking them to convince the young man to focus more on the Classics. Imagine how different the world might be if the young Turing had listened to his teachers! Thankfully, his love for all things scientific and mathematical meant there was no chance of that.
After finishing secondary school, Turing completed a degree in mathematics at King’s College Cambridge, and then obtained his PhD from Princeton University in the USA. It was during these university years that he invented the Turing Machine, which is considered by many people to be the earliest version of a computer processing unit. It sounds unbelievable that anybody could have invented something which was similar to a computer in 1936. But that just shows how far ahead of his time Alan Turing was, even when he was still a young man.
8. What can be inferred about Turing according to paragraphs 1-2
A. He maintained interest in the Classics.
B. He rejected attending famous schools.
C. He showed a strong desire for schooling.
D. He ignored parents’ advice on course selection.
9. What does the writer think of the Turing Machine
A He argues it’s still limited in many functions.
B. He thinks it’s influential in computer history.
C. He doubts if it is truly invented by a young man.
D. He considers the construction of such machines impossible.
10. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To indicate the link between genius and success.
B. To illustrate the invention of the Turing Machine.
C. To stress the impact of teachers’ guidance on Turing’s life.
D. To introduce Turing’s genius, scholarly attitude and achievement.
11. What does Turing’s story tell us
A. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
B. Ordinary people hope, while talented people create.
C. Contented with little, yet wishing for more.
D. Chances favor the minds that are prepared.
D
ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.
The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.
“We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.”
ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that.
Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books.
However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools.
12. What is the unique feature of ChatGPT
A. It has artificial intelligence. B. It can answer users’ questions.
C. It has the largest number of users. D. It can engage in meaningful conversations.
13. What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics
A. Its capability of information processing. B. Its accurate information.
C. Its availability of up-to-date data. D. Its vast body of questions.
14. Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it
A. ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B. ChatGPT lacks creativity.
C. ChatGPT offers illogical information. D. ChatGPT is not properly trained.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT
A. Favorable. B. Disapproving. C. Objective. D. Intolerant.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Research from Harvard University’s Wyss Institute have made “robotic shorts” that can help people use less energy when they walk or run.
____16____ A motor on the user’s back pulls cables connected to the laps.
In the past, such devices have focused only on helping people walk or run, but not both, since walking and running use different hip (臀部) movements. But a computer on the shorts can tell which way the user is moving,____17____
The researchers found that the main benefit of the shorts was reducing the energy people needed to walk or run. In tests, the energy needed for walking was reduced by 9.3 percent.____18____Less energy was needed both on flat ground and on hills.
The researchers said that while the shorts weigh about 5 kilograms, moving with them makes users feel lighter. The tests showed that a person walking with the device would feel 4 kilograms lighter,____19____
The team now also wants to make the device itself 40 percent lighter. They hope the shorts can help people in danger of injury at work and those who want to improve their physical performance,____20____ Conor Walsh, who helped lead the study, says he hopes such devices will be available to everyone in the future.
A. as well as those with disabilities.
B. Are you eager to possess such kind of shorts
C. and someone running would feel 5.7 kilograms lighter.
D. For running, people needed about 4 percent less energy.
E. but those excellent athletes are also able to benefit from running.
F. The shorts are made of soft material and are designed to be easy to move in.
G. allowing the device to provide the right kind of assistance for both movements.
第三部分：语言运用(共三节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A teenager from New York has invented a low-cost tool to spot elephant poachers (偷猎者) in real time.
Anika Puri, 17, won the 2022 Peggy Scripps Award for Science Communication for her model of a machine-learning-driven software that____21____ movement patterns in thermal infrared (热红外线) videos of humans and elephants.
“I’m very excited by the____22____ focusing on endangered species and environmental science,” Puri said.
During a recent trip to India, Puri realized that elephants were still being____23____ for their tusks.“I was quite shocked.” Puri said. “Because I always thought. ‘Well, poaching is____24____ : how come it really is still such a big____25____ ”
Over the next two years, Puri____26____ the software EISa (short for elephant savior). This wildlife poacher detection solution is based on a____27____ process: an EISa camera attached to an iPhone____28____ over a park on a drone (无人机) and____29____ the movements of elephants or humans.
Puri says the software is four times more____30____ than existing state-of-the-art detection methods. It also removes the____31____ for expensive high-resolution (高分辨率的) thermal cameras.
The 17-year-old’s invention has earned ____32____ from notable scientists. “Puri’s software is quts admirable”, says Jasper Eikelboom, an ecologist. “It’s quite____33____ that a senior high school student has been able to____34____ such a solution like this. Not only the research and the analysis but also being able to____35____ it in the models.”
