假期学习反馈与检测
英语
考试时间130分钟；满分150分
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
A
Become a World Ride Ambassador
Are you interested in empowering women around the world through mountain biking Interested in going on a World Ride mountain biking trip Looking to make more connections within your local bike community If so, World Ride is looking for YOU!
For its second year, World Ride is looking to have 20 ambassadors help us spread our mission around the world!
The duties of ambassadors are as follows:
Each ambassador is asked to raise $600 for World Ride over the course of this year
Active on social media and/ or in your bike community and willing to recommend us to your friends, family and followers
Willing to volunteer at / organize World Ride events in your area
Be inclusive of all riders and working on creating an inclusive bike community
Ambassadors can be anyone! We are an organization whose mission is to empower women, but we encourage everyone to apply!
Benefits of being a World Ride ambassador:
Discount codes (码) and prizes from our sponsors(赞助商)
Discounts and possibly goodies(好东西) from World Ride
Discount on one World Ride trip per year
A network of amazing ambassadors from around the world
Ability to meet and plan trips with other ambassadors
Additional notes are below:
We're looking for people who are experienced fundraisers; in your application please include examples of what you have done before for fundraisers. Don't have experience Have no fear! World Ride provides training to ambassadors on how to fundraise!
For fundraising this year, we set up a fundraising rewards system——the more you help us, the more you receive!
Applications are now open The deadline for applying is February 18. Get in touch if you have questions about our ambassador program!
1. What is one responsibility of a World Ride ambassador
A. To raise money for World Ride.
B. To lead a group of 20 followers.
C. To give online courses on bike riding and safety.
D. To organize World Ride events in foreign countries.
2. What will one get out of being a World Ride ambassador
A. Job offers from big companies. B. One World Ride trip at a discount a year.
C Free biking equipment from World Ride. D. Opportunities to enter national competitions.
3. To be a World Ride ambassador, one must ______.
A. be a woman rider B. apply before February 18
C. be an experienced fundraiser D. design a fundraising rewards system
B
As far as I could tell, there was only one problem with this year’s Super Bowl. The Green Bay Packers weren't green. They were blue. And even though I had never before seen a professional football game live and in living color, I had read enough from my subscription to Sports Illustrated to know that the dark jerseys (运动衫) worn by the Green Bay Packers were green, not blue.
“Maybe it's something special they're doing for the Super Bowl,” my dad suggested.
“The colors aren't right, Dad,” I said. “I’m sure of it.”
Eventually Dad agreed. “I'll get a repairman tomorrow,” he said. It was a minor annoyance, but it somehow cast a pall over our enjoyment of the pre-game festivities. This was highly anticipated Super Bowl, and we were watching it on our super new color TV. It was supposed to be super.
Just a few minutes before kickoff, my big brother Bud arrived with Craig, a college friend. Craig looked at the TV for a moment. “I think your tint (色调) is off a little,” he said. He reached behind the set and began feeling around for buttons. Suddenly our color TV was black and white. He reached behind the TV again. He must have found the right button, because a moment later color was restored — and perfected. The Green Bay Packers were in their traditional green and gold uniforms. The field was green, the sky was blue and it was a Super Sunday, indeed.
It amazed me then — and often has since — what a major difference a minor adjustment can make. A well-placed nail or a tweak (拧) of a button from someone who knows what they’re doing can change everything. The same principle holds true in interpersonal matters. While there are some hurts that cannot be easily repaired, it's amazing how often a simple smile, a kind word, or a gentle touch can change our way of thinking, improve our mood, and make everything seem, you know, super.
4 About what did the author disagree with his dad
A. Which channel to watch.
B. Which sports team would win.
C. Whether the colors on the screen were wrong.
D. Whether the players' uniforms were fit for the event.
5. What does the underlined phrase “cast a pall over” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Replaced. B. Witnessed. C. Ensured. D. Damaged.
6 What does the author think of Craig's behavior
A. It took too long. B. It saved much money.
C. It made matters even worse. D. It breathed new life into the show.
7. What does the author intend to tell us
A. Always put yourself in others' shoes. B. It is important to learn basic life skills.
C. A small act can make a big difference. D. Learn to smile through life's imperfections.
C
This will be an important year for pioneers developing electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft (垂直起降飞机), popularly known as flying taxis. Several firms are hoping their craft can obtain the necessary certification in 2023 to start commercial production, getting ready for the first passenger services.
Air taxis generally carry fewer than half a dozen passengers. They land and take off vertically using multiple small rotors (旋翼). With clever software controlling the rotors, they are easier to fly and readily capable of autonomous flight. The plentiful number of rotors also helps with safety, as the aircraft can continue to fly if one or more fail.
Some designs use an extra rotor or two at the back to push the aircraft along during flight. Others, like that produced by Joby Aviation, have rotors like a set of small wings providing lift, making more efficient use of the aircraft's battery and increasing range.
After thinking hard about how to certify(授予专业合格证) these flying machines, regulators(监管者) have been working with developers on safety standards. This is a multi-stage process. Besides obtaining “type” approval, which shows the airworthiness of a new type of aircraft, factories must be certified before production can begin in volume. And an airline-style licence is required if paying passengers are to be panies are working hard to get these approvals. Piloted operations are expected to be approved before autonomous flights.
In Germany, Volocopter will be flight-testing a family of eVTOLs. The firm is hoping its smallest, the two-seater VoloCity, can be certified in time for the 2024 Olympics in Paris, where the plan is to operate trips between airports and the athletes' village. Other air-taxi firms also hope to provide services in Paris, or at the World Expo, which takes place in Japan in 2025.
8. What can make eVTOL aircraft safer
A. Fewer passengers. B. Smarter software. C. More rotors. D. Smaller wings.
9. What can we say about the certifying process of eVTOL aircraft
A. Efficient. B. Complicated. C. Confusing. D. Creative.
10. What does Volocopter expect of its VoloCity
A. It will defeat air taxis from other firms. B. It will participate in the next World Expo.
C. It will conduct piloted operations in 2025. D. It will provide services for the 2024 Olympics.
11. Which would be the best title for the text
A. The future of transportation B. The development of flying craft
C. A green vehicle takes flight D. The air taxi is coming
D
“Who’s a good reader It’s you, isn’t it ” This is a typical example of “parentese (父母语)”. Recent research suggests that parents speaking parentese to their babies can give their language development a serious boost. In the study, researchers found that teaching parents how to speak proper parentese enhanced their ability to communicate with their babies — and even improved the children’s long-term language skills.
Parentese is distinct from conventional baby talk, which mostly relies on silly sounds and made-up words. In the 1960s, scientists studying speech patterns across different languages noticed a unique style that adults used addressing young children. This language was characterized by simple words and grammar, high pitch (音调) and a much slower speed. The baby-directed speech was first named “motherese” before it was called “parentese”.
Later research showed parentese is grammatically correct, with real words and phrases, which helped babies differentiate between words and process what was being said. “We’ve known for some time that use of parentese is associated with improved language outcomes, but we didn’t know why,” says Patricia K. Kuhl, the study’s senior author. But Kuhl thinks the new research suggests why parentese helps babies learn language skills.
“We now think parentese works because it's a social attraction for the baby brain,” she says. “Its high pitch and slower speed are socially engaging and invite the baby to respond.”
All 71 families in the new study had their children equipped with a special coat with an audio recorder built in. During four separate weekends when the babies were 6, 10, 14 and 18 months old, the researchers recorded all of the interactions between family members and the babies. The 48 families who were randomly selected for a course in parentese learned about ways to include more parentese in conversation.
