新余市实验中学2023-2024学年度高二开学检测英语试卷
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.
1. What sport does the woman like best now
A. Volleyball. B. Basketball. C. Tennis.
2. Why is the woman unhappy
A. Her father is strict with her.
B. One of her family members is ill
C. She fails to get on with her mother.
3. When did the woman graduate
A. In 1998. B. In 2003. C. In 2008.
4 Which watch will the woman probably choose
A. Longines. B. Fiyta. C. Omega.
5. Where does the conversation take place
A. At a theatre. B. At the airport. C. In a hotel.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白. 每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题.
6. What are the speakers talking about
A. Chinese paintings. B. Chinese tea. C. Chinese mountains.
7. How does black tea taste according to the woman
A. Sweet. B. Light. C. Heavy.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What does Jim suggest the woman to do
A. Check the breathing. B. Make a call C. Perform CPR.
9. What phone number does Jim call
A. 120. B. 911 C. 119.
10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Doctor and patient. B. Strangers. C. Friends.
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题.
11. Who is the present from
A. Mr. Li. B. Mr. White. C. Ann.
12. Which city does Mr. White live in
A.Nanjing. B. Beijing. C. Shanghai.
13. Which bus does Mr. White advise the woman to take
A. Bus 306. B. Bus 310 C. Bus 360
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题
14. What does the man say about friendly people
A. They are often fair.
B. They are serious sometimes.
C. They are usually active and fun.
15. What kind of quality does the woman think is important
A. Honesty. B. Bravery. C. Confidence.
16. Why does the woman dislike funny people
A They are usually dishonest.
B. They lack facial expressions.
C. They seem to take nothing seriously.
17. What is the speaker doing
A. Visiting a university. B. Sharing her experience. C. Introducing her hobbies.
18. What is the speaker
A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A basketball coach.
19. How does the speaker feel about her college life
A. Frightened. B. Satisfied. C. Curious.
20. What is the best way to overcome fears in the speaker’s opinion
A. Talking with others. B. Finding similarities. C. Doing sports.
第二部分阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As the forest decreases, Africa has become overly dependent on several tree species. Fortunately, the Volunteer National Parks and Reserves Project is helping to stop this terrible trend. Choose from Kakum National Park, Shai Hills Resource Reserve or Mole National Park and make a vital contribution to environmental preservation in Ghana.
Quick facts
Programme: Volunteer Ghana Project Site: National parks & reserves
Minimum Duration: 4 weeks Language Requirement: English
Minimum Age: 18 Accommodations: 2 meals daily & Homestay
Working Hours: 7 hours per day Start Dates: Every other Friday
Your role as a volunteer
You will help by maintaining the grounds, constructing or repairing park facilities and assisting with land management projects, as well as directing park visitors, promoting the park’s tourist appeal and raising awareness of environmental issues.
Also help lower the rate of forest decrease and protect the biodiversity within Ghana’s national parks and reserves. Media-loved volunteers may also get involved in park projects related to video creation, photography and image arts.
National parks and reserves volunteers typically work five days, from Monday to Friday. Working hours are from 8 a. m. until 3 p. m... However, schedules and exact duties may vary depending on the park you’re based at, your qualifications, and the time and duration of your stay.
Journey to work
National parks and reserves volunteers are placed with a host family living either in the park or in a village nearby.
Contact us
To get further information, please visit our website at www..
Join the Volunteer National Parks and Reserves Project to do your part for the environment in Ghana.
1. What does the project offer volunteers
A. Free trips across Ghana.
B. Two meals every day.
C A language course.
D. A 4-week training.
2. What does a volunteer’s job involve
A. Helping ground management.
B. Building more nature reserves.
C. Introducing various tree species.
D. Tearing down old park equipment.
3. What is the project intended to do
A. Stop animals from dying out.
B. Protect Ghana’s environment.
C. Keep the diversity of culture.
D. Collect ecological information.
B
I’ve never been someone who gets homesick, but the prospect (展望) of going home in a few clays is one of the few things keeping me going. It has been a stressful term. I’m looking forward to seeing my family and friends. But despite my excitement, I’ve been having some Thanksgiving break-caused anxiety. I feel like I’m under a time crunch (困境) trying to fit so many things into just a few clays. Will I have time to see all my friends, spend time with family, and get my work alone
I’m definitely still grateful that I am able to go home, but it’s strange because I’ve never connected Thanksgiving with being anxious before. Maybe I feel this way because it’s my first year. Breaks in college are different from high school. Teachers usually didn’t give work over break and I could relax the entire time in high school, but it doesn’t exactly work that way here.
Everyone has been so busy this term, and it’s difficult to relax, knowing that we have assignments due as soon as class restarts. The fact that reading period starts only 10 days after break doesn’t help either. I don’t know if I’ll ever get used to how fast college moves. Final weeks and winter break are going to be here before we know it, and that is slightly terrifying.
Even though I feel this mixture of excitement and anxiety, the break has helped me gain a better understanding about my first term of college. I’ve met so many new people and become part of clubs that I’m passionate about. The to-do list will still be there over break, but it’s nice to look back and see that I managed to get through most of the term pretty successfully. I’m still thankful for my family and friends as usual, but this year I’m especially thankful for myself.
4. How does the author feel about the coming Thanksgiving break
A. Eager but anxious. B. Relaxed but doubtful.
C. Excited but frightened. D. Curious but stressed.
5. What can we infer about breaks in college
A. They are free of homework. B. They are tasked with much work.
C They are full of relaxation. D. They are important for progress.
6. What makes the author a little terrified
A. The reading period. B. The coming exams.
C. The fast pace of college life. D. The short period of winter break.
7. What does the author realize when reflecting on the first term
A. The to-do list pushes him to learn.
B. He has gained a lot from college life.
C. Adapting to the new life requires family support.
D. Self-independence is more important than others, support.
C
Throughout folktale, tales of shapeshifting creatures, from wolves to vampires, have often spread horror across a variety of cultures. But these physical transformations are not limited to the pages of fiction.
A review article suggests that climate change could be physically altering a variety of species across the planet, as individuals change their shape to suit the rising temperatures across the world. Features such as tails, legs and ears are changing to provide different levels of heat exchange with the environment. Warm-blooded animals tend to have longer ears, tails, and limbs if they live in warmer conditions, compared with similar animals in colder places. The long body parts provide a bigger skin surface that they can use to get rid of extra heat.
While the changes occur across a range of species, they’re not universal across every animal considered. These adaptations may be beneficial in the short to medium term, but as the climate continues to change, animals can not continually adapt. At some point, the trade-off won’t be beneficial anymore, which could lead to population declines and even extinction. So, while a larger beak may be useful for species wanting to lose more heat, if it makes the beak more impractical for feeding then it may end up being more of a disadvantage for the birds. There are also a variety of other ways of controlling body temperature that don’t require changes in body shape, such as behavioral changes like making use of shade and migrating at warmer times of year.