21. A. changes B. repeats C. analyzes D. encounters
22. A. theory B. invention C. intention D. discovery
23. A. killed B. raised C. protected D. defeated
24. A. common B. foolish C. typical D. illegal
25. A. issue B. relief C. burden D. responsibility
26 A. sold B. created C. obtained D. downloaded
27. A. cheap B. secure C. simple D. gradual
28. A. flies B. flows C. jumps D. spreads
29. A. directs B. detects C. guides D. prevents
30. A. costly B. complex C. accurate D. scientific
31. A. need B. trouble C. difference D. preference
32. A. income B. praise C. argument D. confidence
33. A. crucial B. abnormal C. beneficial D. remarkable
34. A. make up B. take up C. put up with D. come up with
35. A. hide B. absorb C. apply D. evaluate
第II卷
第三部分: 语言运用
第二节 单句填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10 分)
根据句意，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. Tu Youyou, a ________ and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China. (commit) (所给词的适当形式填空)
37. __________ (use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. （所给单词适当形式填空）
38. It is indeed an honor for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine _______(spread) around the world. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39. In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day that________ (automatic) controls just everything in our home. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
40. Today, we have to use________ (switch) for our lights and knobs for our appliances. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
41. Many different groups of people around the world live happily in the________ (absent) of new technology. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
42. Better not hang out with Sam then. He________ (work) on his critical article. (用所给词适当形式填空)
43. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists________ the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria.(用适当的词填空)
44. Your light will come on _________ instant you enter the door of your smart home. (用适当的词填空)
45. Nevertheless, it will take some years ___________ most new homes begin to use this new technology.(用适当的词填空)
第三节 语篇填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
So rapidly does the technology develop that no one can predict what may happen in the future. The number of 5G users in China has reached 20 percent, which leaves the people in the world____46____(amaze). In China, operators are quick to provide constant nationwide coverage, ____47____ (ensure) users a consistent experience. They also offer flexible service packages that delivers a beneficial result for both users and____48____ (they).
High-quality 5G networks____49____ (drive) rapid growth of mobile data traffic so far, according to Ding Yun, Huawei’s executive director. As is estimated, the average data traffic per user per month will reach 600 GB by 2030. As a consequence____50____this, the energy consumption of wireless networks will____51____ (definite) increase a lot of energy efficiency of existing networks remains unchanged. However, it is confirmed that Huawei has offered a comprehensive range of products and measures, ____52____will deal with the power consumption issues of wireless networks.
Huawei has already employed low-carbon____53____ (strategy) in more than 100 countries, including Saudi Arabia, Greece, Pakistan and Switzerland, helping operators reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 40 million tons. As____54____important player in the communications industry, Huawei will continue to put green development at the center of everything it does and develop innovative ways to build_____55_____ (green) 5G networks worldwide than before.
第四部分: 写作(共两节，满分 30分)
第一节 英汉互译(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10 分)
56. They tested 380 ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.(英译汉)
57. It was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. (英译汉)
58. Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. (英译汉)
59. 他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。(汉译英)
60. 从这个意义上说，明日之家已经是今日之家。(汉译英)
第二节 书面表达(满分20分)
61. 假定你是青年学者李华，获悉(穿越回2015年)屠呦呦刚刚获得了本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。请你给这位伟大的科学家写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺(钦佩);
2. 陈述理由(感悟)。
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
可能用到的词汇：malaria 疟疾;artemisinin 青蒿素
Dear Miss Tu,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
听力答案：1-5: ABCBC 6-10: ACCAB 11-15: BCAAB 16-20: BCAAB三明一中2023-2024学年第一学期开学考试
高二英语试题
本试卷共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1、答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号和座位号填写在答题卡上，将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2、作答选择题时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁;考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which animal is in the field
A. A cow. B. A horse. C. A sheep.
2. Who got a promotion
A. Liza. B. Emily. C. Henry.
3. What did Tim dislike about his last job
A. Facing dangers on the road trips.
B. Working by a very noisy garage.
C. Being away from home for long.
4. Why couldn’t the man understand the woman’s aunt
A. She speaks in sign language.
B. She speaks with an odd accent.
C. She speaks a different language.
5. What should the man’s son do according to the woman
A. Spend more time studying.
B. Take pictures of his friends.
C. Become a member of a club.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1 .5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读每个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What happened to the boy in the basketball match
A. He injured his leg.
B. He failed to score the ball.
C. He left the match half way.
7. Why was the boy disappointed
A. His team lost the match.
B. He performed badly in the match.
C. His teammates didn’t treat him as a hero.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. At what price was The Scream sold
A. 82.5 million dollar. B. 106.5 million dollars. C. 119.9 million dollars.
9. What does the woman say about the paintings
A. Their commercial value always changes.
B. They’re becoming more valuable than before.
C. They get much appreciation from personal collectors.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至13四个小题。
10. Where does the conversation take place probably
A. In a shop. B. On the phone. C. In an apartment.
11. What needs to be dealt with first
A. The switch. B. The fridge. C. The water heater.
12. What’s wrong with the gas water heater
A. It can’t be used. B. Its seal is broken. C. It is out of order sometimes.
13. When will the Agency send people to solve the problems
A. Next Tuesday. B. This Tuesday. C. Next Thursday.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至17四个小题。
14 What does the man think his parents will buy him
A. A T-shirt. B. A pair of trainers. C. A pair of sunglasses.
15. Who went to pick up the speakers’ parents
A. Their neighbor. B. Their grandpa. C. Their grandma.
16. Which room will the man clean
A. The bedrooms. B. The bathroom. C. The living room.
17. What will the speakers have to do in the kitchen
A. Clean the floor. B. Wash the dishes. C. Fill the fridge.
听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。
18. What percentage of seniors in the UK would talk with three people a week at most
A. Over 20%. B. Just 26%. C. About 55%.
19. What were more than half of seniors afraid of
A. Leaving their homes. B. Taking early retirement. C. Parting from their children.
20. What did the survey of 2,000 British aged 16-45 show
A. One-third of them wanted to help seniors.
B. 30% of them felt too shy to talk with seniors.
C. A minority of them worried about their elder years.
第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Female journalists who changed the world
Helen Thomas
Helen was a White House reporter who had a front row seat of history as she interviewed ten American presidents across her career. She was praised for her cruel drive, with one White House press secretary describing her questioning as torture(拷问). Her refusal to hide her strong opinions, even when asking questions to a president, made her one of the best-known journalists in Washington and a rule in her field.
