长郡中学2023级高一入学检测试卷
英语
时量：90分钟 满分：100分
I.阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A WONDERFUL NIGHT AT CHANGSHA AQUARIUM(海洋馆)
Have you ever seen sea animals at night What do they do Eat Sleep Swim Let’s go and enjoy the happy time.Time:6:30 p.m.～8:30 p.m. on Saturday.
* You can enjoy dinner at our restaurant under the water from 6:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
*You can’t eat anything while you are watching the sea animals.
*Each tour costs 15 yuan. You can buy the tickets at the gate of the aquarium.
*You can decide which tour you will join after you arrive at the aquarium.
1. If you want to enjoy 4 tours, how much will you pay for them
A. 15 yuan. B. 30 yuan. C. 45 yuan. D. 60 yuan.
2. What can’t you do while you are watching the sea animals
A. Feed the fish. B. Eat food.
C. Take pictures. D. Walk with the penguins.
3. How long can you enjoy the activities at the aquarium at most in on enight
A. Half an hour. B. One hour.
C. One and a half hours. D. Two hours.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一个海洋馆的广告信息，包括它的表演时间和内容介绍，以及一些注意事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二行“Each tour costs 15 yuan. (每次旅游15元。)”可知，如果您想参加4次旅游，费用是15*4=60元。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三行“You can’t eat anything while you are watching the sea animals. (你在看海洋动物时不能吃任何东西。)”可知，当你在看海洋动物的时候，你不能吃东西。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Time:6:30 p.m.～8:30 p.m. on Saturday. (时间：星期六下午6:30 ~8:30。)”可知，一个晚上你最多能在水族馆里玩两个小时。故选D。
B
Energy is the ability to do work. Solar energy comes from the Sun.There is also energy that comes from wind and water.
But do you know that energy can come from people, too When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike. That makes the bike move.
Now imagine riding your bike to create enough power to run a computer. Some students at one school did just that! They jumped on bikes connected to generators (发电机) and pedaled in place. Soon they were producing electricity. This energy is needed to run their computers.
Here is how bicycle-powered energy works. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins (旋转). The wheel spins the generator. The generator produces electricity. As long as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity moves through the generator. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can also be stored and used later.
People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. They often use less than 100 watts per hour. However, it would be a mistake to use pedal power to run a fridge. This large machine often uses more than 700 watts per hour. The electricity for these machines comes from power lines overhead or underground.
Pedal power can be seen in schools gyms, and homes. What a fun way to provide electricity!
4. How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2
A. By asking a question.
B. By telling a joke.
C. By using an old saying.
D. By making a survey.
5. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A. The future of new energy.
B. The forms of world’s energy.
C. Producing bicycle-powered energy.
D. Using bicycle-powered energy.
6. What do we know about bicycle-powered energy
A. It can’t be seen in schools.
B. It can be stored and used later.
C. It comes from wind and water.
D. It’s from power lines overhead.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“自行车动力能源”相关知识。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But do you know that energy can come from people, too When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike. (但是你知道能量也可以来自人吗 当你骑自行车时，你会产生能量。你用腿来踩踏板。你的能量被转移到自行车上。)”通过提问“你知道能量也可以来自人吗 ”，然后再解释“自行车能量”的来源来引入话题。故选A。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices(设备) such as small televisions and fans. (人们使用自行车供电来驱动小型设备，如小型电视和风扇。)”可知，第五段的主要内容是介绍人们使用自行车供电来驱动小型设备，介绍的是使用自行车动力能源。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“This energy can also be stored and used later. (这种能量也可以储存起来供以后使用。)”说明的是这种能量可以储存起来以后使用。故选B。
C
People believe that every word has its correct meaning (s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past
Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words — both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A -Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word.
Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.
So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker.
As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.
