Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? Section A 2d&Grammar Focus课件 (共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
Section A (GF-4c)
Functions: Ask for information politely and follow directions
Grammar: Objective clauses with wh- questions
Curriculum words: grape; central; mail; nearby; east.
Useful expressions: pardon me, go along, go past, start with
Sentences:
①Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine
②Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening
③I wonder where we should go next.
1. I’m worried about ___________ she’ll pass the exam.
2. I haven’t decided ____________ to go with you.
3. Wang Hong said she was cooking at 6：00 yesterday morning.
4. I wonder I can get some advice from you.
5. Our geography teacher said that the earth around the sun (go).
6. Our teacher told us that a good beginning half done (is).
7. Tom, Lisa called and asked you would go to the zoo with her.
用适当的连接词填空。
whether
whether
that
if / whether
goes
is
if / whether
Learning objectives
Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut (宇航员)
Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
Please tell me where she has gone.
I don’t know if he will come tonight.
Let’s find out what’s on tonight .
Find out the Object Clauses
当句子是陈述句时，宾语从句连接词用_____引导，通常可以省略。
that
当句子是一般疑问句时，连接词用_________，从句用_________ (疑问语序/陈述语序)。
if/whether
陈述语序
当句子是特殊疑问时，连接词用特________。从句用_________ (疑问语序/陈述语序)
陈述语序
殊疑问词
、由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
陈述句一般都用____引导，从属连词无实际意义，不在从句中充当任何成分。此时宾语从句的成分齐全，句意明确。在口语和非正式文体中that________，宾语从句的语序为________。
that
可以省略
陈述语序
如：我认为她是个害羞的女孩。
I think __________________.
许多人相信机器人会做我们的大部分工作。
Many people believe ______________________________.
She is a shy girl.
I think.
Many people believe.
Robots will do most our work.
(that) she is a shy girl
(that) robots will do most our work
、由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句。
一般疑问句一般都用_________引导，常放在ask，care，wonder，find out等词后引导从句。whether/if在从句中不作成分，但含有_______之义，在句中_________，宾语从句的语序为_________。
whether/if
“是否”
不可省略
陈述语序
如：莉莉想知道她奶奶是否喜欢那条狗。
Lily wanted to know.
Does her grandma like the dog
Lily want to know __________________________________.
她问我那男孩是否会画一匹马。
She asked me.
Can the boy draw a horse？
She asked me __________________________________
whether/if her grandma liked the dog
whether/if the boy could draw a horse
注意：只用whether不用if的情况
① 引导介词后的宾语从句时。
② 与or not连用时。
如：这取决于明天是否会下雪。
It depends on ____________________________.
我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
I’m interested in ______________________.
如：我问你的秘书她是否能来。
I asked your secretary ___________________________.
让我知道他是否已经通过了考试。
Let me know _________________________________.
whether it will snow tomorrow
whether he likes English
whether she could come or not
whether he has passed the exam or not
③ 与不定式连用时。
④ 宾语从句前置，置于句首时。
如：我真的不知道是接受还是拒绝。
I really don’t know _________________________.
下周老师会告诉我们是否考试。
Next Monday the teacher will tell us ___________________.
如：他们能否按时到这里，我们不知道。
________________________________, we don’t know.
我不在乎他 们是否会来参加野营。
______________________________, I don’t care.
whether to accept or refuse
whether to have a test
Whether they can come here on time
Whether they will join in the camp
Grammar focus
Translate these sentences and let’s read.
Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street.
Could you please tell me how to get to the post office Sorry, I’m not sure how to get there.
Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening It starts at 8:00 p.m.
I wonder where we should go next. You should try that new ride over there.
打扰了,你知道我在哪儿能买到药？
当然，顺着这条街有个超市。
请你告诉我怎样到邮局好吗？
对不起，我不确定怎样到那儿。
你能告诉我们今晚乐队什么时候开始演出吗？
晚上8点开始。
我想知道接下来我们该去哪儿。
你应该试试那个新的骑乘项目。
Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.
Grammar focus
Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street.
Could you please tell me how to get to the post office Sorry, I’m not sure how to get there.
Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening It starts at 8:00 p.m.
I wonder where we should go next. You should try that new ride over there.