And even though all of the participating families used some form of parentese at the start of the study, the babies of parents who received coaching showed the most improvements in their conversation skills. Beyond that, those babies had a 100-word vocabulary compared with the control group, who only knew 60 words at 18 months.
12. Which aspect of the study does paragraph 1 focus on
A. Its aim. B. Its result. C. Its procedure. D. Its participants.
13. What did scientists find about parentese in the 1960s
A. It was easy to follow. B. It was unique to mothers.
C. It was full of made-up words. D. It was similar to traditional baby talk.
14. What does Kuhl say about parentese
A. It teaches babies more social skills. B. It inspires babies to speak more.
C. It has short-term effects on babies. D. It helps babies differentiate words and phrases.
15. Which of the following describes the 48 families
A. The parents knew more parentese skills.
B. Their babies grasped 60 words at 18 months.
C. The parents failed to use parentese through the study.
D. Their babies received more coaching on a 100-word vocabulary.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。
If making changes to your weekend routine could improve your productivity and mood through the coming week, would you do it Research says that it can. ____16____ Try a few of these additions to your routine and see how they work for you.
Get plenty of sleep
The importance of sleep to your brain’s health just can’t be overstated. Ideally, you shouldn’t ever be short of sleep, which can affect everything from your mood to your cognitive function. ____17____ You can do this by sleeping late, but you don’t have to. Naps create big brain benefits, and the weekend can be a perfect time for napping .
Get outside
Spending time in nature benefits your brain and your general health. So unless the weather is really bad, plan for some time outdoors. ____18____ A park where you are surrounded by trees and other plants works too.
____19____
When you’re working during the week, it may be hard to spend as much time socializing with friends and family as you might like. So spend some time during the weekend with people you care about most.
Do something fun that’s outside your normal routine
This change requires creativity, but it may be the most enjoyable small change you can make. ____20____. That’s because, when you break out of normal routine, your brain is awake and active. You’ll remember that part of your weekend better, and you’ll face the week with greater energy and creativity.
A. The key is to plan ahead.
B. Spend time with people you like.
C. Think back to the last time you had a small outing.
D. You don’t have to travel to forests: to experience the benefits.
E. It will make your weekends more memorable and enjoyable.
F. The good news is that you don’t have to make huge changes.
G. But if you’ve fallen behind on sleep during the week, use the weekend to catch up.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共四节；满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was cooking dinner when my cell phone rang. My friend Anna called because her car____21____ and her two kids were hungry and tired. She asked if I could go and____22____the kids while she was waiting for the car service.
I asked my husband to____23____cooking dinner and then started my car. As I was driving to my____24____, fog formed and thickened. After picking up the kids, I had to____25____in thick fog.
The children were my responsibility and I couldn’t help but be____26____. I tried to put on a brave front as I drove in almost zero____27____. Soon the fog thickened to the point where I could hardly see and my anxiety began to____28____. I knew I had to pull over, but I couldn’t even see the lines on the road. I drove as____29____as possible, going to the right where I thought the_____30_____might be. I stopped and reached for my phone, only to realize I had left it at home. While I was_____31_____what to do, flashing lights in my rearview mirror (后视镜) caught my attention. It was a huge relief to see a police car getting_____32_____. The police officer asked for my address, _____33_____ me to follow him and guided us home. Before I found time to _____34_____him, he had disappeared into the darkness.
All I could do was be_____35_____in my heart.
21. A. turned around B. sped up C. pulled off D. broke down
22. A. visit B. assess C. fetch D. praise
23. A. put aside B. take over C. pay for D. talk about
24. A. company B. property C. destination D. residence
25. A. drive B. wander C. escape D. check
26. A. patient B. nervous C. polite D. curious
27. A. visibility B. gravity C. effort D. waste
28. A. change B. return C. disappear D. peak
29. A. slowly B. blindly C. directly D. exactly
30. A. shelter B. tree C. shoulder D. light
31. A. learning B. remembering C. wondering D. explaining
32. A. smarter B. brighter C. cleaner D. closer
33. A. forced B. instructed C. promised D. inspired
34. A. persuade B. interview C. thank D. invite
35. A. hopeful B. welcome C. determined D. grateful
第二节 单句语法填空（共10小题, 每小题1分, 满分10分）
根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词的适当形式填空。
36. Defining the carbon cycle on Mars is ________ (absolute) the key to trying to understand how life could fit into that cycle. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37. So far the main thing many large retailers have done in ________ (respond) to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38. ________ (compare) to people living a few generations ago, we have greater opportunities to have a good time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39. Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did ________ he could to assist the Chinese people. (用适当的词填空)
40. A group of old people sat under a big tree, ________ (chat) over a cup of tea. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41. Nobody but Mary and Mike ________ (invite) to attend yesterday's press conference. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42. The measure would make New Zealand the first country ________ (have) farmers pay for emissions from farm animals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43. I find ________ challenging to follow Professor Brown’s lecture because he speaks too fast. (用适当的词填空)
44. “Making cities smarter is one way out, and I think this will ________ turn make cities greener,” said Dan Hill. (用适当的词填空)
45. On the other hand, scientific ________ (theory) cannot be predicted; they must be formulated and confirmed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第三节 语篇填空（共10小题, 每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词的适当形式填空。
The Baihetan hydropower plant, China's second largest hydropower facility on the upstream branch of the Yangtze river, was ____46____ (formal) completed on Tuesday after the last generating unit was connected.
The plant is estimated to generate 62.44 billion kilowatt-hours annually, ____47____ could save about 90 million tons of coal a year and cut annual carbon dioxide emissions (排放) by about 248 million tons.
Baihetan is one of six huge hydropower ____48____ (station) along the Yangtze river, China's longest. The Three Gorges Corporation, the project's developer, has described the 289-meter dam (大坝) and ____49____ (it) associated facilities as one of the country's biggest and ____50____ (challenging) engineering projects.
Construction began in 2017, with a total investment ____51____ (estimate) at 170 billion yuan. As ____52____ major project in China's west-east power transmission (输送) program, it will deliver electricity across the country ____53____ cities in the east.
China goes on ____54____ (construct) hydropower plants in the southwest, despite a long and severe drought in the summer of 2022 that saw generation volumes drop, forcing regions _____55_____ (limit) power consumption.
第四节 单词考查（共20小题, 每小题1分, 满分20分）
根据括号内中文或首字母提示，在下面空格处填入一个符合句子意思和语法结构的词。(请把56-63小题的首字母写到答题卡上，否则0分处理）
56. Currently,many students are a______ to video games, which is very harmful to their growth. (根据首字母单词拼写)
57. The news website u______ the content of its webpages constantly to provide readers with the latest news. (根据首字母单词拼写)
58. They have huge amounts of work to do every day, but they never c______ about the workload. (根据首字母单词拼写)
59. This sunny weather is not t______ of Britain, where it’s usually rainy or cloudy in spring. (根据首字母单词拼写)
60. Sichuan food, f______ the hot taste, is widely welcomed across the country. (根据首字母单词拼写)
61. During the outbreak of Covid-19, many companies adopted f______ working hours to ensure the safety. (根据首字母单词拼写)
62. Every time I saw the old photo, it r______ me of my happy childhood memories. (根据首字母单词拼写)
63. According to Dr. Smith, many d________ can be prevented through regular exercise and a healthy diet. (根据首字母单词拼写)
64. There's also satisfaction which comes from being a ________(志愿者), or just from national pride. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
65. He wrote a very ________ (正式的) letter of apology to Douglas.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
66. We should shoulder the ________(责任）as a group. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
67. To come to China one of the early cradles of ________(文明), has long been my dream and therefore, I fell very honored to be your guest. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
68. The government claims that the law will overcome centuries of exclusion, at last giving the children of the poor ________(平等的) access to education. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
69. For others (me included), the cloud is where we ________(下载) movies and stream television shows.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
70. It’s ________(违法的) to drive a car without a driver’s license. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
71. The theme park you are probably most ________ (熟悉的)with is Disneyland. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
72. The doctor said it was only a slight wound. What a _________(宽慰)！(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
73. He has the ________(潜力)to become a world-class musician. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
74. She felt ________(尴尬的) about undressing in front of the doctor. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
75. You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to ________ (消化). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
第三部分写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
76. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom对中国文化特别感兴趣，希望你能给他一些建议。请你根据以下提示写一封email。
1. 借助电视节目、报刊、中国经典作品了解中国文化；
2. 和中国朋友多沟通。
参考词汇：经典作品classic
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
77. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was my brother's idea. Let's get Mom a pet dog for her birthday. It would make her happy. I thought it was a good idea, as Mom had always wanted to own a dog. By the time our conversation ended, I had my task: find our mother a dog.