7. Why did dictionary writers read important books
A. To know more about the period.
B. To collect words and their uses.
C. To understand different subjects.
D. To learn to use interesting words.
8. Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past
A. ①—③—④—② B. ①—②—④—③
C. ③—①—④—② D. ③—④—②—①
9. What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past
A. It was long-time hard work.
B. It was a task of inventing and recording.
C. It should be done by historians.
D. It had to use the law-making rules.
10 What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication
A. Try to create new words.
B. Follow the dictionary strictly.
C. Use online dictionaries instead.
D. Be open to the new uses of words.
【答案】7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者对过去词典的编纂进行了介绍，并表明编撰字典的任务不是发明单词的意思，而是记录它们的意思，词典的作者是一位历史学家，而不是一位立法者，所以在我们使用词汇时要遵循词典，但不应受其控制，词汇总会被赋予新的用法，我们应该接受词汇的新用法。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words — both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used.(当他们阅读时，他们把必要的信息抄写在卡片上：有趣的单词，常见的单词——包括日常使用和不常用的单词，以及使用这些单词的句子。)”可知，词典编纂者要读重要的书籍是为了收集单词及其用法。故选B。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words — both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used.(当他们阅读时，他们把必要的信息抄写在卡片上：有趣的单词，常见的单词——包括日常使用和不常用的单词，以及使用这些单词的句子。)”可知，第一步是把必要的信息写在卡片上，符合第三张图片。根据第二段最后两句“As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A -Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word.(卡片收集完毕后，按字母顺序（A - Z）排列。这样一来，每个单词就会有几百张卡片。)”可知，第二步是每个单词收集几百张卡片，符合第一张图片。根据第三段第二句“He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word.(他仔细阅读卡片，扔掉一些，重新阅读其余的卡片，并根据他认为这个单词的常用用法将卡片分开。)”可知，第三步是去除一些不需要的卡片，将剩余的卡片分类，符合第四张图片。根据第三段最后一句“Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.(最后，他写下了定义，遵循了一个严格的规则：每个定义都必须来自他面前某张卡片上的一个例子。)”可知，最后一步是写下定义，符合第二张图片。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第四句和第五句“For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years.(对于一本真正的大字典来说，需要收集数百万张这样的卡片。这项任务可能会持续数年。)”可知，过去的词典编纂是一个长期的艰苦工作。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.(然而，我们不能被它所控制，因为新情况，新经历，新发明和新感觉总是促使我们赋予旧词新的用法。)”可知，当我们在交流中选择词汇时，作者建议我们要接受词汇的新用法。故选D。
D
It is often said the laughter is the best medicine. But researchers at the University of Oxford think the ability to belly laughs (捧腹大笑) was unique to early humans. This, they believe, made our ancestors (祖先) able to form much larger groups.
The researchers first tested the pain thresholds (临界值) of some volunteers. They divided them into two groups. One group was shown15 minutes of comedy videos, while the other was shown boring programs.
Through this experiment, the researchers found that those who had recently experienced belly laughs were able to withstand (忍受) up to10% more pain than they had done before watching the videos. To their surprise, the scientists also found that the other group was less able to with stand pain after watching 15 minutes of the “boring” programs.
Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University, who led the research, believed that belly laughs release chemicals called endorphins (安多芬) into the body which make us feel less painful.
However, not all comedy programs had such effects, according to Prof Dunbar. For example, though clever stand-up comedy was found to be enjoyable, it had no effect on raising pain thresholds.“Things that worked very well were interesting comedies such as Mr. Bean. Situation comedies such as Friends also seemed to be particularly successful,”he added.
In order to measure (测量) endorphin levels, the researchers put a bag of ice on the volunteers’ arms to see how long they could withstand them. They found that the greater the increase in pain thresholds, the greater the amount of endorphins produced.
The purpose of Prof Dunbar’s study was not to develop a new treatment. Instead, it was to study the role of laughter in the forming of human societies two million years ago.
“The next stage will be to see whether laughing really allows people to keep together and work as a group better and be more friendly towards each other. If that is the case, then it may explain why some two million years ago, the first humans were able to form large communities of up to 100,”Dunbar added.