由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
、特殊疑问句中的宾语从句
特殊疑问句一般都用接代词____________________________等等引导，引导词在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。和连接副词____________________等引导，引导词在宾语从句中作状语，不可以____。宾语从句的语序为_________。
what, who, whom, whose, which
when, where, how, why
陈述语序
省略
词类 在句中的功能 词汇 中文含义
连接代词 除在句中起连接作用外，还可在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 who 谁（主格）
whom 谁（宾格）
whose 谁的
what 什么
which 哪个
连接副词 除在句中起连接作用外，还可在宾语从句中作状语 when 什么时候
where 哪里
how 怎样；如何
why 为什么
如：你知道今天下午谁要来吗？
Do you know？
who will come this afternoon
Do you know _________________________
我不知道是什么。
I don’t know.
what is it
I don’t know _________.
（主语）
（表语）
who will come this afternoon
what it is
我不知道你该依靠谁。
I don’t know.
whom should you depend on？
I don’t know __________________________.
（宾语）
whom you should depend on
能告诉我我们得走哪个门吗？
Could you tell me？
which gate do we have to go to
Could you tell me ________________________
他没有告诉我那起交通事故发生的时间。
He didn’t tell me.
when did the traffic accident have taken place？
He didn’t tell me ___________________________________.
你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？
Could you tell me？
where did you buy it
Could you tell me __________________
我不知道你怎么了？
I don’t know.
What’s wrong with you
I don’t know ____________________
注意：语序不变的有：What’ the matter with you /What’s wrong with you 但是What’s the trouble with you 的语序要变。
（定语）
（时间状语）
（地点状语）
（语序不变）
which gate we have to go to
when the traffic accident had taken place
where you bought it
what’s wrong with you
Exercise
1. He asked me _______ I could sing the song “My Heart will Go On.”
A. if B. weather C. what D. that
2. They don’t know _______ their parents are.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
3. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening
A. what B. when C. why D. how
4. They don’t know ______their parents will come or not.
A. that B. what C. if D. whether
5. He says ________ he can speak English.
A. if B. that C. what D. where
A
B
A
D
B
3、宾语从句的时态
主句中谓语动词是一般现在或者祈使句时，从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制，可根据具体情况判断时态。
I hear (that)
Jim went to work an hour ago.
he is interested in English.
she will come tomorrow.
Tom has been to London twice.
主现，从不限
主句中谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须要用过去的某种时态，以保持时态的前后呼应。
He will go to Hong Kong .
He is sick.
He is reading a book .
He has finished his work.
He said
He had finished his work.
He would go to Hong Kong .
He was sick.
He was reading a book .
主过，从也过
注意宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。
the sun is much bigger than the moon .
Summer is after Spring .
the earth moves around the sun.
He told me (that)
We knew (that)
The teacher told us (that)
口诀：宾语从句的时态主现从不变：主句现在时，从句时态不变化。主过从必过：主句过去时，从句时态向过去变化。（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）真理永不变：从句表示客观真理，从句时态用一般现在时。
Exercise
Find out the mistakes and correct them.
1. Could you tell me where do they live
2. She knew that Danny is a student.
3. He told me that winter was colder than autumn.
4. Amily says they watch a movie last night.
5. He said he will come on time tomorrow.
6. Could you tell me when she'll come back.
去掉do
was
is
watched
would
4. 直接引语变间接引语的人称变化
人称的变化规则：_______________________________。
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
一随主：引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。
如：He says, “I like math very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢数学。”
He says that _____________________.
he likes math very much
二随宾：引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。
如：He said to Lily, “you must get up early.” 他对莉莉说：“你必须早起。”
He told Lily that ____________________________.
第三人称不更新：引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变
如：She said to me, “They want to help him.” 她对我说：“他们想帮助他。”
She told me that ______________________.
she must get up early
they wanted to help him
将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。
Exercise
“I am having supper,” he said.
He said that _______ _______ having supper.
2. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.
Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.
3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.
She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.
4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”
The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.
5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.
He told me that he _______ met her the day _______.
6. “You must come here before five,” he said.
He said that I _______ to go _______ before five.
7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.
She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______.
he was
told had seen
she had gone
is
had before
had there
had before
Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street.
Could you please tell me how to get to the post office Sorry, I’m not sure how to get there.
Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening It starts at 8:00 p.m.
I wonder where we should go next. You should try that new ride over there.
Grammar Focus
探究语法规律
What did you find out
当宾语从句中的主语与主句的主语或宾语一致时，可使用“疑问词+动词不定式(短语)”结构对从句进行改写。如：
I really don’t know which book I should buy.