Marie Colvin
The passionate and award-winning American journalist Marie Colvin worked as a foreign reporter at The Sunday Times from 1985 until she died in February 2012, while covering the Siege of Homs(霍姆斯的围攻) in Syria. Marie crossed into Syria on the back of a motorcycle, ignoring the Syrian government’s attempt to prevent foreign journalists from entering the country.
Mary Garber
In 1946, sports journalism was a man's job where female sports writers weren't allowed to enter press boxes. Mary Garber changed that by paving the way for female sports writers. She first covered high school sports and then reported on college athletics. In June 2005, she became the first woman to receive the Associated Press Sports Editors' Red Smith Award, presented annually since 1981 for major contributions to sports journalism.
Ann Leslie
Few reporters have filed stories from more than 70 countries, but British journalist Ann Leslie is considered a unique force in journalism. Because the 73-year-old woman has witnessed and reported on some of the most significant events of the late 20th century. She was there when the Berlin Wall came down, and she lost her shoes in the crush waiting for Nelson Mandela's release.
1. What do we know about Helen from Paragraph 1
A. She made friends with ten American presidents.
B. She liked to make her strong opinions known.
C. She often got into trouble due to her questions.
D. She was regarded as the best journalist in America.
2. From Paragraph 2 we can infer that Marie Colvin .
A. was a very brave woman
B. enjoyed riding a motorcycle
C. was awarded by the Syrian government
D. was killed by the Syrian government
3. Who opens the door for women sports reporters
A. Helen Thomas. B. Marie Colvin. C. Mary Garber. D. Ann Leslie.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位改变世界的女记者和她们的贡献。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Her refusal to hide her strong opinions, even when asking questions to a president, made her one of the best-known journalists in Washington and a rule in her field”（她拒绝隐藏自己强烈的观点，甚至在向总统提问时也不例外，这使她成为华盛顿最知名的记者之一，并成为她所在领域的一条规则）可知，海伦不隐藏自己的观点，是华盛顿最有名的记者之一。故选B项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Marie crossed into Syria on the back of a motorcycle, ignoring the Syrian government’s attempt to prevent foreign journalists from entering the country”（玛利不顾叙利亚政府阻止外国记者进入该国的企图，骑着一辆摩托车进入叙利亚）可知，玛利不管叙利亚政府的阻止，骑着一辆摩托车进入叙利亚。由此推知，玛利非常勇敢。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1946, sports journalism was a man's job where female sports writers weren't allowed to enter press boxes. Mary Garber changed that by paving the way for female sports writers. She first covered high school sports and then reported on college athletics”（1946年，体育新闻还是男性的工作，女性体育记者不允许进入记者席。玛丽·加伯(Mary Garber)为女性体育记者铺平了道路，从而改变了这种状况。她首先报道了高中体育，然后报道了大学体育）可知，玛丽·加伯打开了女体育记者的大门。故选C项。
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6 What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
【点睛】
C
Alan Mathison Turing was born in England in 1912. Like many talents who go on to great things, Turing showed his incredible intelligence from a very young age. In fact, by the time he was halfway through primary school, Turing’s teachers had already realized he was a mathematical genius. He could do complex calculating in his head even though he had never been taught about it.
Fortunately, Turing was the opposite of Hawking, and he absolutely loved school. Proof of this is the extreme lengths he would go just to get to class. For example, on one occasion when there was a train strike, Turing even cycled 60 miles to attend. Now that’s devotion!
However, in spite of Turing’s scholarly attitude and his obvious genius, his teachers had their concerns about his future. This is because well-known schools in Britain like the ones Turing attended regarded the Classics, such as Latin and Greek as the most important, not subjects like maths and science. Turing’s proud teachers even wrote letters to his parents asking them to convince the young man to focus more on the Classics. Imagine how different the world might be if the young Turing had listened to his teachers! Thankfully, his love for all things scientific and mathematical meant there was no chance of that.
After finishing secondary school, Turing completed a degree in mathematics at King’s College Cambridge, and then obtained his PhD from Princeton University in the USA. It was during these university years that he invented the Turing Machine, which is considered by many people to be the earliest version of a computer processing unit. It sounds unbelievable that anybody could have invented something which was similar to a computer in 1936. But that just shows how far ahead of his time Alan Turing was, even when he was still a young man.
8. What can be inferred about Turing according to paragraphs 1-2
A. He maintained interest in the Classics.
B. He rejected attending famous schools.
C. He showed a strong desire for schooling.
D. He ignored parents’ advice on course selection.
9. What does the writer think of the Turing Machine
A. He argues it’s still limited in many functions.
B. He thinks it’s influential in computer history.
C. He doubts if it is truly invented by a young man.
D. He considers the construction of such machines impossible.
10. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To indicate the link between genius and success.