Of course, to some extent we already know what’s needed to limit the emptiness of the future natural world. This includes reducing greenhouse gases; protecting biodiversity; restoring connectivity between habitats; and reducing interrelated threats like pollution and land harvesting. Even species that are close to extinction can be brought back from the edge with enough conservation effort.
8. What’s the function of Paragraph 1
A. To show the prevalence of shapeshifting creatures.
B. To introduce the topic of animals’ physical changes.
C. To stress the fear caused by shapeshifting creatures.
D. To list examples of shapeshifting creatures in folktales.
9. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is TURE
A. Animals extend some of their body parts to achieve better cooling effect.
B. Climate change is having a huge impact on almost every species on the earth.
C. Animals transform their physical features to adapt to the drop of temperatures.
D. Warm-blooded animals in colder places are more likely to have longer body parts.
10. Why does the author mention the example of “a larger beak” in Paragraph 3
A. To warn that some changes in animals’ body parts do no good at all.
B. To indicate that the rising temperatures have caused birds more harm.
C. To introduce behavioral changes as a better way to deal with climate change.
D. To demonstrate the limited or even negative effect of physical transformations.
11. What’s the author’s attitude toward the future of the natural world
A. Doubtful. B. Hopeful. C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous.
D
Most people don’t lie very much. It makes sense. By being honest with people, you not only buildup goodwill, but also save a lot of brainpower since your brain doesn’t have to do anything out of the ordinary when you tell the truth. You just think of what you want to say, and you say it.
However, lying takes much more work. Imagine you’re late to class and the teacher asks why. If you decide to lie, you have to make up a story on the spot, think about the various directions the conversation might take and figure out what you need to say to keep this whole lie from falling apart. You might not be aware of it, but you just give your brain a lot of extra work. “A lot of that brain work is done in a region called the prefrontal cortex. It’s the part in charge of working memory,” explains Jennifer Vendemia, a scientist from the University of South Carolina.
Working memory keeps something in mind just for a little while, such as remembering instructions for how to play a game or some other specific task. It stores things for only a short while as you’re using them, and it doesn’t put them in long-term storage. Besides working memory, the prefrontal cortex also takes care of tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control. Scientists describe these as executive function tasks. Executive function lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you’re telling will likely holdup to questioning. “Spending so much brainpower trying to keep a story straight means there’s less available for other things,” says Vendemia. “Lying is especially harmful for young people as the prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until around age 25. When the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, younger people have a harder time doing other tasks.”
Lying has social costs, too. People generally value honesty and don’t like liars. So if people view you as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The costs of lying to people. B. The true meaning of honesty.
C. The benefits of being truthful. D. The difficulty of being a good liar.
13. Why is a lying student mentioned in the second paragraph
A. To prove a theory. B. To introduce a topic.
C. To provide the background. D. To give an example.
14. Which of the following is the function of working memory
A. Remembering a life-long lesson.
B. Storing information for a short time.
C. Pushing oneself to face difficulties.
D. Processing information in the brain.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. What Are the Harmful Effects of Lying
B. Which Part of Brain Is in Charge of Lying
C. When Is It Especially Bad for People to Lie
D. How Can We Keep Lies From Falling Apart
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) .
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In such a busy world, it is easy for us to ignore some details that may determine success or failure, which is really annoying. Fortunately, attention to details is a learned skill, and it’s one that you can definitely develop!
1. Make full and neat lists.
Making lists is a really useful way to be organized and to make sure that you know when and how everything needs to come together. ___16___ In that way, you’ll know what you actually did before.
2. ___17___
When you’re distracted, you’re not going to be able to recall things as easily as usual and more likely to forget the details of your project or homework. So if you work at home, put your phone on silent and tell your friends and family members not to call you when you’re working unless it’s an emergency. ___18___
3. Don’t do several things at the same time.
Multitasking spreads your attention out over a variety of items instead of focusing on one specific item. ___19___ Using the list that you’ve drawn up, you can go from project to project, giving each your full attention without checking your phone.
4. Take breaks.
___20___ Make sure that you schedule your projects around the same time each day and try to rest for 10 to 15 minutes each time. This will give your brain a chance to relax in time for the next project. A break can be something as simple as stretching and taking a short walk around your office, or going for coffee down the street.
A. Get organized if it is possible.
B. Try you best to limit the distractions.
C. Once you’ve completed an item on your list, check it off.
D. In other words, you are unable to give full attention to each item.
E. At workplace, simply say, “I really have to get this project finished.”
F. A good way to keep your brain sharp and focus on details is to take rests.
G. You need to arrange your life to have hope of paying attention to the small things.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since 2020 the world has set a goal of safe water for all and has advanced toward it. However, the fast-growing bottled-water industry is ___21___ countries’ failure to achieve the goal.
The fast-growing bottled water can ___22___ the progress safe-water projects, by ___23___ their attention to a less reliable option(选择). The latest UN University report showed that the annual ___24___ of the global bottled-water market are expected to $ 500 billion worldwide this decade. This can increase ___25___ in water-depleted (缺水的) areas while ___26___ to plastic pollution on land and in the oceans. In fact, the industry’s greatest impact seems to ___27___ the progress of nations’ goals to provide its residents with equal access to affordable drinking water. In the Global North, bottled water is often understood to be healthier and ___28___ than tap water. It is more a luxury than a necessity. Meanwhile, in the Global South, it is the absence of reliable public water ___29___ that drives bottled water markets.
Therefore, in many low- and middle-income countries. ____30____ consumption of bottled water can be seen as a ____31____ of decades of governments’ failure to ____32____ commitments(承诺) to safe public water systems. This further widens the global ____33____ between the billions of people who lack access to ____34____ water services and those who enjoy water as a luxury. So it’s time to strengthen legislation (立法) to. ____35____ the industry and its water-quality standards.
21. A. covering B. preventing C. delaying D. challenging
22. A. quicken B. improve C. damage D. protect
23. A. concentrating B. turning C. fixing D. attracting
24. A. sales B. losses C. prices D. products
25. A. range B. motivation C. income D. stress
26. A. admitting B. expressing C. contributing D. developing
27. A. keep up B. keep on C. keep back D. keep down
28. A. clearer B. tastier C. friendlier D. cheaper
29. A. supply B. test C. order D. discovery
30. A. Declining B. Rising C. Slowing D. Controlling
31. A. sign B. objective C. origin D. example
32. A. work out B. break away C. set off D. carry out
33. A. link B. cooperation C. gap D. relation
34. A. costly B. unsafe C. dependent D. reliable
35. A. teach B. confirm C. regulate D. expand
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ding Liren, a 30-year-old from Wenzhou, China, has become China’s first men’s world chess champion after defeating Russia’s Ian Nepomniachtchi. Ding ____36____ (win) a rapid-play tiebreaker (决胜局) after 14 first-stage games at the World Chess Championship in Kazakhstan. Ding’s victory makes him the 17th winner of the world chess game. His success,____37____ (wide) celebrated in China, shows the country’s rising influence in global chess.