11. Prof Dunbar’s study was to .
A. test the pain thresholds of humans
B. measure the endorphin levels while laughing
C. develop a new kind of medicine that reduces pain
D. explore the influence of laughter in forming human societies
12. In order to withstand more pain, we’d better .
A. watch some scary films B. watch some beautiful pictures
C. watch some boring programs D. watch some comedy videos
13. The meaning of the underlined word “release” in the passage may be
A. look out B. stand out C. find out D. give out
14. What did the researcher do to measure the level of endorphins
A. Let the volunteers watch videos.
B. Ask the volunteers to live in the lab.
C. Make the volunteers have medicines.
D. Put ice bags on the volunteers’ arms.
15. What can we know from the last paragraph
A. More experiments about laughter will be carried out.
B. Laughter makes people keep together and work as a group.
C. People who laugh a lot are more friendly towards each other.
D. The first humans could only form small communities less than 100.
【答案】11. D 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了牛津大学的研究人员认为大笑的能力是早期人类所独有的，这使得我们的祖先能够形成更大的群体。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The purpose of Prof Dunbar’s study was not to develop a new treatment. Instead, it was to study the role of laughter in the forming of human societies two million years ago.(邓巴教授研究的目的并不是开发一种新的治疗方法。相反，它是为了研究笑在200万年前人类社会形成中的作用)”可知，Dunbar教授研究的目的是探索笑声在人类社会形成中的影响。故选D。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“Through this experiment, the researchers found that those who had recently experienced belly laughs were able to withstand (忍受) up to10% more pain than they had done before watching the videos. (通过这项实验，研究人员发现，那些最近经历过捧腹大笑的人比观看视频前能承受高达10%的疼痛)”可知，笑声有助于我们忍受更多的疼痛。由此可推知，为了承受更多的痛苦，我们最好看一些喜剧视频。故选D。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句话“chemicals called endorphins (安多芬) into the body which make us feel less painful(名为内啡肽的化学物质，使我们感觉不那么痛苦)”可知，牛津大学的罗宾·邓巴教授研究发现，大笑会向人体内释放一种化学物质，这会让人们感觉不那么痛苦。所以换线单词的意思为“释放”，与give out同义。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段第一句话“In order to measure (测量) endorphin levels, the researchers put a bag of ice on the volunteers’ arms to see how long they could withstand them. (为了测量内啡肽水平，研究人员在志愿者的手臂上放了一袋冰，看看他们能承受多久)”可知，他们通过在志愿者的手臂上放冰袋来测试内咖肽的水平。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Dunbar说的话“The next stage will be to see whether laughing really allows people to keep together and work as a group better and be more friendly towards each other.(下一阶段将是看看笑是否真的能让人们更好地团结在一起，作为一个团队工作，对彼此更友好)”可知，接下来更多关于笑的实验将会进行。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。
In a video, someone cuts open a coconut(椰子), pours its juice and takes away meat in about five seconds. What does it take to master a skill like that
Many people see it as a rule that says, “Just spend a lot of time practicing.” ____16____ Many studies have shown that to improve our skills, we cannot just practice, but must use “deliberate(刻意的) practice”.
So what is deliberate practice Imagine you want to become a professional violin player. You can already play some great pieces. Do you get better by only playing those same pieces over and over again Or do you try to learn new songs ____17____ “Deliberate practice” is different from “common practice”. It requires feedback(反馈) and constant(不断的) challenges to yourself.
____18____ Teachers can find mistakes and make corrections. But they cannot be there for us every step of the way. So we must be able to provide our own feedback and learn from our own mistakes. ____19____ If you are a runner who can run 100 meters in 12 seconds, you can try to achieve the same success in 11 seconds or even 10 seconds. Even if you are already the best in the world at something, your goals to challenge yourself and do better should never disappear.
“Professional” coconut openers can complete their tasks in five seconds. ____20____ The only difference between them is that professional openers make efforts to constantly improve themselves, while others are just continuing to “practice”.
A. But it is not the real reason.
B. Constant challenges are pretty easy.
C. There are others who take much longer.
D. They offer us something that we need.
E. Do you also record yourself and listen for mistakes
F. Feedback commonly comes from teachers and ourselves.
【答案】16. A 17. E 18. F 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍熟练不只是要不断练习，更需要的是刻意的练习。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Many people see it as a rule that says, “Just spend a lot of time practicing.”(许多人认为这是一条规则，“花很多时间练习就行了。”)”和下文“Many studies have shown that to improve our skills, we cannot just practice, but must use “deliberate(刻意的) practice”. (许多研究表明，要提高我们的技能，我们不能只是练习，而必须使用“刻意练习”。)”可知，上下文是转折关系，说明不能只是练习，而必须使用“刻意练习”才能达到上文提到的熟练程度。选项A“但这不是真正的原因。”和上下文意思一致。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Do you get better by only playing those same pieces over and over again Or do you try to learn new songs (你只是一遍又一遍地演奏同样的曲子，会变得更好吗？或者你试着学习新歌？)”可知，这里利用几个问题来展示不同的练习方法。选项E“你是否也记录下自己并倾听错误？”和上文意思一致。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Teachers can find mistakes and make corrections. But they cannot be there for us every step of the way. So we must be able to provide our own feedback and learn from our own mistakes. (老师可以发现错误并改正。但他们不可能每走一步都在我们身边。因此，我们必须能够提供自己的反馈，并从自己的错误中吸取教训。)”可知，可以从老师和自己身上来得到反馈。选项F“反馈通常来自老师和我们自己。”和下文意思一致。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据下文“If you are a runner who can run 100 meters in 12 seconds, you can try to achieve the same success in 11 seconds or even 10 seconds. Even if you are already the best in the world at something, your goals to challenge yourself and do better should never disappear. (如果你是一个能在12秒内跑完100米的跑步者，你可以尝试在11秒甚至10秒内取得同样的成功。即使你在某些方面已经是世界上最好的，你挑战自己、做得更好的目标也不应该消失。)”可知，这里建议要不断地挑战自己。选项B“不断的挑战很容易。”和下文意思一致。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文““Professional” coconut openers can complete their tasks in five seconds. (“专业”开椰子的人可以在五秒内完成任务。)”和下文“The only difference between them is that professional openers make efforts to constantly improve themselves, while others are just continuing to “practice”. (他们之间唯一的区别是，职业开椰子的人努力不断提高自己，而其他人只是在继续“练习”。)”可知，这里说明专业开椰子的和非专业的区别。选项C“还有一些人需要更长的时间。”和上下文意思一致。故选C。
Ⅱ.语言运用(共三节，满分40分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I knew Marty’s magic was fake (假的), but I just couldn’t prove it. One day I caught a lucky break. At lunch, Marty was going on about how he could make things ____21____. He had a ring in one hand and a pencil in the other.