B. To illustrate the invention of the Turing Machine.
C. To stress the impact of teachers’ guidance on Turing’s life.
D. To introduce Turing’s genius, scholarly attitude and achievement.
11. What does Turing’s story tell us
A. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
B. Ordinary people hope, while talented people create.
C. Contented with little, yet wishing for more.
D. Chances favor the minds that are prepared.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了英国的艾伦·马西森·图灵的天才，学术态度和成就。图灵的故事告诉我们：没有热情成就不了伟业。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Fortunately, Turing was the opposite of Hawking, and he absolutely loved school. Proof of this is the extreme lengths he would go just to get to class. For example, on one occasion when there was a train strike, Turing even cycled 60 miles to attend. Now that’s devotion!”（幸运的是，图灵和霍金截然相反，他非常热爱学校。证明这一点的证据是，他为了去上课不惜付出极大的努力。例如，有一次火车罢工，图灵甚至骑了60英里去参加。这是奉献!）推知，他表现出上学的强烈愿望。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It sounds unbelievable that anybody could have invented something which was similar to a computer in 1936. But that just shows how far ahead of his time Alan Turing was, even when he was still a young man.”（在1936年，居然有人能发明出类似于计算机的东西，这听起来令人难以置信。但这恰恰说明了艾伦·图灵在他的时代是多么的超前，甚至在他还年轻的时候）推知，作者认为这在计算机历史上很有影响力。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其根据第一段“Alan Mathison Turing was born in England in 1912. Like many talents who go on to great things, Turing showed his incredible intelligence from a very young age. ”（1912年，艾伦·马西森·图灵出生于英国。像许多有才华的人一样，图灵在很小的时候就显示出了惊人的智慧）以及第三段“However, in spite of Turing’s scholarly attitude and his obvious genius, ”（然而，尽管图灵的学术态度和他明显的天才）以及最后一段“It was during these university years that he invented the Turing Machine, which is considered by many people to be the earliest version of a computer processing unit.”（正是在大学期间，他发明了图灵机，这被许多人认为是计算机处理单元的最早版本）可知，本文写作目的是介绍图灵的天才，学术态度和成就。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Fortunately, Turing was the opposite of Hawking, and he absolutely loved school. Proof of this is the extreme lengths he would go just to get to class. For example, on one occasion when there was a train strike, Turing even cycled 60 miles to attend. Now that’s devotion!”（幸运的是，图灵和霍金截然相反，他非常热爱学校。证明这一点的证据是，他为了去上课不惜付出极大的努力。例如，有一次火车罢工，图灵甚至骑了60英里去参加。这是热爱!）以及最后一段“It sounds unbelievable that anybody could have invented something which was similar to a computer in 1936. But that just shows how far ahead of his time Alan Turing was, even when he was still a young man.”（在1936年，居然有人能发明出类似于计算机的东西，这听起来令人难以置信。但这恰恰说明了艾伦·图灵在他的时代是多么的超前，甚至在他还年轻的时候）可知，图灵的故事告诉我们：没有热情成就不了伟业。故选A。
D
ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.
The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.
“We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.”
ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that.
Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books.
However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools.
12. What is the unique feature of ChatGPT
A. It has artificial intelligence. B. It can answer users’ questions.
C. It has the largest number of users. D. It can engage in meaningful conversations.
13. What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics
A. Its capability of information processing. B. Its accurate information.
C. Its availability of up-to-date data. D. Its vast body of questions.
14. Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it
A. ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B. ChatGPT lacks creativity.
C. ChatGPT offers illogical information. D. ChatGPT is not properly trained.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT
A. Favorable. B. Disapproving. C. Objective. D. Intolerant.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT，介绍了其特点、存在的问题以及人们对ChatGPT的看法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.(它对用户问题提供深入解答的能力甚至引起了知名科技公司的注意)”以及第二段中“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense.(这个智能机器人能理解用户所说或键入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应)”可知，ChatGPT的独特之处是它可以参与有意义的对话。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.(这个智能机器人能理解用户所说或键入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应。它的大量知识来自互联网和存档书籍。它由人类进一步训练。这使得ChatGPT成为研究几乎任何主题的有用工具)”可知，信息处理能力使ChatGPT有助于研究各种主题。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021.(ChatGPT不能独立思考。这取决于它所接受的训练信息。因此，人工智能工具可以很好地处理有准确数据的事情。然而，当不确定时，ChatGPT可能会变得有创意，并给出不正确的回答。OpenAI提醒用户，无论这些信息听起来多么符合逻辑，都要检查。此外，ChatGPT的信息培训只进行到2021年)”可知，ChatGPT用户在使用时必须谨慎因为ChatGPT本身无法思考。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“ChatGPT cannot think on its own.(ChatGPT不能独立思考)”；第五段“Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. (专家认为ChatGPT在解决现实问题方面具有无限潜力)”以及最后一段“However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. (然而，教育工作者对ChatGPT的反应不一)”可推知，作者主要列举了其他人对ChatGPT的看法，没有提到自己对ChatGPT的态度，故对ChatGPT是客观态度。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Research from Harvard University’s Wyss Institute have made “robotic shorts” that can help people use less energy when they walk or run.
____16____ A motor on the user’s back pulls cables connected to the laps.
In the past, such devices have focused only on helping people walk or run, but not both, since walking and running use different hip (臀部) movements. But a computer on the shorts can tell which way the user is moving,____17____
The researchers found that the main benefit of the shorts was reducing the energy people needed to walk or run. In tests, the energy needed for walking was reduced by 9.3 percent.____18____Less energy was needed both on flat ground and on hills.