____38____ Nepomniachtchi put up a strong fight, this marked his second loss in the championship finals. For the tiebreaker, each player had only 25 minutes to make their moves, plus ____39____ extra ten seconds for every move they made. Ding won in the fourth quick game and had finished second at the Candidates Tournament, which ____40____ (player) must win to challenge the world champion.
Ding’s journey in chess has been ____41____ (amaze), from becoming China’s youngest national champion in 2009 ____42____ ranking second worldwide. He also holds the longest undefeated record in top-level chess history from 2017 to 2018. This victory reflects China’s growth in the global chess scene. China ____43____ (be) strong in women’s chess since the 1990s, when Xie Jun became the first Chinese person ____44____ (receive) a world title in 1991 in the women’s game. No Chinese player had ever won the World Chess Championship before, in ____45____ both men and women can compete.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 书面表达 （15分）
46. 假设你校开展了一系列劳动实践课程，包括蔬菜种植、手工制作、家电维修等等。请你写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，内容包括：1. 你喜爱的课程；2. 你的心得体会；3. 对课程的建议。
My Favorite Hands-on Course
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节：读后续写（25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Many years ago, when I was a young man in my twenties, I worked as a salesman for a St. Louis piano company. Every time we would advertise in Southeast Missouri, we would receive a reply on a postcard which said, “Please bring me a new piano for my little granddaughter. I can pay $10 a month with my egg money.” The old lady scrawled on and on and on that postcard until she filled it up.
Of course, we could not sell a new piano for $10 a month. No finance company would carry a contract with payments that small, so we ignored her postcards.
One day, however, I happened to be in that area calling on other replies, and out of curiosity I decided to look the old lady up: The old lady lived in a small and dirty house in the middle of a cotton field. There were chickens in the house. Obviously, the old lady could not have qualified to purchase anything on credit. Her little granddaughter was about 10, barefoot. I explained to the old lady that we could not sell a new piano for $10 a month. However, she still sent us the same postcard every six weeks.
A couple of years later, I owned my own piano company, and when I advertised in that area, the postcards started coming to me. For months, I ignored them.
But then, one day, despite knowing that I was about to make a terrible business decision, I delivered the piano to the old lady and told her I would carry the contract myself at $10 a month with no interest, and that would mean 52 payments. I took the new piano in the house and placed it where I thought the roof would be least likely to rain on it. It old her and the little girl to try to keep the chickens off of it, and I left — sure I had just thrown away a new piano.
But the payments came in, all 52 of them as agreed — sometimes with coins taped to a 3×5inch card in the envelope. It was incredible!
So, I put the incident out of my mind for 20 years.
注意
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Then one day, as I was sitting at the bar having an after-dinner drink, I heard the most beautiful piano music behind me.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: She told me her name was Elise and since her grandmother couldn’t afford to pay for lessons, she had learned to play by listening to the radio.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________新余市实验中学2023-2024学年度高二开学检测英语试卷
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.
1. What sport does the woman like best now
A. Volleyball. B. Basketball. C. Tennis.
2. Why is the woman unhappy
A. Her father is strict with her.
B. One of her family members is ill
C. She fails to get on with her mother.
3. When did the woman graduate
A. In 1998. B. In 2003. C. In 2008.
4. Which watch will the woman probably choose
A Longines. B. Fiyta. C. Omega.
5. Where does the conversation take place
A. At a theatre. B. At the airport. C. In a hotel.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白. 每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题.
6. What are the speakers talking about
A. Chinese paintings. B. Chinese tea. C. Chinese mountains.
7. How does black tea taste according to the woman
A. Sweet. B. Light. C. Heavy.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What does Jim suggest the woman to do
A. Check the breathing. B. Make a call C. Perform CPR.
9. What phone number does Jim call
A. 120. B. 911 C. 119.
10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Doctor and patient. B. Strangers. C. Friends.
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题.
11. Who is the present from
A. Mr. Li. B. Mr. White. C. Ann.
12. Which city does Mr. White live in
A.Nanjing. B. Beijing. C. Shanghai.
13. Which bus does Mr. White advise the woman to take
A. Bus 306. B. Bus 310 C. Bus 360
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题
14. What does the man say about friendly people
A. They are often fair.
B. They are serious sometimes.
C. They are usually active and fun.
15. What kind of quality does the woman think is important
A. Honesty. B. Bravery. C. Confidence.
16. Why does the woman dislike funny people
A. They are usually dishonest.
B. They lack facial expressions.
C. They seem to take nothing seriously.
17. What is the speaker doing
A. Visiting a university. B. Sharing her experience. C. Introducing her hobbies.
18. What is the speaker
A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A basketball coach.
19. How does the speaker feel about her college life
A. Frightened. B. Satisfied. C. Curious.
20. What is the best way to overcome fears in the speaker’s opinion
A. Talking with others. B. Finding similarities. C. Doing sports.
第二部分阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As the forest decreases, Africa has become overly dependent on several tree species. Fortunately, the Volunteer National Parks and Reserves Project is helping to stop this terrible trend. Choose from Kakum National Park, Shai Hills Resource Reserve or Mole National Park and make a vital contribution to environmental preservation in Ghana.
Quick facts
Programme: Volunteer Ghana Project Site: National parks & reserves
Minimum Duration: 4 weeks Language Requirement: English
Minimum Age: 18 Accommodations: 2 meals daily & Homestay
Working Hours: 7 hours per day Start Dates: Every other Friday
Your role as a volunteer
You will help by maintaining the grounds, constructing or repairing park facilities and assisting with land management projects, as well as directing park visitors, promoting the park’s tourist appeal and raising awareness of environmental issues.
Also help lower the rate of forest decrease and protect the biodiversity within Ghana’s national parks and reserves. Media-loved volunteers may also get involved in park projects related to video creation, photography and image arts.
National parks and reserves volunteers typically work five days, from Monday to Friday. Working hours are from 8 a. m. until 3 p. m... However, schedules and exact duties may vary depending on the park you’re based at, your qualifications, and the time and duration of your stay.
Journey to work
National parks and reserves volunteers are placed with a host family living either in the park or in a village nearby.
Contact us
To get further information, please visit our website at www..
Join the Volunteer National Parks and Reserves Project to do your part for the environment in Ghana.