= I really don’t know which book to buy.
Can you tell me where I can get a dictionary = Can you tell me where to get a dictionary
探究二：疑问词+不定式
含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换
(1)若主句的主语和从句的主语一致，可以将疑问词引导的宾语从句转化为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构。
I don’t know what I should do next.
= what to do
(2)若主句的谓语动词是hope, agree, wish等，且主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以将that引导的宾语从句转化为动词不定式结构。
She hopes that she can get good grades.
= to get
(3)若主句的谓语动词是see, hear, watch, notice等时，其后由that引导的宾语从句可以转化为“宾语+宾语补足语(动词原形/动词-ing形式)”。
I heard that two girls were singing in the next room.
= two girls singing
探究二：疑问词+不定式
宾语从句与动词不定式转化
I don’t know what I should do next.
=I don’t know what ____ ____ next.
2.I wonder when we shall leave for Nanjing.
=I wonder ______ ______ _____ for Nanjing.
3. I don’t know how I can deal with the problem.
=I don’t know _____ _____ ____ with the problem.
4. He has no idea if he should join the club.
=He has no idea _________ _____ _____ the club.
to do
when to leave
how to deal
weather to join
5. I haven’t decided where I will go = I haven’t decided __________.
6. He asked me what I bought = He asked me __________.
where to go
what to buy
Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street.
Could you please tell me how to get to the post office Sorry, I’m not sure how to get there.
Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening It starts at 8:00 p.m.
I wonder where we should go next. You should try that new ride over there.
Grammar Focus
探究宾语从句与委婉语气
What did you find out
探究三：
宾语从句
与委婉语气
比较下面两个句子：
Where can I buy some medicine
Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine
Which sentence is more polite
发现：往往含有宾语从句的复
合句在表达请求时语气比较委
婉。
探究四：宾语从句否定转移
I think, “she isn’t clever.” （否定句）
=I _____ think ______ ____ clever.
don’t she is
主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。
I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他将不和你一起来。
附连词 if 和 when 在宾语从句和状语从句中的区别
1. Do you know if it _____tomorrow If it _____, we won’t go to the park .
A. rains, will rain B. rains, rains
C. will rain, rains D. will rain, will rain
C
2. I don’t know when he _________ (come) . I can’t wait here any more . When he _______ (come), please ask him to call me.
will come
comes
宾语从句三要素
引导词
that+陈述句
if／whether+一般疑问句
特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句
时态
主句为一般现在时
主句为一般过去时
一般过去时
过去将来时
过去进行时
过去完成时
语序
宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序
从句客观真理时态不变
从句可为任何时态
summary
3. Excuse me, could you tell me _____ _____the way to the nearest hospital
劳驾，请问去最近的医院怎么走
2. Excuse me, but can you tell me the _____ _____the train station
劳驾，请问去火车站怎么走
1. Excuse me, can you tell me _______the railway station____
打扰一下，请问火车站在哪儿
问路的常用表达
Review
根据汉语完成句子。
4. Excuse me. Could you tell me __ _____is a Qiaotou Middle School near here
打扰了，请问桥头中学是否在这附近？
5. Excuse me. Do you know _____ _____can get to Shanzhou Middle School
= Excuse me. Do you know _____ _____ get to Shanzhou Middle School
请问，你知道怎样去单州中学吗
where
is
way to
which is
if there
how I
how to
附指路的常用表达
1. Go along this street, and … is on your left.
2. Go down this way, and turn left at the first crossing, and you’ll find … is right there, on your left.
3. … is behind (near, next to, on the left of) …
4. You can just take No. 111 bus, and get off at the second station. And you’ll see it.
5. Look! … is in front of us far away, right there!
注意：
1.问路时应首先说一声： ______ 这样可以引起对方的注意，又不失礼貌。
2.你没听清时，你可以说一声 __________ (对不起，请您再说一遍好吗 ) 或 ________ (对不起，请再说一遍好吗 )等，礼貌地要求对方重复一遍。
3.问完路后，千万不要忘记向对方说句 __________ 或___________
Excuse me
Excuse me, would you please say it again
I beg your pardon
Thank you for helping me
Thank you
Presentation
4a
Rewrite the questions to make them more polite.