The researchers said that while the shorts weigh about 5 kilograms, moving with them makes users feel lighter. The tests showed that a person walking with the device would feel 4 kilograms lighter,____19____
The team now also wants to make the device itself 40 percent lighter. They hope the shorts can help people in danger of injury at work and those who want to improve their physical performance,____20____ Conor Walsh, who helped lead the study, says he hopes such devices will be available to everyone in the future.
A. as well as those with disabilities.
B. Are you eager to possess such kind of shorts
C. and someone running would feel 5.7 kilograms lighter.
D. For running, people needed about 4 percent less energy.
E. but those excellent athletes are also able to benefit from running.
F. The shorts are made of soft material and are designed to be easy to move in.
G. allowing the device to provide the right kind of assistance for both movements.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了哈佛大学威斯研究所的研究人员已经制造出了“机器人短裤”，可以帮助人们在走路或跑步时消耗更少的能量。文章介绍了这种短裤的优点和适用人群。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Research from Harvard University’s Wyss Institute have made “robotic shorts” that can help people use less energy when they walk or run.(哈佛大学威斯研究所的研究人员已经制造出了“机器人短裤”，可以帮助人们在走路或跑步时消耗更少的能量)”以及后文“A motor on the user’s back pulls cables connected to the laps.(使用者背部的马达拉动连接到圈上的电缆)”可知，本句主要承接上文，说明短裤的制作情况。故F选项“短裤是由柔软的材料制成的，设计得很容易移动”符合语境，故选F。
【17题详解】
根据上文“In the past, such devices have focused only on helping people walk or run, but not both, since walking and running use different hip (臀部) movements. But a computer on the shorts can tell which way the user is moving(在过去，这种设备只专注于帮助人们走路或跑步，而不是同时帮助人们走路和跑步，因为走路和跑步使用不同的髋关节运动。但是短裤上的电脑可以判断使用者的移动方向)”可知，上文提到过去这种设备不是同时帮助人们走路和跑步，结合but表示转折，说明如今这种短裤可以为两种运动提供适当的辅助，故G选项“允许设备为两种运动提供适当的辅助”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文“The researchers found that the main benefit of the shorts was reducing the energy people needed to walk or run. In tests, the energy needed for walking was reduced by 9.3 percent.(研究人员发现，短裤的主要好处是减少了人们走路或跑步所需的能量。在测试中，行走所需的能量减少了9.3%)”以及后文“Less energy was needed both on flat ground and on hills.(在平地和山上所需的能量都更少)”可知，短裤让人们运动需要的能量更少，故D选项“对于跑步，人们需要的能量减少了4%”符合语境，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据上文“The researchers said that while the shorts weigh about 5 kilograms, moving with them makes users feel lighter. The tests showed that a person walking with the device would feel 4 kilograms lighter(研究人员表示，虽然短裤重约5公斤，但穿着它运动会让使用者感觉更轻。测试表明，佩戴该设备行走的人会感觉轻了4公斤)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文说明使用短裤的人感觉重量轻的情况，C选项中lighter对应上文lighter。故C选项“跑步的人会感觉轻了5.7公斤”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“They hope the shorts can help people in danger of injury at work and those who want to improve their physical performance(他们希望这种短裤可以帮助那些在工作中有受伤危险的人，以及那些想要提高身体表现的人)”以及后文“Conor Walsh, who helped lead the study, says he hopes such devices will be available to everyone in the future.(帮助领导这项研究的康纳·沃尔什表示，他希望未来每个人都能使用这种设备)”可知，上文提到短裤可以帮助那些在工作中有受伤危险的人，以及那些想要提高身体表现的人，故本句主要是在说明短裤的适用人群，故A选项“残疾人也一样”符合语境，故选A。
第三部分：语言运用(共三节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A teenager from New York has invented a low-cost tool to spot elephant poachers (偷猎者) in real time.
Anika Puri, 17, won the 2022 Peggy Scripps Award for Science Communication for her model of a machine-learning-driven software that____21____ movement patterns in thermal infrared (热红外线) videos of humans and elephants.
“I’m very excited by the____22____ focusing on endangered species and environmental science,” Puri said.
During a recent trip to India, Puri realized that elephants were still being____23____ for their tusks.“I was quite shocked.” Puri said. “Because I always thought. ‘Well, poaching is____24____ : how come it really is still such a big____25____ ”
Over the next two years, Puri____26____ the software EISa (short for elephant savior). This wildlife poacher detection solution is based on a____27____ process: an EISa camera attached to an iPhone____28____ over a park on a drone (无人机) and____29____ the movements of elephants or humans.
Puri says the software is four times more____30____ than existing state-of-the-art detection methods. It also removes the____31____ for expensive high-resolution (高分辨率的) thermal cameras.
The 17-year-old’s invention has earned ____32____ from notable scientists. “Puri’s software is quts admirable”, says Jasper Eikelboom, an ecologist. “It’s quite____33____ that a senior high school student has been able to____34____ such a solution like this. Not only the research and the analysis but also being able to____35____ it in the models.”