1. What does the project offer volunteers
A. Free trips across Ghana.
B. Two meals every day.
C. A language course.
D. A 4-week training.
2. What does a volunteer’s job involve
A. Helping ground management.
B. Building more nature reserves.
C. Introducing various tree species.
D. Tearing down old park equipment.
3. What is the project intended to do
A. Stop animals from dying out.
B. Protect Ghana’s environment.
C. Keep the diversity of culture.
D. Collect ecological information.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为保护生态环境，加纳招募志愿者的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Quick facts之下的“Accommodations: 2 meals daily & Homestay”（住宿：每天两顿饭和寄宿家庭）可知，该项目为志愿者提供了每天两餐饭。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Your role as a volunteer下第一段“You will help by maintaining the grounds, constructing or repairing park facilities and assisting with land management projects, as well as directing park visitors, promoting the park’s tourist appeal and raising awareness of environmental issues.”（您将通过维护场地、建造或修复公园设施、协助土地管理项目、指导公园游客、促进公园的游客吸引力和提高对环境问题的认识来提供帮助。）可知，志愿者的工作包括帮助维护地面管理。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Contact us下的“Join the Volunteer National Parks and Reserves Project to do your part for the environment in Ghana.”（加入志愿者国家公园和保护区项目，为加纳的环境尽自己的一份力量。）可知，这个项目的目的是保护加纳的环境。故选B项。
B
I’ve never been someone who gets homesick, but the prospect (展望) of going home in a few clays is one of the few things keeping me going. It has been a stressful term. I’m looking forward to seeing my family and friends. But despite my excitement, I’ve been having some Thanksgiving break-caused anxiety. I feel like I’m under a time crunch (困境) trying to fit so many things into just a few clays. Will I have time to see all my friends, spend time with family, and get my work alone
I’m definitely still grateful that I am able to go home, but it’s strange because I’ve never connected Thanksgiving with being anxious before. Maybe I feel this way because it’s my first year. Breaks in college are different from high school. Teachers usually didn’t give work over break and I could relax the entire time in high school, but it doesn’t exactly work that way here.
Everyone has been so busy this term, and it’s difficult to relax, knowing that we have assignments due as soon as class restarts. The fact that reading period starts only 10 days after break doesn’t help either. I don’t know if I’ll ever get used to how fast college moves. Final weeks and winter break are going to be here before we know it, and that is slightly terrifying.
Even though I feel this mixture of excitement and anxiety, the break has helped me gain a better understanding about my first term of college. I’ve met so many new people and become part of clubs that I’m passionate about. The to-do list will still be there over break, but it’s nice to look back and see that I managed to get through most of the term pretty successfully. I’m still thankful for my family and friends as usual, but this year I’m especially thankful for myself.
4. How does the author feel about the coming Thanksgiving break
A. Eager but anxious. B. Relaxed but doubtful.
C. Excited but frightened. D. Curious but stressed.
5. What can we infer about breaks in college
A. They are free of homework. B. They are tasked with much work.
C. They are full of relaxation. D. They are important for progress.
6. What makes the author a little terrified
A. The reading period. B. The coming exams.
C. The fast pace of college life. D. The short period of winter break.
7. What does the author realize when reflecting on the first term
A. The to-do list pushes him to learn.
B. He has gained a lot from college life.
C. Adapting to the new life requires family support.
D. Self-independence is more important than others, support.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，因感恩节假期即将回家的作者回顾了大学第一学期的紧张生活，认为休息会帮助自己更好地适应大学生活。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中的“I’m looking forward to seeing my family and friends. But despite my excitement, I’ve been having some Thanksgiving break-caused anxiety. (我很期待见到我的家人和朋友。但是，尽管我很兴奋，但我还是有一些感恩节假期引起了焦虑)”可知，作者对即将到来的感恩节假期渴望但焦虑。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Breaks in college are different from high school. Teachers usually didn’t give work over break and I could relax the entire time in high school, but it doesn’t exactly work that way here. (大学的休假与高中不同。老师们通常不会在休假时间加班，我在高中的整个时间都可以放松，但在这里却不是这样)”和第三段中的“The fact that reading period starts only 10 days after break doesn’t help either. (事实上，阅读期只在休假后10天开始，这也于事无补)”可知，大学老师可能会在休假时间加班，阅读期只在休假后10天开始，可得出大学的休假期间任务很繁重。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中的“I don’t know if I’ll ever get used to how fast college moves. Final weeks and winter break are going to be here before we know it, and that is slightly terrifying. (我不知道我是否会习惯大学的快速发展。在我们意识到这一点之前，最后几周和寒假就要到来了，这有点可怕)”可知，大学生活节奏快让作者有点害怕。故选C项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“I’ve met so many new people and become part of clubs that I’m passionate about. (我认识了很多新人，加入了我热爱的俱乐部)”可知，在反思第一个学期时，作者意识到了自己从大学生活中获得了很多。故选B项。
C
Throughout folktale, tales of shapeshifting creatures, from wolves to vampires, have often spread horror across a variety of cultures. But these physical transformations are not limited to the pages of fiction.
A review article suggests that climate change could be physically altering a variety of species across the planet, as individuals change their shape to suit the rising temperatures across the world. Features such as tails, legs and ears are changing to provide different levels of heat exchange with the environment. Warm-blooded animals tend to have longer ears, tails, and limbs if they live in warmer conditions, compared with similar animals in colder places. The long body parts provide a bigger skin surface that they can use to get rid of extra heat.
While the changes occur across a range of species, they’re not universal across every animal considered. These adaptations may be beneficial in the short to medium term, but as the climate continues to change, animals can not continually adapt. At some point, the trade-off won’t be beneficial anymore, which could lead to population declines and even extinction. So, while a larger beak may be useful for species wanting to lose more heat, if it makes the beak more impractical for feeding then it may end up being more of a disadvantage for the birds. There are also a variety of other ways of controlling body temperature that don’t require changes in body shape, such as behavioral changes like making use of shade and migrating at warmer times of year.
Of course, to some extent we already know what’s needed to limit the emptiness of the future natural world. This includes reducing greenhouse gases; protecting biodiversity; restoring connectivity between habitats; and reducing interrelated threats like pollution and land harvesting. Even species that are close to extinction can be brought back from the edge with enough conservation effort.