1. Where can I buy some grapes or other fruit
__________________________________________________________________
2. How does this CD player work
__________________________________________________________________
3. How do I get to the Central Library
__________________________________________________________________
4. Is the Italian restaurant nearby open on Mondays
__________________________________________________________________
Could you please tell me where I can buy some grapes or other fruit
Excuse me, do you know how this CD player works
Can you tell me how to get to the Central Library
I wonder if the Italian restaurant nearby is open on Mondays.
adj. 中心的；中央的
adv. 在附近;附近 adj. 附近的;邻近的
4b
What should each person ask in the following situations
1. Tim is very hungry.
Could you tell me where I can get something to eat __________________________
Excuse me, can you tell me how I can get to a nearby restaurant _______
Pardon me, do you know if there’s a restaurant around here ____________________
2. Sally needs to mail a letter.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Helen needs to know when the bike shop closes.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Ben is wondering if there’s a bank in the shopping center.
__________________________________________________________________
v. 邮寄；发电子邮件 n. 邮件；信件
2. Sally needs to mail a letter.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Excuse/Pardon me, could you please tell me where the post office is
I’d like to know where I can buy some stamps.
Do you know where the nearest post office is
3. Helen needs to know when the bike shop closes.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Excuse/Pardon me, could you please tell me when the bike shop closes
Do you happen to know when the bike shop closes
I’d like to know when the bike shop closes.
4. Ben is wondering if there’s a bank in the shopping center.
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
I’m wondering if there’s a bank in the shopping center.
Do you know whether there’s a bank in the shopping center
Could you please tell me if there’s a bank in the shopping center
4c
Write four questions that a tourist might ask about your town/ city. Then role-play conversations with your partner.
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
Excuse me, do you know where I can buy a local phone card
Pardon me, could you tell me where the central bus station is
Could you please tell me where the nearest supermarket is
Excuse me, is there a fast food restaurant nearby
Let’s learn.
Do you remember the lyric of this song
People say I’m crazy and that I am blind.
动词
并列的宾语从句
规则1：当从句为并列句时，只有第一个分句前的that可以省略，后面的分句都不可以省略
e.g.: The little boy told his mother he passed the exam and _____ he
was very happy about it.
that
that何时不能省略？
Let’s learn. that 何时不能省略
What’s your opinion about cellphone ban in classrooms
She said, from her point of view, that kids shouldn’t carry cellphones to school.
她说在她看来，孩子不应该带手机去学校。
主语与宾从间有插入语
规则2：当宾语从句中主语与从句间有插入语时，that不省略。
e.g.: We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would
admit him for a probationary period.
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定试用他一段时间。
Let’s learn.
Can anyone touch your stuff
I have made it clear that nobody can touch my stuff.
我已经说得很清楚了：谁都不准碰我的东西。
宾语从句被形式宾语it取代而后置
规则3：当宾语从句被形式宾语取代，真正的宾语从句位于句子后面，that不能省略。
e.g.: I think it necessary that he stays here.
我认为他有必要留在这里。
that何时不能省略？
Let’s learn.
Can we win the game
That our team will win, I believe.
我相信我们队会赢。
位于句首
规则4：为了强调而将that引导的宾语从句至于句首时，that不能省略。
e.g.: That she can speak a little English, I know.
我知道她能说一点英语。
that何时不能省略？
Let’s practice.
1. He said _____ the book was very interesting and _____ all the children liked to read it.
A. /, that
B. if, /
C. that, if
D. /, /
【解析】当宾语从句为并列句时，只有第一个分句前的that可以省略，后面的分句都不可以省略。故选A。
Let’s learn.
Jenny is the tallest girl in our class.（对划线部分提问）
Who is the tallest girl in your class
对主语提问
do you know变宾从
Do you know who is the tallest girl in your class
在宾语从句中，此时who既是引导词又是从句的主语，从句中 who is the tallest girl in your class 是陈述句语序。
Let’s learn.
His success amazed his teachers.（对划线部分提问）
What amazed his teachers
对主语提问
do you know变宾从
I wonder what amazed his teachers
在宾语从句中，此时what既是引导词又是从句的主语，从句中 what amazed his teacher 是陈述句语序。
Let's practice.
1. I didn’t know what ________.
A. was the matter B. is the matter
C. the matter were D. the matter is
【解析】当充当宾语从句的句子为以下句子（即 ① What’s wrong / What’s the matter / What’s your trouble ②Which is the way to … ③ 由who引导且做主语的特殊疑问句变成的宾语从句）时，语序不变。故选A。