21. A. changes B. repeats C. analyzes D. encounters
22. A. theory B. invention C. intention D. discovery
23. A. killed B. raised C. protected D. defeated
24. A. common B. foolish C. typical D. illegal
25. A. issue B. relief C. burden D. responsibility
26. A. sold B. created C. obtained D. downloaded
27. A. cheap B. secure C. simple D. gradual
28. A. flies B. flows C. jumps D. spreads
29. A. directs B. detects C. guides D. prevents
30. A. costly B. complex C. accurate D. scientific
31. A. need B. trouble C. difference D. preference
32. A. income B. praise C. argument D. confidence
33. A. crucial B. abnormal C. beneficial D. remarkable
34. A. make up B. take up C. put up with D. come up with
35. A. hide B. absorb C. apply D. evaluate
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了17岁的青少年Anika Puri发明了软件模型Elsa——一种低成本的可以实时发现大象偷猎者的工具。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：17岁的Anika Puri因其机器学习驱动的软件模型而获得2022年佩吉·斯克里普斯科学传播奖，该软件可以分析人类和大象的热红外视频中的运动模式。A. changes改变；B. repeats重复；C. analyzes分析；D. encounters遭遇。根据后文“movement patterns in thermal infrared videos of humans and elephants”指这种软件通过分析人类和大象的热红外视频中的运动模式来发现偷猎者。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我对这项专注于濒危物种和环境科学的发明感到特别兴奋”Puri说。A. theory理论；B. invention发明；C. intention意图；D. discovery发现。根据第一句“A 17-year-old teenager, Anika Puri, has invented a low-cost tool to spot elephant poachers in real time.(17岁的青少年Anika Puri发明了一种低成本的工具，可以实时发现大象偷猎者)”和最后一段的“the 17-year -old’s invention”可知，Puri发明了Elsa这一软件。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次印度之行中，Puri意识到大象仍在被杀害以获取象牙。A. killed杀；B. raised抚养；C. protected保护；D. defeated打败。根据空格后的“for their tusks”以及她发明这种软件是为了阻止偷猎，可知大象被猎杀。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我很吃惊，” Puri说，“因为我一直认为，嗯，偷猎是非法的；为什么这仍然是一个大问题？”A. common共同的；B. foolish愚蠢的；C. typical典型的；D. illegal非法的。根据上文的“During a recent trip to India, Puri realized that elephants were still being 3 for their tusks.”和空格前的poaching(偷猎)可知，猎杀大象是违法的。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我很吃惊，”Puri说，“因为我一直认为，嗯，偷猎是非法的；为什么这仍然是一个大问题？”A. issue问题；B. relief安慰；C. burden负担；D. responsibility责任。根据上一句“Well, poaching is____4____ : how come it really is still such a big”可知，猎杀大象是违法的，但还是在被杀害获取象牙，所以Puri不理解，这为什么仍然是一个大问题。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两年里，Puri创建了软件EISa（elephant savior的缩写）。A. sold卖；B. created创造；C. obtained获得；D. downloaded下载。根据第一句“A 17-year-old teenager, Anika Puri, has invented a low-cost tool to spot elephant poachers in real time.(17岁的青少年Anika Puri发明了一种低成本的工具，可以实时发现大象偷猎者)”和最后一段的“the 17-year -old’s invention”可知，Puri肯定是发明创造了这一软件。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种野生动物偷猎者探测解决方案基于一个简单的过程：连接在手机上的EISa摄像头通过无人机在公园上空飞行，探测大象或人类的活动。A. cheap便宜的；B. secure安全的；C. simple简单的；D. gradual逐渐的。根据下文的解释“an EISa camera attached to an iPhone flies over a park on a drone and detects the movements of elephants or humans.(连接在手机上的EISa摄像头通过无人机在公园上空飞行，探测大象或人类的活动)”可知，这种利用Elsa发现偷猎者的过程是很简单的。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种野生动物偷猎者探测解决方案基于一个简单的过程：连接在手机上的EISa摄像头通过无人机在公园上空飞行，探测大象或人类的活动。A. flies飞；B. flows流动；C. jumps跳跃；D. spreads传播。根据后文呢“over a park on a drone”可知，EISa摄像头通过无人机在公园上空飞行，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种野生动物偷猎者探测解决方案基于一个简单的过程：连接在手机上的EISa摄像头通过无人机在公园上空飞行，探测大象或人类的活动。A. directs指导；B. detects探测；C. guides指导；D. prevents阻止。Elsa的作用是发现偷猎者，所以它的摄像头一定是探测大象或人类的活动。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该软件比现有的最先进的检测方法精确四倍。A. costly贵的；B. complex复杂的；C. accurate准确的；D. scientific科学的。根据后文“than existing state-of-the-art detection methods”以及下一段的“Puri’s software is quite admirable”可知，在把两种软件进行比较，Puri的软件比现有的最先进的检测方法精确四倍。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它还减少了对昂贵的高分辨率热像仪的需求。A. need需要；B. trouble麻烦；C. difference差异；D. preference偏爱。根据上一句“The software is four times more…than existing state-of-the-art detection methods.”可知，Puri的软件比现有的最先进的检测方法精确四倍，这当然就不需要那些昂贵的高分辨率热像仪了。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位17岁少年的发明赢得了著名科学家的赞誉。A. income收入；B. praise赞美；C. argument争论；D. confidence信心。根据下文“Puri’s software is quite admirable(Puri的软件非常令人钦佩)”可知，Puri赢得了科学家的称赞。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个高中生能够想出这样的解决方案，这是非常了不起的。A. crucial重要的；B. abnormal反常的；C. beneficial有益的；D. remarkable非凡的。根据上文“Puri’s software is quite admirable(Puri的软件非常令人钦佩)”下文的“a senior high school student has been able to 14 something like this”可知，一个高中生能够做到这样的事情肯定是非常了不起的。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个高中生能够想出这样的解决方案，这是非常了不起的。A. make up弥补；B. take up开始从事；C. put up with忍受；D. come up with提出。根据后文“such a solution”此处指提出解决偷猎的解决方案，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅是研究和分析，而且能够将其应用到模型中。A. hide隐藏；B. absorb吸收；C. apply应用；D. evaluate评估。根据空格前的“Not only the research and the analysis, but also...”中not only…but also表示“不仅……而且……”可知，Puri的发明不仅仅是研究和分析，而是能应用到具体的模式中。故选C。
第II卷
第三部分: 语言运用
第二节 单句填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10 分)