After a careful search, I finally found an ad for dogs in a local newspaper. A nearby family had a dog who had just given birth to five male puppies（小狗）！ All had had their first vaccines（疫苗），and would be ready to leave their mom in a few weeks.I gave them a call.
The man who answered the phone listened patiently to my story and set a date for us to meet the dogs.
When the day arrived, I got into my brother's car. We pulled up in front of some houses that sat along a narrow street. As we stepped onto the sidewalk，we were greeted by noisy barks（吠叫声）. Four dogs had positioned themselves on the back of a sofa and were watching us through a large window. We climbed onto the porch(门廊) and rang the doorbell.
A tall man with graying hair and a kind smile opened the door. As I reached to shake his hand, I could see the puppies behind him, running to get to us. Each puppy wore a different color string around his neck.
We met the man's wife, who wore a similar friendly smile and welcomed us to her home. We met the puppies' parents and then set about the business of selecting a friend for our mother. There were four puppies and four visitors; the man handed each of us a dog. Three of the puppies looked up at us with large, curious eyes. The fourth one, who I was holding, began to wiggle excitedly and kiss my face. "Let's take this one! He's the one! Look how lovely he is!" I said. As far as I was concerned, it was a done deal.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My brother wasn't sure and suggested that we take some time to get to know all of them.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Two weeks later, we picked up the dog and hid him around the corner in my mom's living room while she opened her birthday gifts.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________假期学习反馈与检测
英语
考试时间130分钟；满分150分
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
A
Become a World Ride Ambassador
Are you interested in empowering women around the world through mountain biking Interested in going on a World Ride mountain biking trip Looking to make more connections within your local bike community If so, World Ride is looking for YOU!
For its second year, World Ride is looking to have 20 ambassadors help us spread our mission around the world!
The duties of ambassadors are as follows:
Each ambassador is asked to raise $600 for World Ride over the course of this year
Active on social media and/ or in your bike community and willing to recommend us to your friends, family and followers
Willing to volunteer at / organize World Ride events in your area
Be inclusive of all riders and working on creating an inclusive bike community
Ambassadors can be anyone! We are an organization whose mission is to empower women, but we encourage everyone to apply!
Benefits of being a World Ride ambassador:
Discount codes (码) and prizes from our sponsors(赞助商)
Discounts and possibly goodies(好东西) from World Ride
Discount on one World Ride trip per year
A network of amazing ambassadors from around the world
Ability to meet and plan trips with other ambassadors
Additional notes are below:
We're looking for people who are experienced fundraisers; in your application please include examples of what you have done before for fundraisers. Don't have experience Have no fear! World Ride provides training to ambassadors on how to fundraise!
For fundraising this year, we set up a fundraising rewards system——the more you help us, the more you receive!
Applications are now open. The deadline for applying is February 18. Get in touch if you have questions about our ambassador program!
1. What is one responsibility of a World Ride ambassador
A. To raise money for World Ride.
B. To lead a group of 20 followers.
C. To give online courses on bike riding and safety.
D. To organize World Ride events in foreign countries.
2. What will one get out of being a World Ride ambassador
A. Job offers from big companies. B. One World Ride trip at a discount a year.
C. Free biking equipment from World Ride. D. Opportunities to enter national competitions.
3. To be a World Ride ambassador, one must ______.
A. be a woman rider B. apply before February 18
C. be an experienced fundraiser D. design a fundraising rewards system
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章是世界骑行大使的招聘广告。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章The duties of ambassadors are as follows:部分“Each ambassador is asked to raise $600 for World Ride over the course of this year(每位大使被要求在今年为“世界骑行”筹款600美元)”可知，世界骑行大使的责任之一就是为该组织筹款，故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Benefits of being a World Ride ambassador:部分“Discount on one World Ride trip per year(每年一次环球之旅优惠)”可知，世界骑行大使每年可以享受一年一次的世界之旅折扣，故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The deadline for applying is February 18.(申请截止日期为2月18日)”可知，如有意担任世界骑行大使，需要在2月18日之前申请，故选B。
B
As far as I could tell, there was only one problem with this year’s Super Bowl. The Green Bay Packers weren't green. They were blue. And even though I had never before seen a professional football game live and in living color, I had read enough from my subscription to Sports Illustrated to know that the dark jerseys (运动衫) worn by the Green Bay Packers were green, not blue.
“Maybe it's something special they're doing for the Super Bowl,” my dad suggested.
“The colors aren't right, Dad,” I said. “I’m sure of it.”
Eventually Dad agreed. “I'll get a repairman tomorrow,” he said. It was a minor annoyance, but it somehow cast a pall over our enjoyment of the pre-game festivities. This was highly anticipated Super Bowl, and we were watching it on our super new color TV. It was supposed to be super.
Just a few minutes before kickoff, my big brother Bud arrived with Craig, a college friend. Craig looked at the TV for a moment. “I think your tint (色调) is off a little,” he said. He reached behind the set and began feeling around for buttons. Suddenly our color TV was black and white. He reached behind the TV again. He must have found the right button, because a moment later color was restored — and perfected. The Green Bay Packers were in their traditional green and gold uniforms. The field was green, the sky was blue and it was a Super Sunday, indeed.
It amazed me then — and often has since — what a major difference a minor adjustment can make. A well-placed nail or a tweak (拧) of a button from someone who knows what they’re doing can change everything. The same principle holds true in interpersonal matters. While there are some hurts that cannot be easily repaired, it's amazing how often a simple smile, a kind word, or a gentle touch can change our way of thinking, improve our mood, and make everything seem, you know, super.
4. About what did the author disagree with his dad
A. Which channel to watch.
B. Which sports team would win.
C. Whether the colors on the screen were wrong.
D. Whether the players' uniforms were fit for the event.
5. What does the underlined phrase “cast a pall over” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Replaced. B. Witnessed. C. Ensured. D. Damaged.