That’s when I ____22____ it: a thin piece of fishing line around the end of the pencil and attached (连接) to Marty’s shirt! Sure enough, he made it by sliding (滑动) the ring over the pencil and hanging it from the line. No one else ____23____ the line, and soon the whole dining hall was cheering. When the crowds were gone, I walked over. It was time to____24____ the Magic Marty show.
“I know how you did it,” I said, looking him right in the eye.
“ ____25____,” Marty replied. “But the first law of magic is that…”
“It was the fishing line.”
Marty became ____26____. He looked a bit worried. Without all his confidence, he seemed more normal (平常). I suddenly felt bad.
“So, are you going to tell other people ” he asked. I thought about it for a moment. If I did, I would ____27____ be able to prove that Marty’s magic was fake. But would that really make me feel happy What about Marty He might ____28____ his new friends. How would that make him feel
“Nah,” I said. “It will be a ____29____ between you and me.”
Marty let out a relieved sigh, and I turned to walk away.
“Wait!” Marty jumped in front of me. “You’ve got a pretty good eye for magic. If you’re _____30_____, I have an idea.”
That’s how the Magic Marty and Mysterious Matt Lunch Show began.
21. A. disappear B. grow C. float D. change
22. A. saw B. heard C. felt D. smelt
23. A. confirmed B. explained C. noticed D. supported
24. A. watch B. praise C. end D. create
25. A. Indeed B. However C. Maybe D. Anyway
26. A. polite B. silent C. crazy D. curious
27. A. finally B. properly C. easily D. mainly
28. A. make B. leave C. lose D. greet
29. A. secret B. trick C. present D. reward
30. A. surprised B. interested C. satisfied D. impressed
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者发现了魔术师Marty的魔术是假的，但他决定保守秘密，并与Marty合作开始了一个新的魔术表演。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：午餐时，Marty准备表演如何让东西漂浮起来。A. disappear消失；B. grow种植；C. float漂浮；D. change改变。根据第二段“Sure enough, he made it by sliding (滑动) the ring over the pencil and hanging it from the line.”可知，Marty的魔术是让戒指通过鱼线悬浮在空中。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那就是我看到的：一根鱼线系在铅笔的尾部并和他的衬衫连在一起。A. saw看到；B. heard听到；C. felt感觉；D. smelt闻起来。根据“a thin piece of fishing line around the end of the pencil and attached (连接) to Marty’s shirt!”可知，作者看到了成功魔术背后的部分。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人注意到这根鱼线，整个大厅响起了欢呼声。A. confirmed确认；B. explained解释；C. noticed注意到；D. supported支持。根据“a thin piece of fishing line around the end of the pencil and attached (连接) to Marty’s shirt!”可知，没人注意到Marty系的那根鱼线。故选C。
24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：是时候结束Marty的魔术表演了。A. watch看；B. praise夸奖；C. end结束；D. create创造。根据“Sure enough, he made it by sliding (滑动) the ring over the pencil and hanging it from the line.”可知，作者知道了Marty魔术的秘密，所以走过去准备揭穿他。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：可能吧，但是魔术比赛的第一准则是…… A. Indeed确实；B. However然而；C. Maybe或许；D. Anyway无论如何。根据““I know how you did it,” I said, looking him right in the eye.”可知，此处Marty觉得作者可能知道秘密。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Marty变得沉默了。A. polite礼貌的；B. silent安静的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. curious好奇的。根据“He looked a bit worried.”可知，Marty听到作者说知道他魔术的秘密时，他沉默了。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我这么做了，可能终于我能证明Marty的魔术是假的了。A. finally最后；B. properly合适地；C. easily容易地；D. mainly主要地。根据“If I did”以及“But would that really make me feel happy ”可知，作者觉得最终证明这个魔术是假的了，但他也未必开心。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能会失去新朋友。A. make制作；B. leave离开；C. lose丢失；D. greet打招呼。根据“If I did, I would ____7____ be able to prove that Marty’s magic was fake.”可知，如果作者揭穿了Marty的魔术，Marty可能会失去一位新朋友。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是你我之间的秘密。A. secret秘密；B. trick诡计；C. present 礼物；D. reward奖励。根据“Marty let out a relieved sigh, and I turned to walk away.”可知，作者不打算公开Marty的魔术是假的，决定保守Marty的秘密。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你感兴趣，我有一个好主意。A. surprised惊讶的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. satisfied满意的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据“You’ve got a pretty good eye for magic.”可知，Marty问作者是否有兴趣，邀请作者一起参与到他的魔术中。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Frederic Chopin was born in March 1810 near Warsaw in Poland and was one of the greatest musicians in the world. He composed twenty-four short ____31____(piece) for the piano called preludes. The longest one, Prelude No.15, is better ____32____(know) by its nickname, the “Raindrop” Prelude. How did it get its nickname
One day in 1838, when Chopin’s lover George Sand went out in a rainstorm, Chopin became worried. While he ____33____(wait) for Sand, he wrote Prelude No.15.