根据句意，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. Tu Youyou, a ________ and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China. (commit) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】committed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦是一位坚定的和有耐心的科学家，她出生于中国宁波。分析可知此处用形容词修饰名词scientist，且和形容词patient构成并列关系。形容词committed，意为“坚定的”，故填committed。
37. __________ (use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. （所给单词适当形式填空）
【答案】Using
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：用较低的温度提取提取物，她发现了一种有效的物质。观察题干可知，横线前面的部分为句子的时间状语，与“she found a substance that worked”同时发生，且逻辑主语she与动词use之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填Using。
38. It is indeed an honor for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine _______(spread) around the world. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be spread
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的科学研究和中医药能够传播到世界各地，确实是一种荣誉。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“It is+n./adj.+for sb. to do sth.”，意为“做某事对某人来说是……”，句中“It”为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语，“spread”意为“传播”，动词词性，“China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine”与“spread”之间为被动关系，故空格处应用不定式的被动语态“to be done”，“spread”的过去分词还是“spread”。故填to be spread。
39. In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day that________ (automatic) controls just everything in our home. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】automatically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：在未来，我们将每天使用先进的技术，自动控制家里的一切。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，修饰动词controls，作状语。故填automatically。
40. Today, we have to use________ (switch) for our lights and knobs for our appliances. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】switches
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：今天，我们的灯要用开关，电器要用旋钮。switch为可数名词，根据后文lights可知数量大于一应用复数形式。故填switches。
41. Many different groups of people around the world live happily in the________ (absent) of new technology. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：世界上许多不同群体的人在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。空格处用名词作宾语，absent的名词是absence，是不可数名词，意为“不在，缺席”。故填absence。
42. Better not hang out with Sam then. He________ (work) on his critical article. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will be working
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：那你最好别和萨姆混在一起。他那时将正在写他的评论文章。根据then可知表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，用将来进行时。故填will be working。
43. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists________ the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：1967年，中国政府组建了一个科学家团队，目的是发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词with，意为“有”，和后面的名词短语the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria构成介词短语，作状语。with the objective of“目标是”。故填with。
44. Your light will come on _________ instant you enter the door of your smart home. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】the
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：你一进入智能家居的大门，你的灯就会亮起。表示“一……就……”应用the instant，引导时间状语从句。故填the。
45. Nevertheless, it will take some years ___________ most new homes begin to use this new technology.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】before
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：然而，大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。根据句意可知此空处为固定句型“it will take …… before…”表示“还需要……才能……”。故填before。
第三节 语篇填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
So rapidly does the technology develop that no one can predict what may happen in the future. The number of 5G users in China has reached 20 percent, which leaves the people in the world____46____(amaze). In China, operators are quick to provide constant nationwide coverage, ____47____ (ensure) users a consistent experience. They also offer flexible service packages that delivers a beneficial result for both users and____48____ (they).
High-quality 5G networks____49____ (drive) rapid growth of mobile data traffic so far, according to Ding Yun, Huawei’s executive director. As is estimated, the average data traffic per user per month will reach 600 GB by 2030. As a consequence____50____this, the energy consumption of wireless networks will____51____ (definite) increase a lot of energy efficiency of existing networks remains unchanged. However, it is confirmed that Huawei has offered a comprehensive range of products and measures, ____52____will deal with the power consumption issues of wireless networks.
Huawei has already employed low-carbon____53____ (strategy) in more than 100 countries, including Saudi Arabia, Greece, Pakistan and Switzerland, helping operators reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 40 million tons. As____54____important player in the communications industry, Huawei will continue to put green development at the center of everything it does and develop innovative ways to build_____55_____ (green) 5G networks worldwide than before.