8. What’s the function of Paragraph 1
A. To show the prevalence of shapeshifting creatures.
B. To introduce the topic of animals’ physical changes.
C. To stress the fear caused by shapeshifting creatures.
D. To list examples of shapeshifting creatures in folktales.
9. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is TURE
A. Animals extend some of their body parts to achieve better cooling effect.
B. Climate change is having a huge impact on almost every species on the earth.
C. Animals transform their physical features to adapt to the drop of temperatures.
D. Warm-blooded animals in colder places are more likely to have longer body parts.
10. Why does the author mention the example of “a larger beak” in Paragraph 3
A. To warn that some changes in animals’ body parts do no good at all.
B. To indicate that the rising temperatures have caused birds more harm.
C. To introduce behavioral changes as a better way to deal with climate change.
D. To demonstrate the limited or even negative effect of physical transformations.
11. What’s the author’s attitude toward the future of the natural world
A. Doubtful. B. Hopeful. C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界气候的变化导致动物的外形也相应发生了改变，文章介绍了这种改变的一些局限性以及作者对自然界未来的看法。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Throughout folktale, tales of shapeshifting creatures, from wolves to vampires, have often spread horror across a variety of cultures. But these physical transformations are not limited to the pages of fiction.(在民间故事中，从狼到吸血鬼的变形生物的故事经常在不同的文化中传播恐怖。但这些物理上的转变并不局限于小说)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入动物身体变化的话题。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Warm-blooded animals tend to have longer ears, tails, and limbs if they live in warmer conditions, compared with similar animals in colder places. The long body parts provide a bigger skin surface that they can use to get rid of extra heat.(温血动物如果生活在温暖的环境中，它们的耳朵、尾巴和四肢就会比生活在寒冷地区的同类动物长。长身体部位提供了一个更大的皮肤表面，它们可以用来排除多余的热量)”可知，A选项“动物延长身体的一些部位来达到更好的降温效果”正确。故选A。
10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“While the changes occur across a range of species, they’re not universal across every animal considered. These adaptations may be beneficial in the short to medium term, but as the climate continues to change, animals can not continually adapt. At some point, the trade-off won’t be beneficial anymore, which could lead to population declines and even extinction. So, while a larger beak may be useful for species wanting to lose more heat, if it makes the beak more impractical for feeding then it may end up being more of a disadvantage for the birds. There are also a variety of other ways of controlling body temperature that don’t require changes in body shape, such as behavioral changes like making use of shade and migrating at warmer times of year. (虽然这种变化发生在一系列物种中，但并不是在所有被考虑的动物中都普遍存在。这些适应在短期到中期可能是有益的，但随着气候的持续变化，动物无法持续适应。在某种程度上，这种取舍将不再有利，这可能导致种群数量下降，甚至灭绝。因此，虽然大喙对于想要失去更多热量的物种来说是有用的，但如果它使喙不适合进食，那么它可能会对鸟类更不利。还有很多其他不需要改变体型就能控制体温的方法，比如行为上的改变，比如利用阴凉处和在温暖的季节迁徙)”可推知，作者在第三段提到了“一个更大的喙”的例子是为了证明身体变化是有限的甚至有负面的影响。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, to some extent we already know what’s needed to limit the emptiness of the future natural world. This includes reducing greenhouse gases; protecting biodiversity; restoring connectivity between habitats; and reducing interrelated threats like pollution and land harvesting. Even species that are close to extinction can be brought back from the edge with enough conservation effort. (当然，在某种程度上，我们已经知道需要什么来限制未来自然世界的空虚。这包括减少温室气体；保护生物多样性；恢复栖息地之间的连通性；减少相关的威胁，如污染和土地收割。即使是濒临灭绝的物种也可以通过足够的保护努力从边缘地带拯救回来)”可推知，作者对自然界的未来充满希望。故选B。
D
Most people don’t lie very much. It makes sense. By being honest with people, you not only buildup goodwill, but also save a lot of brainpower since your brain doesn’t have to do anything out of the ordinary when you tell the truth. You just think of what you want to say, and you say it.
However, lying takes much more work. Imagine you’re late to class and the teacher asks why. If you decide to lie, you have to make up a story on the spot, think about the various directions the conversation might take and figure out what you need to say to keep this whole lie from falling apart. You might not be aware of it, but you just give your brain a lot of extra work. “A lot of that brain work is done in a region called the prefrontal cortex. It’s the part in charge of working memory,” explains Jennifer Vendemia, a scientist from the University of South Carolina.
Working memory keeps something in mind just for a little while, such as remembering instructions for how to play a game or some other specific task. It stores things for only a short while as you’re using them, and it doesn’t put them in long-term storage. Besides working memory, the prefrontal cortex also takes care of tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control. Scientists describe these as executive function tasks. Executive function lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you’re telling will likely holdup to questioning. “Spending so much brainpower trying to keep a story straight means there’s less available for other things,” says Vendemia. “Lying is especially harmful for young people as the prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until around age 25. When the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, younger people have a harder time doing other tasks.”
Lying has social costs, too. People generally value honesty and don’t like liars. So if people view you as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The costs of lying to people. B. The true meaning of honesty.
C. The benefits of being truthful. D. The difficulty of being a good liar.
13. Why is a lying student mentioned in the second paragraph
A. To prove a theory. B. To introduce a topic.
C. To provide the background. D. To give an example.
14. Which of the following is the function of working memory
A. Remembering a life-long lesson.
B. Storing information for a short time.
C. Pushing oneself to face difficulties.
D. Processing information in the brain.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. What Are the Harmful Effects of Lying
B. Which Part of Brain Is in Charge of Lying
C. When Is It Especially Bad for People to Lie
D. How Can We Keep Lies From Falling Apart
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细阐述了撒谎众多危害。
【详解】1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“By being honest with people, you not only buildup goodwill， but also save a lot of brainpower（通过对人诚实，你不仅可以建立善意，还可以节省大量的脑力）”可知，这一段写诚实的好处。故选C项。
2. 推理判断题。第二段“However, lying takes much more work.然而，撒谎需要付出更多的努力。”为本段主题句，后面的句子“Imagine you’re late to class and the teacher asks why. If you decide to lie, you have to make up a story on the spot, think about the various directions the conversation might take and figure out what you need to say to keep this whole lie from falling apart. You might not be aware of it, but you just give your brain a lot of extra work.(想象一下你上课迟到了，老师问你为什么。如果你决定撒谎，你必须当场编造一个故事，思考谈话可能会朝着不同的方向发展，并想清楚你需要说些什么才能避免整个谎言分崩离析。你可能没有意识到，但你只是给了你的大脑很多额外的工作。)”都是举例说明。可知，作者用学生撒谎这个例子来支持其论点：撒谎需要付出更多的努力。故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Working memory keeps something in mind just for a little while(工作记忆会让一些事情在脑海中停留一段时间)，以及“It stores things for only a short while as you’re using them, and it doesn’t put them in long-term storage.(当你使用它们时，它只会在短时间内存储它们，而不会将它们长期存储。)”可知，working memory属于短时记忆。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。第一段“Most people don’t lie very much. It makes sense. By being honest with people, you not only buildup goodwill， but also save a lot of brainpower since your brain doesn’t have to do anything out of the ordinary when you tell the truth. You just think of what you want to say, and you say it.(大多数人不怎么说谎。这很有道理。通过对人诚实，你不仅可以建立善意，还可以节省大量脑力，因为当你说实话时，你的大脑不必做任何不同寻常的事情。你只要想一想你想说什么，然后就说出来。)”是说诚实的好处，而二、三和四段从不同角度说撒谎的危害。所以用A项“What Are the Harmful Effects of Lying （说谎有哪些有害影响 ）”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) .