When Sand came back, Chopin played ____34____(she) the music. Sand thought the notes sounded like raindrops. She let Chopin listen to the raindrops ____35____(fall) on the roof. This made Chopin ____36____(happy). He insisted that he never paid attention to those sounds or ____37____(copy) them.
However, like Sand, many people hear raindrops in this prelude. Some notes repeating throughout the piece sound like raindrops. The flow of the music is like rain, too. The piece starts ____38____(soft), but it gets louder, like rain getting ____39____(heavy). Then the music gets quiet and finally _____40_____(end), like rain when it stops.
【答案】31 pieces
32. known 33. was waiting
34. her 35. falling
36. unhappy
37. copied 38. softly
39. heavier
40. ends
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述肖邦创作的音乐之一——第15前奏曲《雨滴》。
【31题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他为钢琴创作了二十四首名为前奏曲的短曲。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前面有twenty-four修饰，名词用复数形式。故填pieces。
【32题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最长的一首，第15前奏曲，更为人所知的是它的昵称，“雨滴”前奏曲。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词know和句子主语The longest one是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作表语。故填known。
【33题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：在等待Sand的时候，他写了第15前奏曲。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去正在进行的动作，谓语用过去进行时，主语是he，be动词用was。故填was waiting。
【34题详解】
考查代词。句意：当Sand回来后，肖邦给她演奏了那首音乐。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要代词宾格，作宾语。故填her。
【35题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她让肖邦倾听雨点从屋顶上落下的声音。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词fall是被修饰的名词raindrops主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动，作补语。故填falling。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这使肖邦很不高兴。分析句子结构和下文意思可知，肖邦认为他的音乐是自创的，不是模仿的雨滴的声音，所以Sand的做法让他很不高兴，unhappy做宾语补足语。故填unhappy。
【37题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：他坚持说，他从来没有注意过这些声音，也没有模仿过它们。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填copied。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：这首曲子开始时很轻柔，但声音越来越大，就像雨下得越来越大一样。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，修饰谓语动词starts。故填softly。
【39题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：见第8题详解。分析句子结构和上文的louder可知，这里指随着音乐开始，声音变得越来越大，就像雨下得越来越大一样，所以用比较级。故填heavier。
【40题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：然后音乐变得安静，最后结束，就像雨停了一样。根据“ the music gets quiet ”可知，谓语用一般现在时，主语是the music，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填ends。
第三节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Four rules for a healthy life
____41____ Thanks to better health care most people are living healthier and longer lives. It’s even thought that in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays. Here are four rules for a healthy life.
1. Get off the sofa!
Sure, it’s comfortable to sit on the sofa and watch TV. But doctors say you should get off the sofa. ____42____ 要保持健康，你每天至少应走10000步。In the past, people’s jobs required more physical effort. They often had to walk for miles every day. When farmers were working, they were keeping fit at the same time. Think about it: Do you get the same amount of exercise today as they did in the past
2. Eat healthy food!
____43____ 吃新鲜自然的食物很重要，for example, fruit and vegetables. Fast food is not healthy. You should only have it once in a while. Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health.
3. Rest while you can!
____44____ When we were babies, we slept for much of the night. Teenagers do not need as much sleep as babies, but it’s important for you to get about eight hours’ sleep a night. At weekends, you’ve got more time, so use it not just for your friends, but for rest too.
4. Don’t worry. Be happy!
____45____ 许多人认为幸福对我们的健康很重要。Sometimes it is not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school, exams or friendships. If you’re worried about something, talk to your parents or your teacher.