6. What does the author think of Craig's behavior
A. It took too long. B. It saved much money.
C. It made matters even worse. D. It breathed new life into the show.
7. What does the author intend to tell us
A. Always put yourself in others' shoes. B. It is important to learn basic life skills.
C. A small act can make a big difference. D. Learn to smile through life's imperfections.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在看直播比赛时，发现绿湾包装工队的颜色不对，最后发现使电视调色的问题。在调好颜色后，作者才觉得是舒服的，这让作者悟出一个道理：在生活中，一个小小的调整就能带来巨大的不同。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段““Maybe it’s something special they're doing for the Super Bowl,”my dad suggested. “The colors aren't right, Dad,” I said. “I'm sure of it.”(‘也许这是他们为超级碗所做的特别的事情，’爸爸建议道。‘颜色不对，爸爸。’我说。‘我确信’。)”可知，作者与父亲发生分歧在于屏幕上的颜色是否是错误的，故选C。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线短语cast a pall over前文的内容“This was highly anticipated Super Bowl, and we were watching it on our super new color TV. It was supposed to be super.(这是备受期待的超级碗，我们在我们超新彩色电视上观看。它应该是超级的。)”可知，观看超级碗比赛是备受期待的，但却因为电视出现了问题让我不开心，故此处短语cast a pall over与D项“Damaged破坏”意思相近，破坏了我们赛前的快乐，故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“He must have found the right button, because a moment later color was restored — and perfected. The Green Bay Packers were in their traditional green and gold uniforms. The field was green, the sky was blue and it was a Super Sunday, indeed.(他肯定找到了正确的按钮，因为一会后，颜色就恢复了，完美了。绿湾包装工队穿着传统的绿色和金色制服。田野是绿色的，天空是蓝色的，这确实是一个超级星期天。)”可知，Craig在调整了电视后，作者觉得一切都完美了，颜色也恢复了正常，让作者觉得这一天都很完美，因此作者认为，他的行为给节目注入了新的活力，故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It amazed me then — and often has since — what a major difference a minor adjustment can make.(这让我当时很惊讶，一个小小的调整也能带来巨大的不同。)”可知，作者从这件事上体会到，即使是一个小小的调整，也能给生活带来巨大的不同，这也是作者想要传达给读者的，故选C。
C
This will be an important year for pioneers developing electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft (垂直起降飞机), popularly known as flying taxis. Several firms are hoping their craft can obtain the necessary certification in 2023 to start commercial production, getting ready for the first passenger services.
Air taxis generally carry fewer than half a dozen passengers. They land and take off vertically using multiple small rotors (旋翼). With clever software controlling the rotors, they are easier to fly and readily capable of autonomous flight. The plentiful number of rotors also helps with safety, as the aircraft can continue to fly if one or more fail.
Some designs use an extra rotor or two at the back to push the aircraft along during flight. Others, like that produced by Joby Aviation, have rotors like a set of small wings providing lift, making more efficient use of the aircraft's battery and increasing range.
After thinking hard about how to certify(授予专业合格证) these flying machines, regulators(监管者) have been working with developers on safety standards. This is a multi-stage process. Besides obtaining “type” approval, which shows the airworthiness of a new type of aircraft, factories must be certified before production can begin in volume. And an airline-style licence is required if paying passengers are to be panies are working hard to get these approvals. Piloted operations are expected to be approved before autonomous flights.
In Germany, Volocopter will be flight-testing a family of eVTOLs. The firm is hoping its smallest, the two-seater VoloCity, can be certified in time for the 2024 Olympics in Paris, where the plan is to operate trips between airports and the athletes' village. Other air-taxi firms also hope to provide services in Paris, or at the World Expo, which takes place in Japan in 2025.
8. What can make eVTOL aircraft safer
A. Fewer passengers. B. Smarter software. C. More rotors. D. Smaller wings.
9. What can we say about the certifying process of eVTOL aircraft
A. Efficient. B. Complicated. C. Confusing. D. Creative.
10. What does Volocopter expect of its VoloCity
A. It will defeat air taxis from other firms. B. It will participate in the next World Expo.
C. It will conduct piloted operations in 2025. D. It will provide services for the 2024 Olympics.
11 Which would be the best title for the text
A. The future of transportation B. The development of flying craft
C. A green vehicle takes flight D. The air taxi is coming
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垂直升降飞机，阐述了其现状，并表示有望在两三年内投入服务。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The plentiful number of rotors also helps with safety, as the aircraft can continue to fly if one or more fail.(大量的旋翼也能在安全方面有所帮助，这样的话飞机就能在一个或几个旋翼失效的情况下继续飞行)”可知，对于垂直起降飞机来说，更多的旋翼可以带来安全保障。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“After thinking hard about how to certify(授予专业合格证) these flying machines, regulators(监管者) have been working with developers on safety standards. This is a multi-stage process. Besides obtaining “type” approval, which shows the airworthiness of a new type of aircraft, factories must be certified before production can begin in volume. And an airline-style licence is required if paying passengers are to be carried.(在认真考虑如何给这些飞行器授予专业合格证后，监管者一直在和研发者们一起致力于安全要求。这是一个多阶段的过程。除了获取“类型”许可外，该许可表明了一种新型飞行器的适航性，工厂在量产开始前必须得到专业合格证。如果要搭载已付费的游客，还需要航空执照。)”可知，垂直起降飞机要获得专业合格证，要经历一个多阶段、较为复杂的过程。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“In Germany, Volocopter will be flight-testing a family of eVTOLs. The firm is hoping its smallest, the two-seater VoloCity, can be certified in time for the 2024 Olympics in Paris, where the plan is to operate trips between airports and the athletes' village.(在德国，Volocopter公司将对垂直起降飞机的一员进行飞行测试。该公司希望其最小的两座飞行器VoloCity能在2024巴黎奥运会前及时获准合格，他们计划届时实现在机场和奥运村之间的通航)”可知，Volocopter公司期望其产品VoloCity能在2024年巴黎奥运会上为人们提供飞行服务。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章首句就点出“This will be an important year for pioneers developing electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft (垂直起降飞机), popularly known as flying taxis(这将是对于研发垂直起降飞机先锋们极为重要的一年，通常人们也将其称为空中的士)”，下文对垂直起降飞机进行简单介绍，并阐述了其现状和未来的展望——有望在两三年后为人们提供服务，D选项“空中的士正在来临”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
D
“Who’s a good reader It’s you, isn’t it ” This is a typical example of “parentese (父母语)”. Recent research suggests that parents speaking parentese to their babies can give their language development a serious boost. In the study, researchers found that teaching parents how to speak proper parentese enhanced their ability to communicate with their babies — and even improved the children’s long-term language skills.
Parentese is distinct from conventional baby talk, which mostly relies on silly sounds and made-up words. In the 1960s, scientists studying speech patterns across different languages noticed a unique style that adults used addressing young children. This language was characterized by simple words and grammar, high pitch (音调) and a much slower speed. The baby-directed speech was first named “motherese” before it was called “parentese”.
Later research showed parentese is grammatically correct, with real words and phrases, which helped babies differentiate between words and process what was being said. “We’ve known for some time that use of parentese is associated with improved language outcomes, but we didn’t know why,” says Patricia K. Kuhl, the study’s senior author. But Kuhl thinks the new research suggests why parentese helps babies learn language skills.
“We now think parentese works because it's a social attraction for the baby brain,” she says. “Its high pitch and slower speed are socially engaging and invite the baby to respond.”
All 71 families in the new study had their children equipped with a special coat with an audio recorder built in. During four separate weekends when the babies were 6, 10, 14 and 18 months old, the researchers recorded all of the interactions between family members and the babies. The 48 families who were randomly selected for a course in parentese learned about ways to include more parentese in conversation.
And even though all of the participating families used some form of parentese at the start of the study, the babies of parents who received coaching showed the most improvements in their conversation skills. Beyond that, those babies had a 100-word vocabulary compared with the control group, who only knew 60 words at 18 months.