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In such a busy world, it is easy for us to ignore some details that may determine success or failure, which is really annoying. Fortunately, attention to details is a learned skill, and it’s one that you can definitely develop!
1. Make full and neat lists.
Making lists is a really useful way to be organized and to make sure that you know when and how everything needs to come together. ___16___ In that way, you’ll know what you actually did before.
2. ___17___
When you’re distracted, you’re not going to be able to recall things as easily as usual and more likely to forget the details of your project or homework. So if you work at home, put your phone on silent and tell your friends and family members not to call you when you’re working unless it’s an emergency. ___18___
3. Don’t do several things at the same time.
Multitasking spreads your attention out over a variety of items instead of focusing on one specific item. ___19___ Using the list that you’ve drawn up, you can go from project to project, giving each your full attention without checking your phone.
4. Take breaks.
___20___ Make sure that you schedule your projects around the same time each day and try to rest for 10 to 15 minutes each time. This will give your brain a chance to relax in time for the next project. A break can be something as simple as stretching and taking a short walk around your office, or going for coffee down the street.
A. Get organized if it is possible.
B. Try you best to limit the distractions.
C. Once you’ve completed an item on your list, check it off.
D. In other words, you are unable to give full attention to each item.
E. At workplace, simply say, “I really have to get this project finished.”
F. A good way to keep your brain sharp and focus on details is to take rests.
G. You need to arrange your life to have hope of paying attention to the small things.
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. E 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何提高注意力的方法。
【16题详解】
根据本段主题句“Make full and neat lists.(列出完整而整齐的清单。)”可知，本段讲述的的是通过列一个完整的清单来提升注意力，根据空后“In that way, you’ll know what you actually did before.(这样，你就会知道你以前做过什么。)”中的in that way可知，此空处应为了解自己之前完成什么的方法，C选项“Once you’ve completed an item on your list, check it off.(一旦你完成了清单上的一项任务，就把它划掉。)”讲述的是一种核查项目完成情况的方法，与与本段主题吻合，且与空后内容一致。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，结合其它段落的主题句可知，此处应为祈使句，根据空后的“When you’re distracted, you’re not going to be able to recall things as easily as usual and more likely to forget the details of your project or homework. So if you work at home, put your phone on silent and tell your friends and family members not to call you when you’re working unless it’s an emergency.(当你分心的时候，你不可能像平常那样容易回忆起事情，更有可能忘记你的项目或家庭作业的细节。所以如果你在家工作，把手机调成静音，告诉你的朋友和家人不要在你工作的时候打电话给你，除非有紧急情况)”可知，本段的建议是减少分散注意力的干扰，B选项“Try you best to limit the distractions.(尽量减少干扰。)”概括了该段的内容，且为祈使句。故选B项。
【18题详解】
根据空前的“So if you work at home, put your phone on silent and tell your friends and family members not to call you when you’re working unless it’s an emergency.( 所以如果你在家工作，把手机调成静音，告诉你的朋友和家人不要在你工作的时候打电话给你，除非有紧急情况。)”可知，此处讲述的是在家如何排除干扰的方法，E选项“At workplace, simply say, “I really have to get this project finished.”(在工作场所，简单地说:“我真的必须完成这个项目。”。)”中的at workplace可知，此处讲述的是在工作场所如何排除干扰的方法，与空前的内容一致，且与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Don’t do several things at the same time.( 不要同时做几件事。)”可知，本段讲述的是不要多任务同时进行，根据空前的“Multitasking spreads your attention out over a variety of items instead of focusing on one specific item.(多任务处理将你的注意力分散在各种各样的事情上，而不是只关注一个特定的事情。)”可知，多任务同时进行会导致不能专注于特定的项目，D选项“In other words, you are unable to give full attention to each item.(换句话说，你无法对每一件事都给予充分的注意力。)”中的in other words可知，此空处对空前内容进一步解释说明，且内容与本段主题一致。故选D项。
【20题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Take breaks.(休息一下。)”可知，本段讲述的是“休息一下”的好处，F选项“A good way to keep your brain sharp and focus on details is to take rests.(保持大脑敏锐和专注于细节的一个好方法是休息。)”中的take rests为解题的关键，且讲述的内容与本段主题吻合。故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since 2020, the world has set a goal of safe water for all and has advanced toward it. However, the fast-growing bottled-water industry is ___21___ countries’ failure to achieve the goal.
The fast-growing bottled water can ___22___ the progress safe-water projects, by ___23___ their attention to a less reliable option(选择). The latest UN University report showed that the annual ___24___ of the global bottled-water market are expected to $ 500 billion worldwide this decade. This can increase ___25___ in water-depleted (缺水的) areas while ___26___ to plastic pollution on land and in the oceans. In fact, the industry’s greatest impact seems to ___27___ the progress of nations’ goals to provide its residents with equal access to affordable drinking water. In the Global North, bottled water is often understood to be healthier and ___28___ than tap water. It is more a luxury than a necessity. Meanwhile, in the Global South, it is the absence of reliable public water ___29___ that drives bottled water markets.
Therefore, in many low- and middle-income countries. ____30____ consumption of bottled water can be seen as a ____31____ of decades of governments’ failure to ____32____ commitments(承诺) to safe public water systems. This further widens the global ____33____ between the billions of people who lack access to ____34____ water services and those who enjoy water as a luxury. So it’s time to strengthen legislation (立法) to. ____35____ the industry and its water-quality standards.