【答案】41. 多亏了更好的医疗保健，大多数人活得更健康、更长寿。
42. To keep fit, you have to walk at least 10,000 steps every day.
43. It’s important to eat food that is fresh and natural.
44. 婴儿时期，我们夜里大部分时间都在睡觉。
45. Many people believe that happiness is important for our health.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了健康生活的四条规则。
【41题详解】
考查英译汉。句子时态是现在进行时，thanks to (多亏)，better (更好的)，health care (医疗保健)，most people (大多数人)，live a(n)+adj.+life/lives (过着……的生活)，healthier and longer (更健康的、更长寿的)，故翻译为：多亏了更好的医疗保健，大多数人活得更健康、更长寿。
【42题详解】
考查汉译英。keep fit (保持健康)用不定式形式作目的状语，结合every day (每天)可知句子时态是一般现在时，have to do sth. (不得不做某事)，walk (走)，at least (至少)，10,000 steps (10000步)，故翻译为：To keep fit, you have to walk at least 10,000 steps every day.
【43题详解】
考查汉译英。讲述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，固定句式it is +adj.+to do sth.，important (重要的)，eat food (吃食物)，“新鲜自然的”用限制性定语从句修饰先行词food，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which，从句主系表结构，fresh (新鲜的)，natural (自然的)，故翻译为：It’s important to eat food that is fresh and natural.
【44题详解】
考查英译汉。When引导时间状语从句，句子时态是一般过去时，we (我们)，babies (婴儿)，slept (睡觉)，for much of the night (夜里大部分时间)，故翻译为：婴儿时期，我们夜里大部分时间都在睡觉。
【45题详解】
考查汉译英。讲述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，many people (许多人)，believe (认为)后接宾语从句，从句主系表结构，happiness (幸福)，important (重要的)，for our health (对我们的健康)，故翻译为：Many people believe that happiness is important for our health.
Ⅲ.写作(满分20分)
46. 同学们，在过去的学习生活中，你一定经历过很多次尝试，可能有成功、有失败、有欣喜、有泪水……请以“My First Try”为题，用英语写一篇短文，记录你成长中的第一次尝试。
要求：
1.100词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
My First Try
When it comes to the topic of “My First Try”,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
My Fist Try
When it comes to the topic of “My First Try”, I’ll never forget the meaningful experience I had in this summer.
It was my first time to be a volunteer. As a member of Animal Helpers, I volunteered to be responsible for washing, feeding and playing with homeless dogs. At the same time, I took some photos of them and made posters online to call on more people to give a hand. Through my efforts, over eight dogs were lucky to find their new homes. When I saw them taken good care of and they brought the people much fun, I got such a strong feeling of pride and achievement.
I realize that each life is important and the tiny things I do can make a difference.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“My First Try”为题，用英语写一篇短文，记录成长中的第一次尝试。
【详解】1.词汇积累
有意义的：meaningful→purposeful
（对……）负责：be responsible for→be accountable for
呼吁，号召：call on→appeal to
幸运的：lucky→fortunate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It was my first time to be a volunteer.
拓展句：It was the first time that I had been a volunteer.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When it comes to the topic of “My First Try”, I’ll never forget the meaningful experience I had in this summer. (运用了固定句型和省略关系代词引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】I realize that each life is important and the tiny things I do can make a difference. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和省略关系代词引导的限制性定语从句)长郡中学2023级高一入学检测试卷
英语
时量：90分钟 满分：100分
I.阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A WONDERFUL NIGHT AT CHANGSHA AQUARIUM(海洋馆)
Have you ever seen sea animals at night What do they do Eat Sleep Swim Let’s go and enjoy the happy time.Time:6:30 p.m.～8:30 p.m. on Saturday.
* You can enjoy dinner at our restaurant under the water from 6:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
*You can’t eat anything while you are watching the sea animals.
*Each tour costs 15 yuan. You can buy the tickets at the gate of the aquarium.
*You can decide which tour you will join after you arrive at the aquarium.
1. If you want to enjoy 4 tours, how much will you pay for them
A. 15 yuan. B. 30 yuan. C. 45 yuan. D. 60 yuan.
2. What can’t you do while you are watching the sea animals
A. Feed the fish. B. Eat food.
C. Take pictures. D. Walk with the penguins.
3 How long can you enjoy the activities at the aquarium at most in on enight
A. Half an hour. B. One hour.
C. One and a half hours. D. Two hours.
B
Energy is the ability to do work. Solar energy comes from the Sun.There is also energy that comes from wind and water.
But do you know that energy can come from people, too When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike. That makes the bike move.
Now imagine riding your bike to create enough power to run a computer. Some students at one school did just that! They jumped on bikes connected to generators (发电机) and pedaled in place. Soon they were producing electricity. This energy is needed to run their computers.
Here is how bicycle-powered energy works. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins (旋转). The wheel spins the generator. The generator produces electricity. As long as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity moves through the generator. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can also be stored and used later.
People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. They often use less than 100 watts per hour. However, it would be a mistake to use pedal power to run a fridge. This large machine often uses more than 700 watts per hour. The electricity for these machines comes from power lines overhead or underground.