12. Which aspect of the study does paragraph 1 focus on
A. Its aim. B. Its result. C. Its procedure. D. Its participants.
13. What did scientists find about parentese in the 1960s
A. It was easy to follow. B. It was unique to mothers.
C. It was full of made-up words. D. It was similar to traditional baby talk.
14. What does Kuhl say about parentese
A. It teaches babies more social skills. B. It inspires babies to speak more.
C. It has short-term effects on babies. D. It helps babies differentiate words and phrases.
15. Which of the following describes the 48 families
A. The parents knew more parentese skills.
B. Their babies grasped 60 words at 18 months.
C. The parents failed to use parentese through the study.
D. Their babies received more coaching on a 100-word vocabulary.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了最近的研究表明，父母对婴儿说的父母语有助于婴儿语言的发展。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Recent research suggests that parents speaking parentese to their babies can give their language development a serious boost. In the study, researchers found that teaching parents how to speak proper parentese enhanced their ability to communicate with their babies — and even improved the children's long-term language skills.(最近的研究表明，父母对婴儿说“父母语”能极大地促进他们的语言发展。在这样研究几种，研究人员发现，教父母如何说正确的“父母语”可以增强他们与婴儿沟通的能力，甚至提高孩子的长期语言技能)”可知，文章第一段的研究主要关注的是研究的结果，研究结果表明，教父母如何说正确的“父母语”可以增强他们与婴儿沟通的能力，甚至提高孩子的长期语言技能，故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In the 1960s, scientists studying speech patterns across different languages noticed a unique style that adults used addressing young children. This language was characterized by simple words and grammar, high pitch (音调) and a much slower speed.(在20世纪60年代，研究不同语言言语模式的科学家注意到，成年人对幼儿说话时使用了一种独特的风格。这种语言的特点在于单词和语法简单，音调高，说话速度很慢)”可推知，20世纪60年代，父母对幼儿说的话的特点是单词和语法简单，说话速度慢，故可推知，20世纪60年代的父母语很容易听懂，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段““We now think parentese works because it's a social attraction for the baby brain,” she says. “Its high pitch and slower speed are socially engaging and invite the baby to respond.”(她说道：“我们现在认为父母语很有用是因为它对于婴儿的大脑来说，是一种社会吸引力。它的高音调和慢速度具有社会吸引力，邀请婴儿做出回应。”)”可知，Kuhl认为父母语是有用的，它邀请婴儿积极做出回应，鼓励并刺激婴儿说话，故选B。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The 48 families who were randomly selected for a course in parentese learned about ways to include more parentese in conversation.(随机挑选出来参加父母语课程的48个家庭，了解了如何在谈话中更多地融入父母语)”可知，这48个家庭更加了解父母语，故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。
If making changes to your weekend routine could improve your productivity and mood through the coming week, would you do it Research says that it can. ____16____ Try a few of these additions to your routine and see how they work for you.
Get plenty of sleep
The importance of sleep to your brain’s health just can’t be overstated. Ideally, you shouldn’t ever be short of sleep, which can affect everything from your mood to your cognitive function. ____17____ You can do this by sleeping late, but you don’t have to. Naps create big brain benefits, and the weekend can be a perfect time for napping .
Get outside
Spending time in nature benefits your brain and your general health. So unless the weather is really bad, plan for some time outdoors. ____18____ A park where you are surrounded by trees and other plants works too.
____19____
When you’re working during the week, it may be hard to spend as much time socializing with friends and family as you might like. So spend some time during the weekend with people you care about most.
Do something fun that’s outside your normal routine
This change requires creativity, but it may be the most enjoyable small change you can make. ____20____. That’s because, when you break out of normal routine, your brain is awake and active. You’ll remember that part of your weekend better, and you’ll face the week with greater energy and creativity.
A. The key is to plan ahead.
B. Spend time with people you like.
C. Think back to the last time you had a small outing.
D. You don’t have to travel to forests: to experience the benefits.
E. It will make your weekends more memorable and enjoyable.
F. The good news is that you don’t have to make huge changes.
G. But if you’ve fallen behind on sleep during the week, use the weekend to catch up.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了调整周末生活习惯有助于你在新的一周精力充沛、高效工作。
【16题详解】
根据空前“If making changes to your weekend routine could improve your productivity and mood through the coming week, would you do it Research says that it can.(如果在接下来的一周里，改变你周末的作息习惯可以提高你的工作效率和情绪，你会这么做吗？研究表明可以)”可知，研究表明，调整周末生活习惯可以提高你未来一周的工作效率，改善你的情绪。空后的“Try a few of these additions to your routine and see how they work for you(在你的日常生活中尝试一些新的东西，看看它们对你有什么帮助)”可知，本空内容应与“调整周末生活习惯”有关，F项“好消息是你不必做出巨大的改变。”中的“changes”与上文中的“changes”属于原词复现，且呼应下文中的“a few of these additions to your routine”。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据段落标题“Get plenty of sleep(要有足够的睡眠)”可知，本段的内容应和充足睡眠有关。根据空前“The importance of sleep to your brain’s health just can’t be overstated. Ideally, you shouldn’t ever be short of sleep, which can affect everything from your mood to your cognitive function. (睡眠对大脑健康的重要性怎么强调都不为过。理想情况下，你永远不应该缺少睡眠，因为这会影响你的一切，从情绪到认知功能) ”可知，缺少睡眠，会影响你的一切。空后“You can do this by sleeping late, but you don’t have to. (你可以通过随后睡觉来做到这一点，但是你不必这样做) ”可知，可以通过之后睡觉来补充睡眠不足。因而本空内容应该与睡眠不足有关。G项“但是如果你一周都没有好好睡觉，那就利用周末来补上。”是对上文内容的转折，且符合本段的主旨。其中“fallen behind on sleep”呼应上文中的“short of sleep”。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据本段的主旨句“Get outside(走向户外)”可知，本段建议你去户外接近大自然。结合本空后“A park where you’re surrounded by trees and other plants works too(你被树木和其他植物包围着的公园也会有效果)”可知，公园也可以让你接近大自然。因而空处可以描述亲近大自然的方式，选项D.“你不必去森林：去体验森林带来的好处。”D项中的“forest”与上文中的“outside, nature, outdoors”及下文中的“park”相呼应，“benefits”与上文中的“benefits”属于原词复现。故选D。
【19题详解】
根据下文“When you’re working during the week, it may be hard to spend as much time socializing with friends and family as you might like. So spend some time during the weekend with people you care about most. (当你在工作日工作时，你可能很难花足够的时间与朋友和家人交往。所以在周末花些时间和你最关心的人在一起)”可知，本段建议你周末花些时间与家人、朋友待在一起，B项“花时间和你喜欢的人在一起。”符合本段的主旨。B项中的“people you like”与本段中的“friends and family”和“people you care about most”相呼应。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据空前“This change requires creativity, but it may be the most enjoyable small change you can make. (这种改变需要创造力，但它可能是你能做出的最令人愉快的小改变)”可知，建议你在周末应该做些打破常规的事情。下文“That’s because, when you break out of normal routine, your brain is awake and active.You’ll remember that part of your weekend better, and you’ll face the week with greater energy and creativity. (这是因为，当你打破常规，你的大脑是清醒和活跃的。你会更好地记住周末的那一部分，你会以更大的精力和创造力面对这一周)”解释为什么打破周末常规，因为这有助于你下周高效工作。由此可推断，本空应介绍打破周末常规的好处，E项“这将使你的周末更加难忘和愉快。”符合语境。E项中的“It”指代上文中的“This change，enjoyable”与上文中的“enjoyable”属于原词复现，“memorable”与下文中的“remember that part of your weekend better”相呼应。故选E。
第二部分 英语知识运用（共四节；满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was cooking dinner when my cell phone rang. My friend Anna called because her car____21____ and her two kids were hungry and tired. She asked if I could go and____22____the kids while she was waiting for the car service.
I asked my husband to____23____cooking dinner and then started my car. As I was driving to my____24____, fog formed and thickened. After picking up the kids, I had to____25____in thick fog.