21. A. covering B. preventing C. delaying D. challenging
22. A. quicken B. improve C. damage D. protect
23. A. concentrating B. turning C. fixing D. attracting
24. A. sales B. losses C. prices D. products
25. A. range B. motivation C. income D. stress
26. A. admitting B. expressing C. contributing D. developing
27. A. keep up B. keep on C. keep back D. keep down
28. A. clearer B. tastier C. friendlier D. cheaper
29. A. supply B. test C. order D. discovery
30. A. Declining B. Rising C. Slowing D. Controlling
31. A. sign B. objective C. origin D. example
32. A. work out B. break away C. set off D. carry out
33. A. link B. cooperation C. gap D. relation
34. A. costly B. unsafe C. dependent D. reliable
35. A. teach B. confirm C. regulate D. expand
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了快速增长的瓶装水行业掩盖了各国未能实现使人人享有安全饮用水的目标。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，快速增长的瓶装水行业掩盖了各国未能实现这一目标的事实。A. covering覆盖，掩盖；B. preventing阻止；C. delaying推迟；D. challenging挑战。根据“Since 2020, the world has set a goal of safe water for all and has advanced toward it.”和“However”可知，快速增长的瓶装水行业掩盖了各国未能实现使人人享有安全饮用水的目标。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：快速增长的瓶装水可能会破坏安全水项目的进展，因为它们将注意力集中在不太可靠的选择上。A. quicken加速；B. improve提高，改善；C. damage损害，伤害；D. protect保护。根据“to a less reliable option(选择)”可知，因为选择不太可靠，所以快速增长的瓶装水可能会破坏安全水项目的进展。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. concentrating集中（注意力）；B. turning转向，转身；C. fixing修理，固定；D. attracting吸引。根据“their attention”可知，此处表示集中注意力。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：联合国大学的最新报告显示，这十年来，全球瓶装水市场每年的损失预计将达到5000亿美元。A. sales销售，销量；B. losses损失；C. prices价格；D. products产品。根据“the global bottled-water market are expected to $ 500 billion worldwide this decade.”可知，这十年来，全球瓶装水市场每年的损失预计将达到5000亿美元。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能会增加缺水地区的压力，同时造成陆地和海洋的塑料污染。A. range范围；B. motivation动机；C. income收入；D. stress压力。根据“water-depleted (缺水的) areas”可知，全球瓶装水市场每年的损失可能会增加缺水地区的压力。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. admitting承认；B. expressing表达；C. contributing捐献，是……的原因之一；D. developing发展。根据“plastic pollution on land and in the oceans”可知，此处表示导致陆地和海洋塑料污染，contribute to为固定短语，意为“导致”。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，该行业最大的影响似乎是阻碍了国家为居民提供平等负担得起的饮用水的目标的进展。A. keep up保持，支持；B. keep on继续；C. keep back隐瞒，阻止；D. keep down压住，控制。根据上文“However, the fast-growing bottled-water industry is ___1___ countries’ failure to achieve the goal.”可知，瓶装水行业最大的影响似乎是阻碍了国家为居民提供平等负担得起的饮用水的目标的进展。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在全球北部，瓶装水通常被认为比自来水更健康、更美味。A. clearer更干净的；B. tastier更美味的；C. friendlier更友好的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据“healthier”可知，此处表示瓶装水比自来水更健康，更美味。故选B。
29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，在全球南方，缺乏可靠的公共供水推动了瓶装水市场。A. supply供应量；B. test测试；C. order顺序，命令；D. discovery发现。根据“the absence of reliable public water”可知，缺乏可靠的公共供水推动了瓶装水市场的发展。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：瓶装水消费量的增加可以被视为政府几十年来未能履行安全公共供水系统承诺的一个标志。A. Declining下降；B. Rising上升，增长；C. Slowing减缓；D. Controlling控制。根据上文“However, the fast-growing bottled-water industry is ___1___ countries’ failure to achieve the goal.”可知，此处指的是瓶装水消费量的提高。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sign标志，迹象；B. objective目标，目的；C. origin起源；D. example例子。根据“___10___ consumption of bottled water”可知，瓶装水消费量的增加可以被视为政府几十年来未能履行安全公共供水系统承诺的一个标志。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. work out计算出，锻炼；B. break away逃脱，突然离开；C. set off出发，动身；D. carry out执行，实施。根据“failure to achieve the goal.”可知，此处表示未能履行安全公共供水系统承诺。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这进一步扩大了数十亿无法获得可靠供水服务的人和将水视为奢侈品的人之间的全球差距。A. link连接；B. cooperation合作；C. gap间隔，差距；D. relation关联，亲属。根据“This further widens”可知，此处表示扩大了差距。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. costly花钱多的，昂贵的；B. unsafe不安全的；C. dependent依赖的，依靠的；D. reliable可靠的。根据上文“their attention to a less reliable option”可知，此处为信息词reliable的词汇复现。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，是时候加强立法来规范该行业及其水质标准了。A. teach教；B. confirm证实；C. regulate规定，控制；D. expand扩大。根据“strengthen legislation”可知，立法是为了规范瓶装水行业。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ding Liren, a 30-year-old from Wenzhou, China, has become China’s first men’s world chess champion after defeating Russia’s Ian Nepomniachtchi. Ding ____36____ (win) a rapid-play tiebreaker (决胜局) after 14 first-stage games at the World Chess Championship in Kazakhstan. Ding’s victory makes him the 17th winner of the world chess game. His success,____37____ (wide) celebrated in China, shows the country’s rising influence in global chess.
____38____ Nepomniachtchi put up a strong fight, this marked his second loss in the championship finals. For the tiebreaker, each player had only 25 minutes to make their moves, plus ____39____ extra ten seconds for every move they made. Ding won in the fourth quick game and had finished second at the Candidates Tournament, which ____40____ (player) must win to challenge the world champion.
Ding’s journey in chess has been ____41____ (amaze), from becoming China’s youngest national champion in 2009 ____42____ ranking second worldwide. He also holds the longest undefeated record in top-level chess history from 2017 to 2018. This victory reflects China’s growth in the global chess scene. China ____43____ (be) strong in women’s chess since the 1990s, when Xie Jun became the first Chinese person ____44____ (receive) a world title in 1991 in the women’s game. No Chinese player had ever won the World Chess Championship before, in ____45____ both men and women can compete.
【答案】36. won
37. widely 38. Although##Though##While 39. an
40. players
41. amazing 42. to
43. has been
44. to receive
45. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍的是30岁的丁立人，来自中国温州，在击败俄罗斯的Ian Nepomniachtchi之后，成为了中国第一个男子国际象棋世界冠军。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：在哈萨克斯坦举行的世界国际象棋锦标赛上，经过14场第一阶段比赛，丁立人赢得了一场速战速决的比赛。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填won。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：他的成功在中国广受赞誉，显示出中国在国际象棋中日益上升的影响力。句中使用副词widely (广泛地)作状语，修饰动词celebrate。故填widely。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管Nepomniachtchi打得很顽强，但这是他在冠军赛决赛中的第二次失利。分析句子，设空处使用连词连接前后两个句子，此处表示让步关系，故用although或者though或者while引导让步状语从句。同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在决胜局中，每位选手只有25分钟的时间来走棋，每走一步棋都有10秒的额外时间。分析句子，句中extra ten seconds表示“额外多十秒钟”，此处ten seconds为一个整体，泛指，故空前使用不定冠词。extra首字母为元音音素。故填an。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：丁立人在第四局快速比赛中获胜，并在候选人锦标赛中获得第二名，选手必须赢得比赛才能挑战世界冠军。分析句子，设空处使用名词作定语从句主语。此处表示复数意义。故填players。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：丁立人的国际象棋之旅令人惊叹，从2009年成为中国最年轻的全国冠军到世界排名第二。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语。此处修饰journey，故使用修饰物的-ing结尾的形容词amazing。故填amazing。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。句中from…to…为固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填to。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自上世纪90年代以来，中国在女子国际象棋方面一直实力雄厚，1991年，谢军成为首位获得女子国际象棋世界冠军的中国人。分析句子，句中since the 1990s为现在完成时的时间标志，主语China，谓语单数形式。故填has been。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中became为谓语动词。设空处使用非谓语动词。名词person前有序数词，此处是first时，设空处应用不定式作后置定语。故填to receive。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：此前还没有中国棋手赢得过男子和女子都可以参加的世界象棋锦标赛。分析句子，设空处与空前介词in构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，指代前文的先行词World Chess Championship，为物，用关系代词which。故填which。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 书面表达 （15分）
46. 假设你校开展了一系列劳动实践课程，包括蔬菜种植、手工制作、家电维修等等。请你写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，内容包括：1. 你喜爱的课程；2. 你的心得体会；3. 对课程的建议。
My Favorite Hands-on Course
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 In response to the call of nationwide labor education, a series of hands-on courses were launched last term in our school, ranging from planting vegetables to making traditional handicrafts.