Pedal power can be seen in schools, gyms, and homes. What a fun way to provide electricity!
4 How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2
A. By asking a question.
B. By telling a joke.
C. By using an old saying.
D. By making a survey.
5. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A. The future of new energy.
B. The forms of world’s energy.
C. Producing bicycle-powered energy.
D. Using bicycle-powered energy.
6. What do we know about bicycle-powered energy
A. It can’t be seen in schools.
B. It can be stored and used later.
C. It comes from wind and water.
D. It’s from power lines overhead.
C
People believe that every word has its correct meaning (s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past
Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words — both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A -Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word.
Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.
So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker.
As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.
7. Why did dictionary writers read important books
A. To know more about the period.
B. To collect words and their uses.
C. To understand different subjects.
D. To learn to use interesting words.
8. Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past
A. ①—③—④—② B. ①—②—④—③
C. ③—①—④—② D. ③—④—②—①
9. What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past
A. It was long-time hard work.
B. It was a task of inventing and recording.
C. It should be done by historians.
D. It had to use the law-making rules.
10. What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication
A. Try to create new words.
B. Follow the dictionary strictly.
C. Use online dictionaries instead.
D. Be open to the new uses of words.
D
It is often said the laughter is the best medicine. But researchers at the University of Oxford think the ability to belly laughs (捧腹大笑) was unique to early humans. This, they believe, made our ancestors (祖先) able to form much larger groups.
The researchers first tested the pain thresholds (临界值) of some volunteers. They divided them into two groups. One group was shown15 minutes of comedy videos, while the other was shown boring programs.
Through this experiment, the researchers found that those who had recently experienced belly laughs were able to withstand (忍受) up to10% more pain than they had done before watching the videos. To their surprise, the scientists also found that the other group was less able to with stand pain after watching 15 minutes of the “boring” programs.
Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University, who led the research, believed that belly laughs release chemicals called endorphins (安多芬) into the body which make us feel less painful.
However, not all comedy programs had such effects, according to Prof Dunbar. For example, though clever stand-up comedy was found to be enjoyable, it had no effect on raising pain thresholds.“Things that worked very well were interesting comedies such as Mr. Bean. Situation comedies such as Friends also seemed to be particularly successful,”he added.
In order to measure (测量) endorphin levels, the researchers put a bag of ice on the volunteers’ arms to see how long they could withstand them. They found that the greater the increase in pain thresholds, the greater the amount of endorphins produced.
The purpose of Prof Dunbar’s study was not to develop a new treatment. Instead, it was to study the role of laughter in the forming of human societies two million years ago.
“The next stage will be to see whether laughing really allows people to keep together and work as a group better and be more friendly towards each other. If that is the case, then it may explain why some two million years ago, the first humans were able to form large communities of up to 100,”Dunbar added.
11. Prof Dunbar’s study was to .
A. test the pain thresholds of humans
B. measure the endorphin levels while laughing
C. develop a new kind of medicine that reduces pain
D. explore the influence of laughter in forming human societies
12. In order to withstand more pain, we’d better .
A. watch some scary films B. watch some beautiful pictures
C. watch some boring programs D. watch some comedy videos
13. The meaning of the underlined word “release” in the passage may be
A. look out B. stand out C. find out D. give out
14. What did the researcher do to measure the level of endorphins
A. Let the volunteers watch videos.
B. Ask the volunteers to live in the lab.
C. Make the volunteers have medicines.
D. Put ice bags on the volunteers’ arms.
15. What can we know from the last paragraph
A. More experiments about laughter will be carried out.
B. Laughter makes people keep together and work as a group.
C. People who laugh a lot are more friendly towards each other.
D. The first humans could only form small communities less than 100.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。
In a video, someone cuts open a coconut(椰子), pours its juice and takes away meat in about five seconds. What does it take to master a skill like that
Many people see it as a rule that says, “Just spend a lot of time practicing.” ____16____ Many studies have shown that to improve our skills, we cannot just practice, but must use “deliberate(刻意的) practice”.
So what is deliberate practice Imagine you want to become a professional violin player. You can already play some great pieces. Do you get better by only playing those same pieces over and over again Or do you try to learn new songs ____17____ “Deliberate practice” is different from “common practice”. It requires feedback(反馈) and constant(不断的) challenges to yourself.
____18____ Teachers can find mistakes and make corrections. But they cannot be there for us every step of the way. So we must be able to provide our own feedback and learn from our own mistakes. ____19____ If you are a runner who can run 100 meters in 12 seconds, you can try to achieve the same success in 11 seconds or even 10 seconds. Even if you are already the best in the world at something, your goals to challenge yourself and do better should never disappear.
“Professional” coconut openers can complete their tasks in five seconds. ____20____ The only difference between them is that professional openers make efforts to constantly improve themselves while others are just continuing to “practice”.
