课件22张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破 专题十一 动词的语态考点精讲
◆被动语态的几种形式(一般现在时的被动语态:近4年共考查16次;一般过去时的被动语态:近4年共考查12次;一般将来时的被动语态:近4年共考查2次;含情态动词的被动语态:近4年共考查5次)
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的几种时态被动结构如下:◆被动语态的判断
(1)当我们不知道动作的执行者或没有必要说明动作的执行者时,用被动语态。如:Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。
(2)需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态。如:Your work must be finished today. 你们的工作必须今天完成。◆初中常见的不能使用被动结构的情况
(1)连系动词,如:look, feel, smell等,以主动形式表示被动含义。如: The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
(2)有些词组的主动形式表被动含义,如:need doing (需要做某事),be worth doing (值得做某事)等。如:Your bedroom is much in mess. It needs cleaning right now. 你的卧室太乱了,需要马上打扫一下。(3)表示“发生”的happen或take place,无被动结构。如:The story happened on a cold night. 故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。◆(1)主动语态和被动语态的转换(2)口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动。
(3)变换步骤:
①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格。②把主动句里的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变宾格代词,并由by引导。③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如:
We asked him to sing an English song.(主动语态)
He was asked to sing an English song by us.(被动语态)(4)带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:
She gave me a book.(主动语态)
I was given a book by her. (间接宾语me转化为主语的被动语态)
A book was given to me by her. (直接宾语a book转化为主语的被动语态)(3)变被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等,及使役动词let, make, have 等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。如:
He makes the girl stay at home. (主动语态)
The girl is made to stay at home by him. (被动语态)1.—I’ll call your parents if your homework ___ before four o’clock today.
—Sorry, Mr. Li. I’m doing it right now.
A. isn’t done B. won’t be done
C. doesn’t do D. won’t do现学现用 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“今天如果你在四点之前____作业 ,我将打电话给你的父母。”“对不起,李老师。我现在就做。”isn’t done为一般现在时的第三人称单数的被动语态;won’t be done 为一般将来时的被动语态;doesn’t do一般现在时的第三人称单数的主动语态;won’t do一般将来时的主动语态。 if引导的条件状语从句里,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;又因为主语your homework 是动作承受者,与谓语动词do之间为被动关系,因此用一般现在时的被动语态,故选A。 2. Many buildings in Lushan ___ in the earthquake on April 20th. They will surely be re-constructed(重建)more beautifully.
A. have destroyed B. are destroyed
C. were destroyed D. are destroying 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。 句意:许多建筑物在4月20号的芦山地震中___。它们将会被重建得更加漂亮。have destroyed为现在完成时;are destroyed为一般现在时态的被动语态;were destroyed为一般过去时态的被动语态;are destroying为现在进行时。根据题意可知事件已经在4月20日发生了,是过去时态,且主语是many buildings,与动词destroy是被动关系,被动语态结构为be+过去分词,故选C。 3. Chinese ___ by more and more people from all over the world today.
A. learn B. learned
C. is learned D. learns 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:如今,汉语被世界各地越来越多的人_____。Chinese与learn是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;又从today可知,此题要用一般现在时。故选C 。4. —I’m sure that rules to control air pollution ___ very soon.
—By then the weather may become better.
A. made B. will make
C. will be made D. is made【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意“我确信控制大气污染的制度很快就会被制定。”“到那时天气可能会变得更好。!”rules与动词make 之间存在被动关系;再根据soon可知,应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。 5. —It’s difficult to get to the other side of the river.
—I think a bridge ___ over the river.
A. should be built B. should build
C. will build D. will be made 【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意为“很难到河的对面。”“我认为一座桥____在河上。”should be built含情态动词should的被动语态,表示“应该被建造”; should build含情态动词的一般现在时;will build一般将来时;will be built一般将来时的被动语态,表示“将来被建造”。主语a bridge是 build这个动作的承受者,用被动语态。故选A。