【答案】46. amazed
47. ensuring
48. themselves
49. have driven
50. of 51. definitely
52. which 53. strategies
54. an 55. greener
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的5G用户数量已经达到了20%，在中国，运营商可以迅速提供持续的全国覆盖，确保用户获得一致的体验。他们还提供灵活的服务包，为用户和他们自己提供有利的结果。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国的5G用户数量已经达到了20%，这让世界人民感到惊讶。此处为leave+宾语+宾补结构，修饰人应用-ed结尾形容词amazed，作宾补。故填amazed。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，运营商可以迅速提供持续的全国覆盖，确保用户获得一致的体验。分析句子结构可知ensure与逻辑主语operators构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填ensuring。
【48题详解】
考查代词。句意：他们还提供灵活的服务包，为用户和他们自己提供有利的结果。此处指运营商他们自己，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
【49题详解】
考查时态。句意：华为执行董事丁云表示，迄今为止，高质量的5G网络推动了移动数据流量的快速增长。根据后文so far可知为现在完成时，主语为High-quality 5G networks，助动词用have。故填have driven。
【50题详解】
考查介词。句意：因此，无线网络的能源消耗肯定会增加很多，而现有网络的能源效率保持不变。表示“因此”短语为as a consequence of。故填of。
51题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，无线网络的能源消耗肯定会增加很多，而现有网络的能源效率保持不变。修饰动词increase应用副词definitely，作状语。故填definitely。
【52题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，可以确认的是，华为已经提供了一系列全面的产品和措施，这些产品和措施将解决无线网络的功耗问题。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是products and measures，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【53题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：华为已经在100多个国家实施了低碳战略，包括沙特阿拉伯、希腊、巴基斯坦和瑞士，帮助运营商减少了4000万吨的二氧化碳排放量。strategy为可数名词，根据后文in more than 100 countries可知，数量大于一应用复数形式。故填strategies。
【54题详解】
考查冠词。句意：作为通信行业的重要参与者，华为将继续把绿色发展作为一切工作的中心，并通过创新的方式在全球范围内建设比以往更绿色的5G网络。player为泛指，且important是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
【55题详解】
考查比较级。句意：作为通信行业的重要参与者，华为将继续把绿色发展作为一切工作的中心，并通过创新的方式在全球范围内建设比以往更绿色的5G网络。根据后文than before可知，应用比较级。故填greener。
第四部分: 写作(共两节，满分 30分)
第一节 英汉互译(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10 分)
56. They tested 380 ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.(英译汉)
【答案】他们测试了380种有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。
【解析】
【详解】考查英译汉。主语为they“他们”；tested 380 ancient Chinese medical treatments表示“测试了380种古代中医疗法”，后跟that引导的定语从句，showed promise in the fight against malaria表示“有望战胜疟疾”。故翻译为：他们测试了380种有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。
57. It was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. (英译汉)
【答案】噩耗传来，爱因斯坦与世长辞，全世界都哀悼一代科学巨星的陨落。
【解析】
【详解】考查英译汉。此处It was reported that表示“据报道”，根据后文从句的内容翻译为“噩耗传来”；Einstein had passed away表示“爱因斯坦与世长辞”；the whole world表示“全世界”，mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist表示“哀悼一代科学巨星的陨落”。故翻译为“噩耗传来，爱因斯坦与世长辞，全世界都哀悼一代科学巨星的陨落”。
58. Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. (英译汉)
【答案】就个人而言，技术进步让我受益匪浅。
【解析】
【详解】考查句式结构。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话是简单的主谓宾结构。Personally，“就个人而言”，副词，作状语；I，“我”，代词，作主语；have benefited from，“已经从…受益”，动词短语的现在完成时形式，作谓语；quite a lot，“相当多”，副词短语，作状语；technological，“技术的”，形容词，作定语；advances，“进步”，名词，作宾语；故翻译为“就个人而言，技术进步让我受益匪浅。”
59. 他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。(汉译英)
【答案】Their project got stuck. However Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。第一句主语为Their project；表示“陷入僵局”短语为get stuck，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时；表示“然而”应用副词however，主语为Tu Youyou；表示“认输”翻译为acknowledge defeat，此处为否定陈述句，would后跟动词原形。故翻译为Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
60. 从这个意义上说，明日之家已经是今日之家。(汉译英)
【答案】In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“从这个意义上说”短语为in this sense；主语“明日之家”翻译为the home of tomorrow；为主系表结构，表示“已经是今日之家”应用be already the home of today。陈述客观事实为一般现在时，主语home是单数，谓语动词用单数。故翻译为In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.
第二节 书面表达(满分20分)
61. 假定你是青年学者李华，获悉(穿越回2015年)屠呦呦刚刚获得了本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。请你给这位伟大的科学家写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺(钦佩);
2. 陈述理由(感悟)。
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
可能用到的词汇：malaria 疟疾;artemisinin 青蒿素
Dear Miss Tu,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Miss Tu,
Upon hearing that you have been awarded this year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, I’m writing to extend my warm congratulations and sincere honour to you.
You deserve the honour! Thanks to your discovery of artemisinin hundreds of thousands of lives have been saved and health of millions of people improved. Without doubt, your success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine and help promote its spread around the world. Personally, I admire your dedication, initiative and team work, from which our younger generation can learn a lot.
Your contribution has made a big difference to the world. Congratulate you again on your achievement!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是青年学者李华，获悉(穿越回2015年)屠呦呦刚刚获得了本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。请你给这位伟大的科学家写一封邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
由于：thanks to→due to
毫无疑问：without doubt→undoubtedly
传统的：traditional→conventional
产生影响：make a big difference to→have an effect on
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Without doubt, your success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine and help promote its spread around the world.
拓展句：Without doubt, not only does your success prove the great value of traditional Chinese medicine, but also it can help promote traditional Chinese medicine spread around the world.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Upon hearing that you have been awarded this year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, I’m writing to extend my warm congratulations and sincere honour to you. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Personally, I admire your dedication, initiative and team work, from which our younger generation can learn a lot. (运用了“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句)
听力答案：1-5: ABCBC 6-10: ACCAB 11-15: BCAAB 16-20: BCAAB