The children were my responsibility and I couldn’t help but be____26____. I tried to put on a brave front as I drove in almost zero____27____. Soon the fog thickened to the point where I could hardly see and my anxiety began to____28____. I knew I had to pull over, but I couldn’t even see the lines on the road. I drove as____29____as possible, going to the right where I thought the_____30_____might be. I stopped and reached for my phone, only to realize I had left it at home. While I was_____31_____what to do, flashing lights in my rearview mirror (后视镜) caught my attention. It was a huge relief to see a police car getting_____32_____. The police officer asked for my address, _____33_____ me to follow him and guided us home. Before I found time to _____34_____him, he had disappeared into the darkness.
All I could do was be_____35_____in my heart.
21. A. turned around B. sped up C. pulled off D. broke down
22. A. visit B. assess C. fetch D. praise
23. A. put aside B. take over C. pay for D. talk about
24. A. company B. property C. destination D. residence
25. A. drive B. wander C. escape D. check
26. A. patient B. nervous C. polite D. curious
27. A. visibility B. gravity C. effort D. waste
28. A. change B. return C. disappear D. peak
29. A. slowly B. blindly C. directly D. exactly
30. A. shelter B. tree C. shoulder D. light
31. A. learning B. remembering C. wondering D. explaining
32. A. smarter B. brighter C. cleaner D. closer
33. A. forced B. instructed C. promised D. inspired
34. A. persuade B. interview C. thank D. invite
35. A. hopeful B. welcome C. determined D. grateful
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者在漆黑的浓雾中接回朋友的孩子们，在一位警察的帮助下顺利到家的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我朋友Anna打电话来，是因为她的车发生了鼓掌，她的两个孩子又饿又累。A. turned around转身；B. sped up加速；C. pulled off完成；D. broke down出故障。根据下文“she was waiting for the car service”可知，她在等修车服务。由此可知，她的车坏了，发生了故障，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她问我能不能在她等修车服务时去接孩子们。A. visit拜访；B. assess评估；C. fetch去接；D. praise称赞。根据前文“My friend Anna called because her car broke down and her two kids were hungry and tired.”可知，朋友安娜打电话来，因为她的车坏了，她的两个孩子又饿又累，因此她问我能不能去接孩子们，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只能让丈夫接手做饭，然后启动了车。A. put aside把……放在一边；B. take over接管；C. pay for支付；D. talk about谈论。根据前文“I was cooking dinner when my cell phone rang.”可知，此时我正在做完饭，但要去接Anna的孩子们，所以只能让丈夫接手做晚饭，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开车去目的地时，雾逐渐变浓了。A. company公司；B. property财产，性质C. destination目的地；D. residence住宅。根据前文“She asked if I could go and____2____the kids while she was waiting for the car service.”可知，此处我开车是去接Anna的孩子们，因为她的车抛锚了，因此我开车前往目的地，也就是安娜所在的位置，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：接到孩子后，我必须在浓雾中开车。A. drive开车；B. wander徘徊；C. escape逃跑；D. check核实。根据下文“I drove as____9____as possible”可知，我开车去接走孩子们，因此不得不在浓雾中开车，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们是我的责任，我禁不住紧张起来。A. patient有耐心的；B. nervous紧张的；C. polite礼貌的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“The children were my responsibility”以及前文“I had to____5____in thick fog.”可知，我在浓雾中开车，但孩子又是我的责任，因此我忍不住紧张起来，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开车进入了能见度几乎为零的地方，我不得不表现得很勇敢。A. visibility能见度；B. gravity重力；C. effort努力；D. waste浪费。根据后文“Soon the fog thickened to the point where I could hardly see”可知，浓雾到达了我几乎看不见的地步，因此是指能见度几乎为零，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，雾变浓了，我几乎看不见了，因此我的焦虑开始达到顶峰。A. change改变；B. return归还；C. disappear消失；D. peak达到顶峰。根据前文“Soon the fog thickened to the point where I could hardly see”可知，很快，雾变浓了，我几乎看不见了，因此我的焦虑开始达到顶峰，故选D。
29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我尽可能慢地开车，开到我认为可能是路肩的地方。A. slowly慢慢地；B. blindly盲目地；C. directly直接地；D. exactly精确地。根据前文“I couldn't even see the lines on the road”可知，我甚至看不到路上的线，因此我尽可能慢地开车，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. shelter避难所；B. tree树；C. shoulder路肩；D. light灯。根据上文“going to the right”以及前文“I knew I had to pull over”可知，我必须靠边停车，因为尽量将车开到我认为是路肩的地方，以便停车，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正在琢磨该怎么办的时候，后视镜的闪光灯吸引了我的注意力。A. learning学会；B. remembering记得；C. wondering琢磨；D. explaining解释。根据前文“I stopped and reached for my phone, only to realize I had left it at home.”可知，我停下车来，发现手机落在家里了，因此我正琢磨该怎么办，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到警车靠近，我送了一口气。A. smarter更聪明的；B. brighter更明亮的；C. cleaner更干净的；D. closer更近的。根据前文“It was a huge relief”可知，我送了一口气，是因为我看到警车越来越近，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察问了我的地址，指示我们跟着他，带领我们回家。A. forced强迫；B. instructed指导，指示；C. promised允诺；D. inspired鼓舞。根据上文“The police officer asked for my address”和后文“guided us home”可知，警察问了我的地址，是是想要领我们回家，故此处指警察指示我跟着他，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还没来得及感谢他，他就消失在黑暗中了。A. persuade说服；B. interview采访；C. thank感激；D. invite邀请。根据前文“The police officer asked for my address, ____13____ me to follow him and guided us home.”可知，警察问了我的地址，让我跟着他，然后领我们回家，因此我想感谢这个警察，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我能做的就是说在心理感恩。A. hopeful有希望的；B. welcome欢迎的；C. determined有决心的；D. grateful感激的。根据前文“Before I found time to ____14____him, he had disappeared into the darkness.”可知，我还没来得及感谢他，他就消失在黑暗中了，因此我所能做的就是在心里感恩，故选D。
第二节 单句语法填空（共10小题, 每小题1分, 满分10分）
根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词的适当形式填空。
36. Defining the carbon cycle on Mars is ________ (absolute) the key to trying to understand how life could fit into that cycle. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absolutely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：确定火星上的碳循环绝对是试图理解生命如何适应这个循环的关键。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用副词做状语修饰整个句子。“absolute”意为“绝对的”其副词形式为“absolutely”。故填absolutely。
37. So far the main thing many large retailers have done in ________ (respond) to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】response
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：到目前为止，许多大型零售商针对这一切所做的主要事情是开设网上商店，这样人们就会直接来找他们。分析句子可知，此处为介词短语in response to“作为回应”，满足句意要求。故填response。
38. ________ (compare) to people living a few generations ago, we have greater opportunities to have a good time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Compared
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与几代人以前的人相比，我们有更多的机会度过美好时光。be compared to (与……相比)，分析可知，句子已有谓语have且无连词，该空用过去分词短语compared to...作状语，首字母大写。故填Compared。
39. Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did ________ he could to assist the Chinese people. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whatever
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：尽管处境艰难，白求恩医生还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。该空引导宾语从句，宾语从句中省略了do，原句为：he could do，从句中缺乏宾语，指事物，意为“任何事物”，用连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
40. A group of old people sat under a big tree, ________ (chat) over a cup of tea. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】chatting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一群老年人坐在大树下，喝茶聊天。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，chat与主语a group of old people之间为主动关系，故此处应用现在分词作状语，故填chatting。
41. Nobody but Mary and Mike ________ (invite) to attend yesterday's press conference. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was invited
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：除了Mary和Mike，没有邀请人来参加昨天的新闻发布会。此处主语为nobody but Mary and Mike，主语还有but连接名词中，谓语动词与but前的名词决定，故此处谓语动词应用单数，且nobody与invite之间为被动关系，且根据时间状语yesterday可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was invited。
42. The measure would make New Zealand the first country ________ (have) farmers pay for emissions from farm animals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to have
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：这项措施将使新西兰成为第一个让农民为农场动物的排放买单的国家。名词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，其后常用不定式作定语，have用不定式形式。故填to have。
43. I find ________ challenging to follow Professor Brown’s lecture because he speaks too fast. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【解析】
【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：我觉得听布朗教授的讲座很有挑战性，因为他讲得太快了。find it +形容词+to do，it是形式宾语，形容词作宾补，不定式是真正宾语。故填it。
44. “Making cities smarter is one way out, and I think this will ________ turn make cities greener,” said Dan Hill. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】in
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：Dan Hill说：“让城市变得更智能一条出路，我认为这将反过来让城市变得更加环保。”根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用介词短语in turn“反之，反过来”。故填in。
45. On the other hand, scientific ________ (theory) cannot be predicted; they must be formulated and confirmed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】theories
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：另一方面，科学理论是无法预测的；它们必须被制定和确认。they指代“科学理论”，用可数名词theory的复数形式作主语。故填theories。
第三节 语篇填空（共10小题, 每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词的适当形式填空。
The Baihetan hydropower plant, China's second largest hydropower facility on the upstream branch of the Yangtze river, was ____46____ (formal) completed on Tuesday after the last generating unit was connected.