A. But it is not the real reason.
B. Constant challenges are pretty easy.
C. There are others who take much longer.
D. They offer us something that we need.
E. Do you also record yourself and listen for mistakes
F. Feedback commonly comes from teachers and ourselves.
Ⅱ.语言运用(共三节，满分40分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I knew Marty’s magic was fake (假的), but I just couldn’t prove it. One day I caught a lucky break. At lunch, Marty was going on about how he could make things ____21____. He had a ring in one hand and a pencil in the other.
That’s when I ____22____ it: a thin piece of fishing line around the end of the pencil and attached (连接) to Marty’s shirt! Sure enough, he made it by sliding (滑动) the ring over the pencil and hanging it from the line. No one else ____23____ the line, and soon the whole dining hall was cheering. When the crowds were gone, I walked over. It was time to____24____ the Magic Marty show.
“I know how you did it,” I said, looking him right in the eye.
“ ____25____,” Marty replied. “But the first law of magic is that…”
“It was the fishing line.”
Marty became ____26____. He looked a bit worried. Without all his confidence, he seemed more normal (平常). I suddenly felt bad.
“So, are you going to tell other people ” he asked. I thought about it for a moment. If I did, I would ____27____ be able to prove that Marty’s magic was fake. But would that really make me feel happy What about Marty He might ____28____ his new friends. How would that make him feel
“Nah,” I said. “It will be a ____29____ between you and me.”
Marty let out a relieved sigh, and I turned to walk away.
“Wait!” Marty jumped in front of me. “You’ve got a pretty good eye for magic. If you’re _____30_____, I have an idea.”
That’s how the Magic Marty and Mysterious Matt Lunch Show began.
21. A. disappear B. grow C. float D. change
22. A. saw B. heard C. felt D. smelt
23. A. confirmed B. explained C. noticed D. supported
24. A. watch B. praise C. end D. create
25. A. Indeed B. However C. Maybe D. Anyway
26. A. polite B. silent C. crazy D. curious
27. A. finally B. properly C. easily D. mainly
28. A. make B. leave C. lose D. greet
29. A. secret B. trick C. present D. reward
30. A. surprised B. interested C. satisfied D. impressed
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词正确形式。
Frederic Chopin was born in March 1810 near Warsaw in Poland and was one of the greatest musicians in the world. He composed twenty-four short ____31____(piece) for the piano called preludes. The longest one, Prelude No.15, is better ____32____(know) by its nickname, the “Raindrop” Prelude. How did it get its nickname
One day in 1838, when Chopin’s lover George Sand went out in a rainstorm, Chopin became worried. While he ____33____(wait) for Sand, he wrote Prelude No.15.
When Sand came back, Chopin played ____34____(she) the music. Sand thought the notes sounded like raindrops. She let Chopin listen to the raindrops ____35____(fall) on the roof. This made Chopin ____36____(happy). He insisted that he never paid attention to those sounds or ____37____(copy) them.
However like Sand, many people hear raindrops in this prelude. Some notes repeating throughout the piece sound like raindrops. The flow of the music is like rain, too. The piece starts ____38____(soft), but it gets louder, like rain getting ____39____(heavy). Then the music gets quiet and finally _____40_____(end), like rain when it stops.
第三节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Four rules for a healthy life
____41____ Thanks to better health care, most people are living healthier and longer lives. It’s even thought that in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays. Here are four rules for a healthy life.
1. Get off the sofa!
Sure, it’s comfortable to sit on the sofa and watch TV. But doctors say you should get off the sofa. ____42____ 要保持健康，你每天至少应走10000步。In the past, people’s jobs required more physical effort. They often had to walk for miles every day. When farmers were working, they were keeping fit at the same time. Think about it: Do you get the same amount of exercise today as they did in the past
2. Eat healthy food!
____43____ 吃新鲜自然的食物很重要，for example, fruit and vegetables. Fast food is not healthy. You should only have it once in a while. Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health.
3. Rest while you can!
____44____ When we were babies, we slept for much of the night. Teenagers do not need as much sleep as babies, but it’s important for you to get about eight hours’ sleep a night. At weekends, you’ve got more time, so use it not just for your friends, but for rest too.
4. Don’t worry. Be happy!
____45____ 许多人认为幸福对我们的健康很重要。Sometimes it is not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school, exams or friendships. If you’re worried about something, talk to your parents or your teacher.
Ⅲ.写作(满分20分)
46. 同学们，在过去的学习生活中，你一定经历过很多次尝试，可能有成功、有失败、有欣喜、有泪水……请以“My First Try”为题，用英语写一篇短文，记录你成长中的第一次尝试。
要求：
1.100词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
My First Try
When it comes to the topic of “My First Try”,
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