Sewing is one of my favorite courses, where I obtained a fundamental knowledge of essential life skills such as sewing a button, knitting a scarf, and making a cushion by operating the sewing machine. It was surely a rewarding and fulfilling experience, which not only enriched our extracurricular life but also helped us acquire practical basic working capabilities for livelihood and form the good habit of labouring.
The hands-on courses have won wide popularity among students and exerted a positive effect on the personal growth of everyone involved. If possible, an exhibition could be held to demonstrate students’ well-designed works and display their creativity.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于说明文。要求考生写一篇短文，介绍自己喜欢的劳动实践课程。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
课程：lesson→course
获得：gain→obtain
影响：influence→effect
展示：show→display
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： In response to the call of nationwide labor education, a series of hands-on courses were launched last term in our school, ranging from planting vegetables to making traditional handicrafts.
拓展句： In response to the call of nationwide labor education, a series of hands-on courses were launched last term in our school, which ranged from planting vegetables to making traditional handicrafts.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Sewing is one of my favorite courses, where I obtained a fundamental knowledge of essential life skills such as sewing a button, knitting a scarf, and making a cushion by operating the sewing machine.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】 It was surely a rewarding and fulfilling experience, which not only enriched our extracurricular life but also helped us acquire practical basic working capabilities for livelihood and form the good habit of labouring.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节：读后续写（25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Many years ago, when I was a young man in my twenties, I worked as a salesman for a St. Louis piano company. Every time we would advertise in Southeast Missouri, we would receive a reply on a postcard which said, “Please bring me a new piano for my little granddaughter. I can pay $10 a month with my egg money.” The old lady scrawled on and on and on that postcard until she filled it up.
Of course, we could not sell a new piano for $10 a month. No finance company would carry a contract with payments that small, so we ignored her postcards.
One day, however, I happened to be in that area calling on other replies, and out of curiosity I decided to look the old lady up: The old lady lived in a small and dirty house in the middle of a cotton field. There were chickens in the house. Obviously, the old lady could not have qualified to purchase anything on credit. Her little granddaughter was about 10, barefoot. I explained to the old lady that we could not sell a new piano for $10 a month. However, she still sent us the same postcard every six weeks.
A couple of years later, I owned my own piano company, and when I advertised in that area, the postcards started coming to me. For months, I ignored them.
But then, one day, despite knowing that I was about to make a terrible business decision, I delivered the piano to the old lady and told her I would carry the contract myself at $10 a month with no interest, and that would mean 52 payments. I took the new piano in the house and placed it where I thought the roof would be least likely to rain on it. It old her and the little girl to try to keep the chickens off of it, and I left — sure I had just thrown away a new piano.
But the payments came in, all 52 of them as agreed — sometimes with coins taped to a 3×5inch card in the envelope. It was incredible!
So, I put the incident out of my mind for 20 years.
注意
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Then one day, as I was sitting at the bar having an after-dinner drink, I heard the most beautiful piano music behind me.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: She told me her name was Elise and since her grandmother couldn’t afford to pay for lessons, she had learned to play by listening to the radio.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Then one day, as I was sitting at the bar having an after-dinner drink, I heard the most beautiful piano music behind me. Looking around, I saw a lovely young woman playing a very nice grand piano. Stunned by her great performance, I moved to a table beside her. She stopped and smiled at me politely, “Aren’t you the man who sent my grandma a piano a long time ago ” It didn’t ring a bell, so she started to explain. And I suddenly remembered. My goodness, it was her, the little barefoot girl. I wanted to know more about the girl.
She told me her name was Elise and since her grandmother couldn’t afford to pay for lessons, she had learned to play by listening to the radio. After practicing hard, she could play many songs. Then, she was admitted to a music school where she was offered a scholarship. She expressed her deep gratitude to me. She said, “ If you hadn’t given me this piano, I wouldn’t be where I am right now.” I felt proud of her and also told that it was her grandma’s persistence and love that made her achieve her dream.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。主要讲述了作者大学毕业后在一家钢琴公司当销售员，每当公司做广告的时候，公司总会收到一位老太太的明信片，上面写着“请给我的小孙女一架新钢琴。我可以用卖鸡蛋的钱一个月付10美元。”几年后，作者拥有了一家自己的钢琴公司，决定免费给那位老太太一把钢琴，自己将承担每月10美元，总共需要支付52笔钱。但随后作者收到老太太寄给作者的全部52笔钱。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“后来有一天，我正坐在酒吧里喝着饭后饮料，听到身后传来最美妙的钢琴声。”可知，第一段可描写作者走近去听女孩弹奏钢琴，女孩认出了作者就是当年给自己钢琴的人。
②由第二段首句内容“她告诉我她的名字叫爱丽丝，由于她的祖母付不起学费，她就通过听收音机学会了弹琴。”可知，第二段可描写女孩靠自己努力获取了成功，同时表达对作者的感谢，作者告诉女孩是她奶奶的爱和坚持让她实现了梦想。
2.续写线索：听到钢琴声——走近——女孩认出作者——作者惊讶——女孩讲述成功经历——感谢作者——作者感到骄傲——告诉女孩她奶奶对她的爱
3.词汇激活
行为类
①四处看：look around/look about
②了解：know about/learn about
③表演：play/performance
情绪类
①惊讶的：stunned /surprised
②感激：gratitude/appreciation
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Looking around, I saw a lovely young woman playing a very nice grand piano. （运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2].Then, she was admitted to a music school where she was offered a scholarship. （运用了where引导限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. I felt proud of her and also told that it was her grandma’s persistence and love that made her achieve her dream.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和强调句型）