The plant is estimated to generate 62.44 billion kilowatt-hours annually, ____47____ could save about 90 million tons of coal a year and cut annual carbon dioxide emissions (排放) by about 248 million tons.
Baihetan is one of six huge hydropower ____48____ (station) along the Yangtze river, China's longest. The Three Gorges Corporation, the project's developer, has described the 289-meter dam (大坝) and ____49____ (it) associated facilities as one of the country's biggest and ____50____ (challenging) engineering projects.
Construction began in 2017, with a total investment ____51____ (estimate) at 170 billion yuan. As ____52____ major project in China's west-east power transmission (输送) program, it will deliver electricity across the country ____53____ cities in the east.
China goes on ____54____ (construct) hydropower plants in the southwest, despite a long and severe drought in the summer of 2022 that saw generation volumes drop, forcing regions _____55_____ (limit) power consumption.
【答案】46. formally
47. which 48. stations
49. its 50. most challenging
51. estimated
52. a 53. to
54. constructing
55. to limit
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了白鹤滩水电站。
【46题详解】
考查副词。句意：白鹤滩水电站是中国长江上游第二大水电站，在最后一台发电机组并网后，于周二正式竣工。此处修饰动词completed，故应用副词“formally正式地”作状语，故填formally。
【47题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据估计，该水电站每年发电624.4亿千瓦，每年可节省约9000万吨煤炭，并减少二氧化碳排放约2.48亿吨。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文“The plant is estimated to generate 62.44 billion kilowatt-hours annually”这件事，且定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
【48题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：白鹤滩是长江流域最长的六座巨型水电站之一。根据空前的one of可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填stations。
【49题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：该项目的开发商，三峡公司将这289米的大坝以及其相关设施称之为国家最大的最有挑战性的项目之一。此处指代前文这一289米的大坝的相关设施，故应用形容词性物主代词“its它的”作定语，故填its。
【50题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：同上。根据空前的biggest可知，此处应用形容词最高级作定语，修饰engineering projects。故填most challenging。
【51题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年开工建设，总投资预估1700亿元。固定结构：with+宾语+宾补，此处作宾补，estimate与其逻辑主语investment之间为被动关系，故此处应用过去分词作宾语，故填estimated。
【52题详解】
考查冠词。句意：作为中国西电东送的一个重大项目，它将全国的电输送到东边的各个城市。此处“project项目”为可数名词，且此处泛指“一个项目”，故应用不定冠词，且major以辅音音素开头，故填a。
【53题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。此处意为“将……送到……”，表达为deliver…to…，故填to。
【54题详解】
考查动名词。句意：尽管2022年夏天发生了长期严重的干旱，发电量下降，迫使各地区限制用电量，但中国仍然在西南地区继续建立发电站。此处意为“坚持做某事”，表达为go on doing…，故此处应用动名词作宾语，故填constructing。
【55题详解】
考查不定式。句意：同上。此处意为“迫使某人做某事”，表达为force sb./sth. to do sth.，故填to limit。
第四节 单词考查（共20小题, 每小题1分, 满分20分）
根据括号内中文或首字母提示，在下面空格处填入一个符合句子意思和语法结构的词。(请把56-63小题的首字母写到答题卡上，否则0分处理）
56. Currently,many students are a______ to video games, which is very harmful to their growth. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】addicted##ddicted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：目前，许多学生沉迷于电子游戏，这对他们的成长是非常有害的。be addicted to沉溺于。根据首字母提示及句意，故填addicted。
57. The news website u______ the content of its webpages constantly to provide readers with the latest news. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】updates##pdates
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：新闻网站不断更新网页内容，为读者提供最新的新闻。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词。结合首字母提示及句意，用动词update，意为“更新”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语The news website是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填updates。
58. They have huge amounts of work to do every day, but they never c______ about the workload. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】complain##omplain
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他们每天都有大量的工作要做，但他们从不抱怨工作量大。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为动词complain“抱怨”，满足句意要求，结合上句动词have可知，此处动词应为一般现在时。故填complain。
59. This sunny weather is not t______ of Britain, where it’s usually rainy or cloudy in spring. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】typical##ypical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种晴朗的天气并不是英国的典型天气，英国的春天通常是阴雨连绵。be typical of是……的特点。根据首字母提示及句意，故填typical。
60. Sichuan food, f______ the hot taste, is widely welcomed across the country. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】featuring##eaturing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：四川菜以辣为特色，在全国广受欢迎。根据句意“以……为特色”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词feature，此处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，Sichuan food和feature为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填featuring。
61. During the outbreak of Covid-19, many companies adopted f______ working hours to ensure the safety. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】flexible##lexible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在新冠肺炎爆发期间，许多公司采取了弹性工作时间来确保安全。形容词flexible (灵活的、弹性的)作定语，修饰名词短语working hours。故填flexible。
62. Every time I saw the old photo, it r______ me of my happy childhood memories. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】reminded##eminded
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：每次看到这张老照片，我就想起童年的快乐回忆。由“my happy childhood memories”可知，句子表示“每次看到这张老照片，我就想起童年的快乐回忆”，空格处意为“使想起”，由首字母提示r可知，是remind，由Every time I saw可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填reminded。
63. According to Dr. Smith, many d________ can be prevented through regular exercise and a healthy diet. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】diseases##iseases
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：根据史密斯博士的说法，许多疾病可以通过定期锻炼和健康饮食来预防。由many修饰，用可数名词disease (疾病)的复数形式作主语。故填diseases。
64. There's also satisfaction which comes from being a ________(志愿者), or just from national pride. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】volunteer
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名志愿者，带来的不仅仅有民族自豪感，也会带来满足感。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用名词“volunteer”作表语，且空前有冠词a，故此处应用名词的单数形式，故填volunteer。
65. He wrote a very ________ (正式的) letter of apology to Douglas.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】formal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他给道格拉斯写了一封非常正式的道歉信。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词formal“正式的”，满足句意要求。故填formal。
66. We should shoulder the ________(责任）as a group. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】responsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该作为一个团体来承担责任。根据和中文提示可知，表示“责任”可用responsibility，在本句中作宾语。故填responsibility。
67. To come to China, one of the early cradles of ________(文明), has long been my dream and therefore, I fell very honored to be your guest. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】civilization
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：来到中国这个早期文明的发源地，一直是我的梦想，因此，我很荣幸能成为您的客人。名词civilization表示“文明”这个概念的时是不可数名词。故填civilization。
68. The government claims that the law will overcome centuries of exclusion, at last giving the children of the poor ________(平等的) access to education. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】equal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府声称，这项法律将克服几个世纪以来的排斥，最终让穷人的孩子有平等的受教育机会。结合汉语提示，形容词equal“平等的”作定语，修饰名词access。故填equal。
69. For others (me included), the cloud is where we ________(下载) movies and stream television shows.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】download
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：对于其他人（包括我）来说，云盘是我们下载电影和流媒体电视节目的地方。结合汉语提示，download是表语从句谓语动词，讲述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时。故填download。
70. It’s ________(违法的) to drive a car without a driver’s license. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】illegal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：没有驾驶执照开车是违法的。结合汉语提示，形容词illegal作表语。故填illegal。
71. The theme park you are probably most ________ (熟悉的)with is Disneyland. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】familiar
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你最熟悉的主题公园可能是迪斯尼乐园。根据汉语提示“熟悉的”以及空格前的you are probably most可知，此处应用形容词familiar作表语，be familiar with sth“熟悉某事”是固定搭配。故填familiar
72. The doctor said it was only a slight wound. What a _________(宽慰)！(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】relief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：医生说这只是一个轻微的伤口。真是松了一口气！结合汉语提示和不定冠词a，名词relief符合题意，此处为抽象名词relief具体化，用其单数形式。故填relief。
73. He has the ________(潜力)to become a world-class musician. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】potential
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他有成为世界级音乐家的潜力。根据汉语提示可知，potential潜力，不可数名词作宾语，符合题意。故填potential。
74. She felt ________(尴尬的) about undressing in front of the doctor. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】embarrassed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她在医生面前脱衣服感到很尴尬。主语She是人，用修饰人的-ed形容词embarrassed (尴尬的)作表语。故填embarrassed。
75 You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to ________ (消化). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】digest
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：饭后你应该留出一点时间去消化食物。根据动词不定式的标志“to”及汉语提示可知，空处需填动词原形，digest作动词，表示“消化，吸收”符合句意。故填digest。
第三部分写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
76. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom对中国文化特别感兴趣，希望你能给他一些建议。请你根据以下提示写一封email。
1. 借助电视节目、报刊、中国经典作品了解中国文化；
2. 和中国朋友多沟通。
参考词汇：经典作品classic
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
I’m delighted to hear that you are learning Chinese culture with great interest. In response to your request, I’d like to share some suggestions with you.
Being exposed to Chinese newspapers and TV programs will provide you with easy access to au-thentic Chinese culture. Additionally, reading classics will deepen your understanding of it. Last but not least, it is a wise choice to make more Chinese friends and communicate with them as much as possible. You’ll be amazed at your remarkable progress.
I do hope that my advice will be helpful to you. If you have any problems, please don’t hesitate to ask me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Tom写封邮件，就如何更好地了解中国文化提出合理建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
兴趣/热情：interest→enthusiasm
选择：choice→option
进步：progress→advance
问题：problem→issue
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last but not least, it is a wise choice to make more Chinese friends and communicate with them as much as possible.
拓展句：Last but not least, it is a wise choice that you make more Chinese friends and communicate with them as much as possible.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I’m delighted to hear that you are learning Chinese culture with great interest.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Being exposed to Chinese newspapers and TV programs will provide you with easy access to authentic Chinese culture. （运用了现在分词的被动语态作主语）
[高分句型3]I do hope that my advice will be helpful to you. （运用了do强调谓语和that引导的宾语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
77. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was my brother's idea. Let's get Mom a pet dog for her birthday. It would make her happy. I thought it was a good idea, as Mom had always wanted to own a dog. By the time our conversation ended, I had my task: find our mother a dog.
After a careful search, I finally found an ad for dogs in a local newspaper. A nearby family had a dog who had just given birth to five male puppies（小狗）！ All had had their first vaccines（疫苗），and would be ready to leave their mom in a few weeks.I gave them a call.
The man who answered the phone listened patiently to my story and set a date for us to meet the dogs.
When the day arrived, I got into my brother's car. We pulled up in front of some houses that sat along a narrow street. As we stepped onto the sidewalk，we were greeted by noisy barks（吠叫声）. Four dogs had positioned themselves on the back of a sofa and were watching us through a large window. We climbed onto the porch(门廊) and rang the doorbell.
A tall man with graying hair and a kind smile opened the door. As I reached to shake his hand, I could see the puppies behind him, running to get to us. Each puppy wore a different color string around his neck.
We met the man's wife, who wore a similar friendly smile and welcomed us to her home. We met the puppies' parents and then set about the business of selecting a friend for our mother. There were four puppies and four visitors; the man handed each of us a dog. Three of the puppies looked up at us with large, curious eyes. The fourth one, who I was holding, began to wiggle excitedly and kiss my face. "Let's take this one! He's the one! Look how lovely he is!" I said. As far as I was concerned, it was a done deal.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My brother wasn't sure and suggested that we take some time to get to know all of them.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Two weeks later, we picked up the dog and hid him around the corner in my mom's living room while she opened her birthday gifts.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My brother wasn 't sure and suggested that we take some time to get to know all of them. We spent the next hour sitting on the floor playing with a group of puppies. Finally, we settled on a different puppy for our mom. He was the smallest and weakest of the dogs and made up for his smallness with a large personality. He spent most of the time we were there either jumping on one of us or following his patient mother around asking for more to eat. We signed the paperwork and agreed on the pick-up date.
Two weeks later, we picked up the dog and hid him around the corner in my mom's living room while she opened her birthday gifts. Just when she thought she was done, the small dog walked across the room toward her. It took a moment for Mom to be aware of him, and then she began to cry. She knelt on the floor and pulled the dog into her arms. As she kissed him, she looked up through her tears and said, “This is the best birthday gift I've ever got”. Hearing that, my brother and I looked at each other and smiled.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述作者和弟弟准备在母亲生日的时候给她一只宠物狗。有一天他们在报纸上看到有领养狗的广告，于是作者和弟弟一起去狗主人家挑选所要领养的狗。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由续写第一段首句“我弟弟不确定，建议我们花点时间了解他们。”可以预测续写第一段主要内容：作者和弟弟又花了一些时间观察所有狗的情况，最终选择了心仪的狗并和主人约定了领狗的时间。
②由第二段首句“两周后，当我妈妈打开生日礼物时，我们把狗抱起来，藏在角落里我妈妈的客厅里。”可以预测续写第二段主要内容：作者和弟弟在母亲生日当天把狗送给了母亲，母亲很高兴，作者和弟弟看到后，也露出微笑。
2.续写线索：作者和弟弟精心选狗——作者与狗主人达成约定，确定取狗时间——母亲生日时给她惊喜——母亲认为这是她最好的礼物——作者和弟弟为自己所做的感到值得
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.弥补：make up for/remedy/compensate
②.要求： ask for /require /demand
情绪类
①.哭：cry/burst out crying/ burst into tears
②.笑：smile /smile heartily /smile from the bottom of one’s heart
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Just when she thought she was done, the small dog walked across the room toward her.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）
[高分句型2].This is the best birthday gift I've ever got（运用了省略that的定语从句）
[高分句型3].Hearing that, my brother and I looked at each other and smiled.（运用了现在分词作状语）
